CN114109487A - Coarse fraction full tailing paste filling method - Google Patents
Coarse fraction full tailing paste filling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114109487A CN114109487A CN202111337526.5A CN202111337526A CN114109487A CN 114109487 A CN114109487 A CN 114109487A CN 202111337526 A CN202111337526 A CN 202111337526A CN 114109487 A CN114109487 A CN 114109487A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
Abstract
The invention provides a coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method, and belongs to the technical field of paste filling. Classifying coarse fraction full-tail mortar from a selection plant by a cyclone, feeding underflow coarse particle tailings into a buffer bin for storage, and generating high-concentration tail mortar I through natural sedimentation; overflowing the fine tailings to enter a deep cone thickener, and generating high-concentration tailing slurry II after flocculation thickening; and then the two high-concentration tail mortars are conveyed to a stirring system according to a grading proportion and are homogenized and mixed with a cementing material to prepare paste, and the paste enters the underground empty area to be filled in a self-flowing conveying or pumping mode through a pipeline. The method changes the current situation that coarse fraction tailings are used for filling and fine fraction tailings are used for damming in the traditional technology, and overcomes the difficult problem that coarse fraction full tailings are deep cone dense and easy to rake. The method realizes full utilization of coarse fraction full tailings, carries out paste filling without layering, segregation and dehydration, and ensures safe, efficient and stable operation of mine production and underground filling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of paste filling, in particular to a coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method.
Background
The paste filling gradually becomes the development direction of the filling mining technology in the 21 st century due to the advantages of no segregation, no dehydration and no delamination. The efficient dense dehydration of the tailings is the first ring of the paste filling process and is also the key of the paste filling technology. In the actual production and operation process, different tailings physical properties lead to different thickening effects, and the selection of the filling process is greatly different. Particularly, for coarse fraction full tailings, with the improvement of economic and technical indexes and the improvement of a mineral separation process, the fraction of tailings discharged from a mineral separation plant is increasingly finer, the traditional coarse fraction definition does not meet the current situation, the invention defines that full tailings with-200 meshes of tailings being less than or equal to 60 percent are coarse fraction full tailings, and the application of the full tailings in a filling process generally has a plurality of problems:
1. one application of coarse fraction full tailings in a packing process is as follows: coarse fraction full tailings are removed with some finer materials through a cyclone classifier to form classified tailings which are directly sent to a vertical sand silo or a thickener for thickening and dewatering. The traditional sand silo is used for thickening, dehydrating and storing the graded tailings, the efficiency is lower, and the process is complex; meanwhile, the graded tailing slurry has poor water retention property due to the elimination of fine-particle tailing, is easy to separate and stratify in pipeline transportation, and has the problems of easy collapse of a filling body, serious muddiness of surrounding rocks and the like due to large bleeding after entering a stope and large water drainage workload; and the tailings classification inevitably results in insufficient sources of filling aggregates, and a large amount of overflow tailings are discharged into a tailing pond, so that the dam piling difficulty of a tailing dam is increased, and the dam break risk is improved.
2. Another application of coarse fraction full tailings in the packing process is as follows: pumping the coarse fraction full tailings from a dressing plant directly into a deep cone thickener, adding a flocculating agent for thickening and dewatering to generate high-concentration underflow slurry. Although the mode improves the tailing utilization rate compared with the mode 1, the flocculation sedimentation speed is high due to the fact that the content of coarse-grained tailing is high, a large amount of coarse-grained tailing rapidly sinks to the bottom in the thickener and gathers near the rake frame, and slurry near the rake frame of the thickener loses fluidity wholly or locally, so that the running resistance of the stirring mud scraper is increased, the overload protection of the driving motor is triggered, the stirrer is automatically stopped, and the deep cone rake pressing accident happens.
