CN114111440A - Method for constructing and testing service condition of linear propulsion material of electromagnetic gun in situ - Google Patents
Method for constructing and testing service condition of linear propulsion material of electromagnetic gun in situ Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A31/00—Testing arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F41B6/00—Electromagnetic launchers ; Plasma-actuated launchers
- F41B6/003—Electromagnetic launchers ; Plasma-actuated launchers using at least one driving coil for accelerating the projectile, e.g. an annular coil
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Abstract
The invention relates to a construction and in-situ test method for service conditions of a linear propulsion material of an electromagnetic gun, belonging to the field of mechanical test. The method constructs a high-speed transient impact service working condition by integrating a multi-stage electromagnetic coil, a pulse laser, a damping shock absorber, a current-carrying sliding module and the like, and develops equivalent in-situ test instrument equipment suitable for the extreme condition of small-feature-size materials. Meanwhile, based on the structural characteristics and spectral characteristics of bionic compound eye imaging, multiple non-contact spectral or acoustic spectrum detection means such as optics, infrared and acoustic emission are functionally integrated, the developed optical-infrared-acoustic emission multispectral in-situ monitoring module is integrated in-situ testing instrument equipment, synchronous-in-situ real-time in-situ monitoring of 'impact response-surface morphology-temperature distribution-defect nucleation' in a testing micro-area is realized, and a novel testing method is provided for researching the mechanical behavior of key materials of the electromagnetic cannon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material mechanical property testing, in particular to a method suitable for constructing and testing service conditions of linear propulsion materials of an electromagnetic gun in situ. The invention can perform the equivalent in-situ test of 'electromagnetism-high temperature-impact' on key materials in the field of electromagnetic energy equipment under the actual service working condition, can provide data support for the design optimization of electromagnetic guns, and provides a high-precision test method for the micro mechanical property of linear propulsion materials in the fields of aerospace, national defense weapons and the like.
Background
Electromagnetic energy heavy equipment represented by electromagnetic guns is one of the marks of national defense weapon equipment modernization and national strategic technological strength. Particularly, the novel linear propulsion technology represented by the electromagnetic gun can efficiently, transiently and highly power catapult short-stroke and heavy-load targets at ultrahigh speed by converting electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy, and has important application prospect and urgent application requirements in the field of national defense and military industry. The poly-coking (such as aircraft carrier) in the future battlefield battle scene and the diversification of the battle system (such as electromagnetic rail gun, electromagnetic pulse missile and the like) have extremely high requirements on the safety, reliability and durability of high-performance electromagnetic energy equipment. In actual operation, the energy storage system and the ejection system are core parts of electromagnetic energy equipment and are respectively used for storing electric energy with extremely high peak power and realizing transient conversion of electromagnetic energy and mechanical energy. As a key material of electromagnetic energy equipment for determining electromagnetic ejection transient efficiency, an energy storage dielectric material with high power density and excellent dielectric property is a core material for preparing a high-energy-density energy storage device and realizing high-power energy storage and regulating and controlling energy output. The linear propulsion metal material is used as a carrier fluid for transient ejection under the action of a magnetic field and ampere force, is a motion carrier for converting transient electromagnetic energy-mechanical energy, and bears the action of electromagnetic heating power multi-field coupling extreme impact and carrier sliding friction.
