CN114096629A - 牢固且可拉伸的接缝胶带 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种接缝胶带，包括至少一层单向排列纤维，由此纤维基本上垂直于所述胶带的长度取向，并且胶带在垂直方向上的强度是至少200N/2.54cm[英寸]。所述纤维选自：UHMWPE、聚酰胺、聚酯、玻璃纤维或碳纤维。所述纤维优选是UHMWPE纤维。接缝胶带还可包含热熔粘合剂。所述热熔粘合剂的熔点优选比所述纤维的熔点低至少25℃至70℃。所述热熔粘合剂选自：热塑性聚合物，例如聚酰胺、共聚聚酰胺、聚氨基酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或它们的混合物。本发明还涉及所述接缝胶带的用途，用在背包、包、袋、医疗装备、户外产品、帆布、帐篷、防水布、遮蔽物、衣服、雨披、恶劣天气装备、垫子、外套、夹克、睡袋、浮升袋、降落伞、大型风筝、可充气结构、梁、气囊、包筏、可充气装备、救生筏、可充气雕塑、飞艇(HAA：高空飞艇)、空间应用、柔性电路和鞋类、可充气物、天线罩、预应力结构、或雨伞中。
Description
本发明涉及一种包括纤维的接缝胶带(seam tape)。本发明还涉及一种用于制造接缝胶带的方法。本发明还涉及这些接缝胶带在不同应用中的用途。
接缝胶带是本领域中已知的。在例如CH-A-686 673中公开了一种接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带是一种具有高拉伸强度的弹性且可拉伸的单面粘合胶带。这种单面胶带允许密封可能因房屋建筑内部中的移动而出现的接缝和裂缝。为了解决该问题，公开了不同类型的纤维增强件。如果需要纯纵向拉伸强度，则增强件在胶带的长度上，如果需要竖直的撕裂强度，则需要交叉镶嵌的增强件。由于建筑移动而导致的裂缝出现需要粘合胶带，所述粘合胶带可拉伸至所述胶带的长度，但在胶带的宽度上不太可拉伸。因此，一方面具有对应设计的主纵向增强件，另一方面具有横向增强件的粘合胶带最好地满足了这些要求。然而看出如在CH-A-686 673中公开并且用于刚性或硬表面的现有技术粘合胶带会脱落。因此，需要这样的胶带，所述胶带维持连接并且能够在纵向方向上拉伸以提供基本上没有折痕和褶皱的接缝，这创建了围绕曲线密封的能力。
接缝胶带用于各种类型的应用中。在实践中，往往看到如胶带分层这样的问题发生，特别是在如褶皱或较厚的接缝交叉点的位置中或在较长的长度上。此外，围绕曲线密封的能力使得接缝基本上没有折痕和褶皱，这对于必须维持压力的应用来说是至关重要的，折痕和褶皱在本领域中是成问题的。褶皱和折痕将形成在曲线的内半径上，并将负面地影响接缝强度和密封性能。
本发明的目的是提供一种没有显示出上述缺点的接缝胶带。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带足够牢固和耐用以及时维持其完整性并且能够承受拉力拉伸。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种基本上没有折痕和褶皱的接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带创建了围绕曲线密封的能力，这对于必须维持压力的应用(例如可充气物)来说是至关重要的。
本发明的目的已经实现在于提供一种接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带包括至少一层单向排列纤维，由此所述纤维基本上垂直于所述胶带的长度取向，并且所述胶带在垂直方向上的强度是至少200N/2.54cm[英寸]。
令人惊讶地，已经发现，当接缝胶带包括至少一层基本上垂直于胶带方向取向的单向排列纤维时，可以密封小得多的半径曲线而没有褶皱或折痕。这导致了承受较高压力的能力，所述能力对于一些应用(例如可充气结构)来说是重要的。
在本发明中，基本上垂直意指纤维取向是使得纤维与垂直方向成介于+30/-30度之间取向，更优选与垂直方向成介于+20/-20度之间取向，最优选与垂直方向成介于+10/-10度之间取向。
胶带在垂直方向(纤维增强方向)上的强度是至少200N/2.54cm[英寸]，优选至少1000N/2.54cm[英寸]，更优选至少2200N/2.54cm[英寸]。
