CN114094214A - Battery thermal safety prevention and control device and method - Google Patents
Battery thermal safety prevention and control device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114094214A CN114094214A CN202111392748.7A CN202111392748A CN114094214A CN 114094214 A CN114094214 A CN 114094214A CN 202111392748 A CN202111392748 A CN 202111392748A CN 114094214 A CN114094214 A CN 114094214A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- battery box
- pressure
- cooling liquid
- thermal safety
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 fins Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IYRWEQXVUNLMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl fluoride Chemical class FC(F)=O IYRWEQXVUNLMAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ABQIAHFCJGVSDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F ABQIAHFCJGVSDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F OKIYQFLILPKULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IDBYQQQHBYGLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane Chemical compound FC1CC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F IDBYQQQHBYGLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SAPOZTRFWJZUFT-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pent-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(/F)=C(\F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F SAPOZTRFWJZUFT-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NOPJRYAFUXTDLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NOPJRYAFUXTDLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XCYAHNRKYNCDAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pent-1-ene Chemical compound FC(C=C)(C(C(F)(F)F)F)C(F)(F)F XCYAHNRKYNCDAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RMLFHPWPTXWZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N novec 1230 Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F RMLFHPWPTXWZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YBDACTXVEXNYOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(F)(F)(F)F.[Li] Chemical compound C(F)(F)(F)F.[Li] YBDACTXVEXNYOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A battery thermal safety prevention and control device and method. The device comprises a battery box, a pressure control valve, a one-way valve, a liquefying device, a flame-retardant porous material, fins, cooling liquid, a gas conveying pipeline and a liquid return pipeline; the invention has the following effects: the battery is directly contacted with the cooling liquid by utilizing the phase change heat absorption principle of the environment-friendly insulating cooling liquid, so that the temperature of the battery can be quickly and effectively reduced, and the temperature control effect is good; the battery box with the efficient heat dissipation function is adopted, and other auxiliary heat dissipation devices are not needed for the heat dissipation requirements of the battery under most conditions, so that the structure and the working process of the battery heat prevention and control device can be greatly simplified; the built-in flame-retardant porous material can effectively reduce the consumption of cooling liquid, thereby reducing the use cost and the weight of the device; aiming at the heating conditions (such as short circuit, thermal runaway and the like) of the extreme battery, the external liquefying device can be used for carrying out enhanced cooling, thereby comprehensively ensuring the thermal safety of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery fire safety, and particularly relates to a battery thermal safety prevention and control device and method.
Background
Batteries are widely used as a convenient energy carrier, but because the batteries are easy to generate thermal runaway to cause fire explosion accidents, the thermal safety problem is always the focus of general social attention. Numerous studies have shown that cooling is one of the most effective means for suppressing thermal runaway and fire in batteries. The cooling technology commonly used at present comprises: the cooling device comprises an air cooling device, a heat pipe, an indirect liquid cooling device and an immersed liquid cooling device, wherein the air cooling effect is the worst, and the battery cooling requirement under extreme conditions cannot be met; the heat pipe technology is complex, and an air conditioning system needs to be additionally configured; the indirect liquid cooling adopts the circulation of liquids such as water, alcohol solvents and the like in parts such as a sleeve, a jacket, a cold plate and the like for cooling, the cooling effect is general, and the risk of liquid leakage and short circuit exists; the immersed liquid cooling adopts insulating liquid to directly soak the battery, and the cooling effect is best. However, the research on the battery immersion liquid cooling technology is less, so the development of a battery thermal safety prevention and control device based on the immersion liquid cooling technology is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a simple and efficient device and method for preventing and controlling thermal safety of a battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the thermal safety prevention and control device for the battery comprises a battery box, a pressure control valve, a one-way valve, a liquefying device, a flame-retardant porous material, fins, cooling liquid, a gas conveying pipeline and a liquid return pipeline, wherein the pressure control valve is arranged on the battery box; the battery box is a pressure-resistant closed container with a good heat dissipation effect, a battery pack is placed in the battery box, the upper part and the lower part of the battery box are respectively provided with a gaseous cooling liquid outlet and a liquid cooling liquid return port, and fins are arranged on the outer surface of the battery box; the flame-retardant porous material is arranged between adjacent batteries in the battery pack in the battery box, and cooling liquid is filled in the battery box, so that the battery pack is soaked in the cooling liquid; two ends of the gas conveying pipeline are respectively connected with a gaseous cooling liquid outlet of the battery box and an inlet of the liquefying device, and the middle part of the gas conveying pipeline is provided with a pressure control valve and a one-way valve; two ends of the liquid return pipeline are respectively connected with an outlet of the liquefying device and a liquid cooling liquid return port of the battery box, and a one-way valve is arranged in the middle of the liquid return pipeline; the cables inside and outside the battery box are connected by adopting a sealing aviation plug.
