CN114104252A - Manned airship mechanical control type ballast system - Google Patents

Manned airship mechanical control type ballast system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114104252A
CN114104252A CN202111327642.9A CN202111327642A CN114104252A CN 114104252 A CN114104252 A CN 114104252A CN 202111327642 A CN202111327642 A CN 202111327642A CN 114104252 A CN114104252 A CN 114104252A
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China
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water
airship
water tank
pipe
manned
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CN202111327642.9A
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陆晓
周雷
庞成龙
李辉
付莹波
罗朋
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China Special Vehicle Research Institute
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China Special Vehicle Research Institute
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64BLIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/06Rigid airships; Semi-rigid airships
    • B64B1/38Controlling position of centre of gravity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64BLIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/06Rigid airships; Semi-rigid airships

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of floating aircrafts, and relates to a mechanical control type ballast system of a manned airship. The method comprises the following steps: the water tank, a water feeding pipe, a water feeding opening cover, a water discharging rod, a steel cable, a water discharging valve and a liquid level sensor; the water tank is arranged in the manned airship hanging cabin; the bottom of the water tank is provided with a water drain valve, a manned airship console is provided with a water drain rod, and the water drain rod is connected with the water drain valve through a steel cable; when the airship loses motivation and falls suddenly, the airship driver opens the water drain valve through the water drain rod to discharge ballast water in the water tank to the outside of the nacelle so as to slow down the descending speed of the airship; the filler pipe sets up at the water tank top, and filler pipe one end is connected with the water tank, and the other end is connected with filler cap, filler cap seal the filler pipe mouth under the non-state of adding water. The liquid level sensor is in a long rod shape, the length of the liquid level sensor is larger than the height of the water tank, the liquid level sensor is perpendicular to the bottom of the water tank and arranged in the water tank, and the liquid level sensor is used for monitoring the water level height in the water tank and displaying the water level height information on the airship control console.

Description

Manned airship mechanical control type ballast system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of floating aircrafts, and relates to a mechanical control type ballast system of a manned airship.
Background
Manned airships usually adopt the net weight mode of taking off, rely on pulling force and the dynamic lift that the engine provided to realize that the dead weight of airship is lifted off. Under the condition of normal landing, the attitude, the speed and the like of the airship are controlled by a main flight control system or a steering thrust system of the airship, so that the safe landing of the airship is realized. When an engine fails in the air, particularly under the condition that all engines or key engines fail, the airship loses power, if the airship is in a net weight state, the gravity of the airship is greater than the buoyancy of the airship, and under the unpowered condition, the airship can rapidly descend under the action of the gravity of the airship, so that the airship can fall uncontrollably to cause serious accidents. Therefore, the manned airship needs to be provided with a device capable of adjusting the weight of the airship, and the net weight of the airship is reduced when the airship rapidly falls down by controlling the weight of the airship under emergency conditions, so that the vertical falling speed of the airship is controlled, the vertical speed of the airship landing when all engines fail is within a safety limit range, and measures are provided for the safe landing of the airship under the condition that all engines fail.
Adjustment of the airship ballast (or counterweight) may be achieved by adding, removing, throwing or removing ballast carried. The systems used to add or cast ballast in an airship are referred to as ballast systems, and the materials used as jettisonable or dischargeable in the system, such as water, sand or other materials, are referred to as ballast. The ballast used by manned airship is usually fuel oil, water, sand, etc. Because of the flammability of fuel, fuel is generally not used as a disposable ballast in non-emergency situations. At present, the manned airship in China mainly adopts sand as a ballast, and the research on a ballast system for controlling the weight of the airship by adopting water as a medium is less. The invention provides a novel mechanical control type ballast system taking water as a ballast based on the current research situation of a manned airship ballast system, and provides a ballast system which is low in cost, safe, reliable and convenient to adjust for the manned airship by virtue of the characteristics of low cost, easiness in obtaining, no harm to a human body and the environment and the like of the water.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a mechanical control type ballast system of a manned airship, which is suitable for the field of heavy buoyancy control of the floating aircraft technology. Through a set of mechanical device, with the help of the characteristics of low cost, easy acquisition and no harm to human bodies and environment of water, the ballast system with low cost, high safety and convenient adjustment is provided for manned airship.
A manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system comprising: the water tank, a water feeding pipe, a water feeding opening cover, a water discharging rod, a steel cable and a water discharging valve;
the water tank is arranged in the manned airship hanging cabin; the bottom of the water tank is provided with a water drain valve, a manned airship console is provided with a water drain rod, and the water drain rod is connected with the water drain valve through a steel cable; when the airship loses motivation and falls suddenly, the airship driver opens the water drain valve through the water drain rod to discharge ballast water in the water tank to the outside of the nacelle so as to slow down the descending speed of the airship;
the filler pipe sets up at the water tank top, filler pipe one end is connected with the water tank, and the other end is connected with the filler cap, the filler cap seal the filler pipe mouth under the state of non-adding water.
Further, the system further comprises: a liquid level sensor;
the liquid level sensor is in a long rod shape, the length of the liquid level sensor is larger than the height of the water tank, the liquid level sensor is perpendicular to the bottom of the water tank and arranged in the water tank, and the liquid level sensor is used for monitoring the water level height in the water tank and displaying the water level height information on the control console of the airship.
Further, the system further comprises: a breather pipe;
the breather pipe, the breather pipe with add water piping connection, the breather pipe is used for communicateing water tank and external atmosphere.
Further, the system further comprises: the insect-proof net is arranged at the opening of the air pipe.
Further, the system further comprises: a water level display pipe;
the water level display pipe is a transparent hose, is arranged on the outer side wall of the nacelle, and one end of the water level display pipe is communicated with the bottom of the water tank while the other end is communicated with the atmosphere;
the water level display pipe is used for displaying the water level of the water tank outside the nacelle.
Further, the system also comprises a water level scale;
the water level dividing ruler is arranged on the outer side wall of the nacelle and is arranged side by side with the water level display pipe; the water level scale zero scale aligns the water tank bottom, the water level scale is used for ground service personnel to show water level height and reads water tank water level height from the water level scale according to the water level display pipe.
Furthermore, the water drain rod is provided with a plurality of gears for adjusting the opening size of the water drain valve.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a water discharging rod locking mechanism; the water discharging locking mechanism is used for locking the water discharging rod to prevent misoperation.
Further, the minimum value calculation formula of the radius R of the water drain valve is as follows:
Figure BDA0003347499790000031
wherein V is the volume of water in the water tank; t is the emptying time of water in the water tank; u is a flow coefficient, and is 0.6-0.7; pi is the circumference ratio; g is the acceleration of gravity; h is the maximum water level height of the water tank.
The invention has the following effects:
the invention provides a manned airship mechanical control type ballast system, which adopts common non-corrosive water as a ballast, and a pilot controls a water drain rod to open or close a water drain valve to drain a water tank by manually operating the water drain rod, so that the ballast weight of a floating aircraft is adjusted, a new method and an idea are provided for realizing the weight adjustment of the manned airship and improving the safety of the manned airship, and the prospect is wide. The effect is as follows:
a system for regulating the weight of a flying aircraft using water as ballast is proposed. The system utilizes a whole set of equipment such as a water tank, a water discharging rod, a steel cable and a water discharging valve, and a pilot manually operates the water discharging rod to control the water discharging valve to discharge water, so that the weight of the aerostat is adjusted, the system is simple in structure, and the operation of personnel is convenient. The system adopts pure mechanical structure, and the valve that drains does not have the uncontrollable risk of outage, and the reliability is high. The water discharging rod is provided with a locking mechanism, so that the accidental opening of the water discharging valve for water discharging caused by misoperation of personnel can be avoided, and the operation safety is improved. The water is used as a medium for adjusting the ballast weight of the floating aircraft, and has the characteristics of low cost, convenient acquisition, no harm to human bodies and environment, safety, environmental protection and the like. Therefore, the manned airship mechanical control type ballast system taking water as the ballast has high safety and reliability, low use cost and convenience in use.
