CN114110575B - Ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents
Ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN114110575B CN114110575B CN202111346310.5A CN202111346310A CN114110575B CN 114110575 B CN114110575 B CN 114110575B CN 202111346310 A CN202111346310 A CN 202111346310A CN 114110575 B CN114110575 B CN 114110575B
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- hearth
- fluidized bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler which comprises a hearth and a cyclone separator, wherein the hearth is of a U-shaped structure consisting of a front hearth, a left hearth and a right hearth which are communicated with each other, the left hearth and the right hearth are symmetrically arranged relative to the axial center line of the boiler, a gap of the U-shaped hearth faces a tail flue, and the cyclone separator is arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth and is connected with the hearth through the flue. The invention adopts the hearth with the U-shaped structure, after the hearth is enlarged, the width-depth ratio of the cross section is proper, the penetrability of secondary air is strong, meanwhile, the left hearth and the right hearth of the hearth with the U-shaped structure are communicated together, the uniform flow in the hearth is ensured through uniform air distribution and coal feeding, the flue gas deviation of the hearth is small, the reliability of the boiler in the operation process is improved, the inner maintenance is convenient for the gap at the tail part of the U-shaped hearth, the left separator and the right separator are arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth, the floor area is small, and the maintenance is easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion equipment, and particularly relates to an ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Background
The circulating fluidized bed boiler has the characteristics of wide fuel adaptability and low pollutant emission, and is rapidly developed in China in recent decades. Currently, the circulating fluidized bed boiler technology in China is in the international leading position, and further, the technology also advances to higher parameters and higher capacity.
The circulating fluidized bed boiler is mainly characterized in that a main material circulating loop is formed in front of a hearth, a separator, a material returning device and an external heat exchanger (if any). The hearth type is the first problem to be solved in the research and development of large circulating fluidized bed boilers due to the requirements of the width-depth ratio of the hearth and the penetrability of secondary air. Meanwhile, with the increase of the size of the section of the hearth, the CFB boiler with the extra-large bed surface is more difficult to ensure the uniformity of the flow, so that the problem of how to ensure the uniformity of the flow in the boiler is also the problem faced after the CFB boiler is large-sized. Along with the large-scale boiler, the flue gas deviation of a large-size hearth and a tail vertical shaft is also a problem which needs to be solved.
Patent CN105157021A discloses a double-hearth supercritical large circulating fluidized bed boiler, as shown in fig. 1, two hearths are arranged in parallel, which can solve the problems of the width-depth ratio of the hearths of the large circulating fluidized bed boiler and the arrangement of the heating surfaces in the boiler. However, in the double-hearth structure, the heat loads of the two hearths are difficult to match, which may cause too large flue gas deviation and uneven heating of the water-cooled wall and the expanded heating surface.
Patent CN106196025A discloses "a circulating fluidized bed boiler with multiple separators and annular hearth" as shown in fig. 2, which adopts an annular hearth structure, and two sets of cyclone separators are respectively disposed at the outer sides of two side walls. The inside of the annular hearth is a closed area, the inner ring heating surface is difficult to overhaul compared with a conventional furnace, and the separator is arranged outside the hearth, so that the occupied area is large, and the cost is high. The flue gas at the outlet of the separator is introduced into the tail flue from two sides, so that the flue gas deviation of the tail flue is possibly overlarge, the tail flue is heated unevenly, and the development of higher parameters is limited.
Therefore, the prior patent technology limits the development of high-parameter large-scale circulating fluidized bed boilers to a certain extent. Therefore, a new technology is needed to be provided, the problem of the large-scale width-depth ratio of the hearth can be solved, the flowing uniformity in the furnace can be ensured, the flue gas deviation of the hearth and the tail flue can be reduced, and the novel technology has certain economical efficiency and is beneficial to the large-scale development of the high parameters of the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: to the problem that above-mentioned exists, provide one kind at furnace maximization back, the cross-section width depth ratio is suitable, and the overgrate air penetrability is strong to can guarantee that the stove flows evenly, furnace flue gas deviation is little, improve the super large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler of boiler reliability in the operation process.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler, includes furnace and cyclone, its characterized in that: the utility model discloses a boiler, including furnace, left and right sides furnace, cyclone separator, boiler, left and right sides furnace, furnace is the U type structure that comprises front side furnace and left and right side furnace that communicate each other, left and right side furnace is for boiler axial center line symmetrical arrangement, and the breach of U type furnace is towards the afterbody flue, cyclone separator arranges in U type furnace's middle zone and links to each other with furnace through the flue.
The length of the left hearth, the length of the front hearth and the length of the right hearth of the U-shaped hearth of the ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler are 1: a:1, wherein a is between 0.5 and 1.5.
The width of the three side hearths of the U-shaped hearth of the ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler is equal, and the width-depth ratio of the three side hearths is between 1.8 and 5.