The battery thermal safety prevention and control device also comprises an overvoltage protection device arranged on the top surface of the battery box.
The flame-retardant porous material is selected from at least one of graphite carbon felt, quartz cotton, superfine glass cotton, high-silicon-oxygen cotton, polyurethane foam cotton and silicon dioxide aerogel felt.
The cooling liquid is at least one of hydrofluoroolefin compounds, hydrofluoroether hydrocarbon compounds, perfluoroketone compounds and hydrofluorocycloalkane hydrocarbon compounds; wherein the hydrofluoroolefin compounds comprise cis-1, 1,1,4,4,4, -hexafluoro-2-butene, trans-1, 1,1,4,4,4, -hexafluoro-2-butene, 3,4,5,5, 5-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) pent-1-ene and 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) pent-2-ene; hydrofluoroether hydrocarbons include 1-methoxy-nonafluorobutane and 1-methoxy-heptafluoropropane; the perfluoroketone compounds comprise perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone and perfluoro-3-methyl-2-butanone; the hydrofluorocycloalkane compound is 1,2,2,3,3,4, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane.
The battery box is made of metal materials including stainless steel, iron or aluminum alloy.
The boiling point range of the cooling liquid is 20-120 ℃;
the opening pressure of the pressure control valve is equal to 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery.
The battery pack is composed of a plurality of batteries which are connected in series and/or in parallel, and the batteries comprise lithium ion batteries, lithium primary batteries, lithium carbon fluoride batteries, lithium solid-state batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium ion batteries and fuel batteries.
The battery thermal safety prevention and control method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: when the temperature of the battery is in a specified working temperature range and the gas pressure generated by gasifying the cooling liquid in the battery box is less than 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the heat released by the battery can be quickly transferred to the battery box through the cooling liquid and then quickly released to the ambient environment through the battery box and the fins, and the pressure control valve is not opened; in other words, the heat released by the battery is not large in this case, so that the temperature can be controlled only by cooling the cooling liquid and radiating the battery box and the fins;
when the temperature of the battery is in a specified working temperature range but the gas pressure generated by gasifying the cooling liquid in the battery box reaches 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the pressure control valve automatically opens, the gas flows into the liquefying device through the gas conveying pipeline through the one-way valve until the pressure in the battery box is reduced to be lower than 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, and the pressure control valve automatically closes to prevent the battery from being damaged due to the overlarge pressure in the battery box; the gas entering the liquefying device is liquefied and then flows back to the lower part of the battery box through a liquid return pipeline and a one-way valve so as to keep enough cooling liquid in the battery box to cool the battery;
when the temperature of the battery rises sharply due to short circuit and thermal runaway, the cooling liquid around the battery absorbs heat and is quickly gasified, so that the gas pressure is increased, when the gas pressure reaches 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the pressure control valve is automatically opened, the gas flows into the liquefying device through the gas conveying pipeline through the one-way valve until the pressure in the battery box is reduced to be below 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, and the pressure control valve is automatically closed; the gas entering the liquefying device is liquefied and then flows back to the lower part of the battery box through a liquid return pipeline and a one-way valve to keep enough cooling liquid in the battery box, so that the battery is cooled forcibly, and the steps are repeated until the temperature of the battery reaches the working temperature range;
when the pressure in the battery box exceeds 5MPa, the overvoltage protection device is opened to release the pressure outwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the battery is directly contacted with the cooling liquid by utilizing the phase change heat absorption principle of the environment-friendly insulating cooling liquid, so that the temperature of the battery can be quickly and effectively reduced, and the temperature control effect is good;