本发明的接缝胶带包括至少一层单向排列纤维，所述纤维选自：合成纤维或天然纤维或它们的组合。合成纤维的示例有聚乙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维例如芳族聚酰胺纤维(以商业名称Kevlar、Nomex、Technora、Twaron已知)、液晶聚合物(Vectran)纤维、高韧度聚丙烯纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维或碳纤维。天然纤维的示例有棉花纤维、大麻纤维、羊毛纤维、蚕丝纤维、黄麻纤维或亚麻纤维。优选地，接缝胶带包括至少一层单向排列的高韧度纤维，所述高韧度纤维选自：UHMWPE或聚酰胺例如芳族聚酰胺。更优选地，所述层包括超高分子量聚乙烯(ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene，UHMWPE)纤维。
具有高强度/重量比的纤维是优选的，因为它们允许在最小的胶带厚度下提供具有高强度的接缝胶带。限制胶带厚度是重要的，因为它可以最小化负载下的弯曲变形和如此高的强度。低厚度胶带最适合用于高强度、低厚度织物的缝合。胶带的厚度优选在125-500μm之间，优选在150-350μm之间，甚至更优选在50-200μm之间。
胶带的总刚性小于10,000N/m，更优选小于5,000N/m，甚至更优选小于3,000N/m。接缝胶带的硬度对于提供基本上没有折痕和褶皱的接缝是重要的，这创建了围绕曲线密封的能力。如果接缝胶带太硬，则胶带就将脱落。
接缝胶带可包括多于一个层，其中每个层可包括相同或不同的单向排列纤维。优选地，接缝胶带包括两层单向排列的UHMWPE纤维。在一层或多层单向排列纤维的情况下，所述层包括基本上垂直于胶带的长度取向的纤维。
UHMWPE可以是直链或支链的，尽管优选使用直链聚乙烯。直链聚乙烯在本文中应被理解为是指每100个碳原子具有少于1个侧链的聚乙烯，并且优选地每300个碳原子具有少于1个侧链的聚乙烯；侧链或支链通常含有至少10个碳原子。侧链可以通过FTIR适当地测量。直链聚乙烯还可含有至多5mol％的一种或多种可与其共聚的其他烯烃，例如丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、4-甲基戊烯、辛烯。优选地，直链聚乙烯具有高摩尔质量且固有粘度(intrinsicviscosity，IV)为至少4dl/g，更优选至少8dl/g，最优选至少10dl/g(135℃下于十氢化萘溶液中测定)。此类聚乙烯称为超高分子量聚乙烯，所述超高分子量聚乙烯已知商品名为Spectra或Dyneema。
UHMWPE纤维由已经通过凝胶纺丝工艺制备的聚乙烯长丝组成，所述凝胶纺丝工艺例如在GB 2042414 A或WO 01/73173 A1中所描述。凝胶纺丝工艺基本上由以下步骤组成：制备具有高固有粘度的直链聚乙烯的溶液；在高于溶解温度的温度下将所述溶液纺丝成长丝；将所述长丝冷却至低于胶凝温度，使得发生胶凝；以及在去除溶剂之前、期间和/或之后拉伸所述长丝。
本发明的接缝胶带优选含有UHMWPE纤维，所述UHMWPE纤维包括聚乙烯长丝，也称为高韧度聚乙烯长丝。在本文中长丝被理解为细长体，所述细长体的长度尺寸远大于宽度和厚度的横向尺寸。因此，术语长丝包括具有规则或不规则横截面的带状物、条状物、条带等。长丝可以具有连续的长度，在本领域中被称为连续长丝，或者具有不连续的长度，在本申请的上下文中称为短纤维。短纤维可以通过切割或牵切长丝获得。
本发明的接缝胶带还包括热熔粘合剂层。热熔粘合剂是热塑性粘合材料，所述热塑性粘合材料作为熔体施加，所述熔体在冷却时达到固态和最终强度。这些热塑性100％固体材料在65℃至180℃的温度范围内熔融。理论上，任何热塑性材料都可以是热熔粘合剂，但最优选的材料通常是在高达79.4℃或更高为固体，温度继续升高急剧熔融以得到易于施加的低粘度流体。
热熔粘合剂的示例是热塑性聚合物，例如聚酰胺、共聚聚酰胺、聚氨基酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，或它们的混合物。热熔粘合剂的熔点应该比纤维的熔点高不大于50℃，优选低于纤维的熔点，更优选比纤维的熔点低至少25℃至70℃。
热熔粘合剂层的厚度可以在10μm与1mm之间变化。优选地，厚度从25μm至500μm变化，更优选地，厚度从50μm至200μm变化。
