CN114088361A - ICD testing device and system and application thereof - Google Patents
ICD testing device and system and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ICD testing device and a system and application thereof. The device comprises: the device comprises a constant temperature box, a closed box body arranged in the constant temperature box and a flowmeter; the box body comprises an inlet and an outlet, the inlet end in the box body is provided with a sand prevention structure unit, and the outlet end in the box body is provided with an ICD interface; the outlet of the box body is connected with the inlet of the flowmeter through a box body inlet pipeline, the outlet of the box body is connected with the inlet of the flowmeter through a box body outlet pipeline, and the outlet of the flowmeter is connected with a flowmeter outlet pipeline; the device also comprises a first differential pressure measuring branch for measuring the pressure difference between the inside of the box body and the outlet pipeline of the flowmeter, and a second differential pressure measuring branch for measuring the pressure difference between the inlet pipeline of the box body and the outlet pipeline of the flowmeter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil well exploitation, in particular to the field of heavy oil steam injection SAGD exploitation, and particularly relates to an ICD testing device and a system and application thereof.
Background
Under the influence of factors such as strong reservoir heterogeneity, weak well track control capability, improper starting strategy, unreasonable injection and production point design and the like, about 1/3 produced SAGD double-horizontal well group has low horizontal section utilization degree, and is characterized by uneven underground temperature, slow oil drainage speed and difficult uniform utilization. How to increase the utilization degree of these long horizontal wells has significant economic value. The mainstream methods at present are: re-preheating to promote the use of the un-used section, inserting the control liquid tail tube to strengthen the toe part, etc. In addition to the low horizontal well mobility, another difficulty in SAGD dual horizontal well production is regulation. Because the pursuit of low SUBCOOL production always accompanies the risk of steam channeling, how to effectively reduce the height of a steam-liquid interface of the whole horizontal well and reduce unnecessary steam output simultaneously is an important research direction for improving the SAGD economic benefit.
Currently, various large oil companies are widely exploring new well completion methods, such as using Flow Controllers (FCDs) to improve the current state of development. The FCDs applied in SAGD are mainly used for overcoming the defect of reservoir heterogeneity, enhancing uniform utilization and inhibiting steam channeling. There are two types of FCDs, one deployed within a production well, called ICDs. An ICD may suppress steam production and, after entering steam in a certain section of the ICD, its resulting pressure drop increases. In addition, it also regulates the fluid production of the horizontal section by creating additional pressure losses, reducing the fluid production of the horizontal section with its high fluid production capacity.
By principle, there are currently three types of mainstream ICDs: spiral channel type, nozzle type, and hybrid type. The spiral channel ICD generates additional resistance by means of friction between the fluid and the flow channel, which is positively correlated to the viscosity of the fluid and is therefore very sensitive to the viscosity of the fluid. The nozzle type ICD is not sensitive to the viscosity of inflow liquid, but the nozzle is easily blocked by large-particle impurities or is easily eroded by the liquid, so that certain use risks exist; compared with the spiral channel type ICD, the spiral channel type ICD has a larger flow cross section, relatively lower liquid flow speed and relatively stronger liquid erosion resistance. The mixing type combines the characteristics of the spiral channel type ICD and the nozzle type ICD together, and comprehensively utilizes the advantages of the spiral channel type ICD and the nozzle type ICD.
ICDs have long been used in conventional oil and gas fields, primarily to control horizontal well coning, but their use in heavy oil steam injection development is a new attempt, facing many new challenges. Different geological conditions, implementation opportunities and implementation processes can generate larger implementation effect differences, and how the sand control and anticorrosion reliability of the ICD is deployed is also an important factor for determining that the ICD improves the development effect of the horizontal well. The performance of different ICDs is evaluated through an indoor experimental means, powerful support can be provided for research and development of ICD devices, design of deployment schemes of specific oil fields, evaluation of application reliability and the like, and the method is the key of successful application of ICD technology. The development of corresponding ICD testing device and method is the basis of indoor research.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an ICD testing apparatus;
another objective of the present invention is to provide an ICD testing system;
still another objective of the present invention is to provide an ICD testing method.
To achieve the above object, in one aspect, the present invention provides an ICD testing apparatus, wherein the apparatus includes: the device comprises a constant temperature box, a closed box body (a clamp) and a flowmeter, wherein the closed box body (the clamp) and the flowmeter are arranged in the constant temperature box; the box body comprises an inlet and an outlet, the inlet end in the box body is provided with a sand prevention structure unit, and the outlet end in the box body is provided with an ICD interface; the outlet of the box body is connected with the inlet of the flowmeter through a box body inlet pipeline, the outlet of the box body is connected with the inlet of the flowmeter through a box body outlet pipeline, and the outlet of the flowmeter is connected with a flowmeter outlet pipeline; the device also comprises a first differential pressure measuring branch for measuring the pressure difference between the inside of the box body and the outlet pipeline of the flowmeter, and a second differential pressure measuring branch for measuring the pressure difference between the inlet pipeline of the box body and the outlet pipeline of the flowmeter.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the first differential pressure measurement branch comprises a first differential pressure sensor, and two ends of the first differential pressure sensor are respectively communicated with the inside of the tank body and the outlet pipeline of the flow meter through pipelines; and the second differential pressure measurement branch comprises a second differential pressure sensor, and two ends of the second differential pressure sensor are respectively communicated with the box body inlet pipeline and the flowmeter outlet pipeline through pipelines.
One end of the first differential pressure measuring branch pipe, which is connected with the box body, extends into the box body so as to communicate the first differential pressure measuring branch pipe with the interior of the box body.