(2) the battery box with the efficient heat dissipation function is adopted, and other auxiliary heat dissipation devices are not needed for the heat dissipation requirements of the battery under most conditions, so that the structure and the working process of the battery heat prevention and control device can be greatly simplified;
(3) the built-in flame-retardant porous material can effectively reduce the using amount of the cooling liquid through the micropore adsorption effect, thereby reducing the using cost of the cooling liquid and the weight of the device;
(4) aiming at the heating conditions (such as short circuit, thermal runaway and the like) of the extreme battery, the external liquefying device can be used for carrying out enhanced cooling, thereby comprehensively ensuring the thermal safety of the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the thermal safety device for a battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the external structure of a battery box in the thermal safety device for batteries according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the drawings, which are not intended to limit the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or improvements according to the basic idea of the invention, but they are within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the thermal safety prevention and control device for a battery provided by the invention comprises a battery box 1, a pressure control valve 3, a one-way valve 4, a liquefying device 5, a flame-retardant porous material 9, fins 10, a cooling liquid 11, a gas conveying pipeline 12 and a liquid return pipeline 13; the battery box 1 is a pressure-resistant closed container with a good heat dissipation effect, a battery pack 8 is placed in the battery box, the upper part and the lower part of the battery box are respectively provided with a gaseous cooling liquid outlet 2 and a liquid cooling liquid return port 6, and the outer surface of the battery box is provided with fins 10; the flame-retardant porous material 9 is arranged between adjacent batteries in the battery pack 8 in the battery box 1, and the battery box 1 is filled with cooling liquid 11, so that the battery pack 8 is immersed in the cooling liquid 11; two ends of the gas conveying pipeline 12 are respectively connected with the gaseous cooling liquid outlet 2 of the battery box 1 and the inlet of the liquefying device 5, and the middle part of the gas conveying pipeline is provided with a pressure control valve 3 and a one-way valve 4; two ends of the liquid return pipeline 13 are respectively connected with the outlet of the liquefying device 5 and the liquid cooling liquid return port 6 of the battery box 1, and the middle part is provided with a one-way valve 4; the cables inside and outside the battery box 1 are connected by adopting a sealing aviation plug.
The battery thermal safety prevention and control device further includes an overvoltage protector 7 mounted on the top surface of the battery case 1 to prevent the pressure inside the battery case 1 from exceeding the withstand pressure of the battery case 1.
The flame-retardant porous material 9 is at least one selected from graphite carbon felt, quartz cotton, superfine glass wool, high-silicon-oxygen cotton, polyurethane foam cotton and silica aerogel felt.
The cooling liquid 11 is at least one of hydrofluoroolefin compounds, hydrofluoroether hydrocarbon compounds, perfluoroketone compounds and hydrofluorocycloalkane hydrocarbon compounds; wherein the hydrofluoroolefin compounds comprise cis-1, 1,1,4,4,4, -hexafluoro-2-butene, trans-1, 1,1,4,4,4, -hexafluoro-2-butene, 3,4,5,5, 5-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) pent-1-ene, and 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) pent-2-ene; hydrofluoroether hydrocarbons include 1-methoxy-nonafluorobutane and 1-methoxy-heptafluoropropane; the perfluoroketone compounds comprise perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone and perfluoro-3-methyl-2-butanone; the hydrofluorocycloalkane compound is 1,2,2,3,3,4, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane.
The battery box 1 is made of metal materials including stainless steel, iron or aluminum alloy.
The boiling point range of the cooling liquid 11 is 20-120 ℃;
the opening pressure of the pressure control valve 3 is equal to 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery.
The battery pack 8 is composed of a plurality of batteries connected in series and/or in parallel, and the batteries include lithium ion batteries, lithium primary batteries, lithium fluorocarbon batteries, lithium solid-state batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium ion batteries and fuel batteries.
