CN114094684B - 一种用于给电池充电的架构 - Google Patents

一种用于给电池充电的架构 Download PDF

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CN114094684B
CN114094684B CN202111337120.7A CN202111337120A CN114094684B CN 114094684 B CN114094684 B CN 114094684B CN 202111337120 A CN202111337120 A CN 202111337120A CN 114094684 B CN114094684 B CN 114094684B
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CN114094684A (zh
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何思雨
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Shanghai Southchip Semiconductor Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

本发明属于电源管理技术领域，具体涉及一种用于给电池充电的架构。本发明对传统的电池充放电架构进行改进，将N:1开关电容器放置在开关电源之前并与之串联。通过N:1开关电容器将输入电压降低并提供给开关电源，从而降低开关电源的耐压，以达到节省开关电源成本并提高开关电源转换效率的目的。此外，本发明还有一个优势在于，从N:1开关电容输出到用电单元之间的电路可以不随着输入电压的升高而改变，从而节省工程师开发方案的时间。

Description

一种用于给电池充电的架构
技术领域
本发明属于电源管理技术领域，具体涉及一种用于给电池充电的架构。
背景技术
随着便携式设备数量的急剧增加，充电电池得到了广泛的应用。针对电池的充放电功能，目前广泛采用的电路结构如下图1。其中开关电源的作用是将输入电压变换成满足用电单元的电压幅值。可变电流源则是将开关电源的输出电压转换成满足电池需求的电流给电池包中的电池充电，并且可变电流源具备直通和双向关断的功能，即在开关电源不工作时，电池包可以直接给用电单元供电，也可以双向关断让用电单元掉电。N:1(N≥1)开关电容器则是提供了一个高效率的快速充电路径。当电池包中的电池电压满足快速充电的电压时，开关电源停止工作，输入电压调整到合适的电压幅值，N:1开关电容器开始工作，将输入电压的幅值转换成1/N倍并直接向电池包充电，此时的可变电流源工作在反向直通状态，电池包直接向用电单元供电。基于图1的架构一种具体的实现方式如图2所示，其中开关电源为Buck降压电路，N:1开关电容器为2:1开关电容器。
随着充电标准的升级，输入电压将会越来越高以支持更大的充电功率，例如从现今的5V输入电压提高到未来的30V输入电压。当采用传统如图1的充放电架构时，开关电源和开关电容器的耐压都需要随之提高。其带来的影响是会增加开关电源和开关电容器的成本和占用的面积，并且充电效率也会下降并影响使用体验。
发明内容
本发明对传统的电池充放电架构进行改进，将N:1开关电容器放置在开关电源之前并与之串联。通过N:1开关电容器将输入电压降低并提供给开关电源，从而降低开关电源的耐压，以达到节省开关电源成本并提高开关电源转换效率的目的。此外，本发明还有一个优势在于，从N:1开关电容输出到用电单元之间的电路可以不随着输入电压的升高而改变，从而节省工程师开发方案的时间。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
本发明的一个目的是提出一种改进的用于给电池充电的架构，如图3所示，包括开关电容器、开关电源、可变电流源和电池模块，开关电容器的输入连接外部输入电压，开关电容器的输出连接开关电源的输入，开关电源的输出通过可变电流源连接电池模块。
上述方案中，当电池包电压处于适合快充的电压范围时，可选择开通连接开关电容器和电池包的开关，用开关电容器的输出直接给电池包充电，以实现高效的大电流快速充电。
进一步的，所述开关电容器的输出还通过双向开关连接到电池模块。
进一步的，所述可变电流源具有三种工作状态，分别为单向输出状态、直通状态和双向关断，所述单向输出状态是指将电流输出给电池模块，所述直通状态是指允许电流双向通过，所述双向关断状态是禁止电流从任意方向流过电流源。
进一步的，所述电池模块包括充电电池和电量计。
进一步的，所述充电电池为锂电池。
进一步的，所述电池模块还包括锂电池保护电路。
进一步的，所述开关电容器和可变电流源集成在同一硅片上。
更进一步的，所述开关电容器为N：1开关电容器。
本发明的另一个目的是提出另一种用于给电池充电的架构，如图5所示，包括开关电容器、可变电流源和电池模块，开关电容器的输入连接外部输入电压，开关电容器的输出分别通过可变电流源和双向开关连接电池模块。