However, according to some embodiments of the invention, the conduit opening (test point) at the end of the first differential pressure measurement branch connected to the tank is located at (at the same height as, and as close as possible to) the ICD inlet.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, a first branch first valve is disposed on the first differential pressure measurement branch for controlling the opening and closing of the first differential pressure measurement branch, and a first branch second valve is disposed in parallel with the first differential pressure sensor; the second differential pressure measuring branch is provided with a first valve of a second branch for controlling the opening and closing of the second differential pressure measuring branch, and the second differential pressure measuring branch is connected with a second differential pressure sensor in parallel to be provided with a second valve of the second branch.
The first branch first valve is arranged between a parallel pipeline of the first differential pressure sensor and the first branch second valve and a connection point of the first differential pressure measurement branch and the tank body, or between a parallel pipeline of the first differential pressure sensor and the first branch second valve and a connection point of the first differential pressure measurement branch and the tank body outlet pipeline; the first valve of the second branch is arranged between a parallel pipeline of the second differential pressure sensor and the second valve of the second branch and a connection point of the second differential pressure measurement branch and the inlet pipeline of the box body, or between the parallel pipeline of the second differential pressure sensor and the second valve of the second branch and a connection point of the second differential pressure measurement branch and the outlet pipeline of the box body.
In other words, two ends of the second valve of the first branch line are respectively connected with two pipelines directly connected with the first differential pressure sensor through pipelines; and two ends of the second branch second valve are respectively connected with two pipelines directly connected with the first differential pressure sensor through pipelines.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first differential pressure measuring branch is provided with a first branch first valve on two pipelines connected to two ends of the first differential pressure sensor respectively for controlling the opening and closing of the first differential pressure measuring branch, and is provided with a first branch second valve in parallel with the first differential pressure sensor; the second differential pressure measuring branch is provided with a second branch first valve respectively on two pipelines connected with two ends of the second differential pressure sensor for controlling the opening and closing of the second differential pressure measuring branch, and is provided with a second branch second valve in parallel connection with the second differential pressure sensor.
The first branch second valve is arranged in parallel with the first differential pressure sensor, and the two ends of the first branch second valve are respectively connected with two pipelines directly connected with the first differential pressure sensor through pipelines; the second branch circuit second valve is arranged in parallel with the second differential pressure sensor, which means that two ends of the second branch circuit second valve are respectively connected with two pipelines directly connected with the first differential pressure sensor through pipelines.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the number of the first differential pressure measurement branches is at least two, the first differential pressure sensor of one of the first differential pressure measurement branches is a high-range differential pressure sensor, and the first differential pressure sensors of the other first differential pressure measurement branches are low-range differential pressure sensors; the number of the second differential pressure measuring branches is at least two, the second differential pressure sensor of one second differential pressure measuring branch is a high-range differential pressure sensor, and the second differential pressure sensors of the other second differential pressure measuring branches are low-range differential pressure sensors.
It will be appreciated that the first/second differential pressure measurement branch in which the low range differential pressure sensor is provided may be one, two or three. It can be set according to the tested differential pressure range, for example, when the first/second differential pressure measuring branches of the three low-range differential pressure sensors are set, the differential pressure measuring ranges of the three low-range differential pressure sensors can be distributed in three ranges of high, medium and low.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises at least three pressure measuring devices and at least three temperature measuring devices, and the pressure measuring devices are respectively disposed on the tank inlet pipeline, the flowmeter outlet pipeline and the tank to measure the pressure in the tank inlet pipeline, the flowmeter outlet pipeline and the tank; the device comprises a box body, at least two temperature measuring devices and an ICD, wherein the at least two temperature measuring devices are arranged on the box body respectively to measure the temperature in the box body and the temperature in the ICD respectively.
It can be understood that, the number of the temperature measuring devices of the present invention is at least two, and at least two of the temperature measuring devices are respectively disposed on the case body to respectively measure the temperature inside the case body and the ICD, which means that the number of the temperature measuring devices can be two or more, and at least two of the temperature measuring devices are disposed on the case body and can respectively measure the temperature inside the case body (inside the case body outside the ICD) and the temperature inside the ICD in the operating state (that is, the temperature measuring devices are disposed at positions such that the temperature sensing components can respectively extend into the case body and the ICD in the operating state).
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure measuring device is a pressure sensor, and the temperature measuring device is a thermocouple.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure measuring device and the temperature measuring device are electrically connected to a recording device (not shown in fig. 1) for recording the measured pressure and temperature values, respectively.
According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further includes a bypass branch connected in parallel to the first differential pressure measuring branch, the second differential pressure measuring branch, and a line formed by connecting the tank and the flow meter in series, wherein a bypass branch valve is disposed on the bypass branch, and two ends of the bypass branch are connected to the tank inlet line and the flow meter outlet line, respectively.
The bypass branch is respectively connected in parallel with the first differential pressure measurement branch, the second differential pressure measurement branch and a line formed by connecting the box body and the flowmeter in series, and the bypass branch is connected in parallel with the first differential pressure measurement branch and the second differential pressure measurement branch and a series line formed by connecting the box body and the flowmeter (namely the box body and the flowmeter).