The battery thermal safety prevention and control method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: when the temperature of the battery is in a specified working temperature range and the gas pressure generated by gasifying the cooling liquid 11 in the battery box 1 is less than 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the heat released by the battery can be quickly conducted to the battery box 1 through the cooling liquid 11 and then quickly released to the ambient environment through the battery box 1 and the fins 10, and the pressure control valve 3 is not opened; in other words, in this case, the heat released by the battery is not large, so that temperature control can be realized only by cooling the cooling liquid 11 and radiating the heat of the battery box 1 and the fins 10;
when the temperature of the battery is in a specified working temperature range but the gas pressure generated by gasifying the cooling liquid 11 in the battery box reaches 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the pressure control valve 3 is automatically opened, the gas flows into the liquefying device 5 through the gas conveying pipeline 12 through the one-way valve 4 until the pressure in the battery box 1 is reduced to be lower than 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, and the pressure control valve 3 is automatically closed to prevent the battery from being damaged due to the overlarge pressure in the battery box 1; the gas entering the liquefying device 5 is liquefied and then flows back to the lower part of the battery box 1 through the liquid return pipeline 13 and the one-way valve 4 so as to keep enough cooling liquid 11 in the battery box 1 to cool the battery;
when the temperature of the battery is rapidly increased due to short circuit and thermal runaway, the cooling liquid 11 around the battery absorbs heat and is rapidly gasified, so that the gas pressure is increased, when the gas pressure reaches 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the pressure control valve 3 is automatically opened, the gas flows into the liquefying device 5 through the gas conveying pipeline 12 through the one-way valve 4 until the pressure in the battery box 1 is reduced to be less than 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, and the pressure control valve 3 is automatically closed; the gas entering the liquefying device 5 is liquefied and then flows back to the lower part of the battery box 1 through the liquid return pipeline 13 and the one-way valve 4 to keep enough cooling liquid 11 in the battery box 1, so that the battery is cooled forcibly, and the steps are repeated until the temperature of the battery reaches the working temperature range;
when the pressure in the battery box 1 exceeds 5MPa, the overvoltage protection device 7 is opened to release the pressure outwards.
In order to verify the effect of the present invention, the present inventors conducted the following experiment:
performance test experiment 1
20 lithium ion battery packs (monomer battery voltage 4.2V, capacity 3500mAh) connected in series are placed in a stainless steel battery box, aluminum radiating fins are welded on the outer surface of the battery box, a graphite carbon felt with the thickness of 8mm is placed between the batteries, 1/2-volume cis-1, 1,1,4,4,4, -hexafluoro-2-butene is filled in the battery box, and the battery packs are subjected to charge-discharge circulation at a high rate of 10C. The test result shows that the temperature of the battery is always kept at about 33 ℃, and the pressure in the battery box is about 0.16 MPa.
20 lithium ion battery packs (monomer battery voltage 4.2V, capacity 3500mAh) connected in series are placed in a stainless steel battery box, aluminum radiating fins are welded on the outer surface of the battery box, superfine glass wool with the thickness of 8mm is placed between the batteries, 1-methoxy-nonafluorobutane with the volume of 1/2 is filled in the battery box, and the battery packs are subjected to charge-discharge circulation at the rate of 10C. The test result shows that the temperature of the battery is always kept about 38 ℃, and the pressure in the battery box is about 0 MPa.
20 lithium ion battery packs (monomer battery voltage 4.2V, capacity 3500mAh) connected in series are placed in a stainless steel battery box, aluminum radiating fins are welded on the outer surface of the battery box, high-silicon cotton with the thickness of 12mm is placed between the batteries, 1/2-volume perfluoro-3-methyl-2-butanone is filled in the battery box, and the battery packs are subjected to charge-discharge circulation at a high rate of 10C. The test result shows that the temperature of the battery is always kept at about 36 ℃, and the pressure in the battery box is about 0 MPa.
20 lithium ion battery packs (monomer battery voltage 4.2V, capacity 3500mAh) connected in series are placed in a stainless steel battery box, aluminum radiating fins are welded on the outer surface of the battery box, high-silicon cotton with the thickness of 12mm is placed between the batteries, 1/2- volume 1,2,2,3,3,4, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane is filled in the battery box, and the battery packs are subjected to charge-discharge circulation at a high rate of 10C. The test result shows that the temperature of the battery is always kept at about 40 ℃, and the pressure in the battery box is about 0 MPa.