本发明的接缝胶带任选地包括阻挡膜。阻挡膜经选择用于接缝的长期耐久性可以通过提供附加材料以遮罩纤维和热熔层免受环境影响而得到改善的应用。阻挡膜可以提供附加益处，例如但不限于增加的耐磨性、更好的UV稳定性、减少的阻塞、抗真菌性和降低的水渗透性。优选地，阻挡膜是弹性的，并且包括低于1GPa的弹性模量。更优选地，阻挡膜包括低于<500MPa，甚至更优选低于250MPa，并且最优选低于100MPa的弹性模量。弹性模量优选高于1MPa，更优选高于5MPa，甚至更优选高于10MPa，并且最优选高于20MPa。
阻挡膜应能够变形以便不妨碍形成无折痕的弯曲接缝的能力，并且优选地具有至少50％，更优选至少100％，最优选至少200％的断裂伸长率。通常热塑性聚氨酯膜被用作阻挡膜。
阻挡层的厚度可以在500nm与1mm之间变化。优选地，厚度从1μm至500μm变化。更优选地，厚度从25μm至400μm变化，更优选地，厚度从50μm至200μm变化。
阻隔膜的示例是热塑性聚烯烃，以及基于氨基甲酸酯、酰胺或酯的热塑性弹性体。合适的阻挡膜的示例是芳香族或脂肪族热塑性聚氨酯膜，例如Covestro的
膜或Dingzing的ProvectaTM膜。优选地，阻挡膜是热塑性聚氨酯。
本发明的接缝胶带包括单向排列纤维，所述单向排列纤维优选嵌入在柔性聚合物基质材料中。基质材料可以是弹性热固性材料、热塑性聚合物或热熔粘合剂。弹性体热固性材料的示例是聚氨酯(例如Hysol US0028)、聚酯(例如Thiokol Adcote 122)或硅胶(例如DOW-96-083、DOW-X3-6930、DOW-6858(UV可固化的))。热塑性塑料的示例有尼龙、低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯或工程热塑性塑料(例如Peek、PPS、Radel、Ryton)。热熔粘合剂的示例是聚烯烃、聚酰胺、或聚氨酯。基质材料可以与热熔粘合剂相同。
本发明的接缝胶带优选包括以下特性：在纵向方向上，优选具有<1GPa，更优选<500MPa，甚至更优选<250MPa，最优选<100MPa的模量。所述模量优选高于1MPa，更优选高于5MPa，甚至更优选高于10MPa，最优选高于20MPa。
本发明的接缝胶带优选包含至少50％，更优选至少100％，最优选至少200％的断裂应变。
本发明还涉及用于制备本发明的接缝胶带的方法。所述方法可包括以下制备接缝胶带的方式：
a)使用压辊或类似工艺将排列的纤维展开并压入热熔粘合剂膜中。
b)提供在柔性聚合物基质中的单向(unidirectional,UD)展开纤维层，所述层粘附至热熔粘合剂膜。这可以分两步完成，使得UD复合物和热熔膜单独形成，然后在压延、压制或高压灭菌步骤中放在一起并粘附。
c)或者，可以通过例如挤出工艺在UD层上直接形成热熔膜。
d)可以在压延、压制或高压灭菌步骤中添加和粘附附加层，例如阻挡膜或多个UD纤维层。
e)在形成层压结构后，可以将所述层压结构分割至所需的宽度以形成接缝胶带。
本发明的目的是提供一种尽可能简单和经济的缝合方法。所述缝合方法应软化胶带中的粘合剂，并使所述胶带在足够的压力下与待粘合的表面接触以提供熔合。可以使用多种焊接技术，包括层压、热气体或热空气焊接、热楔焊接、热板焊接、红外焊接、激光焊接、振动焊接、超声波焊接和射频(RF)焊接。
单向排列纤维的层可以在特定取向上分层，优选地，所述层包括在相同的垂直方向上取向的纤维，然后将所述层层压至织物产品上。在层压后，将UD胶带在高压釜之中或之外固化。优选的单向(UD)胶带优选通过将纤维展开并用粘合剂将所述展开的纤维涂覆到离型纸上以形成连续片材来制造。这种优选的单向胶带是非织造的。优选地，这些单向胶带片材被切割成一定大小。
本发明还涉及本发明的接缝胶带的用途，用在背包、包、袋、医疗装备、户外产品、帆布、帐篷、防水布、遮蔽物、衣服、雨披、恶劣天气装备、垫子、外套、夹克、睡袋、浮升袋(lift bag)、降落伞、大型风筝、可充气结构、梁、气囊、包筏(packraft)、可充气装备、救生筏、可充气雕塑、飞艇(HAA：高空飞艇)、空间应用、柔性电路和鞋类、可充气物、天线罩、预应力结构(tensioned structure)或雨伞中。
附图说明
图1：具有垂直于胶带长度的增强件的1cm宽的接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带能够在内径6.5cm、外径8.5cm的圆上形成密封，而不会在所述胶带中形成折痕或褶皱。