The performance of the above-mentioned key materials under the induction of an extremely large number of external fields is the key to determine the safety, reliability, long-term service, life-prolonging and life-prolonging of electromagnetic energy equipment. However, the micro-mechanical behavior, deformation damage mechanism and performance evolution law of key materials under the multi-field coupling extreme impact working condition are unclear, so that the conventional foreign electromagnetic catapult equipment has frequent faults, insufficient mean failure-free working time, low reliability and poor maintainability, the practical application of electromagnetic energy equipment is seriously retarded, and huge economic loss is caused. For example, the first ship (jerrd R ford, officially served in 2017) as the latest nuclear-powered ford aircraft carrier in the united states frequently has serious problems of rejection of an ejector, incapability of successfully resetting, generator failure, overload of a carrier aircraft and the like in an electromagnetic ejection test, and 10 ford aircraft carriers are planned to be built before 2058 years, so that the ford aircraft carrier is a main equipment for global operations in the future united states. In addition, the electromagnetic catapult of a ford aircraft carrier has a serious fault on average every 400 catapults, and the standard fault interval is 4166 catapults. Although Ford has a cost as high as $ 130 billion, and the equipment in the ship is very advanced and undergoes multiple refitting, sea test and drilling, the high failure rate and functional defects of the ejector cannot meet the requirement of long-term service.
The potential causes of the above-mentioned failures are: the linear propulsion metal material used as an armature motion carrier needs to be in service in a multiple extreme environment with the coupling effect of a high-temperature strong electromagnetic field and a transient impact load, and the transient impact and current-carrying sliding friction process is accompanied by electromagnetic disturbance, current-carrying heating and alternating dynamic load, so that the transient impact and current-carrying abrasion failure mechanism is unclear, and the long-term stability, the durability and the reliability of the key material in a complex extreme service environment cannot be ensured by the academic and engineering circles, so that the linear propulsion metal material becomes a technical bottleneck for restricting the efficiency improvement and the safe service of the key material of electromagnetic energy equipment. Particularly, considering that China faces severe international competition in the field of electromagnetic energy equipment, the service performance of a key material of electromagnetic ejection equipment under the conditions of multi-field coupling extreme impact and current-carrying friction needs to be disclosed urgently, and the development and the improvement of the impact resistance of the key material of the electromagnetic ejection equipment assist the progress of the technological strategy and the technological strength of electromagnetic energy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at most of modeled, ex-situ and single spectrum mechanical tests of key materials of the existing electromagnetic energy equipment, the invention aims to provide a method for constructing and in-situ testing service conditions of an electromagnetic gun linear propulsion material.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the application object of the method is a linear propulsion material (key material) of an electromagnetic gun, the in-situ test device for the service condition of the linear propulsion material of the electromagnetic gun comprises a circuit system 1, an projectile body 2, a primary acceleration coil 3, a photoelectric switch 4, a secondary acceleration coil 5, a photoelectric switch 6, a tertiary acceleration coil 7, a high-speed camera module 8, a bionic compound eye module 9, a laser heater module 10, a damping shock absorber 11, an elastic element 12, a thermocouple 13, a speed/acceleration sensor 14, a linear propulsion material 15, a strain 16), a guide rail 17, a gun barrel 18, an ejection system and a control system, wherein the ejection system is responsible for ejecting the projectile body 2 to accelerate and impact the linear propulsion material 15, the ejection system comprises the circuit system 1, the projectile body 2, the primary acceleration coil 3, the photoelectric switch 4, the secondary acceleration coil 5, the photoelectric switch 6, the tertiary acceleration coil 7 and the gun barrel 18, and a plurality of stages of acceleration coils are fixed on the gun barrel 18, when alternating current of the circuit system 1 is introduced, the generated magnetic field can generate induced current in the projectile body 2, and the interaction between the magnetic field of the induced current and the magnetic field generated by the current of the multistage accelerating coil generates Lorentz force, so that the projectile body 2 accelerates and is ejected out to impact the linear propelling material 15.
