CN114089347A - Frequency multiplication differential laser triangular distance measuring device and method - Google Patents
Frequency multiplication differential laser triangular distance measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
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- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of optical measurement technology and application, and particularly relates to a frequency multiplication differential laser triangulation distance measuring device and method. In order to solve the problem that the measurement precision is reduced due to stray light interference when the device is applied to a complex measurement environment, the device comprises a semiconductor laser, a temperature probe tightly matched with the laser, a heat conduction block, a semiconductor refrigeration sheet tightly matched with the heat conduction block, a radiating fin tightly matched with the other side of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet, a heat insulation layer sandwiched between the heat conduction block and the radiating fin, and a temperature control module connected with the output end of the temperature probe and the input end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet; the heat conducting block completely wraps the laser and the temperature probe; the emergent optical axis is sequentially provided with a first focusing lens group, a reflector, a second focusing lens group and a linear array camera; the signal output end of the frequency multiplier is connected with the trigger end of the linear array camera; the signal processing device is connected with the output end of the linear array camera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical measurement technology and application, and particularly relates to a frequency multiplication differential laser triangulation distance measuring device and method.
Background
The laser ranging sensor based on the triangular ranging principle has the excellent characteristics of non-contact, high precision, high speed, easy intelligent integration and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of aviation, mechanical manufacturing, industrial automatic production and the like. The principle of the laser triangulation distance measuring method is that a beam of laser irradiates a measured target at a certain incident angle, laser spots reflected from the surface of the measured target are converged and imaged on a CCD (charge coupled device) by a lens at another angle, and when the measured target moves along the laser direction, the imaging position of the spots on the CCD also moves, so that the distance value between the measured target and a base line can be calculated according to geometric trigonometry and spot displacement. However, when the method collects the emission spot signals, the interference of ambient stray light is inevitable, so that the definition of the imaging spots is greatly reduced, and the distance measurement error is increased. The general methods for suppressing ambient stray light include: (1) the narrow-band filter method is to place a narrow-band filter with central wavelength corresponding to laser wavelength in front of CCD to filter out the interference of stray light of other wavelengths. But the method is limited to the bandwidth and transmittance curve of the optical filter, and cannot filter stray light near the laser wavelength and completely filter light of other wavelengths; (2) the filter algorithm is used for filtering stray light signals through various filtering algorithms, but the method cannot eliminate noise interference of a low-frequency or constant external light source; (3) the threshold algorithm is to remove noise light signals with low intensity, scattered light and wide distribution by setting an upper threshold, but the method reduces the image segmentation precision of signal spots.
Through the search discovery to prior art, study and improvement have been carried out to laser triangle range unit structure among the prior art, include: the chinese patent application publication No. 102147234B discloses a laser triangulation distance measuring sensor, in which a non-axisymmetric lens is added to a receiving lens group portion, thereby correcting the nonlinearity of the laser triangulation distance measuring sensor in principle and solving the problem of non-uniform resolution. The chinese patent publication No. 110118971B discloses a laser triangulation ranging device, which uses multi-level diffraction light relay imaging to realize segmented multiplexing with a CCD with limited pixel number over an extended range, and can realize large-range high-speed absolute distance measurement without a motion mechanism and with unchanged accuracy. The practical performance of laser triangle distance measurement is improved by the technology, but the problem that the measurement precision is reduced due to the interference of the stray light of the environment exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a frequency multiplication differential laser triangulation distance measuring device and method, aiming at solving the technical problem that the measurement precision is reduced due to stray light interference when the device is applied to a complex measurement environment at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a frequency multiplication differential laser triangular distance measuring device comprises a semiconductor laser, a temperature probe, a heat conducting block, a semiconductor refrigerating sheet, a heat insulating layer, a heat radiating sheet box body, a first focusing lens group, a measured object surface, a power supply, a temperature control module, a signal generator, a frequency multiplier, a linear array camera, a signal processing device, a second focusing lens group and a reflector;
the semiconductor laser comprises a semiconductor laser body, a semiconductor cooling piece, a heat radiating fin box body, a heat insulating layer, a power supply and a temperature control module, wherein the outer surface of the semiconductor laser body is provided with a temperature probe, the semiconductor laser body and the temperature probe are wrapped in the heat conducting block, the outer surface of the heat conducting block is provided with the semiconductor cooling piece, the heat conducting block is arranged in the heat radiating fin box body, the heat insulating layer is filled in the heat radiating fin box body, the heat conducting block is prevented from contacting with the heat radiating fin box body, the semiconductor cooling piece is tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat radiating fin box body, the output end of the temperature probe is connected with the input end of the temperature control module, the output end of the temperature control module is connected with the semiconductor cooling piece, and the power supply is connected with the power supply interface of the semiconductor laser body;
emergent light of the semiconductor laser sequentially passes through the first focusing lens group, the surface of an object to be detected, the reflector, the second focusing lens group and the linear array camera, the output end of the signal generator is divided into two paths, one path of the output end is connected with the signal input end of the semiconductor laser, the other path of the output end is connected with the signal input end of the frequency multiplier, the signal output end of the frequency multiplier is connected with the trigger end of the linear array camera, and the output end of the linear array camera is connected with the signal processing device. The signal processing device is a computer, an FPGA or a DSP.
The frequency multiplication differential laser triangular distance measuring device mainly comprises a laser triangular distance measuring device and a signal frequency multiplication device. The laser triangular distance measuring device comprises a temperature control device, a laser triangular distance measuring device, a linear array camera, a signal processing device and a temperature control device, wherein the temperature control device is used for controlling the temperature of a semiconductor laser to emit laser, the laser is irradiated to the surface of a measured object through a first focusing lens group, reflected light spot signals are received and converted into digital signals through the reflector and a second focusing lens, the digital signals are transmitted to the signal processing device for analysis and processing, and finally, an absolute distance value is calculated; the signal frequency multiplier consists of a signal generator and a frequency multiplier, wherein the generation period of the signal generator is T1Duty ratio of<50% high level duration T1H=T1The square wave pulse signal with x duty ratio is divided into two paths, one path is used for triggering the laser to emit with the emitting period of T1Pulse width of T1HThe other path of the pulse laser is transmitted to a frequency multiplier to generate a period of T2=T1A/2 frequency-doubling pulse signal for triggering the linear array camera to cycle T2And (6) taking a picture. Here, the time interval T for two frames is continuously taken by the line camera2Greater than laser pulse width T1HTherefore, one frame of the two frames of images recorded by the line camera contains the light spot signal, and the other frame does not contain the light spot signal, so that the subsequent differential calculation is facilitated.
A frequency multiplication differential laser triangulation distance measuring method using the device comprises the following steps:
step 1, device construction: setting up the frequency multiplication differential laser triangulation ranging device, adjusting device parameters and ensuring that clear images are formed in a preset measuring range;
step 3, calculating the position of the light spot: filtering the light spot image after image difference preprocessing, and then obtaining the position x of the pixel point where the light spot center is locatedi;
Step 4, scaling modeling: multiple groups of absolute distances h are acquired by step length delta h by utilizing frequency multiplication differential laser triangular distance measuring deviceiAnd pixel point position xiPerforming fitting regression according to the following geometric trigonometric relation, and thus establishing a calibration model of the distance h;
in the formula (d)0Is the distance from the surface of the object to be measured to the center of the reflector, d1Is the distance from the center of the mirror to the center of the second focusing lens group, d2The distance from the center of the second focusing lens group to the linear array camera, l is the total length of the light sensing units of the linear array camera, n is the number of the light sensing units of the linear array camera, theta is the included angle between the emergent optical axis and the receiving optical axis, beta is the smaller included angle between the linear array camera and the receiving optical axis, and a and b are regression coefficients;
step 5, ranging: and substituting the x value of the pixel point position measured in real time into the calibration model to obtain the real-time absolute distance h of the surface of the measured object.