20 lithium ion battery packs (monomer battery voltage 4.2V, capacity 3500mAh) connected in series are placed in a stainless steel battery box, copper radiating fins are welded on the outer surface of the battery box, high silicon-oxygen cotton with the thickness of 12mm is placed between the batteries, and 1/2-volume of perfluoro-3-methyl-2-butanone is filled in the battery box. The battery pack is directly externally short-circuited. The test result shows that the maximum temperature of the battery is about 49 ℃, and the pressure in the battery box is about 0.1 MPa.
Performance comparison test experiment 1
20 lithium ion battery packs (the voltage of a single battery is 4.2V, the capacity of the single battery is 3500mAh) which are connected in series are placed in a stainless steel battery box, the outer surface of the battery box does not contain any heat dissipation structure, high silicon-oxygen cotton with the thickness of 12mm is placed between the batteries, no refrigerant is added in the battery box, and a fan is placed outside the battery box for forced air cooling. The battery pack is subjected to charge-discharge circulation at a large multiplying power of 10C, and test results show that the temperature of the battery reaches up to 103 ℃.
Performance comparison test experiment 2
20 lithium ion battery packs (the voltage of a single battery is 4.2V, the capacity of the single battery is 3500mAh) which are connected in series are placed in a stainless steel battery box, the outer surface of the battery box does not contain any heat dissipation structure, high silicon-oxygen cotton with the thickness of 12mm is placed between the batteries, no refrigerant is added in the battery box, and a fan is placed outside the battery box for forced air cooling. The battery pack is directly subjected to external short circuit, and test results show that the maximum temperature of the battery reaches about 140 ℃, and a battery pressure relief hole is opened, so that the battery fails.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a battery thermal safety prevention and control device which characterized in that: the battery thermal safety prevention and control device comprises a battery box (1), a pressure control valve (3), a one-way valve (4), a liquefying device (5), a flame-retardant porous material (9), fins (10), cooling liquid (11), a gas conveying pipeline (12) and a liquid return pipeline (13); the battery box (1) is a pressure-resistant closed container with a good heat dissipation effect, a battery pack (8) is placed in the battery box, the upper part and the lower part of the battery box are respectively provided with a gaseous cooling liquid outlet (2) and a liquid cooling liquid return port (6), and the outer surface of the battery box is provided with fins (10); the flame-retardant porous material (9) is arranged between adjacent batteries in the battery pack (8) in the battery box (1), and the battery box (1) is filled with cooling liquid (11), so that the battery pack (8) is immersed in the cooling liquid (11); two ends of the gas conveying pipeline (12) are respectively connected with a gaseous cooling liquid outlet (2) of the battery box (1) and an inlet of the liquefying device (5), and the middle part of the gas conveying pipeline is provided with a pressure control valve (3) and a one-way valve (4); two ends of the liquid return pipeline (13) are respectively connected with an outlet of the liquefying device (5) and a liquid cooling liquid return port (6) of the battery box (1), and the middle part of the liquid return pipeline is provided with a one-way valve (4); the cables inside and outside the battery box (1) are connected by adopting a sealing aviation plug.
2. The thermal safety prevention and control device for battery according to claim 1, wherein: the battery thermal safety prevention and control device also comprises an overvoltage protection device (7) arranged on the top surface of the battery box (1).
3. The battery thermal safety prevention and control device according to claim 1, wherein: the flame-retardant porous material (9) is selected from at least one of graphite carbon felt, quartz cotton, superfine glass cotton, high-silicon-oxygen cotton, polyurethane foam cotton and silica aerogel felt.