The multistage accelerating coil is coupled by a three-stage coil and comprises a first-stage accelerating coil 3, a second-stage accelerating coil 5 and a third-stage accelerating coil 7, a circuit is conducted after a switch is pressed down, a capacitor C discharges the first-stage electromagnetic coil 3 quickly, the electromagnetic coil generates an instantaneous strong magnetic field to attract the iron projectile 2 to advance forwards, the duration time of the instantaneous strong magnetic field is controlled, a plurality of factors such as discharging time, current, voltage and the like are considered, the phenomenon that the electromagnetic coil pulls the iron projectile 2 backwards due to overlong duration time of the strong magnetic field is avoided, the magnetic field is cut off before the projectile 2 reaches the middle position, the projectile 2 obtains kinetic energy to continue advancing through the attraction of the first-stage coil, when the projectile 2 reaches the position of the photoelectric switch 4, the projectile 2 blocks the receiving of infrared light, the photoelectric switch outputs high level, the high level triggers the second-stage electronic switch, and the capacitor C discharges the second-stage electromagnetic coil 5 quickly, the second level solenoid 5 produces strong magnetic field in the twinkling of an eye and attracts ferromagnetic projectile 2 to continue accelerating, when projectile 2 reachs photoelectric switch 6 positions, projectile 2 has blockked the receipt of infrared light, photoelectric switch output high level, high level triggers third level electronic switch, electric capacity C discharges fast to third level solenoid 7, third level solenoid 7 produces strong magnetic field in the twinkling of an eye and attracts ferromagnetic projectile 2 to continue accelerating, projectile 2 accelerates through multistage coil, high-speed impact straight line propulsion material 15, realize the reconsitution of high-speed transient impact operating mode.
In the impact experiment, the strain gauge 16 and the speed/acceleration sensor 14 are used for acquiring the deformation and the speed/acceleration of the linear propulsion material in the high-speed impact service environment in real time, and the damping shock absorber 11 and the elastic element 12 are used for realizing shock absorption and noise reduction.
The in-situ monitoring is that 3 types of imaging/detecting components, namely a high-speed camera module 8, a bionic compound eye module 9 and a laser heater module 10, are integrally installed in a spherical lattice grid in a spherical array unit through external thread connection. The method comprises the steps of taking a human eye eyeball and peripheral muscle groups thereof as biological models, analyzing the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of the eyeball in the centering rotation process, obtaining quantitative mathematical description between the movement gait and the eye muscle contraction movement, establishing a physical model of the eyeball multi-degree-of-freedom movement and the eye muscle flexible traction, and establishing a time sequence control criterion of the six-degree-of-freedom movement platform and the piezoelectric drive accurate positioning performance according to actual imaging/detection requirements. In the test process, the output displacement of an electric servo cylinder in the six-degree-of-freedom precision focusing unit is adjusted to realize the precise adjustment of the transverse position, the longitudinal position and the deflection angle of the spherical lattice grid, so that the imaging access or the focus of the 3-type imaging component is regulated and controlled to realize the multispectral synchronous imaging of a certain micro-area of an observed sample.
The reconstruction of the transient high-temperature environment of the linear propulsion material is realized through the integrated high-power laser heating module 10 in the high-temperature environment. The geometric axis of the laser heating module 10 is arranged at 30 degrees with the horizontal plane (namely the initial installation surface of the test platform), and is integrally installed on a Z-direction moving platform with a height adjusting function, and the global observation of the gauge length part of the tested piece is realized by combining the inclination function of the loading platform. The test platform, the loading platform and the Z-direction moving platform are integrally arranged on the small air floatation vibration isolation platform.