CN114100324A - Carbon dioxide capture process and equipment - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide capture process and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114100324A CN114100324A CN202111505133.0A CN202111505133A CN114100324A CN 114100324 A CN114100324 A CN 114100324A CN 202111505133 A CN202111505133 A CN 202111505133A CN 114100324 A CN114100324 A CN 114100324A
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 404
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 pregnant solution Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007728 cost analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035425 carbon utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002153 concerted effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1418—Recovery of products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a carbon dioxide capture process, which comprises the following steps: for the capture and liquefaction process of the carbon dioxide in the gas mixture containing the carbon dioxide, a steam turbine is adopted to drive one or more of a fan, a compressor and a refrigerator in the carbon dioxide capture equipment; and the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine is used for heating the regeneration equipment. The invention also provides a carbon dioxide liquefaction process, which comprises the following steps: in the process of liquefying the gas mixture containing the carbon dioxide, a steam turbine is adopted to drive one or two of a compressor and a refrigerator in the carbon dioxide liquefying equipment, and waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine is recycled. The invention also provides a carbon dioxide capturing device and a carbon dioxide liquefying device, and the carbon dioxide capturing process and the carbon dioxide capturing device can reduce the energy consumption and the energy cost of carbon capturing and liquefying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering equipment, in particular to a carbon dioxide capture process and equipment.
Background
Climate change is a global problem faced by human beings, all countries in the world reduce emission of greenhouse gases in a global concerted manner, and fossil energy sources are also main bodies of energy source use in the world for a long time, so carbon capture carbon sequestration carbon utilization (CCUS) is the most direct and effective carbon emission reduction. The basic process of carbon capture is as follows, flue gas or other carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas enters an absorption tower from the lower part, absorbent enters the absorption tower from the upper part, the absorbent absorbs carbon dioxide in the flue gas, the absorbent containing carbon dioxide becomes rich liquid, the rich liquid enters a regeneration tower or other regeneration equipment for heating, the carbon dioxide is released from the rich liquid, the regenerated rich liquid is called lean liquid, and the lean liquid enters the absorption tower again. And discharging the carbon dioxide from the regeneration tower or other regeneration equipment, compressing the carbon dioxide in a compressor, liquefying the carbon dioxide at low temperature, and storing the carbon dioxide in a low-temperature storage tank. In the process, the regeneration of the rich solution into the barren solution and the compression of the carbon dioxide are high-energy-consumption processes, and a large amount of steam is consumed in the regeneration process; the electric consumption of three large motors of a fan for air inlet of the absorption tower, a compressor for a compression process and a refrigerator for a low-temperature liquefaction process accounts for over eighty percent of the whole process link, so that the carbon capture cost is high. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption for carbon capture is a key to the CCUS.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carbon dioxide capture process and equipment, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and reducing the energy consumption and cost of carbon capture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a carbon dioxide capture process, which comprises the following steps:
for the capture and liquefaction process of the carbon dioxide in the gas mixture containing the carbon dioxide, a steam turbine is adopted to drive one or more of a fan, a compressor and a refrigerator in the carbon dioxide capture equipment; and the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine is recycled.
Preferably, the rich liquid is heated by discharging the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine to a regeneration facility in the carbon dioxide capture facility.
Preferably, a phase transfer absorbent is used to capture carbon dioxide from the gas mixture.
Preferably, when the total amount of the residual heat steam generated by the steam turbine for driving the compressor, the steam turbine for driving the fan and the steam turbine for driving the refrigerating machine is less than 1.2 times of the steam amount required by the regeneration equipment, three steam turbines are adopted to drive the compressor, the fan and the refrigerating machine respectively;
when the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the three turbines is 1.2 times of the steam amount required by the regeneration equipment, but the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the turbine for driving the compressor and the turbine for driving the refrigerating machine is less than 1.2 times of the steam amount required by the regeneration equipment, only two turbines are adopted to drive the compressor and the refrigerating machine respectively;
when the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine for driving the compressor and the steam turbine for driving the refrigerating machine is more than 1.2 times of the steam amount required by the regeneration equipment, only the steam turbine for driving the centrifugal compressor or the screw compressor is adopted.
Preferably, the turbine power for driving the compressor is 1000-12000 kw, the turbine power for driving the fan is 500-6000 kw, and the turbine power for driving the refrigerator is 500-6000 kw;
the steam turbine is a steam extraction condensing steam turbine or a back pressure steam turbine;
preferably, when the power of the steam turbine is more than 1500kw, the extraction condensing steam turbine is adopted, the rotation speed of the extraction condensing steam turbine is 3000-8000 rpm, the steam inlet temperature is 350-550 ℃, the steam inlet pressure is 2.2-5.0 MPa, the steam extraction pressure is 0.4-1.3 MPa, the steam exhaust pressure is 0.003-0.01 MPa, the steam inlet amount is 7.5-12 kg/kw, the steam extraction amount is 4.1-8 kg/kw, and the steam consumption is 7.5-10.8 kg/kw.h;
when the power of the steam turbine is below 2000kw, the back pressure steam turbine is adopted, the rotating speed of the back pressure steam turbine is 5000-8000 rpm, the steam inlet temperature is 330-450 ℃, the steam inlet pressure is 2.0-4.0 MPa, the steam exhaust pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa, the steam inlet amount is 12-16 kg/kw, and the steam consumption is 12-16 kg/kw.h;
preferably, the waste heat steam is superheated steam extracted from a steam extraction opening of a steam extraction condensing steam turbine or superheated steam discharged from a steam exhaust opening of a back pressure steam turbine, the superheated steam is adjusted to be saturated steam with the pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa by a steam generator, and the saturated steam and the steam generated by the steam generator are converged and then enter an air inlet of regeneration equipment.
