CN114111460B - Vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of rotary bullet fuze for ensuring explosive treatment safety - Google Patents
Vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of rotary bullet fuze for ensuring explosive treatment safety Download PDFInfo
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- CN114111460B CN114111460B CN202111389876.6A CN202111389876A CN114111460B CN 114111460 B CN114111460 B CN 114111460B CN 202111389876 A CN202111389876 A CN 202111389876A CN 114111460 B CN114111460 B CN 114111460B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/22—Elements for controlling or guiding the detonation wave, e.g. tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0807—Primers; Detonators characterised by the particular configuration of the transmission channels from the priming energy source to the charge to be ignited, e.g. multiple channels, nozzles, diaphragms or filters
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Abstract
The rotary bullet fuze vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment is arranged between a detonator and a detonating tube and comprises a rotor seat, a locating pin, a torsion spring, a vertical rotor, a detonating tube, an anti-rotation pin, a cover plate and the like, wherein the detonating tube is arranged in the vertical rotor. Under the service treatment and misfire state, the pre-torsion spring makes the vertical rotor and the detonating tube in the vertical rotor, the detonating tube and the detonator staggered for a certain angle to be in an explosion-proof state, and at the moment, even if the detonator is accidentally ignited, the subsequent detonating tube cannot be detonated, so that the explosive treatment safety of the nonexplosive explosive and the misfire detonator is ensured, and meanwhile, the detonator service treatment safety is also improved. When the projectile flies normally, the vertical rotor carries the detonating tube therein to rotate rightly due to the rotation effect, namely, the vertical rotor forms an explosion propagation channel for the detonator and the explosion propagation tube respectively, and the original normal explosion propagation effect of the detonator is not influenced. The mechanism is suitable for various rotary bullet fuzes, and the main structure of the original fuzes is not changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of explosive treatment safety of ammunition and fuses, and particularly relates to a vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of a rotary bullet fuse, which ensures the explosive treatment safety.
Background
With the development of modern war, higher requirements are put on fuze performance. The fuze is provided with explosive processing characteristics according to the standard of GJB373B-2019 'fuze safety design rule', so as to ensure the safety of ammunition explosive processing. Due to the overall size and cost constraints, the fuze is not amenable to more complex structures for achieving the above functions. Therefore, the reasonable utilization of the internal space of the fuze, the simplified structure and the reduced cost are important. Shang Yaling et al have designed a recoverable flameproof mechanism that is shifted to another safe position based on continued movement of the slider in "motion reversible fuze safety System logic control analysis" (Shang Yaling, zhang Xianbiao, ni Baohang. Motion reversible fuze safety System logic control analysis [ J ]. Ship electronic engineering 2009, 29 (12): 176-178, 191.), but it is incorporated in the flameproof mechanism for application, and the structure is complex, and reliability is not easily ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of a rotary bullet fuze for guaranteeing the safety of explosive treatment, which effectively guarantees that the fuze has higher safety when explosive treatment is carried out.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a rotary bullet fuze vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment comprises a rotor seat, a positioning pin, a torsion spring, a vertical rotor, a detonating tube, an anti-rotation pin and a cover plate. The explosion-proof mechanism is mainly distributed along the axial direction of the fuze, wherein the detonator is arranged on the explosion-proof mechanism, and the booster is arranged below the explosion-proof mechanism. The detonator is a sensitive detonator, is positioned in the explosion-proof mechanism, is in a dislocation isolation state at ordinary times, and is provided with redundant safety mechanisms for safety. The various security requirements and features of the existing fuse safety and arming mechanism are not addressed herein, and only the aligned state thereof will be discussed.