上述方案是针对输入电压为连续可调的情况，当电池包电压过低或过高时，N:1开关电容器的输出通过可变电流源给电池包充电。当电池包的电压处于适合快充的电压范围时，可选择开通连接开关电容器和电池包的开关，用开关电容器的输出直接给电池包充电，以实现高效的大电流快速充电。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明通过对传统充电架构的改进，可降低开关电源的耐压，以达到节省开关电源成本并提高开关电源转换效率的目的。此外，本发明还有一个优势在于，从N:1开关电容输出到用电单元之间的电路可以不随着输入电压的升高而改变，从而节省工程师开发方案的时间。
附图说明
图1为传统的电池充电架构示意图；
图2为传统的电池充电电路结构示意图；
图3为本发明的第一种电池充电架构示意图；
图4为实施例1的电路结构示意图；
图5为本发明的第二种电池充电架构示意图；
图6为实施例2的电路结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明技术方案进行详细描述：
本发明的第一种方案如图3所示，N:1开关电容器的输入接输入电压，其输出与开关电源串联。通过N:1开关电容器将输入电压降低1/N倍提供给开关电源，使得开关电源可以在低压下工作，从而降低开关电源的耐压设计，得到缩小开关电源面积和降低成本的效果。此外，N:1开关电容的输出可以通过一个可双向关断的开关(如背靠背MOSFET或GaN开关)连接至电池包。当电池包电压处于适合快充的电压范围时，可选择开通连接开关电容器和电池包的开关，用开关电容器的输出直接给电池包充电，以实现高效的大电流快速充电。
实施例1
如图4所示，本例是基于本发明的第一种方案，包括2:1开关电容器，buck开关电源，背靠背MOS，可变电流源和电池，其中2:1开关电容器的输入端接外部电源，输出通过buck开关电源连接用电单元和可变电流源的一端，可变电流源的另一端连接电池，2:1开关电容器的输出还通过背靠背MOS连接电池，本例中，buck开关电源的输入为2:1开关电容器的输出，因此可降低耐压，达到提高开关电源转换效率的目的。当电池电压较低时，例如低于3.5V，开关电容器将外部电源提供的电压降压为1/2给buck开关电源供电，buck开关电源的输出通过可变电流源给电池充电。当单节电池电压满足快充条件时，例如大于3.5V时，调整外部电源的幅值比电池电压的两倍高，如500mV,选择停止buck开关电源工作，并且开通2:1开关电容器和电池之间的开关，用开关电容器的输出直接给电池进行大电流充电。
本发明的第二种方案如图5所示，针对输入电压为连续可调的情况，图3中的开关电源可省去，简化成如图5的充电架构。其中N:1开关电容器的输出直接给用电单元供电，并给可变电流源供电。N:1开关电容器的输出通过一个可双向关断的开关(如背靠背MOSFET或GaN开关)连接至电池包。当电池包电压过低或过高时，N:1开关电容器的输出通过可变电流源给电池包充电。当电池包的电压处于适合快充的电压范围时，可选择开通连接开关电容器和电池包的开关，用开关电容器的输出直接给电池包充电，以实现高效的大电流快速充电。
实施例2
如图6所示，本例是基于本发明的第二种方案，包括2:1开关电容器，背靠背MOS，可变电流源和电池，与实施例1的区别在于本例中移除了buck开关电源。当电池电压较低时，例如低于3.5V，调整外部电源的幅值比电池电压的两倍稍高，如200mV,开关电容器将外部电源提供的电压降压为1/2后通过可变电流源给电池充电。当单节电池电压满足快充条件时，例如大于3.5V时，调整外部电源的幅值比电池电压的两倍高，如500mV,开通2:1开关电容器和电池之间的开关，用开关电容器的输出直接给电池进行大电流充电。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于给电池充电的架构，包括开关电容器、开关电源、可变电流源和电池模块，其特征在于，开关电容器的输入连接外部输入电压，开关电容器的输出连接开关电源的输入，开关电源的输出通过可变电流源连接电池模块；
所述开关电容器的输出还通过双向开关连接到电池模块；
所述可变电流源具有三种工作状态，分别为单向输出状态，直通状态和双向关断状态，所述单向输出状态是指将电流输出给电池模块，所述直通状态是指允许电流双向通过。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于给电池充电的架构，其特征在于，所述电池模块包括充电电池。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于给电池充电的架构，其特征在于，所述电池模块还包括电池保护电路。
4.根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的一种用于给电池充电的架构，其特征在于，所述开关电容器为N：1开关电容器。
5.一种用于给电池充电的架构，包括开关电容器、可变电流源和电池模块，其特征在于，开关电容器的输入连接外部输入电压，开关电容器的输出通过可变电流源连接电池模块；
所述开关电容器为N：1开关电容器；
所述开关电容器的输出还通过双向开关连接到电池模块；
所述可变电流源具有三种工作状态，分别为单向输出状态，直通状态和双向关断状态，所述单向输出状态是指将电流输出给电池模块，所述直通状态是指允许电流双向通过。
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