According to some embodiments of the present invention, two ends of the pipeline of the bypass branch (i.e. the pipeline at two ends of the valve of the bypass branch) are respectively connected to the inlet pipeline of the tank and the outlet pipeline of the flow meter; one end of the first differential pressure sensor is connected with the interior of the box body through a pipeline, and the other end of the first differential pressure sensor is connected with a pipeline between the bypass branch valve and the outlet pipeline of the flowmeter through a pipeline; one end of the second differential pressure sensor is connected with the inlet pipeline of the box body through a pipeline, and the other end of the second differential pressure sensor is connected with the pipeline between the bypass branch valve and the outlet pipeline of the flowmeter through a pipeline.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first branch first valve, the first branch second valve, the second branch first valve, the second branch second valve, and the bypass branch valve are needle valves.
In another aspect, the present disclosure also provides an ICD testing system, wherein the system includes a production fluid supply and at least one ICD testing unit; the ICD testing unit comprises an ICD testing device, a fluid well simulation device, a first valve, a temperature regulation device and a produced fluid collecting tank, wherein the ICD testing device, the fluid well simulation device, the first valve, the temperature regulation device and the produced fluid collecting tank are sequentially connected in series through pipelines; and the produced fluid supply device is connected with the tank inlet pipeline of the ICD testing device of each group of ICD testing units.
It is understood that the produced fluid may be a real produced fluid collected in situ or a simulated produced fluid formulated.
It is understood that each set of ICD test units described herein, i.e., including a set of ICD test units, may also include more than one set of ICD test units.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ICD test unit is in groups 2-6.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ICD test units are in groups 4.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the tubing connected to the ICD testing devices of each set of ICD testing units is routed to a point and then connected to the production fluid supply.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the produced fluid supply device comprises a mortar supply device, a gas supply device, an oil supply device, a steam supply device and a mixing device; the mortar supply device, the gas supply device, the oil supply device and the steam supply device are respectively connected with the mixing device through pipelines, and the mixing device is connected with an inlet pipeline of each group of ICD testing devices.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pipelines connecting the mortar supply device, the gas supply device, the oil supply device and the steam supply device are converged at one point and then connected to the mixing device.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, an evacuation pipeline is further provided on the pipeline connecting the mortar supply device, the gas supply device, the oil supply device, the steam supply device and the mixing device, and an evacuation valve is provided on the evacuation pipeline.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the simulation device in the fluid well is a coiled tubing.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first valve is a backpressure valve, and the ICD test unit further includes a second valve disposed in parallel with the first valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mortar supply device comprises a mortar mixer and a screw pump, and the mortar mixer, the screw pump and the mixing device are sequentially connected through a pipeline.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a water tank for recovering water drained from the produced fluid collection tank of each group of ICD test units; the water tank is connected with the steam supply device and the mortar mixer through pipelines and pumps respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the oil supply device is a hydraulic oil filling device, and the water tank is connected with the hydraulic oil filling device through a pipeline and a pump.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a pressure measurement device is provided on the tubing connecting each set of ICD test units and the supply of simulated production fluid.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure measuring device is a pressure sensor.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure measuring device is disposed at a point where the pipes connected to the ICD testing devices of each group of ICD testing units converge.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mortar supply device, the oil supply device, the steam supply device, and each group of ICD test units are respectively connected with the mixing device through heat tracing pipelines.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a third valve is further disposed at the outlet of the produced fluid collection tank of each group of ICD test units.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the output fluid collection tank of each ICD test unit is connected to one end of a third valve through a pipeline, and the other end of the third valve is connected to a point through a pipeline, and then the point is connected to the water tank through a pipeline.
It is understood that the present invention is connected to a water tank as long as water discharged from each group of ICD test units is collected in the water tank. For example, the connection mode may be a closed connection mode, or an open water tank may be provided, and an outlet of a pipeline leading out from the output liquid collecting tank of each ICD test unit is provided above the water tank, so that water discharged from the pipeline flows into the water tank.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the evacuation valve, the second valve and the third valve are needle valves.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas supply device comprises a gas cylinder and a gas flow controller, the gas cylinder is connected with the mixing device by a pipeline and via the flow controller.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pump is a plunger pump.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature regulation device is a heat exchanger.
In another aspect, the invention further provides a method for testing the ICD by using the ICD testing device of the invention, wherein the method includes introducing produced fluid into a tank in which the ICD is placed, acquiring a pressure drop of the ICD through the first differential pressure measuring branch and the second differential pressure measuring branch at a preset temperature, and acquiring a flow rate of the ICD by using a flowmeter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises testing the ICD using the system of the present invention, comprising: the method comprises the steps of selecting the number of ICD test units according to the number of ICDs to be tested, setting a fluid well simulation device according to a simulated oil well, introducing produced fluid to the ICD test devices of the ICD test units by using a produced fluid supply device, setting response pressure (pressure for controlling opening and closing of a valve) of a first valve according to pressure of the ICD arranged in a horizontal production well, obtaining pressure drop of the ICDs through a first differential pressure measurement branch and a second differential pressure measurement branch, and obtaining flow of the ICDs through a flow meter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the setting of the simulating means in the fluid well according to the simulated well comprises selecting one or a combination of more of the following parameters of the coiled tubing according to the simulated well: pipe length, pipe inside diameter (coiled tubing represents the resistance to flow of fluid into the horizontal production wellbore), coiled tubing length, coiled tubing diameter, and pipe inside wall roughness.
Wherein it is understood that the tube length and tube inner diameter refer to the total length and inner diameter of the tube itself forming the coiled tube; the coil length and coil diameter distribution refers to the length of the helical coil formed by the tubes along the direction of the coil axis and the diameter of a circle formed by the projection of the helical coil formed by the tubes on a plane perpendicular to the coil axis.