The vertical rotor is basically a solid of revolution, the axis of which intersects with and is perpendicular to the fuze axis, and consists of a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a third cylinder, a fourth cylinder and a fifth cylinder along the fuze radial direction, i.e. the vertical rotor axis from right to left, the diameter of the third cylinder being larger than the diameters of the other cylinders. The diameter and the height of the second cylinder are the same as those of the fourth cylinder, the height of the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder are 0.1-0.5 mm, the diameter of the second cylinder is 1.2-1.8 times that of the first cylinder, and the diameter of the second cylinder is 1.5-3 times that of the fifth cylinder. The first cylinder and the fifth cylinder are used as rotating shafts of the vertical rotor and are respectively inserted into holes of the rotor seat and the cover plate. A rectangular through groove is formed in the outer end face of the first cylinder along the radial direction of the end face of the first cylinder, a torsion spring is sleeved on the first cylinder extending out of the cover plate, and the end head of the outer end of the torsion spring is inserted into and fixed at the bottom end of the rectangular through groove; the second cylinder, the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are arranged in the radial round hole of the rotor seat and are in clearance fit with the radial round hole of the rotor seat. An arc groove is formed along the radial direction from the edge of the right end face of the third cylinder of the vertical rotor, an included angle of 40-90 degrees is formed between the starting point and the end point of the arc groove relative to the rotation axis of the arc groove, a second-order through hole is formed along the radial direction of the cylinder of the vertical rotor, the detonating tube is placed in the first-order hole and fixed in a point riveting mode, and the second-order hole is a detonation transfer hole. When the vertical rotor component is assembled, the average mass center positions of the rotor component (the vertical rotor and the detonating tube) are on the fuze axis and the vertical rotor axis, and the polar inertia axis of the rotor component along the radial direction of the rotor component is the detonating tube axis.
When the fuze is in no rotation or low in rotation speed, the vertical rotor staggers the detonating tube, the detonator and the detonating tube by a certain angle (40-90 degrees) under the action of the torsion moment of the torsion spring, and the fuze is fixed through the anti-rotation pin, and at the moment, the fuze is in an explosion-proof safety state.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) The vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism is additionally arranged between the detonator and the booster tube for the booster tube, so that the safety of explosive treatment can be effectively realized, and the modularized design is adopted, so that the structure is simple and the universality is good.
(2) The vertical rotor mechanism is utilized to separate the explosion propagation channel between the sensitive detonator and the detonating tube, so that the service treatment safety of the detonator can be assisted to be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of a rotary projectile fuse and a vertical rotor structure thereof for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment in an assembled state.
Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of a rotary projectile fuse for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment in an assembled state.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of a rotary bullet fuze for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment in a stand-by state.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a vertical rotor and its anti-rotation pin in an assembled state of a rotary bullet fuze vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment.
In the figure, 1 is a rotor seat, 2 is a detonator (assumed to be in an aligned state), 4 is a positioning pin, 5 is a torsion spring, 6 is a vertical rotor, 7 is a detonating tube, 8 is a rotation stop pin, 9 is a detonating tube, and 10 is a cover plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a rotary bullet fuze vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment comprises a rotor seat 1, a positioning pin 4, a torsion spring 5, a vertical rotor 6, a detonating tube 7, a rotation stop pin 8 and a cover plate 10, wherein a cross-shaped mounting cavity is formed in the rotor seat 1, a detonator 2 of the fuze, the vertical rotor 6 and a detonating tube 9 of the fuze are sequentially arranged in the mounting cavity of the rotor seat 1 at intervals along a fuze axis, and the detonating tube 7 is positioned in the vertical rotor 6; the torsion spring 5 is sleeved on the vertical rotor 6 extending out of the cover plate 10, the torsion spring 5 is inserted into the cover plate 10, the detonating tube 7 is positioned in the vertical rotor 6, and the vertical rotor 6 is arranged in the rotor seat and is positioned between the detonator 2 and the detonating tube 9.
The invention has the difficulty that by adding the explosion-proof functional component for realizing the processing safety of the fuze explosive, the internal structure of the fuze is complicated, the whole size of the fuze is increased, and the high reliability and the miniaturization design requirement of the fuze are not met. The vertical rotor provided with the detonating tube is arranged between the detonator and the detonating tube, so that the problems can be effectively avoided.
The rotor seat 1 is similar to a revolving body structure, the axis of the rotor seat is a fuze axis, and the side surface of the rotor seat is a plane. The upper end of the rotor seat 1 is provided with a second-order stepped hole along the axial direction, a first-order hole and a second-order hole are respectively arranged from top to bottom, the diameter of the first-order hole is larger than that of the second-order hole, the detonator 2 is placed in the first-order hole and fixed in a point riveting mode, the second-order hole is an explosion-transmitting hole, and the explosion-transmitting pipe 7 in the vertical rotor 6 below the detonator 2 can be reliably detonated through the hole by shock waves and detonation products generated after the detonator 2 explodes. And a second-order through hole is arranged on the side surface of the rotor seat 1 along the radial direction of the rotor seat below the second-order stepped hole, a third-order hole and a fourth-order hole are respectively formed from right to left, and the diameter of the third-order hole is larger than that of the fourth-order hole. Above the axis parallel to the vertical rotor 6, a cylindrical blind hole is arranged, and the positioning pin 4 is placed in the blind hole in a transition fit manner, so that the positioning effect on the vertical rotor 6 is realized. A cylindrical blind hole with a central axis coincident with the central axis of the detonator 2 is axially upwards arranged along the bottom end surface of the rotor seat 1, the detonating tube 9 is arranged in the blind hole and fixed in a spot riveting mode, and the axis of the blind hole is the axis perpendicular to the alignment of the detonating tube in the rotor 6.