The bending angle alpha is formed between the left and right side hearths and the front side hearth of the ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler, and the alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
The ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler is characterized in that a plurality of cyclone separators are arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth, are symmetrically divided into a left group and a right group relative to the axial central line of the boiler and are respectively connected with the hearths on the corresponding sides of the U-shaped hearth.
According to the ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler, each cyclone separator arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth is independently arranged and connected with the corresponding side hearth through the independent material returning device, and circulating materials separated by the cyclone separators are returned to the hearth.
According to the ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler, the cyclone separator is connected with the tail wrapping wall through the separator outlet flue, the single-side separator outlet flue adopts a gradually expanding structure and is used for gathering the single-side separator outlet flue gas together, and the two side separator outlet flues are merged in front of the tail wrapping wall.
According to the ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler, the tail wrapping wall adopts a double-flue structure, and the low-temperature superheater and the low-temperature reheater are respectively arranged.
According to the ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler, the tail wrapping wall adopts a single flue structure.
The invention relates to an ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler, wherein an external heat exchanger is arranged at the bottom of a cyclone separator.
The invention adopts the hearth with the U-shaped structure, the width-depth ratio of the cross section is proper after the hearth is enlarged, the penetrability of secondary air is strong, meanwhile, the left hearth and the right hearth of the hearth with the U-shaped structure are communicated together, the uniform flow in the hearth is ensured through uniform air distribution and coal supply, the flue gas deviation of the hearth is small, the reliability of a boiler in the operation process is improved, the inner overhaul is convenient for the tail gap of the U-shaped hearth, the left separator and the right separator are arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth, the floor area is small, the overhaul is easy, the outlet flues of the left separator and the right separator are combined in front of the tail vertical shaft, the flue gas deviation of the tail vertical shaft is reduced, and the thermal deviation of a heated surface is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a prior art patent CN 105157021A.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of prior art CN 106196025A.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 isbase:Sub>A sectional viewbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view B-B in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a hearth 1, a cyclone separator 2, a material returning device 3, a separator outlet flue 4, a tail wrapping wall 5, an external heat exchanger 6, a water-cooling expansion screen 11, a screen superheater 12, a screen reheater 13, a low-temperature superheater 14 and a low-temperature reheater 15.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
as shown in figures 3 and 4, a 1000MW ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises a hearth 1 and a cyclone separator 2, wherein the hearth 1 is of a U-shaped structure consisting of a front-side hearth and a left-side hearth and a right-side hearth which are communicated with each other, namely the cross section of the hearth is U-shaped, the left-side hearth and the right-side hearth are symmetrically arranged relative to the axial center line of the boiler, a notch of the U-shaped hearth 1 faces a tail flue, the position of the notch can be used for maintainers to enter the inner side of the U-shaped hearth, the cyclone separator 2 is arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth 1 and is connected with the hearth 1 through the flue, the boiler occupies a small area, and the inner side of the hearth, the separator and a material returning device are convenient to overhaul.
In this embodiment, the left hearth length AB, the front hearth length BC, and the right hearth length CD of the U-shaped hearth 1 are 1:1:1, the width of the three-side hearth of the U-shaped hearth 1 is equal, namely EF = GH = MN, the width-depth ratio AB/EF, BC/GH and CD/MN of the three-side hearth is 3.5, and a bending angle α =90 ° is formed between the left and right side hearths and the front side hearth.
Specifically, the bottom of the hearth is provided with a primary air distributing plate, air caps are uniformly distributed on the air distributing plate, secondary air nozzles are arranged on a bevel at the lower part of the hearth, the proper width-depth ratio of the hearth is benefited, the penetrability of secondary air is high, the oxygen amount at the center of the hearth is sufficient, coal feeding ports are uniformly arranged on the front wall of the hearth to ensure the uniformity of materials in a U-shaped hearth, slag discharging ports are arranged on the rear wall or the bottom of the hearth, and a U-shaped structure is connected with a left hearth and a right hearths through uniformly arranged primary air, secondary air, coal feeding and slag discharging, so that the uniformity of a flow field in the hearth is ensured, and the deviation of flow in the furnace is reduced; the upper part of the hearth is provided with a water-cooling expansion screen 11, a screen superheater 12 and a screen reheater 13, as shown in figure 4, the screen heating surface is L-shaped, and the arrangement position is close to the outer side of the hearth. Of course, the number of the heating surfaces in the furnace shown in the drawings is only illustrative, and a suitable number of heating surfaces in the furnace may be arranged as required.
In this embodiment, eight cyclone separators 2 are arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped furnace 1, the eight cyclone separators 2 are symmetrically divided into a left group and a right group relative to the axial center line of the boiler, that is, four cyclone separators in each group, the space in a single cyclone separator is 9m to ensure the gas-solid separation effect, each cyclone separator body has the same structural parameters, an independent connecting flue is arranged between the single cyclone separator and the left and right furnace chambers, an independent non-mechanical material returning device 3 is arranged under each cyclone separator, and the material returning device is used for returning the circulating materials separated by the cyclone separators 2 to the furnace chambers.