Preferably, the superheated steam enters a tube pass of an inner coil of the steam generator, so that the steam generator can generate 0.1-0.3 MPa of saturated steam, the 0.1-0.3 MPa of saturated steam and the 0.3-0.5 MPa of saturated steam are collected through a Venturi tube, and one ton of the waste heat steam can generate 0.1-0.3 ton of the saturated steam;
preferably, the centrifugal compressor is a single-shaft centrifugal compressor or a multi-shaft centrifugal compressor, the multi-shaft centrifugal compressor adopts a main shaft to transmit power to a split shaft of each stage of compressor through a gear combination, the multi-shaft centrifugal compressor is a two-shaft centrifugal compressor or a three-shaft centrifugal compressor, the main shaft is connected with a steam turbine, the outlet pressure of the centrifugal compressor is 1.6-2.5 MPa, and the air inflow of the centrifugal compressor is 4000-70000 Nm3H; the screw compressor is a two-stage screw compressor, the main shaft is adopted to transmit power to a split shaft of the two-stage screw compressor through gear combination, the outlet pressure of the screw compressor is 1.6-2.5 MPa, and the air inflow of the screw compressor is 4000-20000 Nm3/h。
The invention also provides a carbon dioxide liquefaction process, which comprises the following steps:
for the process of liquefying the gas mixture containing the carbon dioxide, a steam turbine is adopted to drive one or two of a compressor and a refrigerator in the carbon dioxide liquefying equipment; and recycling the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine.
The present invention also provides a carbon dioxide liquefaction apparatus comprising: the compressor is used for compressing a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide, an outlet of the compressor is communicated with an inlet of the refrigerator, the refrigerator is used for condensing the compressed gas mixture into a liquid state, the compressor is a centrifugal compressor or a screw compressor, the compressor is driven by the steam turbine to work, or the compressor and the refrigerator are driven by the steam turbine to work.
The present invention also provides a carbon dioxide capture apparatus comprising: the absorption tower is internally used for introducing mixed gas with carbon dioxide, an absorbent capable of absorbing the carbon dioxide is arranged in the absorption tower, the regeneration equipment is used for heating the absorbent containing the carbon dioxide, namely pregnant solution, and releasing the carbon dioxide, the fan is used for guiding the mixed gas containing the carbon dioxide into the absorption tower, the compressor is used for compressing the carbon dioxide, an outlet of the compressor is communicated with an inlet of the refrigerator, the refrigerator is used for condensing the compressed carbon dioxide into liquid, the compressor is a centrifugal compressor or a screw compressor, the compressor is driven by the steam turbine to work, or the compressor and the refrigerator are driven by the steam turbine to work, or the compressor, the refrigerator and the compressor are driven by the steam turbine to work, or the compressor, the fan, the compressor, the refrigerator and the fan are connected in series, and the fan is used for cooling the carbon dioxide, The refrigerating machine and the fan are driven by the steam turbine to work, and waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine is used for recycling.
Preferably, the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine can be introduced into the regeneration equipment to heat the rich solution.
Preferably, the absorbent is a phase transfer absorbent.
Preferably, the absorption tower is communicated with the regeneration device through a first pipeline, the absorbent absorbing carbon dioxide is a rich liquid, the rich liquid can flow into the regeneration device through the first pipeline, the regeneration device is used for heating the rich liquid and releasing carbon dioxide gas, the regeneration device is communicated with the compressor through a second pipeline, and the carbon dioxide flows to the compressor through the second pipeline; and waste heat steam generated by the plurality of steam turbines is discharged to the regeneration equipment to heat the rich solution.
Preferably, the regeneration device further comprises a heat exchanger, the regeneration device is communicated with the absorption tower through a third pipeline, a cold medium channel and a heat medium channel of the heat exchanger are respectively connected in series with the first pipeline and the third pipeline, and the heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat of liquid in the third pipeline to rich liquid in the first pipeline.
Preferably, the system further comprises a steam regenerator, steam outlets of a plurality of steam turbines are respectively communicated with inlets of the steam regenerator through a plurality of fourth pipelines, one steam turbine corresponds to one fourth pipeline, and an outlet of the steam regenerator is communicated with the regeneration equipment through a fifth pipeline.
Preferably, the steam regenerator comprises a venturi tube and a steam generator, the steam outlet of the steam turbine is communicated with the inlet of the steam generator through a plurality of fourth pipelines, two steam outlets of the steam generator are communicated with the venturi tube through two sixth pipelines, and the outlet of the venturi tube is communicated with the regeneration equipment through a fifth pipeline.
Preferably, the device further comprises a carbon dioxide storage tank, and the carbon dioxide condensed into liquid state is discharged to the carbon dioxide storage tank for storage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the carbon dioxide capturing equipment and the capturing process provided by the invention adopt the steam turbine to drive one or more of a fan, a compressor and a refrigerator in the carbon dioxide capturing equipment; the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine is recycled, the low-level energy is used for replacing the high-level energy, and the generated waste heat steam can be recycled, so that the energy consumption of the whole equipment is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a carbon dioxide capture plant provided in example four;
in the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-absorption tower, 2-fan, 3-heat exchanger, 4-steam turbine, 5-refrigerator, 6-compressor, 7-regeneration equipment, 8-carbon dioxide storage tank, 9-steam generator, 10-Venturi tube, 11-first pipeline, 12-second pipeline, 13-third pipeline, 14-fourth pipeline and 15-fifth pipeline.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a carbon dioxide capture process and equipment, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art and reducing the energy consumption and energy cost of carbon capture.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
The present embodiment provides a carbon dioxide capture process, comprising:
for the capture and liquefaction process of the carbon dioxide in the gas mixture containing the carbon dioxide, a steam turbine 4 is adopted to drive one or more of a fan 2, a compressor 6 and a refrigerator 5 in the carbon dioxide capture equipment; and the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine 4 is recycled.