The selection of the parameters of the coil based on the simulated well is based on the pressure drop across the coil (i.e., the pressure differential across the coil), which can be further determined by one skilled in the art based on the pressure change law of the producing well.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the parameters of the coiled tubing are selected according to the simulated oil well, and can be determined according to the ICD (ideal state is that the ICD simplifies the complex multifactor effects on the pressure, such as the deviation of the borehole trajectory of the horizontal well and the gravitational potential energy of different parts), as shown in fig. 5. The pressure in the vapor chamber is relatively uniform, as shown by the "vapor chamber pressure curve" in the figure, and is represented by the pressure after the sample mixer, i.e., before entering the coil. The function of the coiled pipe is to simulate different sand surface pressures, as shown in a sand surface pressure curve, the sand surface pressure is slightly lower than the pressure of the steam cavity, which is caused by pressure loss formed by fluid flowing in the oil reservoir, and the pressure loss is simulated by the coiled pipe. The basis for the selection of the coil is therefore the pressure differential between the steam chamber pressure and the sand surface pressure.
According to some embodiments of the invention, wherein said passing the produced fluid to the ICD testing device of the ICD testing unit using the produced fluid supply device comprises passing the produced fluid to the ICD testing device of the ICD testing unit using a combination of one or more of the following operations (1) - (4) based on the simulated actual formation fluid: (1) injecting water in a water tank into a steam supply device by using a pump to provide hot water, saturated steam or superheated steam into a mixing device, (2) injecting water and sand in the water tank into a mortar mixer by using the pump, and injecting the mixed mortar into the mixing device by using a screw pump, (3) injecting gas into the mixing device by using a gas supply device, and (4) injecting oil into the mixing device by using an oil supply device; mixing substances (one or more of hot water, saturated steam, superheated steam, mortar, gas and oil) entering a mixing device to obtain a simulated produced fluid; and introducing the obtained simulated output fluid into an ICD testing device of the ICD testing unit.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the passing the produced fluid to the ICD testing device of the ICD testing unit using the produced fluid supply comprises injecting water from a water tank into a steam supply using a pump to provide hot water, saturated steam, or superheated steam to the mixing device; injecting water and sand in the water tank into a mortar mixer by using a pump, and injecting the mixed mortar into a mixing device by using a screw pump; mixing hot water, saturated steam or superheated steam and mortar entering the mixing device, gas injected into the mixing device by using a gas supply device and oil injected into the mixing device by using an oil supply device in the mixing device to obtain simulated produced fluid; and introducing the obtained simulated output fluid into an ICD testing device of the ICD testing unit.
It is understood that the oil injected into the hybrid device is a crude oil used to simulate a target reservoir, and according to some embodiments of the invention, the oil injected into the hybrid device is a crude oil of the target reservoir.
The produced fluid is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction, enters an produced fluid collecting tank, and is subjected to sedimentation separation; wherein the aqueous phase is returned to the water tank for recycle testing.
According to some specific embodiments of the invention, the oil supply device is a hydraulic oil filling device, and the water tank is connected with the hydraulic oil filling device through a pipeline and a pump; the method is to inject water in a water tank into a hydraulic oil injection device by a pump to inject oil (at a constant speed) into a mixing device. According to some embodiments of the invention, the gas supply device comprises a gas cylinder and a gas flow controller, and the method comprises injecting gas (at a constant rate) into the mixing device using the gas mass flow controller.
It is understood that the oil and gas injection rates are set according to the actual reservoir development. For example, a horizontal well with the length of 400 meters is provided, the oil production speed of a certain stage is 20-60 square/day, and a total of 10 ICDs are arranged, so that the oil production speed of a single ICD can be roughly estimated to be 2-6 square/day, and an experimental scheme is set according to the result.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method comprises sieving quartz sand with a certain particle size distribution, and proportionally injecting water and the quartz sand into a mortar mixer to obtain mixed mortar; and then injecting the mixed mortar into a mixing device by using a screw pump according to a set speed.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method comprises collecting a sand sample from the oil reservoir, performing a particle size distribution statistic, and sieving quartz sand with a certain particle size distribution according to the particle size distribution obtained by the statistic.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, wherein the temperature setting of the heat trace circuit is 2 to 5 ℃ higher than the temperature of the test method.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises, before the testing, ensuring that all valves are closed, the tank is sufficiently filled with water, and all devices are operating properly.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises selecting a number of ICD test units based on the number of ICDs to be tested; and placing the ICD to be tested into a box body of the ICD testing device and connecting the ICD with an interface, placing the box body in a constant temperature box, and setting the temperature.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises presetting a backpressure valve pressure for each ICD test unit.
The pressure of the backpressure valve represents the pressure in a sieve tube of the production well; the ICD test cell inlet pressure represents the sand face pressure.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises setting the temperature of the temperature regulating device to 50-75 ℃.
The fluid which is fully mixed by the mixing device enters each parallel ICD testing unit in a shunting way, firstly passes through the sand control structure, after solid insoluble substances are filtered, enters an inner cavity of a box body of the ICD testing device, then flows into an ICD body to be tested to generate obvious pressure drop, and enters the coil pipe to further generate pressure drop after passing through an ICD interface in the box body to reach the backpressure valve, and the pressure at the backpressure valve represents the pressure at the pumping inlet of the horizontal production well.
It is to be understood that the various embodiments of the invention may be combined with one another in any combination without departing from the scope of the invention.