The vertical rotor 6 is basically a revolving body structure, the axis of the vertical rotor 6 is intersected with the axis of the fuse and is perpendicular to the axis of the fuse, the vertical rotor 6 is formed by a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a third cylinder, a fourth cylinder and a fifth cylinder along the radial direction of the fuse, namely, the axis of the vertical rotor 6 is from the cover plate 10 to the direction of the vertical rotor 6, the diameter and the height of the third cylinder are larger than those of other cylinders, the diameter of the second cylinder is 1.2-1.5 times that of the first cylinder, and the diameter of the second cylinder is 1.8-3 times that of the fifth cylinder. The heights of the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder are basically the same and are 0.1-0.5 mm. The first cylinder and the fifth cylinder are used as rotating shafts of the vertical rotor 6, are respectively inserted into a radial fourth-order hole of the rotor base 1 and a rotor shaft hole of the cover plate 10, and extend out of the cover plate 10. The second cylinder, the third cylinder and the fourth cylinder are placed in the radial third-order hole of the rotor seat 1 in a clearance fit mode, the axial direction of the vertical rotor 6 is restrained by the contact between the surface of the radial third-order hole of the rotor seat 1 and the outer end surfaces of the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder through the cover plate 10, the diameters of the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder are far smaller than those of the third cylinder, friction moment possibly applied to the vertical rotor 6 in the rotation process is reduced, and the accuracy of the rotation of the vertical rotor 6 around the shaft is improved.
A rectangular through groove is formed in the outer end face of the first cylinder in the radial direction, the distance between the bottom end of the rectangular through groove and the right end face of the second cylinder is the sum of the thickness of the cover plate 10 and the height of the torsion spring 5, and the end head of the outer end of the torsion spring 5 is inserted into and fixed at the bottom end of the rectangular through groove. An arc-shaped groove is formed in the radial direction from the edge of the right end face of the third cylinder perpendicular to the rotor 6, and an included angle of 40-90 degrees is formed between the starting point and the end point of the arc-shaped groove relative to the axis of the arc-shaped groove. The third cylinder is a main body of the vertical rotor 6, and a second-order through hole is formed in the center of the third cylinder along the radial direction of the third cylinder, wherein the first-order hole is used as a conduit explosion hole, the diameter of the conduit explosion hole is larger than that of the second-order hole, the detonating tube 7 is placed in the first-order hole and fixed in a spot riveting mode, and the second-order hole is used as a detonation transfer hole, so that the shock wave generated after the detonation of the detonating tube 7 can be reliably detonated through the hole to detonate the detonation transfer tube 9. After the vertical rotor 6 is assembled, the vertical rotor 6 is locked at the explosion-proof position under the action of the pretwisting moment of the torsion spring 5 and the rotation stop pin 8, namely, the axis of the detonating tube 7 and the axis of the fuze form an included angle of 40-90 degrees. The center of mass average position design of the rotor component (vertical rotor 6 and detonating tube 7) is on the fuse axis and the vertical rotor 6 axis, and when the rotor component (vertical rotor 6 and detonating tube 7) is assembled, the radial polar inertia axis is the detonating tube hole axis, which is helpful to realize that the detonating tube 7 is basically aligned with the detonator 2 after fuse release and is basically aligned with the detonating tube 8, thereby ensuring the reliability of the action of the detonating sequence.
The cover plate 10 has a flat plate structure, and the length and width of the cover plate are the same as those of the side plane of the rotor seat 1. A cylindrical through hole is formed in the cover plate 10 and serves as a rotor shaft hole, the axis of the cylindrical through hole coincides with the axis of the vertical rotor 6, a first cylinder of the vertical rotor 6 is placed in the cylindrical through hole and is in clearance fit with the first cylinder, and meanwhile, the cover plate 10 is fixed on the rotor seat 1 through 3 screws 3.