In the carbon dioxide capture process provided by the embodiment, the turbine 4 is adopted to drive one or more of the fan 2, the compressor 6 and the refrigerator 5 in the carbon dioxide capture equipment; the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine 4 is recycled, the low-level energy is used for replacing the high-level energy, and the generated waste heat steam can be recycled, so that the energy consumption of the whole equipment is reduced.
Further, the carbon dioxide is captured from the gas mixture by using a phase transfer absorbent, which can greatly reduce the steam consumption of the carbon dioxide distilled off from the regeneration device 7.
Further, when the total amount of the residual heat steam generated by the steam turbine 4 for driving the compressor 6, the steam turbine 4 for driving the fan 2 and the steam turbine 4 for driving the refrigerator 5 is less than 1.2 times of the amount of steam required by the regeneration equipment 7, adopting three steam turbines 4 to respectively drive the compressor 6, the fan 2 and the refrigerator 5;
when the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the three turbines 4 is 1.2 times of the amount of the steam required by the regeneration equipment 7, but the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the turbine 4 for driving the compressor 6 and the turbine 4 for driving the refrigerator 5 is less than 1.2 times of the amount of the steam required by the regeneration equipment 7, only two turbines 4 are adopted to drive the compressor 6 and the refrigerator 5 respectively.
When the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine 4 for driving the compressor 6 and the steam turbine 4 for driving the refrigerator 5 is more than 1.2 times of the amount of the steam required for the regeneration device 7, only the steam turbine 4 for driving the centrifugal compressor or the screw compressor is used.
Further, the power of the steam turbine 4 for driving the compressor 6 is 1000-12000 kw, the power of the steam turbine 4 for driving the fan 2 is 500-6000 kw, and the power of the steam turbine 4 for driving the refrigerator 5 is 500-6000 kw;
the steam turbine 4 is a steam extraction condensing steam turbine or a back pressure steam turbine;
further, when the power of the steam turbine 4 is more than 1500kw, a steam extraction condensing steam turbine is adopted, the rotating speed of the steam extraction condensing steam turbine is 3000-8000 rpm, the steam inlet temperature is 350-550 ℃, the steam inlet pressure is 2.2-5.0 MPa, the steam extraction pressure is 0.4-1.3 MPa, the steam exhaust pressure is 0.003-0.01 MPa, the steam inlet quantity is 7.5-12 kg/kw, the steam extraction quantity is 4.1-8 kg/kw, and the steam consumption is 7.5-10.8 kg/kw.h;
when the power of the steam turbine 4 is below 2000kw, a back pressure steam turbine is adopted, the rotating speed of the back pressure steam turbine is 5000-8000 rpm, the steam inlet temperature is 330-450 ℃, the steam inlet pressure is 2.0-4.0 MPa, the steam exhaust pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa, the steam inlet amount is 12-16 kg/kw, and the steam consumption is 12-16 kg/kw.h;
furthermore, the waste heat steam is superheated steam extracted from a steam extraction opening of the extraction condensing steam turbine or superheated steam discharged from a steam exhaust opening of the back pressure steam turbine, the superheated steam is adjusted to be saturated steam with the pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa by adopting the steam generator 9, and the saturated steam and the steam generated by the steam generator 9 are converged and then enter an air inlet of the regeneration device 7.
Further, superheated steam enters a tube pass of an inner coil of the steam generator 9, so that the steam generator 9 can generate 0.1-0.3 MPa of saturated steam, the saturated steam of 0.1-0.3 MPa and the saturated steam of 0.3-0.5 MPa are collected through the Venturi tube 10, and one ton of waste heat steam can generate 0.1-0.3 ton of saturated steam;
further, the centrifugal compressor is a single-shaft centrifugal compressor or a multi-shaft centrifugal compressor, the power of the multi-shaft centrifugal compressor is transmitted to the split shafts of the compressors at all stages through a gear combination by adopting a main shaft, the multi-shaft centrifugal compressor is a two-shaft centrifugal compressor or a three-shaft centrifugal compressor, the main shaft is connected with a steam turbine 4, the outlet pressure of the centrifugal compressor is 1.6-2.5 MPa, and the air inflow of the centrifugal compressor is 4000-70000 Nm3H; the screw compressor is a two-stage screw compressor, the power is transmitted to the split shaft of the two-stage compressor through the gear combination by adopting the main shaft, the outlet pressure of the screw compressor is 1.6-2.5 MPa, and the air input of the screw compressor is 4000-20000 Nm3/h。
Example two
The embodiment provides a carbon dioxide liquefaction process, which comprises the following steps:
for the process of liquefying the gas mixture containing the carbon dioxide, a steam turbine is adopted to drive one or two of a compressor and a refrigerator in the carbon dioxide liquefying equipment; the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine is recycled, and the process is preferably suitable for liquefying the gas mixture rich in carbon dioxide in the chemical process.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a carbon dioxide liquefaction equipment, is particularly useful for to the gaseous mixture that is rich in carbon dioxide among the chemical process, includes: the compressor 6, the refrigerator 5 and at least one steam turbine 4, the compressor 6 is used for compressing the gas mixture that contains carbon dioxide, the export of compressor 6 and the import of refrigerator 5 communicate, the refrigerator 5 is used for condensing the gas mixture after compressing into liquid, the compressor 6 is centrifugal compressor or screw compressor, the compressor 6 is driven by steam turbine 4 to work, or compressor 6 and refrigerator 5 are driven by steam turbine 4 to work, carry out recycle with the waste heat steam that steam turbine 4 produced, utilize low potential energy to replace high potential energy, and the waste heat steam recycle that produces, and then the energy consumption of whole equipment has been reduced.