Therefore, the application of coarse fraction full tailings to paste filling has practical significance, wherein the key point is how to improve the utilization rate of tailings and solve the problem of thickener rake pressing caused by coarse tailings particles. In view of the defects of the coarse fraction full tailings filling process, a new coarse fraction full tailings paste filling process is needed, the process is simple, the cost is low, coarse fraction full tailings can be used for paste filling to the maximum extent, the tailing utilization rate is improved, and the filling effect is ensured; meanwhile, the problem that the pressing rake and the filling slurry are easy to separate and layer due to the thickening of coarse fraction tailings can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a coarse fraction full tailing paste filling method, which is used for underground mines mined by using a coarse fraction tailing paste filling method.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1: conveying coarse fraction full tailings of a dressing plant to a cyclone classifier, setting a certain particle size within 125-175 mu m as a classification boundary line, and classifying to obtain overflow fine tailing mortar and underflow coarse particle tailing mortar;
s2: sending the underflow coarse-particle tail mortar obtained in the step S1 into a buffer storage for storage, and naturally settling the coarse-particle tail mortar to obtain high-concentration underflow slurry I;
s3: conveying the overflow fine tailing slurry obtained in the step S1 to a deep cone thickener, and adding an optimal flocculant suitable for flocculation and sedimentation of the overflow fine tailing slurry for thickening and dewatering to obtain high-concentration underflow slurry II;
s4: the high-concentration underflow slurry I and the high-concentration underflow slurry II obtained in the S2 and the S3 are conveyed to a stirring system through a metering device and an underflow pump according to the classification proportion of coarse tailings and fine tailings defined by the classification boundary line of S1; (i.e. the proportion of coarse tailings and fine tailings in the process is the same as the proportion of underflow coarse-particle tailings and overflow fine tailings in S1);
s5: according to the design strength of the filling body, the cementing material is metered according to the ash-sand ratio of 1:8-1:12, then is conveyed to a stirring system through a screw conveyor, and is uniformly stirred with two high-concentration slurry conveyed to the stirring system by S4 to form paste;
s6: and (4) according to the filling multiple line, sending the paste filling slurry obtained in the step (S5) to the underground goaf for filling through self-flow or pump pressure.
Wherein the coarse fraction full-tailing mortar in the S1 is full-tailing with-200-mesh tailing content less than or equal to 60%.
The classification boundary line in the S1 is set to meet the requirement that the-200-mesh content in the overflow fine tail mortar obtained by classification is 60-70%.
In order to avoid abrasion of coarse particles to a pipeline and increase the maintenance cost of equipment in the process of remotely conveying underflow coarse particle slurry of the cyclone classifier, the cyclone classifier in S1 is arranged at the top of the buffer bin, so that the underflow coarse particles of the cyclone classifier directly enter the buffer bin, and the abrasion of underflow conveying to the pipeline is avoided.
The buffer bin is designed into a cone-shaped straight-barrel bin with the bottom cone angle of 70 degrees.
The metering device in the S4 comprises a concentration meter and a flow meter.
The bottom of the buffer bin in the S3 is matched with a fluidization slurry making device, so that the conveying requirement that high-concentration bottom flow is conveyed to a stirring system is met.
In practical applications, the cyclone classifier may be a cyclone classifier bank.
In the method, the deep cone thickener and the buffer bin are provided with automatic metering devices to establish an automatic paste filling control system.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the scheme, the paste filling slurry preparation system using the cyclone classifier, the deep cone thickener and the buffer bin is used, so that the full utilization of coarse fraction tailings is realized, the current situation that the coarse fraction tailings are used for filling and fine fraction tailings are discharged to a tailing pond for damming in the traditional classification tailing filling technology is changed, the utilization rate of the tailings is improved, and the construction of a tailless and wasteless mine is facilitated; compared with the traditional classification tailing filling method, the coarse fraction full tailing paste body is filled, overflow generated by cyclone classification is flocculated and settled through a deep cone thickener to form high-concentration underflow slurry, and the high-concentration underflow slurry is finally homogenized, mixed and stirred with the coarse fraction underflow of a buffer bin to form the paste body which is not layered, isolated and dehydrated. Fundamentally avoids the problems of collapse of a filling body, serious mudlining of surrounding rocks and the like caused by poor water retention, easy segregation and layering and large amount of bleeding after entering a stope of the traditional graded tailing slurry. The coarse fraction full tailings paste filling system with the deep cone thickener and the buffer bin as cores ensures that coarse fraction tailings do not enter the deep cone thickener while ensuring that higher underflow concentration is obtained, and avoids rake pressing accidents of the deep cone thickener caused by too fast sedimentation of the coarse fraction tailings; the coarse fraction full tailing paste preparation system can enable the deep cone thickener to operate at a high material level, and a certain mud layer height is ensured; and meanwhile, the storage capacity of the buffer bin is matched, so that the filling production capacity can be greatly improved, and continuous filling is realized. In addition, the system has low equipment investment cost and high efficiency, realizes the full and comprehensive utilization of the tailings, and achieves the effect of filling the coarse fraction full tailing paste. A series of problems of ecological environment, safety and cost caused by a tailing pond are fundamentally avoided; and the main equipment is mature in application, is common equipment of the existing paste filling system, and is beneficial to the reconstruction of the traditional process of the established project, so that the popularization value is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of the coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a coarse fraction full tailing paste filling method aiming at the problems of easy rake pressing of a thickener, poor filling body effect and the like in the existing coarse fraction full tailing filling process.
