CN114106420A - Preparation method of degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance - Google Patents

Preparation method of degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114106420A
CN114106420A CN202111263025.7A CN202111263025A CN114106420A CN 114106420 A CN114106420 A CN 114106420A CN 202111263025 A CN202111263025 A CN 202111263025A CN 114106420 A CN114106420 A CN 114106420A
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starch
straw
temperature
preparing
degradable
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CN202111263025.7A
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Inventor
郭丽
位欣洋
崔波
邹飞雪
张洪霞
王娜
陶海腾
卢璐
袁超
刘鹏飞
王坤
张金玉
马晨雨
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Qilu University of Technology
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Qilu University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/09Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911Cooling
    • B29C48/9115Cooling of hollow articles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/06Biodegradable
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/08Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00Applications
    • C08L2203/18Applications used for pipes

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of starch improvement production, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the straw is obtained by using starch as a main material, extruding the starch through a die by utilizing the melt blending action of a double-screw extruder and combining a rapid cooling system, and specifically comprises the following steps: adding starch, stearic acid and water into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then filling into a sealed container, and standing for balancing; adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for melt blending, and then extruding a straw through a die head; directly cooling the extruded straw through a rapid cooling system; then the local part of the suction pipe is heated; and cutting the straw, and then aging to obtain the product. The method has the advantages of simple process, short preparation period, low production cost, no need of adding special equipment, suitability for industrial production and safety and no pollution during production.