Example four
The present embodiment provides a carbon dioxide capturing apparatus suitable for a process of capturing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture or a process of capturing and liquefying carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, a process of capturing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture using a Phase transfer Absorbent (Phase transition Absorbent), or a process of capturing and liquefying carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, including: the absorption tower comprises an absorption tower 1, a regeneration device 7, a fan 2, a compressor 6, a refrigerator 5 and at least one steam turbine 4, wherein mixed gas with carbon dioxide is introduced into the absorption tower 1, an absorbent capable of absorbing carbon dioxide is arranged in the absorption tower 1, the regeneration device 7 is used for heating the absorbent containing carbon dioxide and releasing carbon dioxide gas, the fan 2 is used for guiding the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide into the absorption tower 1, the compressor 6 is used for compressing carbon dioxide gas, an outlet of the compressor 6 is communicated with an inlet of the refrigerator 5, the refrigerator 5 is used for condensing the compressed carbon dioxide gas into liquid, the compressor 6 is a centrifugal compressor or a screw compressor, the compressor 6 is driven by the steam turbine 4 to work, or the compressor 6 and the refrigerator 5 are driven by the steam turbine 4 to work, or the compressor 6, the refrigerator 5 and the fan 2 are driven by the steam turbine 4 to work, the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine 4 is used for recycling, and preferably, the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine 4 can be introduced into the regeneration device 7 to heat the rich solution.
The carbon dioxide capture device provided by the embodiment adopts the steam turbine 4 to drive one or more of the fan 2, the compressor 6 and the refrigerator 5 in the carbon dioxide capture device; the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine 4 is recycled, the low-level energy is used for replacing the high-level energy, and the generated waste heat steam can be recycled, so that the energy consumption of the whole equipment is reduced.
Further, the absorbent is a phase transfer absorbent; the phase transfer absorbent can greatly reduce the steam consumption of the carbon dioxide distilled out from the regeneration device 7.
Further, a spray header is arranged in the absorption tower 1, the spray header is used for spraying an absorbent capable of absorbing carbon dioxide in the mixed gas into the absorption tower 1, the absorption tower 1 is communicated with the regeneration device 7 through a first pipeline 11, the absorbent absorbing carbon dioxide is rich liquid, the rich liquid can flow into the regeneration device 7 through the first pipeline 11, the regeneration device 7 is used for heating the rich liquid and releasing carbon dioxide gas, and the rich liquid releasing carbon dioxide gas becomes lean liquid again. The regeneration device 7 is communicated with the compressor 6 through a second pipeline 12, and carbon dioxide flows to the compressor 6 through the second pipeline 12; the method is different from the existing process for heating the rich solution by using electricity or coal, and the waste heat steam discharged by the steam turbine 4 is used as the optimal heat source of the regeneration process, so that the energy consumption and the energy cost of carbon capture can be greatly reduced.
Further, the carbon dioxide capture device further comprises a heat exchanger 3, the regeneration device 7 is communicated with the absorption tower 1 through a third pipeline 13, a cold medium channel and a heat medium channel of the heat exchanger 3 are respectively connected in series to the first pipeline 11 and the third pipeline 13, and the heat exchanger 3 is used for exchanging heat of liquid in the third pipeline 13 into rich liquid in the first pipeline 11; the heat energy in the barren solution is fully utilized, and the energy consumption is further reduced.
Further, the carbon dioxide capture device further comprises a steam regenerator, steam outlets of the plurality of steam turbines 4 are respectively communicated with inlets of the steam regenerator through a plurality of fourth pipelines 14, one steam turbine 4 corresponds to one fourth pipeline 14, an outlet of the steam regenerator is communicated with the regeneration device 7 through a fifth pipeline 15, and waste heat steam coming out of the steam turbine 4 belongs to supersaturated steam, so that the waste heat steam needs to be discharged into the steam regenerator to be regenerated into saturated steam.
Further, the steam regenerator comprises a venturi tube 10 and a steam generator 9, the steam outlets of the steam turbine 4 are respectively communicated with the inlets of the steam generator 9 through a plurality of fourth pipelines 14, two steam outlets of the steam generator 9 are respectively communicated with the venturi tube 10 through two sixth pipelines, the outlet of the venturi tube 10 is communicated with the regeneration equipment 7 through a fifth pipeline 15, the waste heat steam is the superheated steam extracted from the steam extraction port of the steam extraction condensing turbine or the superheated steam exhausted from the steam exhaust port of the back pressure turbine, the steam generator 9 is adopted to adjust the superheated steam into saturated steam with the pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the steam generated by the steam generator 9 is collected and then enters the air inlet of the regeneration equipment 7.
Further, the carbon dioxide capturing apparatus further includes a carbon dioxide storage tank 8, and the carbon dioxide condensed into a liquid state is discharged to the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 to be stored.
Furthermore, superheated steam enters the tube pass of the inner coil of the steam generator 9, so that the steam generator 9 can generate 0.1-0.3 MPa saturated steam, the 0.1-0.3 MPa saturated steam and the 0.3-0.5 MPa saturated steam are collected through the Venturi tube 10, and one ton of waste heat steam can generate 0.1-0.3 ton of saturated steam.