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the traditional testing technology is difficult to realize parallel synchronous detection and data fusion analysis of multiple parameters of the key material, such as 'impact response-microstructure-temperature distribution-internal defect' and the like, and cannot visually reveal the material performance evolution law, transient mechanical behavior and deformation damage mechanism under the multi-field coupling working condition. The invention provides a novel principle and a novel technology of electromagnetic-high temperature-impact multi-field coupling cross-scale in-situ test under a key material service working condition in the field of electromagnetic energy equipment. The method comprises the steps of constructing an equivalent service working condition with physical parameters capable of being reconstructed as required, developing equivalent test equipment under extreme conditions, and constructing real-time correlation between the multi-field coupling extreme working condition and material mechanical behavior and a failure mechanism by carrying out a cross-scale equivalent in-situ test on a linear propulsion material with small characteristic dimension. The multispectral in-situ test principle of optical-infrared-acoustic emission is provided, and the synchronous-apposition monitoring of shock response-microstructure-temperature gradient-micro-area damage is realized. An optical-infrared-acoustic emission multispectral in-situ monitoring module based on bionic compound eyes is developed, an in-situ testing system of multi-physical field coupling loading-multispectral in-situ monitoring-multi-data fusion analysis is constructed, and a decay rule of the evolution and service performance of a material structure from surface to inside from macro to micro is revealed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of in-situ test equipment for service conditions of linear propulsion materials according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. circuitry; 2. a projectile body; 3. a primary accelerating coil; 4. a photoelectric switch; 5. a secondary accelerating coil; 6. a photoelectric switch; 7. a tertiary accelerating coil; 8. a high-speed camera module; 9. a bionic compound eye module; 10. a laser heater module; 11. a damping shock absorber; 12. an elastic element; 13. a thermocouple; 14. a speed/acceleration sensor; 15. linearly propelling the material; 16. a strain gauge; 17. a guide rail; 18. and (4) barrel.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention and its embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for constructing and testing the service condition of the linear propulsion material of the electromagnetic gun in situ solves the problems that the traditional testing technology is difficult to realize parallel synchronous detection and data fusion analysis of multiple parameters such as 'impact response-microstructure-temperature distribution-internal defect' and the like of the linear propulsion material, and the material performance evolution rule, the transient mechanical behavior and the deformation damage mechanism under the multi-field coupling condition cannot be intuitively disclosed. The in-situ test device reconstructs the working conditions that the linear propulsion material bears transient impact, high-temperature loading and the like under the high-speed impact working condition by simulating single physical field construction forms of electromagnetic ejection high-speed transient impact, high current density loading, high-temperature heat generation and the like and a multi-external-field coupling mode. Accelerating the projectile body through a multi-stage coil, impacting a linear propulsion material at a high speed, and realizing reconstruction of a high-speed transient impact working condition; the reconstruction of the transient high-temperature environment of the linear propulsion material is realized through a high-power laser heating device.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for constructing service conditions and testing in situ of linear propulsion materials of an electromagnetic gun comprises a circuit system 1, a projectile body 2, a primary acceleration coil 3, a photoelectric switch 4, a secondary acceleration coil 5, a photoelectric switch 6, a tertiary acceleration coil 7, a high-speed camera module 8, a bionic compound eye module 9, a laser heater module 10, a damping shock absorber 11, an elastic element 12, a thermocouple 13, a speed/acceleration sensor 14, a linear propulsion material 15, a strain 16), a guide rail 17, a gun barrel 18, an ejection system for accelerating the projectile body 2 to eject and impact the linear propulsion material 15, the ejection system comprises the circuit system 1, the projectile body 2, the primary acceleration coil 3, the photoelectric switch 4, the secondary acceleration coil 5, the photoelectric switch 6, the tertiary acceleration coil 7 and the gun barrel 18, a multistage acceleration coil is fixed on the gun barrel 18, when alternating current of the circuit system 1 is introduced, the generated alternating magnetic field generates an induced current in the projectile body 2, and the interaction between the magnetic field of the induced current and the magnetic field generated by the current of the multistage accelerating coil generates a lorentz force, so that the projectile body 2 accelerates and is ejected out to impact the linear propulsion material 15. In the impact experiment, the strain gauge 16 and the speed/acceleration sensor 14 are used for acquiring the deformation and the speed/acceleration of the linear propulsion material in the high-speed impact service environment in real time, and the damping shock absorber 11 and the elastic element 12 are used for achieving shock absorption and noise reduction.