图2：具有垂直于胶带长度的增强件的1.5cm宽的接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带能够在内径6cm、外径9cm的圆上形成密封，而不会在所述胶带中形成折痕或褶皱。
图3：具有垂直于胶带长度的增强件的2cm宽的接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带能够在内径5.5cm、外径9.5cm的圆上形成密封，而不会在所述胶带中形成折痕或褶皱。
测量方法
1.聚乙烯或UHMWPE样品中的侧链通过对2mm厚的压缩模塑膜进行FTIR测试确定，使用基于NMR测量的校准曲线定量1375cm-1处的吸收(如在例如EP 0 269 151中所公开的)。
2.纤维的拉伸特性，即强度和模量，根据ASTM D885M中的规定在复丝上测定，使用500mm的标称隔距长度、50％/min的十字头速度和Fibre Grip D5618C型的Instron 2714夹具。为了计算强度，将所测量的拉力除以纤度，所述纤度通过称量10米的纤维测定；假设聚合物(例如UHMWPE)的天然密度为0.97g/cm3，计算出以GPa为单位的值。
3.胶带的拉伸特性：拉伸强度、拉伸模量和断裂伸长率，如在ASTM D882中所规定的，使用131mm的胶带标称隔距长度、50mm/min的十字头速度于20℃在宽度为2mm的胶带(如果适用的话，通过分割获得)上定义和测定。
实施例
实施例1
接缝胶带由垂直于胶带长度取向的UHMWPE纤维构造。
该接缝胶带包括弹性体热塑性聚氨酯的外部阻挡层、热熔热塑性聚氨酯的粘合剂层、由嵌入在聚合物基质中的UHMWPE纤维组成的纤维层以及热熔热塑性聚氨酯的最终粘合剂层。将接缝胶带分割成不同的宽度和最小的曲率半径圆，所述接缝胶带能够密封而不形成折痕或褶皱。使用热压机在低于140℃的温度下将样品粘附至具有热塑性聚氨酯表面膜的复合织物。结果在表1中给出。
比较实验A
如实施例1中那样构造接缝胶带，区别在于UHMWPE纤维平行或垂直于胶带长度取向。结果在表1中给出。
结果
表1
从表1中的结果清楚的是，与对比实验A的胶带相比，纤维垂直于胶带长度取向的实施例1可以在小得多的曲率半径下形成无折痕密封，在对比实验A中纤维增强件总量相同，但是纤维平行于并且垂直于胶带长度取向。
Claims (16)
1.一种接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带包括至少一层单向排列纤维，由此所述纤维基本上垂直于所述胶带的长度取向，并且所述胶带在垂直方向上的强度是至少200N/2.54cm[英寸]。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接缝胶带，其中所述层包括纤维，所述纤维选自：UHMWPE、聚酰胺、聚酯、玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的接缝胶带，其中所述纤维是UHMWPE纤维。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的接缝胶带，其中所述胶带的厚度在125-500μm之间。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带还包含热熔粘合剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带还包含熔点比所述纤维的熔点高不大于50℃的热熔粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求5-6中任一项所述的接缝胶带，其中所述热熔粘合剂选自：热塑性聚合物，所述热塑性聚合物例如聚酰胺、共聚聚酰胺、聚氨基酰胺、聚氨酯、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚烯烃、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或它们的混合物。
8.根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的接缝胶带，其中所述热熔粘合剂层的所述厚度可以在10μm与1mm之间变化。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的接缝胶带，所述接缝胶带包括弹性模量低于1GPa的阻挡膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的接缝胶带，其中所述阻挡膜包括比所述纤维的熔融温度更高的熔融温度。
11.根据权利要求9-10中任一项所述的接缝胶带，其中所述阻挡层的所述厚度可以在10μm与1mm之间变化。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的接缝胶带，其中所述阻挡膜是热塑性聚氨酯。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的接缝胶带，其中所述单向排列纤维嵌入在基质材料中。
14.根据权利要求13所述的接缝胶带，其中所述基质材料与所述热熔粘合剂相同。
15.根据权利要求1-14所述的接缝胶带，其中所述胶带的总刚度小于10,000N/m。
16.根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的接缝胶带的用途，用在背包、包、袋、医疗装备、户外产品、帆布、帐篷、防水布、遮蔽物、衣服、雨披、恶劣天气装备、垫子、外套、夹克、睡袋、浮升袋、降落伞、大型风筝、可充气结构物、梁、气囊、包筏、可充气装备、救生筏、可充气雕塑、飞艇(HAA：高空飞艇)、空间应用、柔性电路和鞋类、可充气物、天线罩、预应力结构或雨伞中。
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| US20110311795A1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2011-12-22 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Thermally fusible interlining nonwoven and production and use thereof |
| WO2012009486A2 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-19 | Loma Vista Medical, Inc. | Inflatable medical devices |
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| NL177840C (nl) | 1979-02-08 | 1989-10-16 | Stamicarbon | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een polyetheendraad. |
| IN170335B (zh) | 1986-10-31 | 1992-03-14 | Dyneema Vof | |
| US6448359B1 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2002-09-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | High tenacity, high modulus filament |
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2020
- 2020-07-08 WO PCT/EP2020/069173 patent/WO2021005083A1/en unknown
- 2020-07-08 CN CN202080049462.6A patent/CN114096629B/zh active Active
- 2020-07-08 EP EP20737443.0A patent/EP3997184A1/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3997184A1 (en) | 2022-05-18 |
| CN114096629B (zh) | 2023-12-15 |
| WO2021005083A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
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