Further, the centrifugal compressor is a single-shaft centrifugal compressor or a multi-shaft centrifugal compressor, the multi-shaft centrifugal compressor adopts a main shaft to transmit power to the split shafts of the compressors of all stages through a gear combination, the number of the multiple shafts is two or three, the main shaft is connected with the steam turbine 4, the outlet pressure of the centrifugal compressor is 1.6-2.5 MPa, and the air input of the centrifugal compressor is 4000-70000 Nm3H; the screw compressor is a two-stage screw compressor, the power is transmitted to a branch shaft of the two-stage compressor 6 by a main shaft through a gear combination, and the output of the screw compressorThe pressure at the opening is 1.6-2.5 MPa, and the air input of the screw compressor is 4000-20000 Nm3/h。
Further, the power of the steam turbine 4 for driving the compressor 6 is 1000-12000 kw, the power of the steam turbine 4 for driving the fan 2 is 500-6000 kw, and the power of the steam turbine 4 for driving the refrigerator 5 is 500-6000 kw;
the steam turbine 4 is a steam extraction condensing steam turbine or a back pressure steam turbine;
further, when the power of the steam turbine 4 is more than 1500kw, a steam extraction condensing steam turbine is adopted, the rotating speed of the steam extraction condensing steam turbine is 3000-8000 rpm, the steam inlet temperature is 350-550 ℃, the steam inlet pressure is 2.2-5.0 MPa, the steam extraction pressure is 0.4-1.3 MPa, the steam exhaust pressure is 0.003-0.01 MPa, the steam inlet quantity is 7.5-12 kg/kw, the steam extraction quantity is 4.1-8 kg/kw, and the steam consumption is 7.5-10.8 kg/kw.h;
when the power of the steam turbine 4 is below 2000kw, a back pressure steam turbine is adopted, the rotating speed of the back pressure steam turbine is 5000-8000 rpm, the steam inlet temperature is 330-450 ℃, the steam inlet pressure is 2.0-4.0 MPa, the steam exhaust pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa, the steam inlet amount is 12-16 kg/kw, and the steam consumption is 12-16 kg/kw.h.
Examples of specific applications are as follows:
EXAMPLE five
Design scheme for adopting MEA (membrane electrode assembly) absorbent in annual 13 ten thousand ton carbon dioxide capture project
The yield of carbon dioxide in the regeneration tower is as follows: 17T/h, i.e. gas flow 8500Nm3H is used as the reference value. 1.4 tons of steam are needed for each ton of carbon dioxide, namely 23.8 tons of steam are needed for each hour, and the steam parameters are as follows: 0.3 to 0.5 MPa.
The shaft power of the equipment meeting the process requirements is as follows:
the shaft power of the fan is 691kw, the shaft power of the refrigerator is 541kw, a single-shaft centrifugal compressor is adopted, and the shaft power of the centrifugal compressor is 1348 kw.
The technological parameters of the centrifugal compressor are as follows: inlet pressure: atmospheric pressure, outlet pressure (gauge pressure): 2.0MPa, carbon dioxide gas inflow: 8500Nm3/h。
The method is characterized in that a steam extraction condensing turbine C1.5-2.35/0.45 is matched with a centrifugal compressor, a back pressure turbine B0.75-2.35/0.29 is matched with a fan, the back pressure turbine B0.6-2.35/0.29 and a refrigerator are adopted, and the operating parameters of the turbines are shown in the following table.
Operating parameters of steam turbine
| Parameter(s) | C1.5-2.35/0.45 | B0.75-2.35/0.29 | B0.6-2.35/0.29 |
| Matching device types | Centrifugal compressor | Fan blower | Refrigerating machine |
| Power kw | 1500 | 750 | 600 |
| Rotational speed rpm | 6500 | 6500 | 6500 |
| Inlet pressure MPa | 2.35 | 2.35 | 2.35 |
| Inlet temperature of steam C | 390 | 390 | 390 |
| Steam admission rate T/h | 18±1.5 | 10.6±0.85 | 9.0±0.68 |
| Pressure of extraction of steam MPa | 0.49 | ||
| The temperature of steam extraction is DEG C | 240 | ||
| Extraction steam volume T/ |
12±0.7 | ||
| Exhaust pressure MPa | 0.008 | 0.294 | 0.294 |
| The temperature of exhaust steam is lower | 240 | 240 | |
| Exhaust steam volume T/h | 10.6 | 9.0 | |
| Rated steam consumption (kg/kw.h) | 10.8 | 14.1 |
The residual heat steam quantity of the three turbines is 12+10.6+9.0 which is 31.6T and exceeds 1.2 times of the steam quantity required by the regeneration tower. Therefore, an extraction condensing steam turbine C1.5-2.35/0.45 is matched with a centrifugal compressor, and a back pressure steam turbine B0.6-2.35/0.29 is selected to be matched with a refrigerating machine.
The waste heat steam volume 12+9 of two steam turbines is 21T, and 21 tons of superheated steam can produce 3 tons of steam through the steam evaporator, produces 24 tons of steam in total, and steam parameter: 0.3 to 0.4 MPa. Can meet the steam quantity requirement of the regeneration tower.
Calculating the steam consumption of carbon dioxide per ton: the steam inlet quantity of the two turbines is 18+9 which is 27 tons, and the steam consumption quantity of each ton of carbon dioxide is 27 ÷ 17 which is 1.59 tons.
Calculating the enthalpy consumption of carbon dioxide per ton: the enthalpy of 390 ℃ and 2.35MPa is 2654kJ/kg, the steam inlet quantity of the two turbines is 18+9 ═ 27T, and the total enthalpy of the two turbines per hour is 7.17 multiplied by 107kJ, enthalpy of carbon dioxide per ton 4.22X 106kJ。
Calculating the power consumption of each ton of carbon dioxide: one fan is driven by a motor, the power of the motor is 800kw, and other equipment consumes 30kw of carbon dioxide per ton. The power consumption per ton of carbon dioxide is 800 ÷ 17+30 ═ 77.1 kw.
Comparative example five
The design scheme for the annual capture of 13 million tons of carbon dioxide without the use of a steam turbine with MEA absorbents is as follows:
the yield of carbon dioxide in the regeneration tower is as follows: 17T/h, i.e. gas flow 8500Nm3H is used as the reference value. 1.4 tons of steam are needed for each ton of carbon dioxide, namely 23.8 tons of steam are needed for each hour, and the steam parameters are as follows: 0.3 to 0.5 MPa. Saturated steam with the pressure of 0.4MPa is adopted for steam supply, and the corresponding enthalpy is calculated as follows: 0.4MPa saturated steam enthalpy is 2739kJ/kg, and carbon dioxide enthalpy per ton is 3.83 multiplied by 106kJ。
The shaft power of the equipment meeting the process requirements is as follows:
fan shaft power 691kw, refrigerator shaft power 541kw, piston compressor shaft power 1351 kw.
The technological parameters of the piston compressor are as follows: inlet pressure: normal pressure, outlet pressure: 2.0MPa, carbon dioxide gas inflow: 8500Nm3/h。
The power of a fan motor is 800kw, the power of a refrigerator motor is 600kw, and the power of a reciprocating compressor motor is 1600 kw. The three parts of electricity consumption make the electricity consumption per ton of carbon dioxide be (800+600+1600) ÷ 17 ═ 176.5 kw. The electricity consumption of other equipment is 60kw per ton of carbon dioxide, namely 176.5+30 206.5kw per ton of carbon dioxide.
Energy consumption comparison
| Conventional solutions | This patent scheme | Comparison results | |
| Carbon dioxide consumption per ton | 1.40 | 1.59 | The steam consumption is increased by 13.6 percent |
| Enthalpy of carbon dioxide per ton | 3.83×106kJ | 4.22×106kJ | The steam energy consumption is increased by 10.2 percent |
| Power consumption per ton of carbon dioxide | 206.5kw | 77.1kw | The power consumption is reduced by 62.7 percent |
Cost analysis is carried out on each ton of carbon dioxide according to market price, and steam price is assumed to be 110 yuan/ton, and electricity price is assumed to be 0.7 yuan/kw.h
Cost comparison of energy consumption per ton of carbon dioxide
EXAMPLE six
Design scheme for adopting MEA absorbent in annual project for capturing 26 ten thousand tons of carbon dioxide
The yield of carbon dioxide in the regeneration tower is as follows: 34T/h, i.e. gas flow 17000Nm3H is used as the reference value. 1.4 tons of steam are needed for each ton of carbon dioxide, namely 47.6 tons of steam are needed for each hour, and the steam parameters are as follows: 0.3 to 0.5 MPa.
The shaft power of the equipment meeting the process requirements is as follows:
the fan shaft power is 1368kw, the refrigerator shaft power is 1078kw, a single-shaft centrifugal compressor is adopted, and the centrifugal compressor shaft power is 2630 kw.
The technological parameters of the centrifugal compressor are as follows: inlet pressure: normal pressure, outlet pressure: 2.0MPa, carbon dioxide gas inflow: 17000Nm3/h。
The steam extracting and condensing turbine C3-2.35/0.64 is matched with a centrifugal compressor, the condensing turbine C1.5-2.35/0.45 is matched with a fan, the condensing turbine B1.2-2.35/0.29 is matched with a refrigerator, and the operating parameters of the turbines are shown in the following table.
Operating parameters of steam turbine
The superheated steam amount of the three turbines is 20+12+15.2 which is 47.2T, 6 tons of superheated steam can be generated by 47.2 tons of superheated steam through the steam evaporator, 53.2 tons of steam are generated in total, and the steam parameters are as follows: 0.3 to 0.4 MPa. 53.2 ÷ 47.6 ÷ 1.12, less than 1.2, three turbines can be used.
Calculating the steam consumption of carbon dioxide per ton: the steam inlet quantity of the three turbines is 29+18+ 15.2-62.2 tons, and the steam consumption quantity per ton of carbon dioxide is 62.2 ÷ 34-1.83 tons.
Enthalpy calculation: the enthalpy of the steam turbine at 390 ℃ and 2.35MPa is 2654kJ/kg, and the total enthalpy of the three turbines per hour is 16.51 multiplied by 107kJ, enthalpy of carbon dioxide per ton 4.86X 106kJ。
Calculating the power consumption of each ton of carbon dioxide: other equipment consumes 30kw of electricity per ton of carbon dioxide.
Comparative example six
Design scheme for annual capture of 26 million tons of carbon dioxide by using MEA absorbent in project without using steam turbine
And the consumption of steam per ton of carbon dioxide, the enthalpy of carbon dioxide and the power consumption per ton of carbon dioxide are the same as the consumption of the fifth comparative example by using two sets of the fifth comparative example.
Energy consumption comparison
| Conventional solutions | This patent scheme | Comparison results | |
| Carbon dioxide consumption per ton | 1.40 | 1.83 | The steam consumption is increased by 38.6 percent |
| Enthalpy of carbon dioxide per ton | 3.83×106kJ | 5.16×106kJ | The steam energy consumption is increased by 34.4 percent |
| Power consumption per ton of carbon dioxide | 206.5kw | 30kw | The power consumption is reduced by 85.4 percent |
Cost analysis is carried out on ton of carbon dioxide according to market price, and steam price is assumed to be 110 yuan/ton, and electricity price is assumed to be 0.7 yuan/kw.h
Cost per ton carbon dioxide comparison
EXAMPLE seven
Design scheme for adopting phase transfer absorbent in annual 13-ten-thousand-ton carbon dioxide capturing project
The carbon dioxide yield of the regeneration equipment: 17T/h, i.e. gas flow 8500Nm3H is used as the reference value. The absorption tower 1 adopts a novel phase transfer absorbent, the regeneration equipment needs 0.8 ton of steam per ton of carbon dioxide, namely 13.6 ton of steam per hour, and the steam parameters are as follows: 0.3 to 0.5 MPa.
The shaft power of the equipment meeting the process requirements is as follows:
the shaft power of the fan is 691kw, the shaft power of the refrigerator is 541kw, a two-shaft centrifugal compressor is adopted, and the shaft power of the centrifugal compressor is 1365 kw.
A two-shaft centrifugal compressor is adopted, and the technological parameters of the centrifugal compressor are as follows: inlet pressure: atmospheric pressure, outlet pressure (gauge pressure): 2.0MPa, carbon dioxide gas inflow: 8500Nm3/h。
A steam turbine adopting extraction condensing steam C1.5-2.35/0.45 is matched with a centrifugal compressor steam turbine, and the operation parameters are shown in the following table.