Aiming at the reconstruction of the 'electromagnetic-high temperature-impact' multi-field coupling service working condition, the linear propulsion material is reconstructed to bear the working conditions of transient impact, high temperature loading and the like under the high-speed impact working condition by simulating a single physical field construction form of electromagnetic ejection high-speed transient impact, high current density loading, high temperature heat generation and the like and a multi-external-field coupling mode. Accelerating the projectile body through a multi-stage coil, impacting a linear propulsion material at a high speed, and realizing reconstruction of a high-speed transient impact working condition; the reconstruction of the transient high-temperature environment of the linear propulsion material is realized through a high-power laser heating device. The 3 types of imaging/detecting components, namely the high-speed camera module 8, the bionic compound eye module 9 and the laser heater module 10, are integrally installed in a spherical lattice grid in the spherical array unit through external thread connection. The human eye eyeball and the surrounding muscle group are used as biological models, the quantitative mathematical description between the movement gait and the eye muscle contraction movement of the eyeball is obtained by analyzing the kinematics and the dynamics characteristics of the eyeball in the centering rotation process, and a physical model of the eyeball multi-degree-of-freedom movement and the eye muscle flexible traction is established. In the test process, the output displacement of an electric servo cylinder in the six-degree-of-freedom precision focusing unit is adjusted to realize the precise adjustment of the transverse position, the longitudinal position and the deflection angle of the spherical lattice grid, so that the imaging access or the focus of the 3-type imaging component is regulated and controlled to realize the multispectral synchronous imaging of a certain micro-area of an observed sample.
Aiming at the equivalent remapping of the working condition of multi-field coupling service, according to the requirements of parameters such as strain rate, high-temperature threshold value, current-carrying sliding friction coefficient and the like in the transient impact driving process of electromagnetic energy equipment, the range, the rate, the resolution and the test method of each single physical parameter related to transient impact load-high temperature-current loading are determined by combining the impact failure of the linear propulsion material, the current intensity and the impact acceleration of high-temperature thermal expansion and the like, and the equivalent remapping of multiple parameters is realized by monitoring the parameters such as speed, current intensity, strain rate, temperature, current-carrying sliding friction coefficient and the like in real time. The reconstruction of the transient high-temperature environment of the linear propulsion material is realized by integrating the high-power laser heating module 10. The geometric axis of the laser heating module 10 is arranged at 30 degrees with the horizontal plane (namely the initial installation surface of the test platform), and is integrally installed on a Z-direction moving platform with a height adjusting function, and the global observation of the gauge length part of the tested piece is realized by combining the inclination function of the loading platform. The test platform, the loading platform and the Z-direction moving platform are integrally arranged on the small air floatation vibration isolation platform.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A construction and in-situ test method for service conditions of linear propulsion materials of electromagnetic guns is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises a circuit system (1), an ejector (2), a primary accelerating coil (3), a photoelectric switch (4), a secondary accelerating coil (5), a photoelectric switch (6), a tertiary accelerating coil (7), a high-speed camera module (8), a bionic compound eye module (9), a laser heater module (10), a damping shock absorber (11), an elastic element (12), a thermocouple (13), a speed/acceleration sensor (14), a linear propulsion material (15), a strain gauge (16), a guide rail (17) and a gun barrel (18), wherein the ejection system is responsible for ejecting the ejector (2) to accelerate and impact the linear propulsion material (15), and comprises the circuit system (1), the ejector (2), the primary accelerating coil (3), the photoelectric switch (4), the secondary accelerating coil (5), the photoelectric switch (6), the tertiary accelerating coil (7), The gun barrel (18) is used for fixing the multistage accelerating coil on the gun barrel (18), when alternating current of the circuit system (1) is introduced into the gun barrel, an induced current can be generated in the projectile body (2) by the generated alternating magnetic field, and the magnetic field of the induced current and the magnetic field generated by the current of the multistage accelerating coil interact to generate Lorentz force, so that the projectile body (2) is accelerated to move and is ejected out to impact a linear propelling material (15);