In summary, the invention provides an ICD testing device, a system and an application thereof. The device of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the device can simulate various working conditions such as pure water, oil, gas, saturated steam, superheated steam, undersaturated hot water, high-temperature oil-water emulsion, oil-water-gas three-phase flow and the like;
(2) the flow-pressure drop relation under different temperature, pressure, flow, component and phase state conditions can be tested;
(3) multiple ICD flow regulation capabilities may be evaluated simultaneously;
(4) the corrosion risk and reliability of the ICD under different working conditions and the ICD blockage risk can be evaluated;
(5) the device of the invention realizes totally-enclosed automatic circulation under the oil-free working condition;
(6) the device of the invention has quick response to pressure fluctuation; automatic control and high repeatability; can be flexibly adjusted to realize different test schemes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ICD test unit according to the present invention, which is a subsystem of an ICD test system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ICD test system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of pressure drop as a function of flow rate for ICD performance evaluation of example 3;
FIG. 4 is a plot of pressure drop as a function of Reynolds number Re for ICD performance evaluations of example 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the ideal ICD regulation effect of example 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of flow regulation of 4 groups of ICDs in example 3 under high-temperature and high-pressure environments;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the mass of the insoluble solid matter and the particle size distribution in example 3.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is provided for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments and the advantageous effects thereof, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
Example 1
This embodiment provides an ICD test apparatus (which is a subsystem of the test system as shown in fig. 1):
wherein the apparatus comprises: an incubator 11, a closed housing 12 disposed within the incubator, and a flow meter 13.
The box body 12 comprises an inlet 121 and an outlet 122, the sand control structure unit 14 is arranged at the inlet end in the box body, and the ICD interface 15 is arranged at the outlet end in the box body; outside the tank, the inlet 121 of the tank is connected by a tank inlet line 16, the outlet 122 of the tank and the inlet 131 of the flow meter are connected by a tank outlet line 17, and the outlet 132 of the flow meter is connected to a flow meter outlet line 18.
The device also comprises two first pressure difference measuring branches 19 for measuring the pressure difference between the interior of the tank and the outlet line of the flow meter, and two second pressure difference measuring branches 20 for measuring the pressure difference between the inlet line of the tank and the outlet line of the flow meter.
The two first differential pressure measurement branches 19 respectively include first differential pressure sensors 191 (one of which is a high-range differential pressure sensor and the other of which is a low-range differential pressure sensor), one end of each first differential pressure sensor 191 is connected to the inside of the tank 12 through a pipeline, the other end of each first differential pressure sensor 191 is communicated with the outlet pipeline 18 of the flow meter, first branch first valves 192 (two first branch first valves 192 in total) are respectively arranged on two pipelines connected to two ends of each first differential pressure sensor 191, the first branch second valves 193 are arranged in parallel with the first differential pressure sensors 191, and pipelines at two ends of the first branch second valves 193 are respectively connected to pipelines between the first differential pressure sensors 191 and the two first branch first valves 192.
The two second differential pressure measurement branches 20 respectively include a second differential pressure sensor 201 (one of them is a high-range differential pressure sensor, the other is a low-range differential pressure sensor), one end of the second differential pressure sensor 201 is connected with the tank inlet pipeline 16 through a pipeline, the other end is communicated with the flowmeter outlet pipeline 18 through a pipeline, on the second differential pressure measurement branch, second branch first valves 202 (two second branch first valves 202 in total) are respectively arranged on two pipelines connected to two ends of the second differential pressure sensor 201, and a second branch second valve 203 is arranged in parallel with the second differential pressure sensor 201, and pipelines at two ends of the second branch second valve 203 are respectively connected to pipelines between the second differential pressure sensor 201 and the two second branch first valves 202.
The device also comprises 3 pressure measuring devices 22 (pressure sensors) and 2 temperature measuring devices 23 (thermocouples); pressure measuring devices 22 are respectively arranged at the joint of the second differential pressure measuring branch 20 and the tank inlet pipeline 16, the joint of the second differential pressure measuring branch 20 and the flowmeter outlet pipeline 18 and the tank 12 to respectively measure the pressure at the tank inlet, the flowmeter outlet and the pressure in the tank; temperature measuring devices 23 are provided on the tank to measure the temperature of the cavity between the inner wall of the tank and the ICD, and the interior of the ICD, respectively.
The device still includes bypass branch road 21, and bypass branch road 21 is parallelly connected with first differential pressure measurement branch road and second differential pressure measurement branch road respectively to parallelly connected the setting with the circuit that box and flowmeter series connection formed, set up bypass branch road valve on the bypass branch road, the one end of bypass branch road is passed through the pipe connection and is in the tie point of two second differential pressure measurement branch roads 20 and box inlet pipeline, and the other end passes through the pipe connection and is in the tie point of two second differential pressure measurement branch roads 20 and flowmeter outlet pipeline.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides an ICD testing system (as shown in fig. 2):
wherein the apparatus comprises: a fluid supply 32 is produced, as well as four sets of ICD test units 31 (only one set of ICD test units is labeled in figure 2, with the other three sets being identical thereto).
The ICD test unit includes in serial connection via tubing a ICD test device 311 as described in example 1, a fluid well simulator 312 (coiled tubing) to simulate fluid flow conditions in a well, a first valve 313 (backpressure valve), a temperature regulation device 314 (heat exchanger), a produced fluid collection tank 315, a second valve 316, and a third valve 317, wherein the second valve 316 is arranged in parallel with the first valve 313.