Referring again to fig. 1, a cylindrical blind hole is provided above the axis parallel to the vertical rotor 6 as a torsion spring head hole, and one end of the torsion spring 5 is inserted into the blind hole in a clearance fit manner. Above the torsion spring head hole, a cylindrical through hole is arranged in parallel, a locating pin 4 is placed in a radial cylindrical blind hole of the rotor seat 1 through the cylindrical through hole, and the locating pin 4 is in transition fit with the round hole and the radial blind hole of the rotor seat 1, so that the cover plate 10 is located. A second-order through hole is formed in the lower portion of the axis of the vertical rotor 6 from right to left on the surface of the cover plate 10, the large end of the rotation stop pin 8 is placed in the first-order hole and fixed in a spot riveting mode, the small end of the rotation stop pin 8 is placed in the second-order hole and extends inwards into an arc-shaped groove of the vertical rotor 6, and clearance fit is adopted between the rotation stop pin and the inner wall and the side wall of the arc-shaped groove for rotation positioning. As shown in fig. 3, the vertical rotor 6 and the anti-rotation pin 8 are shown in a schematic position during assembly, and under the action of the torsion spring 5 and the anti-rotation pin 8, the vertical rotor 6 is locked at an explosion-proof safety position, i.e. the axis of the detonating tube hole forms a certain angle with the axes of the detonator 2 and the detonating tube 9 (a certain value is selected between 40-90 degrees according to a specific design).
The invention has the technical points that the vertical rotor explosion-proof safety technology is adopted, and the safety of detonator explosive treatment is realized by utilizing the fixed shaft characteristic of the vertical rotor in a high-speed rotation environment and the torsion spring driving reset characteristic after the rotation disappears.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of a rotary bullet fuze for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment in an explosion-proof state. After the projectile exits the muzzle, the projectile rotates at a high speed, the centrifugal moment generated by the vertical rotor component overcomes the pretwisting moment of the torsion spring 5 to lead the vertical rotor component to rotate or basically rotate, namely, the radial polar inertia axis of the vertical rotor component coincides with or nearly coincides with the projectile rotation axis, namely, the fuze axis, so that the upper part of the detonating tube 7 is aligned with the detonator 2, the lower part of the detonating tube 9 is aligned with the detonator, the unobstructed fuze explosion sequence is ensured, and normal explosion transmission can be realized.
If the fuze is out of fire after being launched, under the condition that the related structures in the fuze are not destroyed, when the drop rotation speed of the projectile is attenuated to be close to 0, the torsion spring 5 is already endowed with a pretwisting moment when being assembled, and the vertical rotor 6 and the detonating tube 7 in the vertical rotor are twisted back to the assembling position, so that the fuze is in a explosion-proof state. Since the rotor component centre of mass is designed on the shaft, the impact and vibration generated during the handling of the explosive does not generate additional moment that would deviate the vertical rotor 6 from the explosion-proof state, i.e. the assembly position, i.e. the explosion-proof state of the fuze afterwards is reliable and reliable. The detonator 2 inside the fuze will not detonate the detonating tube 7 and the subsequent detonating tube 9 even if accidentally detonated, thereby ensuring the explosive handling safety of the non-detonating primer and the blind fuze.
Claims (4)
1. A guarantee safe rotatory bullet fuse vertical rotor of explosive treatment hinders and explodes mechanism which characterized in that: the detonator is arranged in the detonator body and comprises a rotor seat (1), a locating pin (4), a torsion spring (5), a vertical rotor (6), a detonating tube (7), a rotation stopping pin (8) and a cover plate (10), wherein a plane is formed in the circumferential outer wall of the rotor seat (1), the cover plate (10) is fixedly positioned on the plane of the rotor seat (1) through a screw (3) and the locating pin (4), a cross-shaped mounting cavity is formed in the rotor seat (1), a detonator (2), the vertical rotor (6) and a detonating tube (9) of the detonator are sequentially arranged in the mounting cavity of the rotor seat (1) at intervals along a detonator axis, a rotating shaft of the vertical rotor (6) is intersected with the detonator axis and is perpendicular to the detonator axis, one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the cover plate (10), and the detonating tube (7) is positioned in the vertical rotor (6); the torsion spring (5) is positioned at the outer side of the cover plate (10) and sleeved on a rotating shaft of the vertical rotor (6) extending out of the cover plate (10), and the other end of the torsion spring (5) is inserted into the cover plate (10); the rotation stop pin (8) passes through the cover plate (10) to realize the rotation positioning of the vertical rotor (6);
when the fuze does not rotate or the rotation angular velocity is close to 0, the vertical rotor (6) is locked at the explosion-proof position under the action of the pretwisting moment of the torsion spring (5) and the rotation-stopping pin (8), namely, the detonating tube (7), the detonator (2) and the detonating tube (9) are staggered by 40-90 degrees, so that an explosion-conducting channel formed in a rotating state is closed, and the fuze is in an explosion-proof state, namely, the explosion-conducting channel is in a blocking state;
the vertical rotor (6) comprises a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a third cylinder, a fourth cylinder and a fifth cylinder which are sequentially arranged along the rotating shaft of the vertical rotor (6) from a cover plate (10) to the vertical rotor (6), wherein the diameter of the third cylinder is largest, the height of the third cylinder is largest, the second cylinder is equal to the fourth cylinder in size, the diameter of the second cylinder is 1.2-1.5 times of the diameter of the first cylinder, and the diameter of the second cylinder is 1.5-3 times of the diameter of the fifth cylinder; the heights of the second cylinder and the fourth cylinder are the same and are 0.1-0.5 mm; the first cylinder and the fifth cylinder are used as rotating shafts of the vertical rotor (6), the first cylinder extends out of the cover plate (10), a rectangular through groove is formed in the outer end face of the first cylinder along the radial direction of the end face of the first cylinder, the torsion spring (5) is sleeved on the first cylinder extending out of the cover plate (10), and the end head of the outer end of the torsion spring (5) is inserted into and fixed at the bottom end of the rectangular through groove; the distance between the bottom surface of the rectangular through groove and the nearest second cylindrical end surface is the sum of the thickness of the cover plate (10) and the height of the torsion spring (5); the third cylinder is a main body of the vertical rotor (6), a second-order through hole is formed in the center of the third cylinder along the radial direction of the third cylinder, the first-order hole is used as a conduit explosion hole, the diameter of the first-order hole is larger than that of the second-order hole, and the conduit explosion pipe (7) is placed in the first-order hole and fixed in a spot riveting mode; the second step hole is used as a blasting hole.
2. The rotary projectile fuze vertical rotor explosion suppression mechanism for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment according to claim 1, wherein: an arc-shaped groove is formed in the edge of the end face, close to the cover plate (10), of the third cylinder of the vertical rotor (6), an included angle of 40-90 degrees is formed between the starting point and the end point of the arc-shaped groove relative to the rotating shaft of the arc-shaped groove, and the rotation stop pin (8) penetrates through the cover plate (10) and stretches into the arc-shaped groove of the vertical rotor (6) to realize rotation positioning.
3. The rotary projectile fuze vertical rotor explosion suppression mechanism for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment according to claim 2, wherein: the polar inertia axis of the vertical rotor (6) along the radial direction is the axis of the first-stage hole.
4. The rotary projectile fuze vertical rotor explosion suppression mechanism for ensuring the safety of explosive treatment according to claim 1, wherein: the center of mass average positions of the vertical rotor (6) and the detonating tube (7) are designed on the fuze axis and the rotating shaft of the vertical rotor (6).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111389876.6A CN114111460B (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of rotary bullet fuze for ensuring explosive treatment safety |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111389876.6A CN114111460B (en) | 2021-11-22 | 2021-11-22 | Vertical rotor explosion-proof mechanism of rotary bullet fuze for ensuring explosive treatment safety |
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| CN114111460A CN114111460A (en) | 2022-03-01 |
| CN114111460B true CN114111460B (en) | 2023-07-18 |
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| CN114941968B (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-06-09 | 南京理工大学 | Safety detonator for fuze of mini-type fly-round projectile |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112066826A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-11 | 南京理工大学 | Mechanical trigger fuse for small-caliber rotary shell warhead |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4213395A (en) * | 1974-05-15 | 1980-07-22 | Breed David S | Ball rotor safety and arming delay device |
| US4242963A (en) * | 1978-09-25 | 1981-01-06 | General Electric Company | Delayed arming fuze for a spinning projectile |
| DE102005003942B4 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2007-04-12 | Junghans Feinwerktechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Safety device for a twisted roundabout fuse |
| CN104913693B (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2016-08-17 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of rotary-type fuze safety state the cannot-harm-detection device |
| CN109405678A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-03-01 | 重庆长安工业(集团)有限责任公司 | High reliability flame proof release mechanism with anti-rotation pin |
| CN113405415B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-05-20 | 南京理工大学 | Rotary bullet detonator explosion-proof mechanism with recovery insurance and insensitive characteristic |
| CN113670144B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-06-28 | 南京理工大学 | Inner cavity plugging connection structure for improving explosion-proof safety of small-size warhead fuse |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112066826A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-11 | 南京理工大学 | Mechanical trigger fuse for small-caliber rotary shell warhead |
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