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the steps of:
s1: conveying coarse fraction full tailings of a dressing plant to a cyclone classifier, setting a certain particle size within 125-175 mu m as a classification boundary line, and classifying to obtain overflow fine tailing mortar and underflow coarse particle tailing mortar;
s2: sending the underflow coarse-particle tail mortar obtained in the step S1 into a buffer storage for storage, and naturally settling the coarse-particle tail mortar to obtain high-concentration underflow slurry I;
s3: conveying the overflow fine tailing slurry obtained in the step S1 to a deep cone thickener, and adding an optimal flocculant suitable for flocculation and sedimentation of the overflow fine tailing slurry for thickening and dewatering to obtain high-concentration underflow slurry II;
s4: the high-concentration underflow slurry I and the high-concentration underflow slurry II obtained in the S2 and the S3 are conveyed to a stirring system through a metering device and an underflow pump according to the classification proportion of coarse tailings and fine tailings defined by the classification boundary line of S1;
s5: according to the design strength of the filling body, the cementing material is metered according to the ash-sand ratio of 1:8-1:12, then is conveyed to a stirring system through a screw conveyor, and is uniformly stirred with two high-concentration slurry conveyed to the stirring system by S4 to form paste;
s6: and (4) according to the filling multiple line, sending the paste filling slurry obtained in the step (S5) to the underground goaf for filling through self-flow or pump pressure.
In practical application, when filling is needed, two kinds of thick products obtained from S2 and S3 are conveyed to a stirring barrel through a metering device (a concentration meter and a flow meter) through a underflow pump and are mixed with a cementing material to prepare a non-layering, non-segregation and non-bleeding paste, and the paste is conveyed to a downhole filling empty area through gravity flow or pump pressure according to the size of a filling multiple line; when the filling is not needed, the deep cone thickener and the buffering sand silo have certain material storage capacity, so that the continuous filling capacity of coarse fraction full tailings is greatly improved, and the contradiction between continuous tailing discharge and underground intermittent filling is solved.
The coarse-grained full tailings paste filling system with the deep cone thickener and the buffer bin as cores ensures that higher underflow concentration is obtained, and fundamentally avoids the problems of collapse of a filling body, serious mudstone argillization and the like caused by poor water retention, easy segregation and layering and large amount of bleeding after entering a stope of the traditional graded tailings slurry; meanwhile, coarse fraction tailings are prevented from entering the deep cone thickener, and rake pressing accidents of the deep cone thickener, which are caused by the fact that coarse fraction tailings are settled too fast, are avoided.
The following description is given with reference to specific examples.
The specific gravity gamma of the whole tailings of the coarse fraction of a lead-zinc ore is 2.73, the specific gravity gamma of minus 20 mu m reaches 25.8 percent, the specific gravity gamma of minus 74 mu m is only 44.6 percent and is far less than 60 percent, the tailings belong to tailings with high coarse particle content, and the tailings are in a paste state when the slurry concentration of the whole tailings reaches more than 74 percent. In actual production, because the whole tailings are thick, the particle settling speed is high, a large amount of coarse-particle tailings are accumulated near a deep cone thickener rake frame to form a non-flowing bulk region, the torque of the rake frame is increased, and rake pressing accidents sometimes occur. The thickener can only keep low material level operation, the filling efficiency is low, and the filling concentration does not reach the standard; meanwhile, coarse-grained tailing slurry has poor water retention, filling slurry is easy to separate and layer, the filling strength is low, the filling effect is poor, and the method is not suitable for the traditional classification tailing filling method and deep cone thickener dehydration. Mine tailing output 2432t/d (dry tailings), all used for underground filling, and designed filling capacity of 100-120m3The filling concentration is more than 74%. By adopting the method, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: coarse fraction full-tailing slurry with the concentration of about 20% from a sorting plant is conveyed to a full-tailing paste filling system of a filling station, and the full-tailing slurry is divided into two sections of products through a cyclone classifier group arranged at the top of a buffer bin. Taking 175 mu m as a sectional boundary line, wherein a part of bottom flow with the diameter of +175 mu m accounts for about 30% of coarse fraction full tailings in a dressing plant, and directly entering a buffer bin from a bottom flow port of a cyclone for natural sedimentation and storage for later use; the other part of the-175 mu m fine particles overflows and accounts for about 70 percent of the coarse fraction full tailings, and enters a deep cone thickener for thickening from an overflow port;
step 2: the coarse particle underflow enters a buffer bin with the diameter of 7m multiplied by 15m, tail mortar with the concentration of about 75% is formed after natural sedimentation and dehydration, and the tail mortar is stored for later use;
and step 3: in the overflow fine tail mortar, the content of minus 200 meshes reaches 64 percent, the overflow fine tail mortar completely enters a deep cone thickener with the diameter of phi 12m multiplied by 15m, and a flocculating agent is added for thickening and dewatering to form tail mortar with the concentration of 70-72 percent;
and 4, step 4: when filling requirements exist, conveying the two sections of high-concentration tail mortar subjected to thickening and dehydration by the buffer bin and the deep cone thickener to a stirring barrel by an underflow pump at a certain flow rate according to a grading proportion, and simultaneously adding cement into a cement bin through a screw feeder to mix and stir to form a homogeneous paste without segregation, delamination and dehydration;
and 5: the prepared coarse fraction full tailing paste is conveyed to an underground stope for filling through self-flowing;
after the scheme is put into use, the phenomenon that the rake pressing accident of the thickener is frequent due to the fact that the whole tailings are thick is effectively avoided, the deep cone thickener realizes high material level operation, and the concentration of the filling slurry reaches the standard and is kept stable. Meanwhile, the continuous operation of the thickener can be realized, and the filling efficiency is greatly improved. The filling slurry prepared by the coarse-grained full-tailing paste filling system has strong water-retaining property and better homogeneity, the strength of a filling body is improved, and the underground bleeding is reduced.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: conveying coarse fraction full tailings of a dressing plant to a cyclone classifier, and classifying to obtain overflow fine tailing mortar and underflow coarse particle tailing mortar;
s2: sending the underflow coarse-particle tail mortar obtained in the step S1 into a buffer storage for storage, and naturally settling the coarse-particle tail mortar to obtain high-concentration underflow slurry I;
s3: conveying the overflow fine tail mortar obtained in the step S1 to a deep cone thickener, adding a flocculating agent for thickening and dewatering to obtain high-concentration underflow slurry II;
s4: the high-concentration underflow slurry I and the high-concentration underflow slurry II obtained in the S2 and the S3 are conveyed to a stirring system through a metering device and an underflow pump according to the classification proportion of coarse tailings and fine tailings defined by the classification boundary line of S1;
s5: according to the design strength of the filling body, the cementing material is metered according to the ash-sand ratio of 1:8-1:12, then is conveyed to a stirring system through a screw conveyor, and is uniformly stirred with two high-concentration slurry conveyed to the stirring system by S4 to form paste;
s6: and (4) according to the filling multiple line, sending the paste filling slurry obtained in the step (S5) to the underground goaf for filling through self-flow or pump pressure.
2. The coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coarse fraction full tailings in the S1 are full tailings with-200-mesh tailings content of less than or equal to 60%.
3. The coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the setting of the classification boundary line in the S1 meets the requirement that the content of-200 meshes in the overflow fine tail mortar obtained by classification is 60-70%.
4. The coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the cyclone classifier in the S1 is arranged at the top of the buffer bin, so that underflow coarse particles of the cyclone classifier directly enter the buffer bin, and abrasion of underflow conveying to a pipeline is avoided.
5. The coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the buffer bin in the S3 is a straight-tube bin with a conical bottom structure, and in order to ensure that high-concentration underflow slurry is automatically conveyed, the bottom cone angle is designed to be 70 degrees.
6. The coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the buffer bin in the S3 is matched with a fluidized slurry making device, so that the conveying requirement that high-concentration underflow slurry is conveyed to a stirring system is met.
7. The coarse fraction full tailings paste filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the metering device in the S4 comprises a concentration meter and a flow meter.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114790914A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-26 | 山东黄金矿业科技有限公司充填工程实验室分公司 | Underground space-based mining, selecting, filling and water recycling method and control system |
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