Operating parameters of steam turbine
The superheated steam quantity of one steam turbine is 12 tons, and the superheated steam of 12 tons can generate 1.8 tons of steam through the steam evaporator, so that the steam quantity requirement of the regeneration tower can be met.
Calculating the steam consumption of carbon dioxide per ton: the steam consumption per ton of carbon dioxide is 18 ÷ 17 ═ 1.06 tons.
Calculating the enthalpy consumption of carbon dioxide per ton: the enthalpy of 390 ℃ and 2.35MPa is 2654kJ/kg, the steam inlet quantity of one turbine is 18T, and the total enthalpy of one turbine per hour is 4.78 multiplied by 107kJ, enthalpy of carbon dioxide per ton 2.81X 106kJ。
Calculating the power consumption of each ton of carbon dioxide: one fan is driven by a motor, the power of the motor is 800kw, the power of the motor of the refrigerating machine is 630kw, and the power of other equipment consumes 50kw of carbon dioxide per ton. The power consumption per ton of carbon dioxide is (800+600) ÷ 17+50 ═ 132.4 kw.
Comparative example seven
Design scheme for annual capture of 13 million tons of carbon dioxide by using phase transfer absorbent without using steam turbine
The carbon dioxide yield of the regeneration equipment: 17T/h, i.e. gas flow 8500Nm3H is used as the reference value. The steam is required to be 0.8 ton per ton of carbon dioxide, and the steam parameters are as follows: 0.3 to 0.5 MPa. Saturated steam with the pressure of 0.4MPa is adopted for steam supply, the steam quantity is 13.6T/h, and the corresponding enthalpy is calculated as follows: 0.4MPa saturated steam enthalpy is 2739kJ/kg, and ton carbon dioxide enthalpy is 2.19 multiplied by 106kJ。
The shaft power of the equipment meeting the process requirements is as follows:
fan shaft power 691kw, refrigerator shaft power 541kw, piston compressor shaft power 1351 kw.
The technological parameters of the centrifugal compressor are as follows: inlet pressure: atmospheric pressure, outlet pressure (gauge pressure): 2.0MPa, carbon dioxide gas inflow: 8500Nm3/h。
The power of a fan motor is 800kw, the power of a refrigerator motor is 600kw, and the power of a reciprocating compressor motor is 1600 kw. The three parts of electricity consumption make the power consumption per ton of carbon dioxide be (800+600+1600) ÷ 17 ═
176.5 kw. The electricity consumption of other equipment is 50kw per ton of carbon dioxide, namely 176.5+50 kw/ton of carbon dioxide is 226.5 kw.
Energy consumption comparison
Cost analysis is carried out on ton of carbon dioxide according to market price, and steam price is assumed to be 110 yuan/ton, and electricity price is assumed to be 0.7 yuan/kw.h
Cost comparison of energy consumption per ton of carbon dioxide
The comparative example shows that the method of the patent has the advantages that: under the condition of increasing the use amount of a small amount of steam, the used electric quantity can be greatly reduced. For the traditional MEA absorbent, the steam consumption is increased by 13.6-38.6%, the power consumption can be reduced by 62.7-85.4%, the per-ton cost of carbon dioxide can be reduced by 23-25%, even the motors of the fan, the compressor and the refrigerator can be replaced by steam turbines, particularly, the carbon dioxide capacity of a single set of equipment reaches over 100 ten thousand tons per year, and the energy-saving and electricity-saving effects are better. The novel phase transfer absorbent has good effects of saving electricity and energy, and the manufacturing cost of carbon dioxide per ton can be reduced by 15%.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (19)
1. A carbon dioxide capture process, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
for the capture and liquefaction process of the carbon dioxide in the gas mixture containing the carbon dioxide, a steam turbine is adopted to drive one or more of a fan, a compressor and a refrigerator in the carbon dioxide capture equipment; and the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine is recycled.
2. The carbon dioxide capture process of claim 1, wherein: and discharging the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine to a regeneration device in the carbon dioxide capture device to heat the rich solution.
3. The carbon dioxide capture process of claim 1, wherein: capturing carbon dioxide from the gas mixture using a phase transfer absorbent.
4. The carbon dioxide capture process of claim 2, wherein: when the total amount of residual heat steam generated by the steam turbine for driving the compressor, the steam turbine for driving the fan and the steam turbine for driving the refrigerator is less than 1.2 times of the steam amount required by the regeneration equipment, adopting three steam turbines to respectively drive the compressor, the fan and the refrigerator;
when the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the three turbines is 1.2 times of the steam amount required by the regeneration equipment, but the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the turbine for driving the compressor and the turbine for driving the refrigerating machine is less than 1.2 times of the steam amount required by the regeneration equipment, only two turbines are adopted to drive the compressor and the refrigerating machine respectively;
when the total amount of the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine for driving the compressor and the steam turbine for driving the refrigerating machine is more than 1.2 times of the steam amount required by the regeneration equipment, only the steam turbine for driving the centrifugal compressor or the screw compressor is adopted.
5. The carbon dioxide capture process of claim 4, wherein: the turbine power for driving the compressor is 1000-12000 kw, the turbine power for driving the fan is 500-6000 kw, and the turbine power for driving the refrigerator is 500-6000 kw;
the steam turbine is an extraction condensing steam turbine or a back pressure steam turbine.
6. The carbon dioxide capture process of claim 5, wherein: when the power of the steam turbine is more than 1500kw, the extraction condensing steam turbine is adopted, the rotating speed of the extraction condensing steam turbine is 3000-8000 rpm, the steam inlet temperature is 350-550 ℃, the steam inlet pressure is 2.2-5.0 MPa, the steam extraction pressure is 0.4-1.3 MPa, the steam exhaust pressure is 0.003-0.01 MPa, the steam inlet quantity is 7.5-12 kg/kw, the steam extraction quantity is 4.1-8 kg/kw, and the steam consumption is 7.5-10.8 kg/kw.h;
when the power of the steam turbine is below 2000kw, the back pressure steam turbine is adopted, the rotating speed of the back pressure steam turbine is 5000-8000 rpm, the steam inlet temperature is 330-450 ℃, the steam inlet pressure is 2.0-4.0 MPa, the steam exhaust pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa, the steam inlet amount is 12-16 kg/kw, and the steam consumption is 12-16 kg/kw.h.