The cyclone separator 2 is connected with the tail wrapping wall 5 through a separator outlet flue 4, the separator outlet flue adopts a heat insulation steel plate structure, and the cyclone separator is arranged in the hearth, so that the stroke from the separator outlet flue to the tail wrapping wall is reduced, and the manufacturing cost of the boiler is further reduced; the separator outlet flues 4 on one side adopt a gradually expanding structure and are used for collecting the flue gas at the outlet of the separator on one side together, the separator outlet flues 4 on two sides are combined in front of the tail wrapping wall 5, and the sectional area of a flue gas channel at the inlet of the wrapping wall is larger due to the gradually expanding structural design of the flues, so that the flue gas speed is reduced, the flue gas is mixed more fully, the abrasion of a flue gas window at the inlet of the wrapping wall is reduced, and the tail convection heating surface is protected.
As another structure design, the outlet flue of the separator can adopt a water-cooling wall-wrapping structure so as to increase the heat absorption area and reduce the smoke temperature.
In this embodiment, the rear wrapping wall 5 adopts a double-flue structure, and the low-temperature superheater 14 and the low-temperature reheater 15 are respectively arranged, because the flue gas is fully mixed before entering the wrapping wall, the flue gas deviation of the left side and the right side of the large-size wrapping wall is relatively small, the temperature deviation of the left side and the right side of the low-temperature superheater arranged in the wrapping wall is relatively small, and the possibility of over-temperature of the heating surface of the rear portion is reduced.
Example 2:
this example is substantially the same as example 1, with the main differences: as shown in figures 5 and 6, when the hearth has smaller depth and larger width, two cyclone separators close to the front hearth are connected with the front hearth through independent flues, and other cyclone separators are respectively connected with the left hearth and the right hearth through independent flues. The cyclone separator bodies have the same structural parameters, the left cyclone separator group and the right cyclone separator group are symmetrically arranged, the hearth depth is small, the external heat exchanger 6 is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone separator for arranging enough superheaters and reheaters, and the tail wrapping wall adopts a single-flue structure.
Example 3:
this example is substantially the same as example 2, with the main differences: as shown in fig. 7, the bending angle α formed between the left and right side hearths and the front side hearth of the U-shaped hearth is between 90 ° and 180 °, and the cyclone separators are arranged along the bending direction of the left and right side hearths.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as the invention is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler, includes furnace (1) and cyclone (2), its characterized in that: the boiler is characterized in that the hearth (1) is of a U-shaped structure consisting of a front hearth, a left hearth and a right hearth which are communicated with each other, the left hearth and the right hearth are symmetrically arranged relative to the axial center line of the boiler, a gap of the U-shaped hearth (1) faces a tail flue, and the cyclone separator (2) is arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth (1) and is connected with the hearth (1) through the flue;
the left side furnace length, the front side furnace length and the right side furnace length of U type furnace (1) are 1: a:1, wherein a is between 0.5 and 1.5, the widths of three side hearths of the U-shaped hearth (1) are equal, and the width-depth ratio of the three side hearths is between 1.8 and 5.
2. The ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, wherein: a bending angle alpha is formed between the left and right side hearths and the front side hearth, and the alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
3. The ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of cyclone separators (2) are arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth (1), and the plurality of cyclone separators (2) are symmetrically divided into a left group and a right group relative to the axial central line of the boiler and are respectively connected with the hearths on the corresponding sides of the U-shaped hearth (1).
4. The ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 3, wherein: each cyclone separator (2) arranged in the middle area of the U-shaped hearth (1) is independently arranged and is connected with the corresponding side hearth through an independent material returning device (3) for returning the circulating materials separated by the cyclone separators (2) to the hearth.
5. The ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 4, wherein: the cyclone separator (2) is connected with the tail wrapping wall (5) through a separator outlet flue (4), the separator outlet flue (4) on one side is of a gradually expanding structure and is used for gathering the flue gas at the outlet of the separator on one side, and the separator outlet flues (4) on two sides are combined before the tail wrapping wall (5).
6. The ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 5, wherein: the tail wrapping wall (5) is of a double-flue structure, and a low-temperature superheater (14) and a low-temperature reheater (15) are arranged respectively.
7. The ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 5, wherein: the tail wrapping wall (5) adopts a single flue structure.
8. The ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: an external heat exchanger (6) is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone separator (2).
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| CN202111346310.5A CN114110575B (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2021-11-15 | Ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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| CN202111346310.5A CN114110575B (en) | 2021-11-15 | 2021-11-15 | Ultra-large circulating fluidized bed boiler |
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| CN213983541U (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-08-17 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Circulating fluidized bed boiler with partition wall in hearth |
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