The produced fluid supply device 32 includes a mortar supply device 325, a gas supply device 324, an oil supply device 323, a steam supply device 322, and a mixing device 321. The mortar supply device 325, the gas supply device 324, the oil supply device 323 and the steam supply device 322 are respectively connected with the mixing device 321 through the heat-tracing pipeline 33, and the mixing device 321 is further connected with each group of ICD test units through the heat-tracing pipeline 33. The mortar supply device 325 comprises a mortar mixer 3251 and a screw pump 3252, wherein the mortar mixer 3251 and the screw pump 3252 are connected through a pipeline, and the screw pump 3252 and the mixing device 321 are connected through a heat tracing pipeline.
The apparatus further comprises a water tank 34 for recovering water drained from the produced fluid collection tank 315 of each set of ICD test units 31; the water tank 34 is connected through piping to a steam supply device 322, a mortar mixer 3251, and an oil supply device 323 (hydraulic oil injection device) via a pump 35 (plunger pump), respectively.
The tank inlet lines 16 of each group of ICD test units 31 converge to a point where a pressure measuring device 36 (pressure sensor) is located, and then the mixing device 321 is connected.
Example 3
This example provides a method for ICD testing using the system of example 2:
1.1 preparation
a) All valves in the process are ensured to be closed before the experiment; the water tank stores water fully; and all the sensors normally acquire data, and the automatic execution program normally runs.
b) The steam generator is arranged at the preset temperature of the experimental scheme; the temperature of the heat tracing pipeline in the experimental process is set to be 2-5 ℃ higher than that of the experimental scheme;
c) according to the experimental scheme, four groups of ICD test units are selected and connected in parallel in the process. Placing an ICD to be tested into the ICD testing device, connecting the ICD with an interface of the ICD, setting a sand control unit (implanting a sand control structure into the sand control unit), sealing the ICD testing device, and setting a thermostat according to the temperature of an experimental scheme;
d) according to the scheme design, the pressure of a backpressure valve of each ICD testing unit is preset, and the coil pipes with different pipe diameters and lengths are selected according to requirements and are arranged behind the ICD testing device. Wherein the pressure at the coil inlet (at pressure gauge 36) represents the steam cavity pressure, the ICD test unit inlet pressure (pressure at the coil outlet) represents the sand surface pressure, the ICD test unit outlet pressure (pressure at the backpressure valve) represents the pressure within the production well screen, and the coil represents the resistance to fluid flow into the horizontal production wellbore;
c) the water temperature at the inlet of the heat exchanger is set to be 50-75 ℃.
1.2 testing pressure drop and flow distribution under specific temperature, pressure and fluid composition conditions
a) According to the design of an experimental scheme, a plunger pump is used for injecting water into a steam generator at a constant speed, and hot water, saturated steam or superheated steam with a certain flow is provided;
b) according to the design of an experimental scheme, a plunger pump is used for injecting oil into a sample mixer at a constant speed;
c) according to the design of an experimental scheme, a gas mass flow controller is used for injecting specific gas into a sample mixer at a constant speed;
d) according to the design of an experimental scheme, sieving quartz sand with certain particle size distribution, injecting water and the quartz sand into a mortar mixer in proportion to obtain mortar, and injecting the mortar into a sample mixer by using a screw pump according to a designed speed;
e) the fluid after being fully mixed by the sample mixer is shunted and enters each parallel ICD testing unit, firstly passes through a sand control structure, after solid insoluble substances are filtered, enters a box body of an ICD testing device, then flows into an ICD body to be tested to generate obvious pressure drop, and further enters a long coil pipe to generate pressure drop after passing through an ICD interface to reach a backpressure valve, and the pressure at the backpressure valve represents the pressure at the pumping inlet of the horizontal production well;
f) and (4) the produced fluid is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction, enters the produced fluid collecting tank, is subjected to sedimentation separation, and the water phase returns to the water tank so as to be convenient for circular test.
2. Evaluation of Effect
2.1 evaluation of Sand control Effect
In a group of high-temperature and high-pressure simulation experiments, the process backpressure is set to be 4 MPa. The deployed ICD is nozzle type, with a 1.8mm aperture and a 5mm aperture length. The sand control structure to be tested is a slotted plate module (simulating slotted screen pipe), the slot width is 0.4mm, and the open area accounts for 5%. The injected fluid in the experiment is a mixture of oil water and fine silt. Wherein the oil phase is super heavy oil, the viscosity of the degassed crude oil at 50 ℃ is 10 ten thousand centipoise, the injection rate is 10ml/min, and the injection temperature is 220 ℃. The constant water injection rate is 90ml/min, and the water injection temperature is 220 ℃. The fine silt and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:4, the mortar formed after stirring is heated to 220 ℃, and then the mortar is injected into an ICD test unit at the speed of 10 ml/min. The experiment was run for 2 hours continuously monitoring the pressure drop of the ICD test unit (ICD test unit pressure drop, including both the sand control unit and ICD) and collecting the output and filtering the output and weighing to obtain the mass and particle size distribution of the solid insolubles (as shown in figure 7). And (4) disassembling the ICD test unit after the experiment, taking out the ICD, and inspecting the scaling of the internal flow passage and the type and quality of attachments. Experiments show that the slotted plate module effectively prevents rock particles with the particle size of more than 65 mu m, but part of fine silt with smaller particle size still passes through the slotted plate module and is produced.