7. The carbon dioxide capture process of claim 6, wherein: the waste heat steam is superheated steam extracted from a steam extraction opening of a steam extraction condensing steam turbine or superheated steam discharged from a steam exhaust opening of a back pressure steam turbine, the superheated steam is adjusted to be saturated steam with the pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa by adopting a steam generator, and the saturated steam and the steam generated by the steam generator are converged and then enter an air inlet of regeneration equipment.
8. The carbon dioxide capture process of claim 7, wherein: the superheated steam enters a tube pass of an inner coil of the steam generator, so that the steam generator can generate 0.1-0.3 MPa of saturated steam, the 0.1-0.3 MPa of saturated steam and the 0.3-0.5 MPa of saturated steam are collected through a Venturi tube, and one ton of waste heat steam can generate 0.1-0.3 ton of saturated steam.
9. The carbon dioxide capture process of claim 7, wherein: the centrifugal compressor is a single-shaft centrifugal compressor or a multi-shaft centrifugal compressorThe multi-shaft centrifugal compressor adopts a main shaft to transmit power to the split shafts of the compressors at all stages through gear combination, the multi-shaft centrifugal compressor is a two-shaft centrifugal compressor or a three-shaft centrifugal compressor, the main shaft is connected with a steam turbine, the outlet pressure of the centrifugal compressor is 1.6-2.5 MPa, and the air inflow of the centrifugal compressor is 4000-70000 Nm3H; the screw compressor is a two-stage screw compressor, the main shaft is adopted to transmit power to a split shaft of the two-stage screw compressor through gear combination, the outlet pressure of the screw compressor is 1.6-2.5 MPa, and the air inflow of the screw compressor is 4000-20000 Nm3/h。
10. A carbon dioxide liquefaction process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
for the process of liquefying the gas mixture containing the carbon dioxide, a steam turbine is adopted to drive one or two of a compressor and a refrigerator in the carbon dioxide liquefying equipment; and recycling the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine.
11. A carbon dioxide liquefaction plant characterized by: the method comprises the following steps: the compressor is used for compressing a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide, an outlet of the compressor is communicated with an inlet of the refrigerator, the refrigerator is used for condensing the compressed gas mixture into a liquid state, the compressor is a centrifugal compressor or a screw compressor, the compressor is driven by the steam turbine to work, or the compressor and the refrigerator are driven by the steam turbine to work.
12. A carbon dioxide capture apparatus characterized by: the method comprises the following steps: the absorption tower is internally used for introducing mixed gas with carbon dioxide, an absorbent capable of absorbing the carbon dioxide is arranged in the absorption tower, the regeneration equipment is used for heating the absorbent containing the carbon dioxide, namely pregnant solution, and releasing the carbon dioxide, the fan is used for guiding the mixed gas containing the carbon dioxide into the absorption tower, the compressor is used for compressing the carbon dioxide, an outlet of the compressor is communicated with an inlet of the refrigerator, the refrigerator is used for condensing the compressed carbon dioxide into liquid, the compressor is a centrifugal compressor or a screw compressor, the compressor is driven by the steam turbine to work, or the compressor and the refrigerator are driven by the steam turbine to work, or the compressor, the refrigerator and the compressor are driven by the steam turbine to work, or the compressor, the fan, the compressor, the refrigerator and the fan are connected in series, and the fan is used for cooling the carbon dioxide, The refrigerating machine and the fan are driven by the steam turbine to work, and waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine is used for recycling.
13. The carbon dioxide capture plant of claim 12, wherein: and the waste heat steam generated by the steam turbine can be introduced into the regeneration equipment to heat the rich solution.
14. The carbon dioxide capture plant of claim 12, wherein: the absorbent is a phase transfer absorbent.
15. The carbon dioxide capture plant of claim 12, wherein: the absorption tower is communicated with the regeneration equipment through a first pipeline, an absorbent absorbing carbon dioxide is rich liquid, the rich liquid can flow into the regeneration equipment through the first pipeline, the regeneration equipment is used for heating the rich liquid and releasing carbon dioxide gas, the regeneration equipment is communicated with the compressor through a second pipeline, and the carbon dioxide flows to the compressor through the second pipeline.
16. The carbon dioxide capture plant of claim 15, wherein: the regeneration device is communicated with the absorption tower through a third pipeline, a cold medium channel and a heat medium channel of the heat exchanger are respectively connected in series with the first pipeline and the third pipeline, and the heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat of liquid in the third pipeline to rich liquid in the first pipeline.
17. The carbon dioxide capture plant of claim 16, wherein: the steam regenerator comprises a plurality of steam turbines, wherein the steam outlets of the plurality of steam turbines are respectively communicated with the inlets of the steam regenerators through a plurality of fourth pipelines, one steam turbine corresponds to one fourth pipeline, and the outlets of the steam regenerators are communicated with the regeneration equipment through a fifth pipeline.
18. The carbon dioxide capture plant of claim 17, wherein: the steam regenerator includes venturi and steam generator, the steam outlet of steam turbine is respectively through a plurality of the fourth pipeline with steam regenerator's import intercommunication, two steam generator's two steam outlet respectively through two sixth pipelines with the venturi intercommunication, venturi's export through the fifth pipeline with the regeneration facility intercommunication.
19. The carbon dioxide capture plant of claim 12, wherein: the carbon dioxide storage tank is also included, and the carbon dioxide condensed into liquid state is discharged into the carbon dioxide storage tank for storage.
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