Description

Preparation method of degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of starch improvement production, in particular to a preparation method of a degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance.
Background
The starch is a natural macromolecular polysaccharide containing polyhydroxy, and has the advantages of wide sources (grains, potatoes, beans and the like), low price (about 0.3 ten thousand yuan/ton), edibility, strong carbon emission reduction capability, capability of completely degrading at a higher speed in a natural environment and the like. Therefore, the starch-based degradable plastics become a class of bio-based degradable plastics which are widely researched at home and abroad. At present, although starch-based degradable materials are applied to other industries such as food and agriculture, starch is only used as an auxiliary material (the content is less than 60%) to be filled or blended in other degradable plastics with higher price, such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene terephthalate-adipate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS), Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polybutylene succinate-adipate (PBSA) and the like, so that the filling/blending type starch-based degradable materials have the problems of high price, poor interface compatibility, large degradable limitation and the like. In recent years, a full starch-based material (starch content > 90%), which may also be called thermoplastic starch (TPS), has become a research hotspot of great interest to scientific researchers due to its advantages of low cost, easy degradation, reproducibility, short regeneration period, and the like. The straw is developed according to the advantages of the starch, has scientificity and practicability in the aspect of straw manufacture, and has wide market prospect. However, the relatively weak hydrophobic property (poor water resistance) and poor mechanical properties (high brittleness, low elongation at break, etc.) of starch severely limit the practical application of the all-starch-based degradable straw. Therefore, the improvement of the hydrophobic property and the mechanical property of the full starch-based degradable straw is a technical bottleneck problem to be broken through at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance, which has low production cost, safety and no pollution.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance is disclosed, the straw is obtained by using starch as a main material, utilizing the melt blending action of a double-screw extruder to extrude through a die and combining a rapid cooling system, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding starch, stearic acid and water into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then placing into a sealed container, standing and balancing until the water is uniformly distributed;
(2) adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for melt blending, and then extruding a straw through a die head;
(3) the extruded straw is directly cooled and cooled by a rapid cooling system, so that the molecules in the straw are oriented and arranged to form a compact crystalline structure, and the mechanical strength and the water resistance of the straw are obviously improved;
(4) after cooling, the temperature of the local part of the straw is returned to realize the disorientation of the starch molecule chain segment so as to obviously improve the toughness and elasticity of the texture;
(5) and cutting the straw, and then aging to obtain the product.
The invention takes starch as a main material (the content of the starch is more than 90 percent), and takes stearic acid and water as auxiliary agents. The starch main material is completely melted and mixed by the extruder, and water and stearic acid are used as plasticizers, so that the melted mixture is smoothly extruded by the extruder, and the lubricating and waterproof effects are achieved.
After the starch mixture is melted, blended and extruded, the starch mixture is immediately cooled by a quick cooling system to form a compact structure with higher molecular arrangement orientation, so that the mechanical strength and the water resistance of the straw are improved; after cooling, the short-time temperature return prevention is adopted to promote molecular chain disorientation of the suction pipe locally, so that the toughness and elasticity of the suction pipe are obviously improved.
The finally prepared straw product has the advantages of strong strength and flexibility, high heat resistance, no swelling and deformation in hot drinks, and use feeling close to that of the traditional plastic straw.
The more preferred technical scheme of this application is:
in the step (1), the starch is cassava starch, and the mass ratio of the starch, the stearic acid and the water is 90-99:10-1: 3-6; placing starch, stearic acid and water in a stirrer, semi-wet stirring for 5-20min, and then placing in a sealed container, standing and balancing for 12-48 h.
More preferably, the mass ratio of the starch, the stearic acid and the water is 98:2:3, the semi-wet stirring time is 10min, and then the mixture is kept stand and balanced for 24 h.
In the step (2), the temperature of the first zone, the second zone and the third zone of the double-screw extruder is 90-110 ℃, the feeding speed is 1-10g/min, and the extrusion speed is 1-10 g/min.
Further preferably, the temperature of the first zone of the double-screw extruder is 90 ℃, the temperature of the second zone is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third zone is 110 ℃, the feeding speed is 8g/min, and the extrusion speed is 7 g/min.
And (3) immediately cooling the extruded suction pipe by using cold air at the temperature of 0-4 ℃, wherein the cooling time is 5-10 min.
Further preferably, the extruded straw is immediately cooled by cold air at 4 ℃ for 5 min.
In the step (4), the suction pipe is locally heated by hot air at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, and the heating time is 5-10 min.
Further preferably, the suction pipe is locally tempered by hot air of 85 ℃, and the tempering time is 8 min.
In the step (5), the straw is cut to 10-13cm, and then the straw is placed in an environment with the temperature of 4-15 ℃ for starch aging crystallization, wherein the aging time is 1-3 days.
Further preferably, the pipette is cut to 13cm and aged at 4 ℃ for 3 days.
Compared with the single extrusion preparation method of the existing starch machine material, the invention utilizes the starch to be extruded and melted by double screws, and then the starch is cooled and blended quickly to be beneficial to molecular orientation, and then the temperature is returned to promote molecular disorientation, so as to obviously improve the mechanical strength, water resistance and toughness and elasticity of the all-starch-based suction pipe, and realize the high-quality performance which the existing starch-based suction pipe material does not have, namely the all-starch-based suction pipe not only has stronger strength and flexibility and higher heat resistance, but also does not swell and deform in hot drinks, and the use feeling of the all-starch-based suction pipe is close to that of the traditional plastic suction pipe.
The main material starch used in the invention has the advantages of wide source, low price, edibility, strong carbon emission reduction capability, capability of being completely degraded in natural environment at a higher speed and the like, and the prepared straw has higher mechanical strength, water resistance and toughness and elasticity, white and semitransparent surface, no bad smell and edibility.
The method has the advantages of simple process, short preparation period, low production cost, no need of adding special equipment, suitability for industrial production and safety and no pollution during production.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an appearance diagram of the inventive all-starch-based straw immersed in cold water (a), normal-temperature water (b) and hot water (c) for 1 hour;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the degradation of an all-starch based straw in soil at different times.
In fig. 2, (a) 10 days; (b) 20 days; (c) 30 days; (d) for 40 days.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific examples to facilitate understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1: preparation method of degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 97% of cassava starch and 3% of stearic acid into the raw materials, adding 3% of water into a stirrer to carry out semi-wet stirring for 20min, and standing and balancing in a sealed container for 12 h;
(2) adding the mixture into an extruder, wherein the temperature of a first zone is 90 ℃, the temperature of a second zone is 105 ℃, the temperature of a third zone is 110 ℃, the feeding speed is 10g/min, and the extrusion speed is 5 g/min;
(3) cooling the molten straw extruded from the die head of the extruder by cold air (1 ℃) for 5 minutes;
(4) after cooling, hot air (80 ℃) temperature return treatment is carried out on the local part of the suction pipe, and the temperature return time is 10 minutes;
(5) cutting the straw to 10cm, and aging and crystallizing the starch at 4 deg.C for 1 day.
Example 2: preparation method of degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 95% of cassava starch and 5% of stearic acid into the raw materials, adding 5% of water into a stirrer to carry out semi-wet stirring for 10min, and standing and balancing in a sealed container for 48 h;
(2) adding the mixture into an extruder, wherein the temperature of a first zone is 100 ℃, the temperature of a second zone is 100 ℃, the temperature of a third zone is 110 ℃, the feeding speed is 8g/min, and the extrusion speed is 10 g/min;
(3) cooling the molten straw extruded from the die head of the extruder by cold air (3 ℃) for 5 minutes;
(4) after cooling, hot air (90 ℃) temperature return treatment is carried out on the local part of the suction pipe, and the temperature return time is 5 minutes;
(5) cutting the straw to 13cm, and aging and crystallizing the starch at 10 deg.C for 2 days.
Example 3: preparation method of degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding 98% of cassava starch and 2% of stearic acid into the raw materials, adding 3% of water into a stirrer to carry out semi-wet stirring for 10min, and standing and balancing in a sealed container for 24 h;
(2) adding the mixture into an extruder, wherein the temperature of a first zone is 95 ℃, the temperature of a second zone is 100 ℃, the temperature of a third zone is 110 ℃, the feeding speed is 8g/min, and the extrusion speed is 7 g/min;
(3) cooling the molten straw extruded from the die head of the extruder by cold air (4 ℃) for 5 minutes;
(4) after cooling, hot air (85 ℃) temperature return treatment is carried out on the local part of the suction pipe, and the temperature return time is 8 minutes;
(5) cutting the straw to 13cm, and aging and crystallizing the starch at 4 deg.C for 3 days.
The straw based on the starch prepared in the above embodiment is tested for mechanical properties, water absorption, toughness and elasticity and degradation, and the straw of embodiment 3 has the best quality and performance.
Compared with the existing commercially available starch-based straw, the mechanical properties of the highly oriented, heat-resistant degradable whole starch-based straw product prepared in example 3 are increased by 54.09% (deformation amount 1.5 mm), 58.23% (deformation amount 2.5 mm), 78.21% (breaking strength), 76.45% (breaking deformation amount), and 132.56% of elastic strength. The water absorption of the straw is reduced by 88.38 percent in cold water (4 ℃), 90.76 percent in normal temperature water (25 ℃) and 121.64 percent in hot water (80 ℃);
the mechanical properties of the product obtained in example 3 were increased by 76.32% (deformation 1.5 mm), 85.03% (deformation 2.5 mm), 92.31% (breaking strength), 96.33% (breaking deformation), and the radial strength after soaking in water was increased by 441.95% (4 ℃) and 638.66% (70 ℃), and the crystallinity was increased by 41.88%. The thermal degradation rate is improved by 67.08%/min (316 ℃), and the soil degradation rate is improved by 69.39% (40 d).
The invention utilizes the double-screw extrusion technology to combine the rapid cooling system and the temperature return method to prepare the all-starch-based degradable straw (the starch content is more than or equal to 98 percent), the raw material cost is lower (0.018 yuan/root), and the straw is a green degradable product and can even be directly eaten.
In the above embodiments, the best mode of the present invention has been described, and it is apparent that many changes can be made under the inventive concept of the present invention. It should be noted here that any changes made under the inventive concept of the present invention shall fall within the protective scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps: the straw is obtained by using starch as a main material, extruding the starch through a die by utilizing the melt blending action of a double-screw extruder and combining a rapid cooling system, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) adding starch, stearic acid and water into a stirrer, uniformly mixing, then placing into a sealed container, standing and balancing until the water is uniformly distributed; (2) adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for melt blending, and then extruding a straw through a die head; (3) directly cooling and cooling the extruded suction pipe by a rapid cooling system; (4) after cooling, the local part of the suction pipe is reheated; (5) and cutting the straw, and then aging to obtain the product.
2. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the starch is cassava starch, and the mass ratio of the starch, the stearic acid and the water is 90-99:10-1: 3-6; placing starch, stearic acid and water in a stirrer, semi-wet stirring for 5-20min, and then placing in a sealed container, standing and balancing for 12-48 h.
3. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the temperature of the first zone, the second zone and the third zone of the double-screw extruder is 90-110 ℃, the feeding speed is 1-10g/min, and the extrusion speed is 1-10 g/min.
4. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) immediately cooling the extruded suction pipe by using cold air at the temperature of 0-4 ℃, wherein the cooling time is 5-10 min.
5. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the suction pipe is locally heated by hot air at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, and the heating time is 5-10 min.
6. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the straw is cut to 10-13cm, and then the straw is placed in an environment with the temperature of 4-15 ℃ for starch aging crystallization, wherein the aging time is 1-3 days.
7. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the starch to the stearic acid to the water is 98:2:3, the semi-wet stirring time is 10min, and then the mixture is kept stand and balanced for 24 h.
8. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the temperature of the first zone of the double-screw extruder is 90 ℃, the temperature of the second zone is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third zone is 110 ℃, the feeding speed is 8g/min, and the extrusion speed is 7 g/min.
9. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the extruded straw was immediately cooled by cold air at 4 ℃ for 5 min.
10. The method for preparing a highly oriented, heat resistant degradable all-starch based drinking straw as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and (3) locally heating the suction pipe by hot air at 85 ℃, wherein the heating time is 8 min.
CN202111263025.7A 2021-10-28 2021-10-28 Preparation method of degradable full-starch-based straw with high orientation and heat resistance Pending CN114106420A (en)

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CN115746406A (en) * 2022-11-24 2023-03-07 青岛农业大学 Starch straw and preparation method thereof
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CN115819850A (en) * 2022-12-12 2023-03-21 齐鲁工业大学 Biodegradable resin for film blowing and preparation method thereof

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