2.2 evaluation of corrosiveness
In a group of high-temperature and high-pressure simulation experiments, the process backpressure is set to be 3.5 MPa. The deployed ICD is nozzle type, with a 1.8mm aperture and a 5mm aperture length. The sand control structure is a slotted plate module (simulating slotted screen pipe), the slot width is 0.4mm, and the area of the open hole accounts for 5 percent. The injected fluid in the experiment is a mixture of oil water and fine silt. Wherein the oil phase is super heavy oil, the viscosity of the degassed crude oil at 50 ℃ is 10 ten thousand centipoise, the injection rate is 10ml/min, and the injection temperature is 220 ℃. The water is formation mineralized water and the water type is NaHCO3And the total mineralization is 8970mg/L, the constant-speed water injection rate is 90ml/min, and the water injection temperature is 220 ℃. Mixing the fine silt and the formation mineralized water according to the mass ratio of 1:4, heating the mortar formed after stirring to 220 ℃, and then injecting the mortar into an ICD test unit at the speed of 10 ml/min. The experiment is carried out for one month, the pressure drop of the ICD test unit (the pressure drop passing through the ICD, namely the pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of the ICD, not including the pressure drop of the sand control unit) is continuously monitored, the ICD test unit is disassembled after the experiment, the ICD is taken out, and the type and the quality of the scale and the attachments of the internal flow passage are inspected. And judging the corrosion degree formed by the erosion of fluids such as flash evaporation, formation water, oil-water sand and the like. The results show that the pressure drop of the ICD test unit is not obviously changed, but the experiment causes a certain degree of corrosion on the ICD surface, and a small amount of scaling substances can be detected.
2.3ICD Performance evaluation
In a group of high-temperature and high-pressure simulation experiments, the process backpressure is set to be 4 MPa. The deployed ICD is nozzle type, with a 1.8mm aperture and a 5mm aperture length. The sand control structure is a slotted plate module (simulating slotted screen pipe), the slot width is 0.4mm, and the area of the open hole accounts for 5 percent. The experimental injection fluid was pure heavy oil with a viscosity of 1250 centipoise for de-gassed crude oil at 20 ℃. The fluid was injected into the ICD test cell in a constant rate mode at an injection temperature of 120 ℃ and a backpressure of 1 MPa. The experiment was run for a total of 2h with continuous variation of injection rate, calculation of Re number, and monitoring of ICD test unit pressure drop (pressure drop across the ICD, i.e. the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the ICD, excluding the pressure drop of the sand control unit). The pressure drop as a function of flow and reynolds number Re is shown in figures 3 and 4 respectively. After obtaining the stable pressure drop, the flow speed is gradually increased until the range of the differential pressure sensor is approached. In the laminar flow regime, the ICD creates a maximum pressure drop of about 5 KPA; as the flow rate continues to increase, the test transitions to a turbulent zone where the pressure drop increases linearly with flow rate over the limited flow rate range tested.
2.4 evaluation of flow regulating Capacity of multiple ICDs
In a group of high-temperature and high-pressure simulation experiments, 4 groups of ICDs are deployed in parallel and used for simulating the multi-ICD combined flow regulation capacity from the heel to the toe of a horizontal well in the underground direction. The ICD is of a nozzle type, the aperture is 1.8mm, and the hole length is 5 mm. The sand control structure is a slotted plate module (simulating slotted screen pipe), the slot width is 0.4mm, and the area of the open hole accounts for 5 percent. The process back pressures are set to be 3.54, 3.65, 3.72 and 3.77MPa respectively (as shown in figure 6, corresponding to the column diagram from left to right in figure 6 respectively), and the pressure distribution from the heel to the toe in the production well screen pipe is simulated. The experimental injection fluid was an oil-water mixture. Wherein the oil phase is super heavy oil, the viscosity of the degassed crude oil at 50 ℃ is 10 ten thousand centipoise, the injection rate is 40ml/min, and the injection temperature is 220 ℃. The constant water injection rate was 390ml/min and the water injection temperature was 220 ℃. The experiment was run for a total of 2h and the ICD test unit was monitored for pressure drop (pressure drop across the ICD, i.e. the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the ICD, excluding the pressure drop of the sand control unit). After a stable pressure drop was obtained, the pressure drop data for each ICD was recorded while the output fluid through each ICD was collected and mass flow was measured (see fig. 6). The composition of each output was analyzed after the experiment was completed. The results show that although the flow distribution still exhibits the expected tendency of high heel and low toe, the difference is not large, indicating that four ICDs exert a modulating effect, promoting an equilibrium inflow profile.
Claims (19)
1. An ICD testing device, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a constant temperature box, a closed box body arranged in the constant temperature box and a flowmeter; the box body comprises an inlet and an outlet, the inlet end in the box body is provided with a sand prevention structure unit, and the outlet end in the box body is provided with an ICD interface; the outlet of the box body is connected with the inlet of the flowmeter through a box body inlet pipeline, the outlet of the box body is connected with the inlet of the flowmeter through a box body outlet pipeline, and the outlet of the flowmeter is connected with a flowmeter outlet pipeline; the device also comprises a first differential pressure measuring branch for measuring the pressure difference between the inside of the box body and the outlet pipeline of the flowmeter, and a second differential pressure measuring branch for measuring the pressure difference between the inlet pipeline of the box body and the outlet pipeline of the flowmeter.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first differential pressure measurement branch comprises a first differential pressure sensor, and two ends of the first differential pressure sensor are respectively communicated with the interior of the box body and an outlet pipeline of the flowmeter through pipelines; and the second differential pressure measurement branch comprises a second differential pressure sensor, and two ends of the second differential pressure sensor are respectively communicated with the box body inlet pipeline and the flowmeter outlet pipeline through pipelines.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein a first branch first valve is arranged on the first differential pressure measuring branch for controlling the opening and closing of the first differential pressure measuring branch, and a first branch second valve is arranged in parallel with the first differential pressure sensor; the second differential pressure measuring branch is provided with a first valve of a second branch for controlling the opening and closing of the second differential pressure measuring branch, and the second differential pressure measuring branch is connected with a second differential pressure sensor in parallel to be provided with a second valve of the second branch.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 or 3, wherein the first differential pressure measurement branches are at least two, wherein the first differential pressure sensor of one of the first differential pressure measurement branches is a high range differential pressure sensor, and the first differential pressure sensors of the remaining first differential pressure measurement branches are low range differential pressure sensors; the number of the second differential pressure measuring branches is at least two, the second differential pressure sensor of one second differential pressure measuring branch is a high-range differential pressure sensor, and the second differential pressure sensors of the other second differential pressure measuring branches are low-range differential pressure sensors.
