CN114112837A - Method for detecting porosity of plating layer - Google Patents
Method for detecting porosity of plating layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114112837A CN114112837A CN202111341111.5A CN202111341111A CN114112837A CN 114112837 A CN114112837 A CN 114112837A CN 202111341111 A CN202111341111 A CN 202111341111A CN 114112837 A CN114112837 A CN 114112837A
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- dryer
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- sodium sulfide
- porosity
- dihydrogen phosphate
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007836 KH2PO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting porosity of a plating layer, which comprises the steps of preparing a sodium sulfide solution and a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, adding the sodium sulfide solution into a dryer, placing a partition plate, placing a sample on a nylon mesh tray and on the partition plate of the dryer, enabling one end of a latex tube to penetrate through a rubber plug on the cover of the dryer and a round hole on the partition plate, connecting the other end of the latex tube with the bottom of a funnel, fixing the funnel on an iron support, adding the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution into the dryer through the funnel, reacting with the sodium sulfide solution to generate hydrogen sulfide atmosphere with the concentration of 0.75 +/-0.25 ppm, and placing the sample in an H state2And (5) placing the sample at room temperature for 48h +/-2 h in the atmosphere of S, taking out the sample, and identifying whether the porosity of the sample is qualified according to whether spots are generated on the surface of the gold-plated layer of the sample. The invention utilizes the existing simple equipment and reagent, can simulate the fault phenomenon of corrosion and rust spots generated in the air during the later placement and use of the copper alloy gold-plated part, and makes up the defects of the conventional gold-plated part porosity test method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of connectors, in particular to a method for detecting the porosity of a coating.
Background
The gold plating layer of the copper matrix belongs to a typical cathode plating layer, and micro pores exist when the thickness of the gold layer is less than 3 mu m. For cost reasons, the gold-plated connector typically has a gold-plating layer thickness of no more than 3 μm. During subsequent storage or use, the base plating layer or copper substrate may penetrate through the micropores and oxidize with elements such as O, S in the air, thereby generating red or black spots. With the continuous development of industrialization, the influence of the S element in the air is more and more obvious. The corrosion resistance of the product to the S element can not be effectively identified by the conventional gold-plating layer corrosion resistance tests such as neutral salt spray resistance, damp heat resistance, nitric acid corrosion resistance and the like. Although technologies such as a mixed gas corrosion test and a sulfurous acid fumigation test are adopted in the industry to carry out accelerated long-spot tests, equipment required by the tests is expensive, a professional gas composition control or a high-grade counting microscope is required, and the tests are difficult to implement and implement. Therefore, a simple and effective accelerated test detection method is urgently needed, and the condition that spots are generated due to corrosion of S elements in the later placement and use processes of the copper alloy gold-plated part is simulated, so that the porosity of the gold-plated layer is identified, and whether the product is qualified is identified.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for detecting the porosity of a plating layer, which can simulate the fault phenomenon of rust spots generated by corrosion of sulfur element in the air during the later placement and use of a copper alloy gold-plated part by using the existing simple equipment and reagent, and makes up the defects of the conventional method for testing the porosity of the gold-plated part.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and the detection method of the porosity of the coating provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of deionized water into the beaker I, and adding analytically pure sodium sulfide Na2S·9H2Adding O into the beaker I to dissolve the O to prepare a sodium sulfide solution;
(2) adding a certain amount of deionized water into a beaker II, and adding analytically pure potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4Adding the mixture into a beaker II to dissolve the mixture to prepare a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution;
(3) adding the sodium sulfide solution dissolved in the step (1) into a dryer, and then putting a dryer partition plate into the dryer, wherein the dryer partition plate is away from the bottom of the dryer by a certain distance and is not in contact with the sodium sulfide solution;
(4) placing one or more gold-plated part samples to be tested on a nylon net tray, wherein the multiple samples are not in contact with each other; then putting the nylon mesh tray and the sample to be tested on the nylon mesh tray on the dryer partition plate;
(5) one end of the latex tube penetrates through a rubber plug on the cover of the dryer and a round hole on a partition plate in the dryer, and is inserted into the bottom of the dryer, and the space between the cover of the dryer and the dryer is covered and sealed by vacuum grease; the other end of the latex tube is connected with the bottom of a funnel, and the funnel is fixed on an iron support;
(6) completely adding the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution prepared in the step (2) into the bottom of the dryer through a funnel and a latex tube to react with the sodium sulfide solution, immediately clamping the latex tube with a water stop clamp to seal after the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is added, and ensuring that the inside of the dryer is in a sealed environment;
finally, the sodium sulfide solution prepared in the step (1) and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution prepared in the step (2) react in a dryer to generate H with the concentration of 0.75 +/-0.25 ppm in the sealed dryer2S atmosphere, H of sample on Nylon Net tray at this concentration2And S, placing the sample at room temperature for 48h +/-2 h in the atmosphere, taking out the sample, observing the condition that the sample gold-plating layer generates spots by adopting a 10-time magnifier, and identifying whether the porosity of the sample is qualified according to whether the spots are generated on the surface of the sample gold-plating layer.
Further, in the step (1), 30g of analytically pure sodium sulfide Na was added2S·9H2O was added to 300ml of deionized water to dissolve it to prepare a sodium sulfide solution.
Further, in the step (2), 3.5g of analytically pure potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH was added2PO4The solution was dissolved in 200ml of deionized water to prepare a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
Furthermore, in the method for detecting the porosity of the coating, a glass dryer with an aperture of 240mm can be selected.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the porosity of the copper alloy gold-plated part is tested by adopting a hydrogen sulfide atmosphere corrosion method, the fault phenomenon of corrosion spots generated by corrosion of sulfur elements during the placement and use processes of the copper alloy gold-plated part in the air can be effectively simulated, the method can be used as an accelerated test of the corrosion condition of the copper alloy gold-plated part in the sulfur-containing air, and the defects of the conventional gold-plated part porosity test method are overcome. The used medicines and appliances are conventional equipment, the cost is low, and the implementation is easy. The connection part of the dryer and the cover is sealed by vacuum grease, and the latex tube is clamped by a water stop clamp for sealing after the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is added, so that the hydrogen sulfide gas in the dryer can be prevented from leaking. After the dryer is sealed, the second medicine is added through the funnel, so that the generated hydrogen sulfide can be ensured to be sealed in the dryer, and the test repeatability is good. The concentration of the generated hydrogen sulfide can be controlled by controlling the amount of the sodium sulfide and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the method can be used for detecting the porosity of the gold-plated layer in different application environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the detecting device of the present invention.
1-desicator, 2-desicator baffle, 3-emulsion tube, 4-rubber buffer, 5-water-stop clamp, 6-funnel, 7-iron ring, 8-iron stand platform, 9-sample, 10-nylon net tray.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following examples taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are given to illustrate the detailed embodiments and the operation steps based on the technology of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The device used in the method provided by the invention comprises an iron support, a dryer, a latex tube, a water stop clamp, a funnel, a beaker, a nylon net tray, an iron ring and the like, which are common equipment in chemical experiments. The latex tube and the rubber plug are sealed without air leakage.
The specific method for detecting the porosity of the coating comprises the following steps:
(1) 300ml of deionized water was added to beaker I, and 30g of analytically pure sodium sulfide Na was added2S·9H2Adding O into the 300ml deionized water to dissolve the O to prepare a sodium sulfide solution;
(2) 200ml of deionized water were added to beaker II and 3.5g of analytically pure potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4Adding the solution into 200ml of deionized water to dissolve the solution to prepare a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution;
(3) adding the sodium sulfide solution dissolved in the step (1) into a dryer, and placing a dryer partition plate into the dryer, wherein the dryer partition plate is away from the bottom of the dryer by a certain distance and is not in contact with the sodium sulfide solution;
(4) placing one or more copper alloy gold-plated part samples to be tested on a nylon net tray, wherein the multiple samples are not in contact with each other; then putting the nylon mesh tray and the sample to be tested on the nylon mesh tray on the partition board of the dryer;
(5) one end of the latex tube penetrates through a rubber plug on the cover of the dryer and a round hole on a partition plate in the dryer, and is inserted into the bottom of the dryer, and the space between the cover of the dryer and the dryer is covered and sealed by vacuum grease; the other end of the latex tube is connected with the bottom of a funnel, the funnel is placed on an iron ring, and the iron ring is fixed on an iron support;
(6) completely adding the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution prepared in the step (2) into the bottom of the dryer through a funnel and a latex tube to perform chemical reaction with the sodium sulfide solution to generate hydrogen sulfide gas; immediately after the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is added, a water stop clamp is used for clamping and sealing the latex tube at a position close to the rubber plug at the top of the dryer cover, so that a sealed environment is ensured in the dryer;
finally, 300ml of the sodium sulfide solution prepared in step (1) and 200ml of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution prepared in step (2) were completely reacted, and H with a concentration of 0.75. + -. 0.25ppm was generated in the sealed desiccator2S atmosphere (hydrogen sulfide atmosphere concentration)Tested by a commercially available hydrogen sulfide gas detector), H at that concentration for a copper alloy gold plated part sample on a nylon mesh tray2S, placing the sample in an atmosphere at room temperature for 48h +/-2 h, taking out, observing the condition that spots are generated on the surface of the sample gold-plating layer by using a 10-time magnifier, and identifying whether the porosity of the sample is qualified according to whether the spots are generated on the surface of the sample gold-plating layer: if the sample porosity is unqualified, the copper alloy gold-plated part is very easy to be corroded by the S element to generate rust spots in the later period of placement and use; if no spot exists, the porosity of the sample is judged to be qualified, and the copper alloy gold-plated part can meet the requirements of later placement and use within a certain time range.
It should be noted that the present invention provides only one specific example, and in other examples, when the volume of the dryer used is larger, the required amount of sodium sulfide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate also increases, and in this case, the concentration of the sodium sulfide solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution added to the dryer may be the same as that of the sodium sulfide solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the previous examples, but it should be ensured that the concentration of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere generated in the dryer is 0.75 ± 0.25 ppm. The detection concentration is the most appropriate detection concentration verified by tests, if the concentration of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere is more than 0.75 +/-0.25 ppm, the detection condition is too severe, and all copper alloy gold-plated parts generate spots after being placed in the hydrogen sulfide atmosphere for 48h +/-2 h at room temperature; if the concentration of hydrogen sulfide atmosphere is less than 0.75 plus or minus 0.25ppm, all copper alloy gold-plated parts will not generate spots after being placed in the hydrogen sulfide atmosphere for 48h plus or minus 2h at room temperature, so 0.75 plus or minus 0.25ppm is selected as the most accurate detection concentration.
The plating layer is obtained by continuously depositing metal atoms, and the normal phenomenon is that gaps exist among the metal atoms. The thicker the coating, the more fully the gaps between the metal atoms overlap each other, and the smaller the relative porosity. During the test, the corrosive gas fails to corrode through the pores to the matrix within the specified time frame, indicating that the porosity is acceptable. In theory, the micropores present in the gold-plated layer will always corrode if the time is long enough and the concentration is large enough. The plating layer with small porosity will also have better corrosion resistance, which is expressed by longer corrosion resistance time.
The method makes up the defects of the prior art, is mainly applied to the rapid detection of the porosity of the copper alloy gold-plating plug connector with the plating thickness less than 3 mu m, and at present, samples such as the gold-plating plug connector can judge the corrosion resistance of the gold-plating layer through conventional testing technologies such as neutral salt spray resistance, damp-heat resistance, nitric acid corrosion resistance and the like, but the testing technologies cannot rapidly and effectively identify the corrosion resistance of the samples to the S element in the later use process. At present, the means for testing the corrosion resistance of the sample to the S element adopted in the industry are completed by expensive equipment, and the period is long, so that the quick judgment cannot be realized. The technology of the invention fills the blank of the aspect, and the existing simple equipment and reagents are utilized to simulate the environment of the later-stage sample placing and using process, simulate the fault phenomenon of rusting spots generated by S element corrosion of the copper alloy gold-plated part in the placing and using process, and make up the defects of the conventional gold-plated part porosity test method as the accelerated test of the copper alloy gold-plated part in the sulfur-containing air corrosion.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and the present invention may also have other embodiments according to the above structures and functions, and is not listed again. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention by those skilled in the art can be made within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for detecting the porosity of a plating layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding a certain amount of deionized water into the beaker I, and adding analytically pure sodium sulfide Na2S·9H2Adding O into the beaker I to dissolve the O to prepare a sodium sulfide solution;
(2) adding a certain amount of deionized water into a beaker II, and adding analytically pure potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH2PO4Adding the mixture into a beaker II to dissolve the mixture to prepare a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution;
(3) adding the sodium sulfide solution dissolved in the step (1) into a dryer, and then putting a dryer partition plate into the dryer, wherein the dryer partition plate is away from the bottom of the dryer by a certain distance and is not in contact with the sodium sulfide solution;
(4) placing one or more gold-plated part samples to be tested on a nylon net tray, wherein the multiple samples are not in contact with each other; then putting the nylon mesh tray and the sample to be tested on the nylon mesh tray on the dryer partition plate;
(5) one end of the latex tube penetrates through a rubber plug on the cover of the dryer and a round hole on a partition plate in the dryer, and is inserted into the bottom of the dryer, and the space between the cover of the dryer and the dryer is covered and sealed by vacuum grease; the other end of the latex tube is connected with the bottom of a funnel, and the funnel is fixed on an iron support;
(6) completely adding the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution prepared in the step (2) into the bottom of the dryer through a funnel and a latex tube to react with the sodium sulfide solution, immediately clamping the latex tube with a water stop clamp to seal after the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is added, and ensuring that the inside of the dryer is in a sealed environment;
finally, the sodium sulfide solution prepared in the step (1) and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution prepared in the step (2) react in a dryer to generate H with the concentration of 0.75 +/-0.25 ppm in the sealed dryer2S atmosphere, H of sample on Nylon Net tray at this concentration2And S, placing the sample at room temperature for 48h +/-2 h in the atmosphere, taking out the sample, observing the condition that the sample gold-plating layer generates spots by adopting a 10-time magnifier, and identifying whether the porosity of the sample is qualified according to whether the spots are generated on the surface of the sample gold-plating layer.
2. The method for detecting the porosity of a coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), 30g of analytically pure sodium sulfide Na2S·9H2O was added to 300ml of deionized water to dissolve it to prepare a sodium sulfide solution.
3. The method for detecting the porosity of a coating according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), 3.5g of analytically pure potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH is added2PO4The solution was dissolved in 200ml of deionized water to prepare a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
4. The method for detecting the porosity of a plated layer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a glass drier having an aperture of 240mm is used.
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| CN202111341111.5A CN114112837B (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Method for detecting porosity of coating |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050145311A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-07 | Walker Elizabeth L. | Method for monitoring surface treatment of copper containing devices |
| CN102116730A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-07-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for testing porosity of electric connector gold-plating layer |
| CN102393427A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-03-28 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Analyzing method of Ni content in melted steel ingot |
| CN105954179A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-21 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Test method for measuring metallic material elemental sulfur stress corrosion cracking sensitivity |
-
2021
- 2021-11-12 CN CN202111341111.5A patent/CN114112837B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050145311A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-07 | Walker Elizabeth L. | Method for monitoring surface treatment of copper containing devices |
| CN102116730A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-07-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for testing porosity of electric connector gold-plating layer |
| CN102393427A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-03-28 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Analyzing method of Ni content in melted steel ingot |
| CN105954179A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-21 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Test method for measuring metallic material elemental sulfur stress corrosion cracking sensitivity |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 俞宏英, 孙冬柏, 黄锦滨, 杨德钧: "化学镀镍磷合金镀层孔隙率的电化学评价", 电化学, no. 03 * |
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