The system is provided with two sets of different water tank water quantity display devices, and the liquid level sensor displays water quantity information in a driver for the pilot to refer to; the water level display pipe and the water level dividing ruler are arranged near the water filling port, so that ground staff can know the water quantity of the water tank immediately; two different water quantity display modes, simple equipment and perfect functions, and provide convenience for different operators. The water discharging rod controlled by a pilot has a plurality of gears, and the water discharging rod is operated to be arranged in different gears, so that the opening size of the water discharging valve can be controlled, and the water discharging speed can be adjusted. When the airship loses power and falls down emergently, the airship is quickly released with water through the maximum gear to slow down the falling speed of the airship, so that time is won for safe landing of the airship; when the normal landing speed of the airship is too high, the airship is assisted to land stably by slowly discharging water at a low gear to control the descending speed of the airship. The utility model has the advantages of the many gears of the pole that drains are adjusted and have expanded ballast system's service function, use ballast system to carry out weight adjustment and provide multiple selection for the pilot according to different situation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mechanically operated ballast system of a manned airship;
in the figure, a water tank 1, a water feeding pipe 2, a water feeding opening cover 3, a vent pipe 4, an insect-proof net 5, a water level graduated scale 6, a water level display pipe 7, a liquid level sensor 8, a water discharging valve 9, a steel cable 10, a water discharging rod 11, a water discharging rod locking mechanism 12 and ballast water 13.
Detailed Description
The utility model provides a mechanical type manned airship ballast system, includes structures such as water tank 1, filler pipe 2, filler cap 3, breather pipe 4, fly net 5, water level scale 6, water level display pipe 7, level sensor 8, valve 9 that drains, cable wire 10, the pole 11 that drains, the locking mechanism 12 of the pole that drains, ballast water 13.
The water tank 1 is a water storage device, is arranged in a manned airship hanging cabin and is used for connecting and adding
The water pipe 2, the vent pipe 4, the water level display pipe 7, the liquid level sensor 8, the drain valve 9 and the like play a supporting and fixing role; the water adding pipe 2 provides a channel for the manned airship to add water to the water tank on the ground, and a water adding port is arranged outside the suspended cabin of the aerostat and is convenient to be connected with ground water supply equipment; the water filling port cover 3 seals the water filling port in a non-water-filling state, so that foreign matters are prevented from entering and ballast water in the water tank is prevented from overflowing when the airship flies; the vent pipe 4 is communicated with the water tank and is generally communicated with the outside, so that the air pressure difference inside and outside the water tank is eliminated, the water tank is ensured to drain smoothly, and the height of the vent hole is required to prevent the water drained from the pipe orifice of the airship in each flight attitude from overflowing; the insect-proof net 5 plays a role in protecting the mouth of the ventilating pipe and preventing foreign matters from entering and blocking the mouth of the pipe; the water level graduated scale 6 is arranged near the water level display pipe 7 and recorded with water quantity values of the water tank at different water level heights, and ground staff can directly read the water quantity of the water tank from the water level graduated scale 6 according to the water level height displayed by the water level display pipe 7; the water level display pipe 7 is a transparent hose communicated with the bottom of the water tank and is arranged near the water filling port cover 3 along the outside of the airship nacelle, so that the water level height of the water tank is displayed outside the nacelle; the liquid level sensor 8 is a water quantity measuring device and displays water quantity information of the water tank in a cockpit for reference of a pilot; the water drain valve 9 is a mechanical water drainage device and is arranged at the bottom of the water tank to drain ballast water in the water tank as much as possible; the steel cable 10 is used for connecting the water drain valve 9 and the water drain rod 11 and transmitting the acting force of the water drain rod to the water drain valve to realize the control of the water drain rod on the water drain valve; the water discharging rod 11 is operated by a pilot, and the opening, closing and opening size of the water discharging valve are controlled by a steel cable. The water discharging rod has a multi-gear selecting function and is used for adjusting the opening size of the water discharging valve so as to control the water discharging speed of the water tank; the water discharging rod locking mechanism 12 is used for preventing the water discharging valve from being accidentally opened for water discharging due to the misoperation of personnel; the ballast water 13 is usually ordinary non-corrosive water.