Further, in step 3, the speckle image is filtered firstly by using a morphological filtering method or a gaussian filtering method, and the position x of the pixel point where the center of the speckle is located is obtainediUsing centroid method, fitting method or interpolation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
based on the laser triangulation ranging technology, the interference of environment stray light on the laser triangulation ranging result is effectively removed by adopting a frequency doubling photographing and image difference method, and the ranging precision is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency-doubling differential laser triangulation ranging apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a frequency multiplier;
FIG. 3 is a spot diagram collected by the line camera and a spot diagram after differential preprocessing;
FIG. 4 is a relational expression between an absolute distance h and a pixel position x;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the gray scale values of light spots collected by a line-scan camera1;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the gray scale values of light spots collected by a line-scan camera2;
FIG. 7 is a diagram b of the gray values of the light spots after frequency multiplication and difference1。
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a frequency doubling differential laser triangulation ranging device comprises a semiconductor laser 1, a temperature probe 2, a heat conduction block 16, a semiconductor refrigeration sheet 3, a heat insulation layer 4, a heat radiation sheet box 5, a first focusing lens group 6, a measured object surface 7, a power supply 8, a temperature control module 9, a signal generator 10, a frequency multiplier 11, a line camera 12, a signal processing device 13, a second focusing lens group 14 and a reflector 15;
the semiconductor laser device comprises a semiconductor laser device 1, a temperature probe 2, a heat conduction block 16, a semiconductor refrigeration sheet 3, a heat conduction block 16, a heat radiation sheet box body 5, a heat insulation layer 4, a power supply 8 and a power supply interface of the semiconductor laser device 1, wherein the temperature probe 2 is arranged on the outer surface of the semiconductor laser device 1, the semiconductor laser device 1 and the temperature probe 2 are wrapped in the heat conduction block 16, the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 3 is arranged on the outer surface of the heat conduction block 16, the heat conduction block 16 is arranged in the heat radiation sheet box body 5, the heat insulation layer 4 is filled in the heat radiation sheet box body 5, the heat conduction block 16 is prevented from contacting with the heat radiation sheet box body 5, the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 3 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the heat radiation sheet box body 5, the output end of the temperature probe 2 is connected with the input end of a temperature control module 9, the output end of the temperature control module 9 is connected with the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 3, and the power supply interface of the semiconductor laser device 1 is connected with the power supply interface;
emergent light of the semiconductor laser 1 sequentially passes through the first focusing lens group 6, the object surface to be measured, the reflector 15, the second focusing lens group 14 and the linear array camera 12, the output end of the signal generator 10 is divided into two paths, one path of the output end is connected with the signal input end of the semiconductor laser 1, the other path of the output end is connected with the signal input end of the frequency multiplier 11, the signal output end of the frequency multiplier 11 is connected with the trigger end of the linear array camera 12, and the output end of the linear array camera 12 is connected with the signal processing device 13. The signal processing device 13 is a computer, FPGA or DSP.
The parameters of the semiconductor laser 1 are 638nm and 60 mw; the temperature probe 2 adopts a thermal resistor; the semiconductor refrigerating sheet 3 is formed by two 12V/6A Peltier semiconductor refrigerating sheets, the upper wall of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is tightly matched with the radiating fin box body 5, the lower wall of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is tightly matched with the heat conducting block 16, and the periphery of the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is tightly matched with the heat insulating layer 4; the temperature control module 9 adopts TCM-M115, and the temperature is controlled to 25 +/-0.01 ℃; the heat conducting block 16 is a shell, the inner wall of the heat conducting block is tightly matched with the shell of the semiconductor laser 1, the front hole and the rear hole are provided with holes, the front hole is used for laser to pass through, the rear hole is used for signal lines and power lines to pass through, the middle of the side wall of the heat conducting block is provided with a hole used for temperature probes 2 to pass through, and the material is red copper; the heat insulation layer 4 is made of foam; the radiating fin box body 5 is made of aluminum, and the inner wall of the radiating fin box body is tightly matched with the semiconductor refrigerating fin 3; a 5V/4A sunward power supply 8 supplies power to the semiconductor laser 1; the signal generator 10 adopts a PWM pulse generator, the frequency is 1.38kHz, and the duty ratio is 35%; the reflector 15 is a silver-plated reflector; the second focusing lens group 14 adopts a focusing lens with the caliber of 50.8mm and the focal length of 200mm and a narrow-band filter with the central wavelength of 638nm and the half-peak width of 10 nm; the line camera 12 employs Dahua L5043CK 40; the signal processing device 13 is a computer.
A frequency multiplication differential laser triangulation distance measuring method using the device comprises the following steps:
step 1, device construction: setting up the frequency multiplication differential laser triangulation ranging device, adjusting device parameters and ensuring that clear images are formed in a preset measuring range;
Step 3, calculating the position of the light spot: light spot image b after image difference preprocessing1、b2Firstly, filtering is carried out by using methods such as morphological filtering or Gaussian filtering, and then a centroid method, a fitting method or an interpolation method is used for obtaining a pixel point position x where a light spot center is located1And x23780.2327, 3780.2330, respectively;
for the preprocessed light spot image b1、b2Obtaining the position x of the pixel point where the center of the light spot is located by the following formula (2) of the centroid method1、x2;
Wherein, x is the position of a pixel point where the facula centroid of a received image frame is located, j is the number of pixel points possessed by the received image frame, j is 4096, IjThe intensity of light received by each pixel point on the received image.