5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the device further comprises at least three pressure measuring devices and a temperature measuring device, and the pressure measuring devices are respectively arranged on the box body inlet pipeline, the flowmeter outlet pipeline and the box body to measure the pressure in the box body inlet pipeline, the flowmeter outlet pipeline and the box body; the device comprises a box body, at least two temperature measuring devices and an ICD, wherein the at least two temperature measuring devices are arranged on the box body respectively to measure the temperature in the box body and the temperature in the ICD respectively.
6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a bypass branch connected in parallel with the first differential pressure measurement branch, the second differential pressure measurement branch and a line formed by connecting the box body and the flow meter in series, wherein a bypass branch valve is arranged on the bypass branch, and two ends of the bypass branch are respectively connected with an inlet pipeline of the box body and an outlet pipeline of the flow meter.
7. An ICD test system, wherein the system comprises a production fluid supply and at least one set of ICD test units; the ICD testing unit comprises the ICD testing device as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, a fluid well simulation device for simulating the flowing condition of a fluid in a well, a first valve, a temperature regulation device and a produced fluid collecting tank which are sequentially connected in series through pipelines; and the produced fluid supply device is connected with the tank inlet pipeline of the ICD testing device of each group of ICD testing units.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the produced fluid supply means comprises a mortar supply means, a gas supply means, an oil supply means, a steam supply means, and a mixing means; the mortar supply device, the gas supply device, the oil supply device and the steam supply device are respectively connected with the mixing device through pipelines, and the mixing device is connected with an inlet pipeline of each group of ICD testing devices.
9. A system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the simulation device in a fluid well is a coiled tubing.
10. The system of any of claims 7-9, wherein the first valve is a backpressure valve, and the ICD test unit further comprises a second valve disposed in parallel with the first valve.
11. The system of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the mortar supply means comprises a mortar mixer and a screw pump, the mortar mixer, the screw pump and the mixing means being connected in series by a pipeline.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises a water tank for recovering water drained from the produced fluid collection tank of each set of ICD test units; the water tank is connected with the steam supply device and the mortar mixer through pipelines and pumps respectively.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the oil supply is a hydraulic oil filling, and the water tank is connected to the hydraulic oil filling by a line via a pump.
14. A system according to any one of claims 7 to 13, wherein a pressure measuring device is provided on the conduit connecting each group of ICD test units and the analogue produced fluid supply.
15. The system according to any one of claims 8 to 14, wherein the mortar supply device, the oil supply device, the steam supply device and each group of ICD test units are respectively connected with the mixing device through heat tracing pipelines.
16. A method for testing an ICD by using the ICD testing device of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the steps of introducing produced fluid into a box body in which the ICD is placed, then obtaining the pressure drop of the ICD through the first pressure difference measuring branch and the second pressure difference measuring branch at a preset temperature, and obtaining the flow rate of the ICD by using a flowmeter.
17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the method comprises testing an ICD using the system of any one of claims 7-15, comprising: the method comprises the steps of selecting the number of ICD test units according to the number of ICDs to be tested, setting a simulation device in a fluid well according to a simulated oil well, introducing produced fluid to the ICD test devices of the ICD test units by using a produced fluid supply device, setting the response pressure of a first valve according to the pressure of the ICD arranged in the horizontal production well, then obtaining the pressure drop of the ICD through a first differential pressure measurement branch and a second differential pressure measurement branch, and obtaining the flow of the ICD by using a flowmeter.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the method comprises testing the ICD using the system of claim 9, and wherein setting the fluid well simulator in accordance with the simulated well comprises selecting one or a combination of more of the following parameters of the coiled tubing in accordance with the simulated well: tube length, tube inside diameter, coil length, coil diameter, and tube inside wall roughness.
19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the method comprises testing the ICD using the system of claim 12, and wherein passing the produced fluid to the ICD testing device of the ICD testing unit using the produced fluid supply comprises passing the produced fluid to the ICD testing device of the ICD testing unit using a combination of one or more of the following operations (1) - (4) based on the simulated actual formation fluid: (1) injecting water in a water tank into a steam supply device by using a pump to provide hot water, saturated steam or superheated steam into a mixing device, (2) injecting water and sand in the water tank into a mortar mixer by using the pump, and injecting the mixed mortar into the mixing device by using a screw pump, (3) injecting gas into the mixing device by using a gas supply device, and (4) injecting oil into the mixing device by using an oil supply device; mixing the substances entering the mixing device to obtain a simulated produced fluid; and introducing the obtained simulated output fluid into an ICD testing device of the ICD testing unit.
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