Before the airship takes off from the ground, ballast water is added or discharged to the ballast system water tank according to the weight matching requirement of the airship on static and heavy takeoff. When the water tank 1 is pressurized with heavy water, the water filling port cover 3 is taken down, and the ground water supply equipment is connected with the water filling port to pressurize the heavy water. At the in-process that adds the ballast water, the ground service personnel read the ballast water yield of water tank 1 through the water level height who observes water level display pipe 7 and the water level scale 6 that corresponds, add water and reach the specified value to the ballast water yield of water tank 1, finish adding water and break off water supply equipment, cover filler cap 3 and seal. The purpose of accurately adjusting the net balance of the airship before taking off can be realized by adding a proper amount of ballast water into the water tank.
When faults such as engine failure appear in the air flight process of the airship and the airship descends rapidly, the counterweight mass of the airship is required to be reduced by rapidly releasing ballast water in the ballast system water tank 1, and therefore the static gravity of the airship, which generates vertical acceleration, is reduced. The pilot presses down the water discharging rod locking mechanism 12 and operates the water discharging rod 11 to set the maximum gear, at the moment, the water discharging valve 9 is opened to the maximum, and the water tank 1 discharges water quickly. In the water discharging process, a pilot observes the water quantity change of the water tank displayed by the liquid level sensor 8, and the water discharging is closed at a proper time according to the descending speed of the aerostat and the net buoyancy condition of the aerostat. When the water drain valve 9 is closed, a pilot presses the water drain rod locking mechanism 12 and operates the water drain rod 11 to be placed at an initial gear, the water drain valve 9 is closed and sealed, and the water tank 1 finishes discharging ballast water. The ballast water is quickly released under the emergency condition to reduce the static gravity of the airship, the descending speed of the airship can be reduced, the grounding speed of the manned airship during landing is controlled, the impact force of the airship during landing is reduced, and the personnel on the airship are prevented from being injured.
Under the condition of normal landing of the airship, if the descending speed of the airship is too high, water in the water tank can be released as required, so that the descending speed of the airship is controlled within a proper range. At this time, the pilot presses down the water discharging lever locking mechanism 12 and operates the water discharging lever 11 to be placed at a low gear, at this time, the water discharging valve 9 is opened, and the water tank 1 discharges water slowly. In the water discharging process, a pilot observes the change of the ballast water quantity of the water tank displayed by the liquid level sensor 8 and selects to close water discharging at a proper time according to the descending speed condition of the airship. When the water drain valve 9 is closed, a pilot presses the water drain lever locking mechanism 12 and operates the water drain lever 11 to be placed at an initial gear, the water drain valve 9 is closed and sealed, and the water tank 1 finishes water drain. Under the normal landing condition, the water in the water tank is released appropriately, the descending speed of the airship is controlled, the airship can land stably, and the landing safety is guaranteed.