the multistage accelerating coil is coupled by a three-level coil and comprises a first-level accelerating coil (3), a second-level accelerating coil (5) and a third-level accelerating coil (7), a circuit is conducted after a switch is pressed down, a capacitor C discharges the first-level electromagnetic coil (3) quickly, the electromagnetic coil generates an instant strong magnetic field to attract the iron projectile (2) to advance forwards, the duration time of the instant strong magnetic field is controlled, a plurality of factors such as discharging time, current, voltage and the like are considered, the phenomenon that the electromagnetic coil pulls the iron projectile (2) backwards due to overlong duration time of the strong magnetic field is avoided, the magnetic field is cut off before the projectile (2) reaches an intermediate position, the projectile (2) obtains kinetic energy through attraction of the first-level coil to continue advancing, when the projectile (2) reaches a photoelectric switch (4), the projectile (2) blocks infrared light from being received, and the photoelectric switch outputs a high level, the high level triggers a second-stage electronic switch, a capacitor C discharges the second-stage electromagnetic coil (5) rapidly, the second-stage electromagnetic coil (5) generates an instant strong magnetic field to attract the ferromagnetic projectile (2) to accelerate continuously, when the projectile (2) reaches the position of a photoelectric switch (6), the projectile (2) blocks the receiving of infrared light, the photoelectric switch outputs high level, the high level triggers a third-stage electronic switch, the capacitor C discharges the third-stage electromagnetic coil (7) rapidly, the third-stage electromagnetic coil (7) generates an instant strong magnetic field to attract the ferromagnetic projectile (2) to accelerate continuously, the projectile (2) is accelerated through a multi-stage coil, a high-speed impact linear propulsion material (15) is used for reconstructing a high-speed transient impact working condition, and the deformation and the speed/acceleration of the linear propulsion material in a high-speed impact service environment are obtained in real time through a strain gauge (16) and a speed/acceleration sensor (14), in the impact test of the linear propulsion material, the shock absorption and the noise reduction are realized by the damping shock absorber (11) and the elastic element (12).
2. The electromagnetic gun linear propulsion material service condition construction and in-situ test method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: integrally installing 3 types of imaging/detecting components of a high-speed camera module (8), a bionic compound eye module (9) and a laser heater module (10) in a spherical lattice grid in a spherical array unit through external thread connection; the method comprises the steps of taking a human eye eyeball and peripheral muscle groups thereof as biological models, obtaining quantitative mathematical description between movement gait and eye muscle contraction movement of the eyeball by analyzing the kinematics and the dynamic characteristics of the eyeball in the centering and rotating process, establishing a physical model of eyeball multi-degree-of-freedom movement and eye muscle flexible traction, and establishing a time sequence control criterion of a six-degree-of-freedom movement platform and piezoelectric drive accurate positioning performance according to actual imaging/detection requirements; in the test process, the output displacement of an electric servo cylinder in the six-degree-of-freedom precision focusing unit is adjusted to realize the precise adjustment of the transverse position, the longitudinal position and the deflection angle of the spherical lattice grid, so that the imaging access or the focus of the 3-type imaging component is regulated and controlled to realize the multispectral synchronous imaging of a certain micro-area of an observed sample.
3. The electromagnetic gun linear propulsion material service condition construction and in-situ test method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-power laser heating module (10) is integrated to reconstruct the transient high-temperature environment of the linear propulsion material; the geometric axis of the laser heating module (10) is arranged at 30 degrees with the horizontal plane (namely the initial mounting surface of the test platform), and the laser heating module is integrally mounted on a Z-direction moving platform with a height adjusting function, and the global observation of the gauge length part of the tested piece is realized by combining the inclination function of the loading platform; the test platform, the loading platform and the Z-direction moving platform are integrally arranged on the small air floatation vibration isolation platform.
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| CN112611453A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-06 | 吉林大学 | Compound eye in-situ monitoring unit, microscopic adjusting unit and multispectral imaging system thereof |
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2021
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| CN102135480A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-07-27 | 北京理工大学 | System and method for performing impact loading on micro test piece and measuring dynamic mechanical property |
| CN103293069A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2013-09-11 | 广东工业大学 | Multi-way high-energy high-speed electromagnetic force impact intelligent control testing device and method |
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