Step 4, scaling modeling: by using a frequency multiplication differential laser triangular distance measuring device, 16 groups of absolute distances h are acquired with the step length delta h of 100mmiAnd pixel point position xiA fitting regression was made according to the geometric trigonometric relation of equation (1) as shown in FIG. 4, where a is 0.423363 and d is0Has a value of 3064, d1Value of 200, d2A value of 182, a value of 20 for l, a value of 4096 for n, a value of 12 for theta, a value of 78 for beta, and a value of 3481.46 for b, thereby establishing a calibration model for the distance h;
step 5, ranging: and substituting the pixel point position x measured in real time into the calibration model, namely 3780.2327, so as to obtain the real-time absolute distance h of the surface 7 of the measured object, namely 4771.2245 mm.
Claims (3)
1. A frequency multiplication differential laser triangular distance measuring device is characterized by comprising a semiconductor laser (1), a temperature probe (2), a heat conducting block (16), a semiconductor refrigerating sheet (3), a heat insulating layer (4), a radiating fin box body (5), a first focusing lens group (6), a measured object surface (7), a power supply (8), a temperature control module (9), a signal generator (10), a frequency multiplier (11), a linear array camera (12), a signal processing device (13), a second focusing lens group (14) and a reflector (15);
the semiconductor laser comprises a semiconductor laser (1) and is characterized in that a temperature probe (2) is arranged on the outer surface of the semiconductor laser (1), the semiconductor laser (1) and the temperature probe (2) are wrapped in a heat conduction block (16), a semiconductor refrigeration sheet (3) is arranged on the outer surface of the heat conduction block (16), the heat conduction block (16) is arranged in a radiating fin box body (5), a heat insulation layer (4) is filled in the radiating fin box body (5), the heat conduction block (16) is prevented from contacting the radiating fin box body (5), the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (3) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the radiating fin box body (5), the output end of the temperature probe (2) is connected with the input end of a temperature control module (9), the output end of the temperature control module (9) is connected with the semiconductor refrigeration sheet (3), and a power supply (8) is connected with a power supply interface of the semiconductor laser (1);
emergent light of semiconductor laser (1) passes through first focusing lens group (6), the object surface that awaits measuring, speculum (15), second focusing lens group (14), linear array camera (12) in proper order, the output of signal generator (10) is divided into two the tunnel, is connected with the signal input part of semiconductor laser (1) all the way, and another way is connected with the signal input part of frequency multiplier (11), the signal output part of frequency multiplier (11) is connected with the trigger end of linear array camera (12), the output and the signal processing device (13) of linear array camera (12) are connected.
2. A frequency doubling differential laser triangulation method using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, device construction: the frequency multiplication differential laser triangulation distance measuring device of claim 1 is set up, parameters of the device are adjusted, and clear images are guaranteed to be formed in a preset measuring range;
step 2, image difference: differential preprocessing is carried out on the images acquired by the linear array camera (12), and the images continuously acquired by the linear array camera (12) are respectively set as a1、a2、a3、a4…amThe difference image is calculated as the following absolute value b1=|a1-a2|、b2=|a3-a4L …, here b1、b2…biNamely, the light spot image is subjected to image difference preprocessing;
step 3, calculating the position of the light spot: filtering the light spot image after image difference preprocessing, and then obtaining the position x of the pixel point where the light spot center is locatedi;
Step 4, scaling modeling: multiple groups of absolute distances h are acquired by step length delta h by utilizing frequency multiplication differential laser triangular distance measuring deviceiAnd pixel point position xiPerforming fitting regression according to the following geometric trigonometric relation, and thus establishing a calibration model of the distance h;
in the formula (d)0Is the distance from the surface (7) of the object to be measured to the center of the reflector (15), d1Is the distance from the center of the reflector (15) to the center of the second focusing lens group (14), d2The distance from the center of the second focusing lens group (14) to the linear array camera (12), l is the total length of the light sensing units of the linear array camera (12), n is the number of the light sensing units of the linear array camera (12), theta is the included angle between the emergent optical axis and the receiving optical axis, beta is the smaller included angle between the linear array camera (12) and the receiving optical axis, and a and b are regression coefficients;
step 5, ranging: and substituting the pixel point position x value measured in real time into the calibration model to obtain the real-time absolute distance h of the surface (7) of the measured object.
3. The frequency-doubling differential laser triangulation ranging method according to claim 2, wherein the speckle image in step 3 is filtered by using a morphological filtering method or a gaussian filtering method, and the position x of the pixel point where the center of the speckle is located is obtainediUsing centroid method, fitting method or interpolation method.
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