4. The thermal safety prevention and control device for battery according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid (11) is at least one selected from hydro fluoro olefin compounds, hydro fluoro ether hydrocarbon compounds, perfluoro ketone compounds and hydro fluoro naphthenic hydrocarbon compounds; wherein the hydrofluoroolefin compounds comprise cis-1, 1,1,4,4,4, -hexafluoro-2-butene, trans-1, 1,1,4,4,4, -hexafluoro-2-butene, 3,4,5,5, 5-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) pent-1-ene, and 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5, 5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) pent-2-ene; hydrofluoroether hydrocarbons include 1-methoxy-nonafluorobutane and 1-methoxy-heptafluoropropane; the perfluoroketone compounds comprise perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone and perfluoro-3-methyl-2-butanone; the hydrofluorocycloalkane compound is 1,2,2,3,3,4, 4-heptafluorocyclopentane.
5. The thermal safety prevention and control device for battery according to claim 1, wherein: the battery box (1) is made of metal materials including stainless steel, iron or aluminum alloy.
6. The thermal safety prevention and control device for battery according to claim 1, wherein: the boiling point range of the cooling liquid (11) is 20-120 ℃.
7. The thermal safety prevention and control device for battery according to claim 1, wherein: the opening pressure of the pressure control valve (3) is equal to 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery.
8. The thermal safety prevention and control device for battery according to claim 1, wherein: the battery pack (8) is composed of a plurality of batteries which are connected in series and/or in parallel, and the batteries comprise lithium ion batteries, lithium primary batteries, lithium carbon fluoride batteries, lithium solid-state batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium ion batteries and fuel batteries.
9. A battery thermal safety prevention and control method using the battery thermal safety prevention and control device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the battery thermal safety prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
when the temperature of the battery is in a specified working temperature range and the gas pressure generated by gasifying the cooling liquid (11) in the battery box (1) is less than 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the heat released by the battery is quickly conducted to the battery box (1) through the cooling liquid (11) and then quickly released to the ambient environment through the battery box (1) and the fins (10), and the pressure control valve (3) is not opened; in other words, the heat released by the battery is not large, so that the temperature can be controlled only by cooling the cooling liquid (11) and radiating the heat of the battery box (1) and the fins (10);
when the temperature of the battery is in a specified working temperature range but the gas pressure generated by gasifying the cooling liquid (11) in the battery box reaches 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the pressure control valve (3) is automatically opened, and then the gas flows into the liquefying device (5) through the gas conveying pipeline (12) through the one-way valve (4) until the pressure in the battery box (1) is reduced to be lower than 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, and the pressure control valve (3) is automatically closed to prevent the battery from being damaged due to the overlarge pressure in the battery box (1); the gas entering the liquefying device (5) is liquefied and then flows back to the lower part of the battery box (1) through the liquid return pipeline (13) and the one-way valve (4) so as to keep enough cooling liquid (11) in the battery box (1) to cool the battery;
when the temperature of the battery is rapidly increased due to short circuit and thermal runaway, the cooling liquid (11) around the battery absorbs heat and is rapidly gasified, so that the gas pressure is increased, when the gas pressure reaches 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery, the pressure control valve (3) is automatically opened, the gas flows into the liquefying device (5) through the gas conveying pipeline (12) through the one-way valve (4), and the pressure control valve (3) is automatically closed until the pressure in the battery box (1) is reduced to be less than 90% of the maximum bearing pressure of the battery; the gas entering the liquefying device (5) is liquefied and then flows back to the lower part of the battery box (1) through a liquid return pipeline (13) and a one-way valve (4) to keep enough cooling liquid (11) in the battery box (1), so that the battery is forcibly cooled, and the steps are repeated until the temperature of the battery reaches the working temperature range;
when the pressure in the battery box (1) exceeds 5MPa, the overvoltage protection device (7) is opened to release the pressure outwards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111392748.7A CN114094214B (en) | 2021-11-23 | 2021-11-23 | Battery thermal safety prevention and control device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111392748.7A CN114094214B (en) | 2021-11-23 | 2021-11-23 | Battery thermal safety prevention and control device and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114094214A true CN114094214A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
| CN114094214B CN114094214B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
Family
ID=80303105