The invention discloses a mechanical control type ballast system of a manned airship, which belongs to the following parts with optimized design and beneficial effects: (1) the system for adjusting the weight of the aerostat by taking water as a ballast is provided, and by means of a whole set of equipment consisting of a water discharging rod, a steel cable and a water discharging valve, a pilot can control the water discharging valve by manually operating the water discharging rod, so that the adjustment of the weight of the aerostat is realized, and the system is simple in structure; (2) the ballast system is of a pure mechanical structure, and the safety and the reliability of the system are high. The water drain valve has no risk of uncontrollable power failure and high reliability. The water discharging rod is provided with a locking mechanism, so that the accidental opening of the water discharging valve for water discharging caused by the misoperation of personnel can be avoided, and the operation safety is improved; (3) the system adopts water as the material of adjusting the empty aircraft ballast that floats, and this ballast is harmless to environment and personnel, and is safe environmental protection. The price of water is cheap and the water is easy to obtain, so that the use cost of the aerostat is reduced; (4) the system is provided with two sets of different water tank water quantity display devices, and the liquid level sensor displays water quantity information in a driver for the pilot to refer to; the water level display pipe and the water level dividing ruler are arranged near the water filling port, so that ground staff can know the water quantity of the water tank immediately; two different water quantity display modes provide convenience for different operators; (5) the water discharging rod is provided with a plurality of gears, the water discharging rod is operated to be arranged in different gears, and the opening size of the water discharging valve can be controlled, so that the water discharging speed is adjusted, and the water discharging speed selection is provided for pilots to discharge water under different conditions.
Method for calculating aperture radius of water drain valve of ballast system
The requirement of item 4.49 of FAAP-8110-2 airship design guidelines is that the average drainage rate Q of the ballast system water tank is more than or equal to 378.5L/min.
According to the design capacity of the water tank, the water level height of the water tank and the water discharge rate requirement of the water tank, the aperture of the water discharge valve can be calculated.
Assuming that the volume of water in the water tank is V, the water emptying time T in the water tank is as follows according to the requirement of the average water drainage rate Q:
Figure BDA0003347499790000071
according to the calculation method of fluid mechanics for non-constant outflow, the emptying time of the outflow of the variable head is equal to twice the time required for the same volume of liquid to flow under the action of the initial head (initial water level height). Namely:
Figure BDA0003347499790000072
Qmax: maximum drainage rate of the tank at the initial water level, m/s.
Since the outlet orifice of the bleeder valve can be approximated as a simple orifice on a thin-walled container, its flow rate formula can be obtained by the Bernoulli equation:
Figure BDA0003347499790000073
u: and the flow coefficient is 0.6-0.7.
A: area of water outlet of water drain valve m2
g: acceleration of gravity, g ═ 9.8m/s2
H: maximum water level height of the water tank.
Because:
A=πR2 (4)
circumference ratio of 3.140
R: radius of water outlet of the water drain valve, m.
In order to meet the requirement that the average water discharge rate of the water tank is not less than 378.5L/min, the minimum value of the radius R of the water discharge valve can be obtained according to the formula as follows:
Figure BDA0003347499790000074
when the airship descends rapidly due to faults such as engine failure and the like, in order to ensure that the airship can land safely, the pilot needs to operate the ballast system to discharge water at the maximum water discharge rate when the airship descends to the ground clearance higher than the minimum water discharge height.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a manned airship mechanical control formula ballast system which characterized in that: the system comprises: the water tank, a water feeding pipe, a water feeding opening cover, a water discharging rod, a steel cable and a water discharging valve;
the water tank is arranged in the manned airship hanging cabin; the bottom of the water tank is provided with a water drain valve, a manned airship console is provided with a water drain rod, and the water drain rod is connected with the water drain valve through a steel cable; when the airship loses motivation and falls suddenly, the airship driver opens the water drain valve through the water drain rod to discharge ballast water in the water tank to the outside of the nacelle so as to slow down the descending speed of the airship;
the filler pipe sets up at the water tank top, filler pipe one end is connected with the water tank, and the other end is connected with the filler cap, the filler cap seal the filler pipe mouth under the state of non-adding water.
2. The manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system of claim 1, wherein: the system further comprises: a liquid level sensor;
the liquid level sensor is in a long rod shape, the length of the liquid level sensor is larger than the height of the water tank, the liquid level sensor is perpendicular to the bottom of the water tank and arranged in the water tank, and the liquid level sensor is used for monitoring the water level height in the water tank and displaying the water level height information on the control console of the airship.
3. The manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system of claim 2, further comprising: a breather pipe;
the breather pipe, the breather pipe with add water piping connection, the breather pipe is used for communicateing water tank and external atmosphere.
4. The manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system of claim 3, wherein: the system further comprises: the insect-proof net is arranged at the opening of the air pipe.
5. The manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system of claim 1, wherein: the system further comprises: a water level display pipe;
the water level display pipe is a transparent hose, is arranged on the outer side wall of the nacelle, and one end of the water level display pipe is communicated with the bottom of the water tank while the other end is communicated with the atmosphere;
the water level display pipe is used for displaying the water level of the water tank outside the nacelle.
6. The manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system of claim 5, wherein: the system also includes a water level scale;
the water level dividing ruler is arranged on the outer side wall of the nacelle and is arranged side by side with the water level display pipe; the water level scale zero scale aligns the water tank bottom, the water level scale is used for ground service personnel to show water level height and reads water tank water level height from the water level scale according to the water level display pipe.
7. The manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system of claim 1, wherein: the water drain rod is provided with a plurality of gears and used for adjusting the opening size of the water drain valve.
8. The manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system of claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a water discharging rod locking mechanism; the water discharging locking mechanism is used for locking the water discharging rod to prevent misoperation.
9. The manned airship mechanically-operated ballast system of claim 1, wherein: the minimum value calculation formula of the radius R of the water drain valve is as follows:
Figure FDA0003347499780000021
wherein V is the volume of water in the water tank; t is the emptying time of water in the water tank; u is a flow coefficient, and is 0.6-0.7; pi is the circumference ratio; g is the acceleration of gravity; h is the maximum water level height of the water tank.
CN202111327642.9A 2021-11-10 2021-11-10 Manned airship mechanical control type ballast system Pending CN114104252A (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2557606Y (en) * 2002-06-11 2003-06-25 胡加江 Two-position slide switch
CN2564631Y (en) * 2002-08-29 2003-08-06 关树桐 Side cock cistern water-saver
RU2322961C1 (en) * 2006-08-07 2008-04-27 Владимир Георгиевич Ковалев Rescue and evacuation system
CN103343564A (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-10-09 钟琍琳 Pedal drainage valve of toilet bowl water tank
CN105059524A (en) * 2015-07-29 2015-11-18 骆银成 Micropower hovering recreational vehicle
CN108928456A (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-12-04 温州大学 The large-scale or compact ultra-large type rigid or half rigid big voyage dirigible of high speed
CN111017184A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-17 湖南航天远望科技有限公司 Liquid storage device for aerostat
CN213741387U (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-07-20 上海三凯工程咨询有限公司 Storage water tank early warning device for construction

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2557606Y (en) * 2002-06-11 2003-06-25 胡加江 Two-position slide switch
CN2564631Y (en) * 2002-08-29 2003-08-06 关树桐 Side cock cistern water-saver
RU2322961C1 (en) * 2006-08-07 2008-04-27 Владимир Георгиевич Ковалев Rescue and evacuation system
CN103343564A (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-10-09 钟琍琳 Pedal drainage valve of toilet bowl water tank
CN105059524A (en) * 2015-07-29 2015-11-18 骆银成 Micropower hovering recreational vehicle
CN108928456A (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-12-04 温州大学 The large-scale or compact ultra-large type rigid or half rigid big voyage dirigible of high speed
CN111017184A (en) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-17 湖南航天远望科技有限公司 Liquid storage device for aerostat
CN213741387U (en) * 2020-10-29 2021-07-20 上海三凯工程咨询有限公司 Storage water tank early warning device for construction

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