CN114094633B - Power synchronization grid friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system - Google Patents
Power synchronization grid friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
- H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention provides a power supply synchronous power grid friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system, which comprises a photovoltaic cell panel, a voltage boosting DC/DC converter, a voltage stabilizing DC, a dragging machine driving converter and an AC output, wherein the DC is generated by the photovoltaic cell panel, the voltage boosting DC/DC converter is used for boosting and stabilizing the DC and then is input into the dragging machine driving converter to output AC, a motor M is driven, the motor M is coaxially connected with a synchronous generator G for generating power and then sequentially passes through a grid-connected AC contactor K5 and a grid-connected AC breaker K6 for grid connection, an energy storage system is connected to the DC side of the dragging machine driving converter through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a first service power rectifier is connected to the DC side of the dragging machine driving converter, a second service power rectifier is connected with an excitation winding through an excitation converter, the synchronous generator G is controlled by the dragging machine driving converter, and the dragging machine driving converter and the excitation converter are controlled by a master controller. The invention can enable the photovoltaic power generation to have the synchronous grid-connected characteristic of thermal power and hydropower, and improve the safe and stable operation level of the extra-high voltage alternating current and direct current power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy efficiency management control methods, in particular to a power supply synchronous power grid friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system.
Background
When the scale of new energy is steadily enlarged, the safe and stable operation, new energy consumption and discharge of a power system under the condition of high-proportion new energy power generation access face huge challenges. The photovoltaic and wind power output fluctuates and periodically changes along with illumination and wind power in a short period, original power and energy balance of a system is broken, system voltage and frequency fluctuation is easily caused, the stability of the system is damaged, and the system becomes a main obstacle for high-proportion new energy consumption. Meanwhile, the proportion of new energy resources characterized by low inertia and weak support in the power grid is increased continuously, and potential safety hazards are brought to the stable operation of the power grid. On one hand, the voltage instability risk of an alternating current and direct current hybrid receiving end power grid is increased, outstanding transient stability or dynamic stability problems still exist in large power base delivery, inter-area alternating current and direct current connection power grids and local weak networking areas, on the other hand, the primary and secondary frequency modulation capability is reduced due to new energy and direct current, and the difficulty of frequency control is increased. When a power grid fails or is disturbed, large-scale off-grid is easily caused, the stability of the system is further deteriorated, and the problems of frequency modulation, steady-state voltage support, transient overvoltage, short-circuit fault and the like are mainly reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a power supply synchronous grid friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system, which can enable photovoltaic power generation to have the synchronous grid-connected characteristics of thermal power and water and electricity, greatly improve the low inertia and weak support characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, and greatly improve the safe and stable operation level of an extra-high voltage alternating current and direct current grid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a power synchronization grid-friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system comprises:
the photovoltaic cell panel generates direct current DC, the direct current DC is boosted and stabilized by the boosting type DC/DC converter and then input into the dragging machine driving converter to output alternating current, the output alternating current is used for driving the motor M, the motor M is coaxially connected with the synchronous generator G to generate electricity, the generated alternating current is sequentially subjected to grid connection through a grid-connected AC contactor K5 and a grid-connected AC breaker K6,
the energy storage system is connected to the direct current side of the dragging machine driving converter through a bidirectional DC/DC converter and is used as an emergency power supply with insufficient photovoltaic energy; the first auxiliary power supply is connected to the direct current side of the traction motor driving converter in a rectifying mode and serves as a standby power supply which is insufficient in photovoltaic energy and needs primary frequency modulation or short-circuit fault; the second service power is rectified and then is connected with an excitation winding through an excitation converter to be used as an excitation power supply of the synchronous generator G,
the synchronous generator G is controlled by a dragging machine driving converter, and the dragging machine driving converter and the exciting converter are controlled by a master controller.
Further, the control method of the master controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: the master controller receives a starting instruction, starts a daytime working mode or a night working mode, runs the step 2 when the daytime working mode is started, and runs the step 3 when the night working mode is started;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps that a converter is driven by a dragging machine to adjust the rotating speed of a synchronous generator G or the voltage of an excitation power supply, synchronous grid connection is achieved, when the operation condition of a power grid is normal, a step 2.1 of normal operation mode operation in daytime is started, primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support are carried out, otherwise, a step 2.2 of abnormal operation mode operation in daytime is started, and transient overvoltage fault support or voltage short circuit fault support is provided;
and step 3: the method comprises the steps that a converter is driven by a dragging machine to adjust the rotating speed of a synchronous generator G or the voltage of an excitation power supply, synchronous grid connection is achieved, when the operation condition of a power grid is normal, the step 3.1 of operating in a night normal operation mode is started, primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support are conducted, otherwise, the step 3.2 of operating in a night abnormal operation mode is started, and transient overvoltage fault support or voltage short circuit fault support is provided.
Preferably, step 1 starts the daytime working mode or the nighttime working mode according to the photovoltaic intensity, when the photovoltaic intensity is sufficient, the daytime working mode is started, and when the photovoltaic intensity is insufficient, the nighttime working mode is started.
Further, the current photovoltaic power generation instant power is determined by detecting the output voltage of the boost type DC/DC converter and the maximum power point tracking, when the current photovoltaic power generation instant power is larger than a threshold value, the daytime working mode is started, otherwise, the nighttime working mode is started.
Further, step 2.1 the daytime normal operation mode includes the following steps:
step 2.1.1: when the voltage of the grid-connected point does not exceed the preset dead zone voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point does not exceed the preset dead zone frequency, controlling a dragging machine to drive the torque of a converter and transmitting the photovoltaic power generation to a power grid;
step 2.1.2: when the voltage of the grid-connected point exceeds the preset dead zone voltage, carrying out steady-state voltage support, when the steady-state voltage of the grid-connected point rises to be higher than the upper limit value of the preset dead zone voltage, adjusting the exciting current of the synchronous generator G, increasing capacitive reactive output, and when the steady-state voltage of the grid-connected point drops to be lower than the lower limit value of the preset dead zone voltage, increasing inductive reactive output;
step 2.1.3: when the grid-connected point frequency exceeds the preset dead zone frequency, primary frequency modulation is carried out, when the grid-connected point frequency rises to be higher than the preset dead zone frequency upper limit value, the active power output of a system is reduced by reducing the active power output of a photovoltaic cell panel, when the grid-connected point frequency drops to be lower than the preset dead zone frequency lower limit value, the active power output is increased through an energy storage system, meanwhile, the grid-connected point frequency rises or drops, a synchronous generator G generates certain resistance to the rising or dropping of the grid-connected point frequency under the inertia effect of maintaining the original operation mode, and then the grid-connected point frequency is subjected to reverse fine tuning.
Preferably, in the step 2.2 daytime abnormal operation working mode, when the voltage of the grid-connected point is higher than the upper limit of the normal voltage, the transient overvoltage fault support is performed, and when the voltage of the grid-connected point is lower than the lower limit of the normal voltage, the voltage short circuit fault support is performed.
Further, step 2.2 the transient overvoltage fault support in the abnormal operation mode of daytime operation includes the following steps:
calculating the difference value between the amplitude limiting capacity and the current system output capacity, outputting the difference value serving as the amplitude reduction quantity of the excitation voltage to an excitation power supply, and increasing capacitive reactive output;
when the capacity difference value is smaller than the amplitude limiting capacity, the master controller calculates the difference value capacity of the capacity difference value and the amplitude limiting capacity, calculates the torque value of the synchronous generator G through the difference value capacity, outputs the torque value to the traction engine driving converter as a torque instruction, reduces active output, simultaneously outputs the difference value capacity which can be used as excitation voltage amplitude reduction quantity to an excitation power supply, and increases capacitive reactive output;
monitoring the temperature index of the synchronous generator G, calculating the amplitude reduction of the excitation voltage when the temperature is greater than a set temperature threshold value, outputting the amplitude reduction to an excitation power supply to reduce the excitation voltage and reduce capacitive reactive output;
fourthly, calculating the turn-off time of the grid-connected switch, and when the overvoltage time is larger than the turn-off time, the system is off-grid; and when the overvoltage time is less than or equal to the turn-off time, operating in a normal working mode in the daytime according to the step 2.1.
Further, step 2.2 voltage short fault support in the daytime abnormal operation mode comprises the following steps: when three phases or any two phases of the grid-connected point voltage are zero, the dragging machine is stopped to operate to drive the converter, the synchronous generator G operates in a motor mode, the maximum phase current is monitored immediately, the maximum current supporting capability of the generator set is integrated, the turn-off time of the grid-connected breaker is calculated according to the difference value of the maximum phase current and the maximum current supporting capability, the short-circuit time is longer than the turn-off time, and the system is disconnected; and (5) operating the dragging machine to drive the converter when the short-circuit time is less than or equal to the turn-off time, and operating in the normal working mode in the daytime according to the step 2.1.
Further, step 3.1 the night normal operation mode includes the following steps:
step 3.1.1: when the voltage of the grid-connected point does not exceed the preset dead zone voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point does not exceed the preset dead zone frequency, the system is in an idle state;
step 3.1.2: when the voltage of the grid-connected point exceeds the preset dead zone voltage, carrying out steady-state voltage support, when the steady-state voltage of the grid-connected point rises to be higher than the upper limit value of the preset dead zone voltage, adjusting the exciting current of the synchronous generator G, increasing capacitive reactive output, and when the steady-state voltage of the grid-connected point drops to be lower than the lower limit value of the preset dead zone voltage, increasing inductive reactive output;
step 3.1.3: when the grid-connected point frequency exceeds the preset dead zone frequency, primary frequency modulation is carried out, when the grid-connected point frequency rises to be higher than the preset dead zone frequency upper limit value, the active power output of a system is reduced by reducing the active power output of a photovoltaic cell panel, when the grid-connected point frequency drops to be lower than the preset dead zone frequency lower limit value, the active power output is increased through an energy storage system, meanwhile, the grid-connected point frequency rises or drops, and a synchronous generator G generates certain resistance to the rising or dropping of the grid-connected point frequency under the inertia effect of maintaining the original operation mode, so that the grid-connected point frequency is reversely finely adjusted.
Further, step 3.2 the night abnormal operation mode includes the following steps: if the power grid has transient overvoltage faults, the system operates according to the step 3.2.1; if the power grid has a short-circuit fault, the system operates according to the step 3.2.2;
step 3.2.1: if the transient overvoltage fault occurs to the power grid, firstly, the synchronous generator G in the no-load state outputs capacitive reactive power instantly through self-response of the transient reactance and the super-transient reactance, secondly, service power supplies an excitation power supply for the synchronous generator G, the capacitive reactive power is provided by adjusting the excitation current, and the transient overvoltage fault of the power grid is solved through an energy storage system;
step 3.2.2: if the power grid needs transient overvoltage fault support: when the voltage of the grid-connected point is larger than the voltage threshold, calculating the difference value between the amplitude limiting capacity and the current system output capacity, outputting the difference value serving as the amplitude reduction amount of the excitation voltage to an excitation power supply, increasing the capacitive reactive output, monitoring the temperature index of the synchronous generator G, calculating the amplitude reduction of the excitation voltage when the temperature is larger than the set temperature threshold, outputting the amplitude reduction of the excitation voltage to the excitation power supply, reducing the excitation voltage, and reducing the capacitive reactive output;
if the power grid needs voltage short circuit fault support, calculating the turn-off time of the grid-connected circuit breaker, wherein the overvoltage time is more than the turn-off time, and the system is disconnected; and (4) operating according to the step 3.1 when the overvoltage time is less than or equal to the turn-off time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the application provides a friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system of power synchronization electric wire netting can make photovoltaic power generation possess thermoelectricity, the synchronous grid-connected characteristic of water and electricity, improves photovoltaic power generation "low inertia, weak support" characteristic by a wide margin, improves the special high voltage alternating current-direct current electric wire netting safety and stability operation level by a wide margin.
1. The invention designs a power supply synchronous power grid friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system independently, which effectively utilizes the rotation inertia of a synchronous generator to spontaneously adjust the frequency in the primary frequency modulation process, when the frequency of a power system rises, the rotating speed of the power generation system falls, and when the frequency of the power system falls, the rotating speed of the power generation system rises, so that the limitation of the traditional photovoltaic power generation system on the maximum power value is broken through, and the overload operation can be realized.
2. According to the photovoltaic power generation system and the control method thereof, the defects that the traditional photovoltaic power generation needs to respond through a superior control instruction, needs to output the instruction through multiple calculations and is low in corresponding speed are effectively overcome, and the corresponding speed is high by directly collecting the voltage output instruction of the grid-connected point.
3. When a transient overvoltage fault or a short-circuit fault occurs in a power grid, capacitive or inductive reactive power is output instantly through self-response of the transient reactor and the super-transient reactor, the capacitive or inductive reactive power is provided through an excitation power supply designed by the system and through adjustment of excitation current, and the transient overvoltage problem of the power grid is solved by sharing energy storage outside the station after minutes, but the traditional photovoltaic power generation system does not have the transient reactor and the super-transient reactor.
4. The invention provides a large amount of dynamic reactive power support by utilizing the strong excitation capability, helps the voltage recovery and the power recovery of a system, prevents voltage collapse and improves the voltage stability level of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system control logic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a general diagram of the control method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a daytime abnormal operation chart of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the abnormal operation of the present invention at night;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the transient overvoltage 120% Un simulation data of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram of short circuit fault 50% Un simulation data of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The power synchronization grid-friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system of the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
The following examples are specific examples that combine all technical features and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a power synchronization grid-friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system, including:
the power supply synchronous grid friendly photovoltaic power generation system is characterized in that Direct Current (DC) generated by a photovoltaic cell panel is boosted and stabilized through a boosting type DC/DC converter and then input into a dragging machine driving converter, the dragging machine driving converter is a DC-AC converter (direct current-to-alternating current), the output alternating current is used for driving a motor M, the motor M generates power through a coaxially connected synchronous generator G, and the generated alternating current is boosted to 35kV or directly connected to the grid through output transformers K5 and K6.
The energy storage system is connected to the direct current side of the traction engine driving converter and is used as an emergency power supply when photovoltaic energy is insufficient. The first auxiliary power is connected to the direct current side of the direct current converter of the towing engine through uncontrolled rectification or thyristor rectification, and when the photovoltaic energy is insufficient and primary frequency modulation is needed or short-circuit fault occurs, the first auxiliary power is used as a standby power supply. The second auxiliary power is used as a synchronous generator excitation power supply through uncontrolled rectification or thyristor rectification, and when the synchronous generator needs reactive power (namely voltage support) support, the purpose of adjusting the reactive power is achieved by adjusting the excitation current of the synchronous generator.
The control system mainly comprises: the system comprises a permanent magnet synchronous motor controller (a permanent magnet synchronous motor driving inverter), an AC/DC rectification excitation cabinet, a quasi-synchronization grid-connected device and a master controller.
1 permanent magnet synchronous motor drive inverter: the control method comprises a rotating speed control mode and a torque control mode, and the rotating speed closed-loop control and the torque closed-loop control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are respectively realized according to an operation mode instruction of a master controller.
2 AC/DC rectification excitation cabinet: the controllable rectification from AC to DC is realized, and the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator is quickly adjusted according to the voltage instruction of the master controller, so that the excitation current is changed, and the reactive output of the synchronous generator is realized.
3, a quasi-synchronization grid connection device: and detecting three-phase voltage at the motor end, three-phase voltage at the power grid side and three-phase current. And once the amplitude difference, the phase difference and the frequency difference reach the grid-connected requirement, a grid-connected closing instruction is sent to a grid-connected cabinet, so that the soft grid connection without impact current is realized.
4, a master controller: the method comprises two stages of pre-grid-connection control and post-grid-connection control.
Pre-grid control
A) Receiving the phase difference and the frequency difference of a quasi-synchronous grid-connected device, outputting a rotating speed instruction through a PI (proportional integral) controller, and then overlapping a rated rotating speed to be used as the rotating speed instruction input of a permanent magnet synchronous motor controller, wherein the permanent magnet synchronous motor controller is in a rotating speed control mode at the moment, and the phase difference and the frequency difference are realized to meet the grid-connected requirement by finely adjusting the rotating speed;
B) receiving the amplitude difference of a quasi-synchronous grid-connected device, outputting a voltage instruction through a PI controller, inputting the voltage instruction as a direct-current voltage instruction of an AC/DC rectifier cabinet, quickly adjusting the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator to change the excitation current, and realizing that the three-phase voltage amplitude of the synchronous generator meets the grid-connected requirement;
C) and after a grid-connected closing instruction, switching the control mode of the permanent magnet synchronous motor controller, and switching the direct-current voltage instruction of the AC/DC rectifier cabinet to a reactive power closed loop.
Controlling after grid connection:
by taking the reference of the fact that a thermal power and hydraulic power generation photovoltaic power station adopts a motor + synchronous generator grid-connected mode, the principle is shown in the figures 1 and 2. The photovoltaic power generation is firstly boosted to direct current with a certain voltage level through a DC/DC controller and then is transmitted to a direct current bus or a direct current transmission line; the stored energy is accessed to a direct current bus or a direct current transmission line through the bidirectional DC/DC, and the new energy is smoothed or stored for power generation; the service power is rectified by a diode and then is connected to a direct current bus or a direct current transmission line; the direct current bus supplies power to drive the motor through the driving converter, and the motor and the synchronous generator rotate coaxially to generate power.
The system operates as follows:
a pre-starting state: preparing data detection before system operation: firstly, a master controller detects the output voltage of a photovoltaic square matrix DC/DC module, controls the output characteristic according to the MPPT of the photovoltaic square matrix DC/DC module, and determines the current photovoltaic power generation instant power output capacity; a quasi-synchronization grid-connected device of the grid-connected cabinet detects and compares the voltage, frequency and phase of the power grid, and outputs voltage regulation data and frequency modulation data which correspondingly ensure grid-connected conditions to a master controller; thirdly, according to the requirements of the power grid, the master controller presets the threshold value of the operation of each working condition of the power grid.
Step 1 (start-up mode): the master controller receives a local starting operation or a remote starting instruction, and according to the data, the master controller determines a system starting mode through comparison: the photovoltaic intensity is sufficient, the data (i) is larger than the operation loss (determined through early-stage calculation and factory test) of the system or a set starting threshold value, and the system operates in the daytime working mode in the step 2; if the photovoltaic intensity is not enough, the data is larger than the operation loss (determined by early calculation and factory test) of the system or a set starting threshold value, and the system operates according to the night working mode in the step 3.
Step 2: and adjusting the rotating speed of the generator set by driving the converter or adjusting the excitation voltage of the generator by an excitation power supply cabinet according to the data to realize synchronous grid connection and grid connection operation of the system. And (4) detecting and judging the power grid parameters in real time according to the data III, and selecting the operation working conditions: the data III is in the normal operation working condition, and the operation is carried out according to the step 2.1 in the normal working mode in the daytime; and if the data III is in the fault operation working condition, the abnormal operation working mode in the daytime is operated according to the step 2.2.
Step 2.1: and (5) a normal working mode in daytime. And judging whether the power grid needs primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support or not by detecting the voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point according to the data III. If the power grid has no primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage supporting requirement, the system operates according to the step 2.1.1; if the power grid has primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage supporting requirements, the system operates according to the step 2.1.2.
Step 2.1.1: according to the AGC instruction and the data I, when the AGC instruction value is larger than or equal to the data I, the main controller calculates the motor torque according to the data I, when the AGC instruction value is smaller than the data I, the main controller calculates the motor torque according to the AGC instruction value, the motor torque calculation result is used as a torque instruction of the driving converter, and the driving converter is in a torque control mode. At the moment, the system transmits all or part of electric energy generated by photovoltaic power generation to a power grid.
Torque calculation formula:
wherein, TsetIndicating the target value of torque (N m), PsetThe power set value (kW) is represented, n represents the rotation speed (r/min), p represents the pole pair number, and f represents the grid connection point voltage frequency.
Step 2.1.2: if the power grid has primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support requirements. When primary frequency modulation is needed and the frequency is reduced, the direct-current side energy storage system is matched with the photovoltaic system to increase active power output, or the auxiliary power is matched with the photovoltaic system to increase the active power output through uncontrolled rectification at the K1; when the frequency rises, the active power output of the power supply synchronous power grid friendly novel power generation grid-connected system is reduced by reducing the active output of the photovoltaic cell panel.
When steady-state voltage support is needed, the auxiliary power supply provides an excitation power supply for the synchronous generator G through uncontrolled rectification at the K2 and the DC/DC module, and the steady-state voltage support effect is achieved by adjusting the excitation current of the synchronous generator to output corresponding reactive power. When the voltage of the grid connection point is reduced, the inductive reactive output is increased; when the voltage of the grid-connected point rises, capacitive reactive output is increased, and the active power output at the moment is determined according to the maximum photovoltaic active output, a dispatching instruction and the maximum active capacity of the generator set.
Step 2.2: and (4) abnormally operating the working mode in the daytime. And judging whether the power grid has transient overvoltage fault or short-circuit fault by detecting the voltage of the grid-connected point. If the power grid has a transient overvoltage fault system, the system operates according to the step 2.2.1; if the power grid has a short-circuit fault, the system operates according to the step 2.2.2.
Step 2.2.1: and providing power grid transient overvoltage fault support according to the data. When the power grid voltage is greater than the data and the set voltage threshold value is reached, the amplitude limiting is performed according to the safe operation of the generator set in the phase advance and the low excitation limiting, the master controller calculates the difference value between the amplitude limiting capacity and the current system output capacity according to the amplitude limiting capacity, the capacity difference value is used as the excitation voltage amplitude reduction amount and is output to the excitation power supply, and the capacitive reactive output is increased, wherein fig. 6 is a 120% Un transient overvoltage simulation data diagram.
When the capacity difference value is smaller than the amplitude limiting capacity, the master controller calculates the difference value capacity of the capacity difference value and the amplitude limiting capacity, calculates the torque of the motor according to the difference value, outputs the torque as a torque instruction to the driving converter, reduces active output, and meanwhile, the difference value capacity can be used as excitation voltage amplitude reduction quantity and output to an excitation power supply, so that capacitive reactive output is increased.
In the process, the master controller monitors various temperature indexes of the generator, and when the temperature is higher than a set temperature threshold value, the master controller calculates the amplitude reduction of the excitation voltage according to the size of a temperature threshold value interval, outputs the amplitude reduction to the excitation power supply to reduce the excitation voltage and reduce capacitive reactive output.
The active output in the process is executed according to the decision of the priority system, namely the phase advance safety maximum capacity capability > AGC instruction > data (i). Meanwhile, the master controller calculates turn-off time according to overvoltage protection requirements of the motor and the grid-connected switch and by combining action time of the grid-connected switch, wherein the overvoltage time is more than the turn-off time, and the controller causes overvoltage faults and enables the grid-connected cabinet to be disconnected; and (4) operating according to the step 2.1 when the overvoltage time is less than or equal to the turn-off time.
Step 2.2.2: and providing power grid short-circuit fault support according to the data III, and referring to a 50% Un simulation data diagram of the short-circuit fault in the figure 7. When three phases or any two phases of the grid voltage are suddenly zero, the master controller enables the driving converter to stop running, the generator runs in a motor mode, the maximum phase current is monitored immediately, the maximum current supporting capacity of the generator set is integrated, the turn-off time of the grid-connected breaker is calculated according to the difference value of the maximum phase current and the maximum current supporting capacity, the short-circuit time is longer than the turn-off time, and the controller enables the grid-connected cabinet to be disconnected; and (3) enabling the master controller to drive the converter to operate when the short-circuit time is less than or equal to the turn-off time, and enabling the generator to normally operate according to the step 2.1.
And step 3: and adjusting the rotating speed of the generator set through the driving converter or adjusting the excitation voltage of the generator through the excitation power supply cabinet according to the data to realize synchronous grid connection and grid connection operation of the system, and giving an instruction to stop driving the converter to stop by the master controller after the grid connection is successful. And (4) detecting and judging the power grid parameters in real time according to the data III, and selecting the operation working conditions: the data III is in the normal operation working condition, and the operation is carried out according to the night normal operation mode in the step 3.1; and if the data III is in the fault operation working condition, the operation is carried out according to the night abnormal operation working mode in the step 3.2.
Step 3.1: and (5) normal working mode at night. And judging whether the power grid needs primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support or not by detecting the voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point according to the data III. If the power grid has no primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage supporting requirement, the system operates according to the step 3.1.1; if the power grid has primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage supporting requirements, the system operates according to the step 3.1.2.
Step 3.1.1: and if the power grid has no primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support requirement. The system is in an unloaded state (hot standby).
Step 3.1.2: if the power grid has primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support requirements. When the frequency is reduced, the direct-current side energy storage system is matched with the power supply synchronous power grid-friendly novel power generation grid-connected system to increase active power output, or the service power is matched with the power supply synchronous power grid-friendly novel power generation grid-connected system to increase active power output through uncontrolled rectification at K1; when the frequency rises, the shared energy storage system outside the station carries out frequency modulation.
When steady-state voltage support is needed, service power passes through uncontrolled rectification at the K2 and then provides an excitation power supply for the generator through the DC/DC module, and corresponding reactive power is output by adjusting the excitation current of the synchronous generator, so that the steady-state voltage support effect is achieved. When the voltage of the grid connection point is reduced, the inductive reactive output is increased; when the voltage of the grid connection point rises, the capacitive reactive output is increased.
Step 3.2: and (5) operating the working mode abnormally at night. And judging whether the transient overvoltage fault or the short-circuit fault occurs in the power grid. If the power grid has transient overvoltage faults, the system operates according to the step 3.2.1; if the power grid has a short-circuit fault, the system operates according to the step 3.2.2.
Step 3.2.1: if the power grid has transient overvoltage faults, firstly, the synchronous generator G in an idle state outputs capacitive reactive power instantly through self response of transient reactance and super-transient reactance, secondly, service power supplies provide an excitation power supply for the synchronous generator through an uncontrolled rectification and boost type DC/DC converter at K2, the capacitive reactive power is provided through adjusting the excitation current, and the problem of the transient overvoltage of the power grid is solved by sharing energy storage outside the station after minutes.
Step 3.2.2: and providing power grid transient overvoltage fault support according to the data. When the voltage of the power grid is larger than the data and the set voltage threshold value is adopted, the amplitude limiting is performed according to the safe operation of the generator set in the phase advance and the low excitation limit, the master controller calculates the difference value between the amplitude limiting capacity and the current system output capacity according to the amplitude limiting capacity, the capacity difference value is used as the amplitude reduction amount of the excitation voltage and is output to the excitation power supply, and the capacitive reactive output is increased. In the process, the master controller monitors various temperature indexes of the generator, and when the temperature is higher than a set threshold, the master controller calculates the amplitude reduction of the excitation voltage according to the size of a temperature threshold interval, outputs the amplitude reduction to the excitation power supply to reduce the excitation voltage and reduce capacitive reactive output.
Meanwhile, the master controller calculates turn-off time according to overvoltage protection requirements of the motor and the grid-connected switch and by combining action time of the grid-connected switch, wherein the overvoltage time is more than the turn-off time, and the controller causes overvoltage faults and enables the grid-connected cabinet to be disconnected; and (4) operating according to the step 3.1 when the overvoltage time is less than or equal to the turn-off time.
And providing power grid short-circuit fault support according to the data. When three phases or any two phases of the grid voltage are suddenly zero, the master controller enables the driving converter to stop running, the generator runs in a motor mode, the maximum phase current is monitored immediately, the maximum current supporting capacity of the generator set is integrated, the turn-off time of the grid-connected breaker is calculated according to the difference value of the maximum phase current and the maximum current supporting capacity, the short-circuit time is longer than the turn-off time, and the controller enables the grid-connected cabinet to be disconnected; and (3) enabling the master controller to drive the converter to operate when the short-circuit time is less than or equal to the turn-off time, and operating the generator according to the step 3.1.
The system can break through the supply and demand constraints of the traditional electric power in time and space, has the characteristics of accurate control, quick response, flexible configuration, flexible power regulation in four quadrants and the like, and has the capability of enabling the photovoltaic power station to participate in the safe and stable operation control of the electric power system. The photovoltaic power generation has the synchronous grid-connection characteristic of thermal power and hydropower, the low-inertia and weak-support characteristic of photovoltaic power generation is greatly improved, and the safe and stable operation level of an extra-high voltage alternating current and direct current power grid is greatly improved; the section of sending out of the electric power system that can make new forms of energy access reaches economic transmission capacity, reaches the thermal stability limit even in prediction, predicts and promotes alternating current power network section transmission capacity, promotes direct current power network section transmission capacity, can further improve new forms of energy consumption and send out the ability.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a power synchronization electric wire netting friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system which characterized in that includes:
the photovoltaic cell panel generates direct current DC, the direct current DC is boosted and stabilized by the boosting type DC/DC converter and then input into the dragging machine driving converter to output alternating current, the output alternating current is used for driving the motor M, the motor M is coaxially connected with the synchronous generator G to generate electricity, the generated alternating current is sequentially subjected to grid connection through a grid-connected AC contactor K5 and a grid-connected AC breaker K6,
the energy storage system is connected to the direct current side of the dragging machine driving converter through a bidirectional DC/DC converter and is used as an emergency power supply with insufficient photovoltaic energy; the first auxiliary power supply is connected to the direct current side of the traction motor driving converter in a rectifying mode and serves as a standby power supply which is insufficient in photovoltaic energy and needs primary frequency modulation or short-circuit fault; the second service power is rectified and then is connected with an excitation winding through an excitation converter to be used as an excitation power supply of the synchronous generator G,
the synchronous generator G is controlled by a dragging machine driving converter, the dragging machine driving converter and an excitation converter are controlled by a master controller, and the control method of the master controller comprises the following steps:
step 1: the master controller receives a starting instruction, starts a daytime working mode or a night working mode, runs the step 2 when the daytime working mode is started, and runs the step 3 when the night working mode is started;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps that a converter is driven by a dragging machine to adjust the rotating speed of a synchronous generator G or the voltage of an excitation power supply, synchronous grid connection is achieved, when the operation condition of a power grid is normal, a step 2.1 of normal operation mode operation in daytime is started, primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support are carried out, otherwise, a step 2.2 of abnormal operation mode operation in daytime is started, and transient overvoltage fault support or voltage short circuit fault support is provided;
step 2.1 the daytime normal operating mode comprises the following steps:
step 2.1.1: when the voltage of the grid-connected point does not exceed the preset dead zone voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point does not exceed the preset dead zone frequency, controlling a dragging machine to drive the torque of a converter, and transmitting the photovoltaic power generation to a power grid;
step 2.1.2: when the voltage of the grid-connected point exceeds the preset dead zone voltage, carrying out steady-state voltage support, when the steady-state voltage of the grid-connected point rises to be higher than the upper limit value of the preset dead zone voltage, adjusting the exciting current of the synchronous generator G, increasing capacitive reactive power output, and when the steady-state voltage of the grid-connected point drops to be lower than the lower limit value of the preset dead zone voltage, increasing inductive reactive power output;
step 2.1.3: when the grid-connected point frequency exceeds the preset dead zone frequency, primary frequency modulation is carried out, when the grid-connected point frequency rises to be higher than the upper limit value of the preset dead zone frequency, the active power output of a system is reduced by reducing the active power output of a photovoltaic cell panel, when the grid-connected point frequency drops to be lower than the lower limit value of the preset dead zone frequency, the active power output is increased through an energy storage system, meanwhile, the grid-connected point frequency rises or drops, and a synchronous generator G generates certain resistance to the rising or dropping of the grid-connected point frequency under the inertia effect of maintaining the original operation mode, so that the grid-connected point frequency is reversely finely adjusted;
and 2.2, in the daytime abnormal operation working mode, carrying out transient overvoltage fault support when the voltage of the grid-connected point is higher than the upper limit of the normal voltage, and carrying out voltage short circuit fault support when the voltage of the grid-connected point is lower than the lower limit of the normal voltage.
2. The power synchronization grid-friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control method of the master controller also comprises the following steps:
and 3, step 3: the method comprises the steps that a converter is driven by a dragging machine to adjust the rotating speed of a synchronous generator G or the voltage of an excitation power supply, synchronous grid connection is achieved, when the operation condition of a power grid is normal, the step 3.1 of operating in a night normal operation mode is started, primary frequency modulation and steady-state voltage support are conducted, otherwise, the step 3.2 of operating in a night abnormal operation mode is started, and transient overvoltage fault support or voltage short circuit fault support is provided.
3. The power synchronization grid-friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system according to claim 2, characterized in that:
step 1, starting a daytime working mode or a nighttime working mode according to the photovoltaic intensity, starting the daytime working mode when the photovoltaic intensity is enough, and starting the nighttime working mode when the photovoltaic intensity is not enough.
4. The grid-friendly synchronous power grid-connected photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system of claim 3, wherein the current photovoltaic power generation instantaneous power is determined by detecting the output voltage of the boost DC/DC converter and the maximum power point tracking, and when the current photovoltaic power generation instantaneous power is greater than a threshold value, the daytime operation mode is started, otherwise, the nighttime operation mode is started.
5. The grid-friendly grid-connected PV power generation system of claim 4,
step 2.2 transient overvoltage fault support in the daytime abnormal operation working mode comprises the following steps:
calculating the difference value between the amplitude limiting capacity and the current system output capacity, outputting the difference value serving as the amplitude reduction quantity of the excitation voltage to an excitation power supply, and increasing capacitive reactive output;
when the capacity difference value is smaller than the amplitude limiting capacity, the master controller calculates the difference value capacity of the capacity difference value and the amplitude limiting capacity, calculates the torque value of the synchronous generator G through the difference value capacity, outputs the torque value to the traction engine driving converter as a torque instruction, reduces active output, simultaneously outputs the difference value capacity which can be used as excitation voltage amplitude reduction quantity to an excitation power supply, and increases capacitive reactive output;
monitoring the temperature index of the synchronous generator G, calculating the amplitude reduction of the excitation voltage when the temperature is greater than a set temperature threshold value, outputting the amplitude reduction to an excitation power supply to reduce the excitation voltage and reduce capacitive reactive output;
fourthly, calculating the turn-off time of the grid-connected switch, and when the overvoltage time is larger than the turn-off time, the system is off-grid; and when the overvoltage time is less than or equal to the turn-off time, operating in a normal working mode in the daytime according to the step 2.1.
6. The grid-friendly grid-connected PV power generation system of claim 5,
step 2.2 voltage short circuit fault support in daytime abnormal operation working mode comprises the following steps: when three phases or any two phases of the grid-connected point voltage are zero, stopping running the dragging machine to drive the converter, running the synchronous generator G in a motor mode, immediately monitoring the maximum phase current, synthesizing the maximum current supporting capability of the generator set, calculating the turn-off time of the grid-connected breaker according to the difference value of the maximum phase current and the maximum current supporting capability, wherein the short-circuit time is longer than the turn-off time, and the system is off-line; and (5) operating the dragging machine to drive the converter when the short-circuit time is less than or equal to the turn-off time, and operating in the normal working mode in the daytime according to the step 2.1.
7. The grid-friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system of claim 2, wherein the step 3.1 night normal operation mode comprises the following steps:
step 3.1.1: when the voltage of the grid-connected point does not exceed the preset dead zone voltage and the frequency of the grid-connected point does not exceed the preset dead zone frequency, the system is in an idle state;
step 3.1.2: when the voltage of the grid-connected point exceeds the preset dead zone voltage, carrying out steady-state voltage support, when the steady-state voltage of the grid-connected point rises to be higher than the upper limit value of the preset dead zone voltage, adjusting the exciting current of the synchronous generator G, increasing capacitive reactive output, and when the steady-state voltage of the grid-connected point drops to be lower than the lower limit value of the preset dead zone voltage, increasing inductive reactive output;
step 3.1.3: when the grid-connected point frequency exceeds the preset dead zone frequency, primary frequency modulation is carried out, when the grid-connected point frequency rises to be higher than the preset dead zone frequency upper limit value, the active power output of a system is reduced by reducing the active power output of a photovoltaic cell panel, when the grid-connected point frequency drops to be lower than the preset dead zone frequency lower limit value, the active power output is increased through an energy storage system, meanwhile, the grid-connected point frequency rises or drops, a synchronous generator G generates certain resistance to the rising or dropping of the grid-connected point frequency under the inertia effect of maintaining the original operation mode, and then the grid-connected point frequency is subjected to reverse fine tuning.
8. The power synchronization grid-friendly photovoltaic power generation grid-connected system according to claim 2, characterized in that:
step 3.2 the night abnormal operation working mode comprises the following steps: if the power grid has transient overvoltage faults, the system operates according to the step 3.2.1; if the power grid has a short-circuit fault, the system operates according to the step 3.2.2;
step 3.2.1: if the transient overvoltage fault occurs to the power grid, firstly, the synchronous generator G in the no-load state outputs capacitive reactive power instantly through self-response of the transient reactance and the super-transient reactance, secondly, service power supplies an excitation power supply for the synchronous generator G, the capacitive reactive power is provided by adjusting the excitation current, and the transient overvoltage fault of the power grid is solved through an energy storage system;
step 3.2.2: if the power grid needs transient overvoltage fault support: when the voltage of a grid-connected point is larger than a voltage threshold, calculating the difference value between the amplitude limiting capacity and the current system output capacity, outputting the difference value serving as the amplitude reduction amount of the excitation voltage to an excitation power supply, increasing the capacitive reactive output, monitoring the temperature index of the synchronous generator G, when the temperature is higher than a set temperature threshold, calculating the amplitude reduction of the excitation voltage, outputting the amplitude reduction of the excitation voltage to the excitation power supply, reducing the excitation voltage and reducing the capacitive reactive output;
if the power grid needs voltage short circuit fault support, calculating the turn-off time of the grid-connected circuit breaker, wherein the overvoltage time is more than the turn-off time, and the system is disconnected; and (4) operating according to the step 3.1 when the overvoltage time is less than or equal to the turn-off time.
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