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111392748.7A Active CN114094214B (en) | 2021-11-23 | 2021-11-23 | Battery thermal safety prevention and control device and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114094214B (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103996887A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-20 | 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 | Cell module with heat-radiation capability |
| CN105161644A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏科技大学 | Flexibly-packaged single battery based battery box |
| CN207947366U (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-10-09 | 惠州比亚迪电池有限公司 | A kind of battery heat dissipation device, vehicle and energy-storage system |
| CN209249603U (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-08-13 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Sealing immersion cell packet and its cooling system based on fluorination liquid |
| CN212434717U (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2021-01-29 | 大连理工大学 | Two-phase immersed cooling system with multi-module sharing one condensation cavity |
| CN112993440A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-06-18 | 鹤山市世拓电子科技有限公司 | Flame-proof battery pack |
| CN113206271A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Immersed cooling system and method for fuel cell |
| CN214378643U (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-10-08 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | High heat dissipation power module |
| CN214625171U (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-11-05 | 苏州黑盾环境股份有限公司 | Novel high-density energy storage battery thermal management liquid cooling system based on fluorinated liquid |
-
2021
- 2021-11-23 CN CN202111392748.7A patent/CN114094214B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103996887A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-20 | 微宏动力系统（湖州）有限公司 | Cell module with heat-radiation capability |
| CN105161644A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 江苏科技大学 | Flexibly-packaged single battery based battery box |
| CN207947366U (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-10-09 | 惠州比亚迪电池有限公司 | A kind of battery heat dissipation device, vehicle and energy-storage system |
| CN209249603U (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-08-13 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Sealing immersion cell packet and its cooling system based on fluorination liquid |
| CN212434717U (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2021-01-29 | 大连理工大学 | Two-phase immersed cooling system with multi-module sharing one condensation cavity |
| CN214378643U (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-10-08 | 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 | High heat dissipation power module |
| CN112993440A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-06-18 | 鹤山市世拓电子科技有限公司 | Flame-proof battery pack |
| CN214625171U (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-11-05 | 苏州黑盾环境股份有限公司 | Novel high-density energy storage battery thermal management liquid cooling system based on fluorinated liquid |
| CN113206271A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-03 | 四川荣创新能动力系统有限公司 | Immersed cooling system and method for fuel cell |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114094214B (en) | 2024-01-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103390485B (en) | A kind of strong cold transformer of liquid nitrogen and refrigerating method thereof | |
| EP3322015A1 (en) | Battery | |
| CN105206895A (en) | Cooling method of battery pack and battery pack with cooling device | |
| WO2017011974A1 (en) | Battery pack and battery pack system | |
| CN106816564A (en) | The cold safety battery bag of complete immersion formula liquid | |
| CN106684504A (en) | Half-immersion type liquid-cooling safety battery bag | |
| CN107134605A (en) | One kind evaporation cooling flame-proof battery system | |
| CN112786997A (en) | Power battery pack thermal management system based on immersed boiling heat transfer | |
| CN103730705A (en) | Super-capacity lithium ion battery pack with heat-transfer oil circulating radiating device | |
| CN111952510A (en) | Immersed liquid cooling energy storage system | |
| CN116683093A (en) | Immersed liquid cooling system and energy storage system | |
| CN206893643U (en) | The cold safety battery bag of complete immersion formula liquid | |
| CN114094214A (en) | Battery thermal safety prevention and control device and method | |
| CN106816667A (en) | The non-steeped cold safety battery bag of formula liquid | |
| CN219832368U (en) | Oil immersed transformer with explosion-proof protection architecture | |
| CN206893759U (en) | The cold safety battery bag of half immersion type liquid | |
| CN209216600U (en) | Containment cooling device | |
| WO2023036248A1 (en) | Battery tank for large-scale energy storage system, and explosion venting method | |
| CN115706279A (en) | Method and device for cooling and inflaming retarding battery pack | |
| CN216871952U (en) | Phase change cooled IGBT module | |
| CN115714214A (en) | Cold and hot automatic control device and method for mobile industrial power supply | |
| CN207458719U (en) | One kind can self-extinguishing parallel connection radiation type power transformation case | |
| CN114156249A (en) | Phase change cooled IGBT module | |
| CN206893760U (en) | The non-steeped cold safety battery bag of formula liquid | |
| CN207199425U (en) | A kind of low noise dry-type transformer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |