CN114087847A - Liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device and method - Google Patents

Liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114087847A
CN114087847A CN202210039679.XA CN202210039679A CN114087847A CN 114087847 A CN114087847 A CN 114087847A CN 202210039679 A CN202210039679 A CN 202210039679A CN 114087847 A CN114087847 A CN 114087847A
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air
energy storage
heat
output
way valve
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CN114087847B (en
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折晓会
王晨
张小松
丁玉龙
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Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
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Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D13/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
    • F01D13/02—Working-fluid interconnection of machines or engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
    • F24F6/02—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by evaporation of water in the air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
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    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
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    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
    • F25J1/0297—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink using an externally chilled fluid, e.g. chilled water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F25J2205/34—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes as evaporative cooling tower to produce chilled water, e.g. evaporative water chiller [EWC]
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    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
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    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device and a method; in the electricity consumption valley period, after the ambient air is purified, compressed and cooled, the ambient air is expanded and decompressed to obtain liquid air, and meanwhile, the compressed heat energy of the stored air is recovered; in the peak period of electricity utilization, liquid air enters an air turbine set for expansion power generation after being pressurized, evaporated, gasified and heated, and meanwhile, the pressurized fluid is utilized to recover, store, evaporate and gasify cold energy; dry clean air discharged by the air turbine unit is cooled by evaporation to supply cold energy and wet clean air; the air compression heat energy is used for heating air to expand and generate electricity, and the redundant part is used for supplying heat energy and regenerating an air purification process. The invention improves the recovery and storage efficiency of evaporation gasification cold energy through the pressurized fluid, efficiently distributes and utilizes air compression heat energy, fully recycles the discharged dry clean air, and finally realizes the four-combined supply of cold, heat, electricity and clean air, thereby being a liquid air energy storage technology with high efficiency and low cost.

Description

Liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid air energy storage, heat energy storage and air purification, in particular to a liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device and method.
Background
The liquid air energy storage technology is a cryogenic energy storage technology which utilizes liquid air or nitrogen as an energy storage medium. In the electricity consumption valley period, electricity is stored in the form of liquid air, and high-temperature compression heat generated in the air compression process is stored and the work-doing capacity of the air turbine is improved when needed; in the peak period of power consumption, liquid air is pressurized by a pressurizing pump, and low-temperature cold energy is recovered and stored to drive an air turbine to do work and generate power. The liquid air energy storage has the characteristics of high energy storage density, short response time, environmental friendliness, low leveling energy storage cost (LCOE), no geographical condition limitation and the like, and is widely concerned.
In the liquid air energy storage system, the recovery, storage and utilization of low-temperature liquid air evaporation vaporization cold energy and high-temperature air compression heat energy are the key points for improving the energy efficiency of the system. However, the liquid air evaporation vaporization cold energy temperature area is wide (85-300K), the conventional fluid is difficult to be completely recovered, so that the cold energy recovery and storage efficiency is low, the system structure is complex, and the initial investment is high. Meanwhile, the total amount of heat energy of air compression is huge, and the air compression heat energy is not limited to be only used for improving the air power generation amount, and other application occasions are also considered. Furthermore, dry clean air released during the air power generation cycle is often released in vain, and additional benefits may be gained from utilizing this portion of clean air that is free of water and carbon dioxide.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device and method, which recovers and stores liquid air evaporation cold energy by pressurization, thereby reducing the loss of heat exchange exergy between an air cooler and an evaporator, simplifying the system structure, and finally obtaining higher system liquefaction rate and cyclic power generation efficiency, and lower equipment cost.
Another object of the present invention is to use a part of the stored compressed air heat for the regeneration air purification unit in addition to the use of a part of the stored compressed air heat for increasing the power generated by the air turbine, so as to reduce the power consumed by the conventional electric heating driven regeneration, and the remaining compressed air heat is used as a heat source to gain additional benefit for the heat output from the outside.
Another object of the present invention is to recycle dry clean air discharged from an air power generation cycle, a part of which absorbs water vapor by evaporation to supply cold energy while increasing air humidity to a human body comfort area to supply wet clean air, thereby obtaining additional benefits of cooling and air conditioning, and another part of which combines air compression heat for regeneration of an air purification unit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device, comprising: the air liquefaction circulation loop, the air power generation circulation loop, the heat supply loop and the cooling and cleaning air loop; the air liquefaction circulation loop is used for purifying, compressing and cooling ambient air, expanding and depressurizing the ambient air to obtain liquid air, the liquid air is transmitted to the air power generation circulation loop, and air compression heat generated in the compression process is stored in the heat energy storage unit; the air power generation circulation loop carries out expansion power generation on the received liquid air after pressurization, evaporation and gasification and further heating, and transmits the discharged dry and clean air to the cold supply and clean air loop, and cold energy generated in the evaporation and gasification process is stored in a cold energy storage unit; the heat supply loop receives the compression heat transmitted by the heat energy storage unit and supplies heat to users; the cooling and cleaning air loop outputs the received dry and clean air through evaporative cooling to output cold energy and wet and clean air, or directly outputs the dry and clean air.
Further, the air liquefaction circulation loop comprises the cold energy storage unit, the heat energy storage unit, an air compressor unit, an air cooler, a low-temperature expander, a gas-liquid separator, a liquid air storage tank and an air purification unit;
a first input end of the air compressor unit is used for inputting ambient air, a second input end of the air compressor unit is used for inputting electric power, a first output end of the air compressor unit is connected with a first input end of an air cooler, a second output end of the air compressor unit is connected with a first input end of the air purification unit, a third output end of the air compressor unit is connected with a first input end of the thermal energy storage unit, a third input end of the air compressor unit is connected with a first output end of the thermal energy storage unit, and a fourth input end of the air compressor unit is connected with a first output end of the air purification unit;
a second input end of the air cooler is connected with a first output end of the gas-liquid separator, a third input end of the air cooler is connected with a first output end of the cold energy storage unit, a first output end of the air cooler is connected with a first input end of the air compressor unit, a second output end of the air cooler is connected with an input end of the low-temperature expansion machine, and a third output end of the air cooler is connected with a first input end of the cold energy storage unit;
the output end of the low-temperature expansion machine is connected with the input end of the gas-liquid separator, and the second output end of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the input end of the liquid air storage tank.
Further, the air compressor set includes:
a first input end and a second input end of the first compressor are respectively used as a first input end and a second input end of the air compressor unit;
a first input end of the first cooler is connected with an output end of the first compressor, and a first output end of the first cooler is used as a second output end of the air compressor unit and is connected with a first input end of the air purification unit;
the input end of the second compressor is used as the fourth input end of the air compressor unit and is connected with the first output end of the air purification unit;
a second cooler, a first input of the second cooler being connected to an output of the second compressor;
a third compressor, an input end of the third compressor being connected to the first output end of the second cooler;
a third cooler having a first input connected to the output of the third compressor; a first output end of the third cooler is connected with a first input end of the air cooler as a first output end of the air compressor set;
a second input end of the first cooler, a second input end of the second cooler and a second input end of the third cooler are connected in parallel and then serve as a third input end of the air compressor unit, and the third input end of the air compressor unit is connected with a first output end of the thermal energy storage unit; and the second output end of the first cooler, the second output end of the second cooler and the second output end of the third cooler are connected in parallel and then serve as a third output end of the air compressor unit, and the third output end is connected with the first input end of the heat energy storage unit.
Further, the air purification unit includes:
a first adsorption column having an upper port and a lower port;
a second adsorption column having an upper port and a lower port;
a first air three-way valve, a first port of which is connected with a lower port of the first adsorption tower, and a second port of which is used as a first input end of the air purification unit;
a second air three-way valve, wherein a first port of the second air three-way valve is connected with an upper port of the first adsorption tower, and a second port of the second air three-way valve is used as a first output end of the air purification unit;
a third air three-way valve, a first port of which is connected to an upper port of the second adsorption tower, and a second port of which is connected to a third port of the second air three-way valve;
a fourth air three-way valve, a first port of which is connected with a lower port of the second adsorption tower, a second port of which is connected with a third port of the first air three-way valve, and a third port of which is connected with the outside;
a fifth air three-way valve, a first port of which is used as a third input end of the air purification unit;
a first input end of the heat exchanger is connected with a second port of the fifth air three-way valve, and a second input end and a second output end of the heat exchanger are respectively used as a second input end and a second output end of the air purification unit;
and a first port of the sixth air three-way valve is connected with the second output end of the heat exchanger, a second port of the sixth air three-way valve is connected with a third port of the fifth air three-way valve, and a third port of the sixth air three-way valve is connected with a third port of the third air three-way valve.
Further, the air power generation circulation loop comprises the cold energy storage unit, the heat energy storage unit and the liquid air storage tank, and further comprises a low-temperature pump, an evaporator and an air turbine unit;
the input end of the cryogenic pump is connected with the output end of the liquid air storage tank, and the output end of the cryogenic pump is connected with the first input end of the evaporator;
a first output end of the evaporator is connected with a first input end of the air turbine unit, a second output end of the evaporator is connected with a second input end of the cold energy storage unit, and a second input end of the evaporator is connected with a second output end of the cold energy storage unit;
the second input end of the air turbine unit is connected with the second output end of the heat energy storage unit, the first output end of the air turbine unit is connected with the second input end of the heat energy storage unit, the second output end of the air turbine unit is connected with the cooling and clean air loop, and the third output end of the air turbine unit is used for outputting electric power.
Further, the air turbine set includes:
a first heater, a first input end of the first heater is used as a first input end of the air turbine set and is connected with a first output end of the evaporator;
a first turbine, an input end of the first turbine being connected to a first output end of the first heater;
a first input end of the second heater is connected with the output end of the first turbine;
a second turbine, an input end of the second turbine being connected to a first output end of the second heater;
a first input end of the third heater is connected with the output end of the second turbine;
an input end of the third turbine is connected with a first output end of the third heater, and a first output end and a second output end of the third turbine are respectively used as a second output end and a third output end of the air turbine unit;
the second input end of the first heater, the second input end of the second heater and the second input end of the third heater are connected in parallel and then serve as the second input end of the air turbine unit, and the second input end of the first heater, the second input end of the second heater and the second input end of the third heater are connected with the second output end of the heat energy storage unit; and the second output end of the first heater, the second output end of the second heater and the second output end of the third heater are connected in parallel and then serve as the first output end of the air turbine unit, and the first output end of the air turbine unit is connected with the second input end of the heat energy storage unit.
Further, the heat supply loop comprises the heat energy storage unit, a first thermal fluid three-way valve, a second thermal fluid three-way valve and a heat supplier;
the second output end of the thermal energy storage unit is connected with the first port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve;
a second port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve is connected with a second input end of the air turbine set, and a third port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve is connected with a third port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve;
a first port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve is connected with a second input end of the air purification unit, and a second port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve is connected with an input end of the heat supply device;
and the output end of the heat supplier is connected with the second output end of the air purification unit in parallel and then is connected to the second input end of the heat energy storage unit.
Further, the cooling and clean air circuit includes a first exhaust three-way valve, a second exhaust three-way valve, and an evaporative cooler;
a first port of the first exhaust three-way valve is connected with a third input end of the air purification unit; a second port of the first exhaust three-way valve is connected with a third port of the second exhaust three-way valve, and a third port of the first exhaust three-way valve is connected with a second output end of an air turbine set in the air power generation circulation loop;
the first port of the second exhaust three-way valve is connected with the input end of the evaporative cooler, the second port of the second exhaust three-way valve is used for outputting dry clean air, and the output end of the evaporative cooler is used for outputting cold energy and wet clean air.
A liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply method is realized on the basis of the liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device and comprises the following steps:
air liquefaction cycle process: the method comprises the following steps that after being initially compressed by a first compressor and cooled by a first cooler, ambient air enters a first adsorption tower, water and carbon dioxide in the air are removed by an adsorbent filled in the adsorption tower, then the ambient air is further compressed to high pressure by a second compressor and a third compressor, and meanwhile, compression heat generated in the air compression process is recovered by utilizing heat exchange fluid and stored in a heat energy storage unit; high-pressure air output by the air compressor unit enters an air cooler, is cooled to low temperature by low-temperature pressurized fluid at the outlet of the cold energy storage unit and gaseous low-temperature air flowing back from the outlet of the gas-liquid separator, then enters a low-temperature expansion machine for expansion and pressure reduction, part of air is liquefied, and liquid air is separated by the gas-liquid separator and stored in a liquid air storage tank;
air power generation cycle process: liquid air output by the liquid air storage tank is pressurized to high pressure through a low-temperature pump and then enters an evaporator to undergo a liquid-gas phase change process, and phase change cold energy is recovered and stored in a cold energy storage unit through pressurized fluid; the gasified high-pressure air enters an air turbine unit, is heated to high temperature through part of compression heat stored by a heat energy storage unit, and then is expanded to generate power;
a heat supply process: a part of the compression heat stored in the heat energy storage unit passes through a second thermal fluid circulating pump, a first thermal fluid three-way valve and a second thermal fluid three-way valve in sequence by utilizing the heat exchange fluid, and then the heat is released to a user through a heat supply device;
cooling and air cleaning processes: the dry clean air output by the air turbine unit is divided into two paths after passing through a first exhaust three-way valve and a second exhaust three-way valve: one path is directly supplied with dry and clean air; the other path enters an evaporative cooler to evaporate and absorb water vapor to supply cold energy, and simultaneously the air humidity is increased to a comfortable area of a human body to supply wet clean air.
Further, the first adsorption tower and the second adsorption tower in the air purification unit can both realize continuous adsorption or regeneration operation, and the method comprises the following steps:
hot air regeneration: after passing through the first exhaust three-way valve, part of the dry and clean air at the outlet of the air turbine unit enters the heat exchanger, is heated to high temperature by part of air compression heat stored in the heat energy storage unit, and then enters the second adsorption tower or the first adsorption tower to regenerate components such as water, carbon dioxide and the like adsorbed in the adsorbent, so that the adsorbent recovers the adsorption capacity;
cold air regeneration: after the dry air at the outlet of the air turbine unit passes through the first exhaust three-way valve, one part of the dry air directly enters the second adsorption tower or the first adsorption tower to regenerate the water and carbon dioxide components adsorbed in the adsorbent, so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is recovered.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the pressurization technology to widen the liquid phase temperature zone of the heat exchange fluid, realizes the recovery, storage and utilization of the liquid air evaporation gasification cold energy of the single fluid, can effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency of the air cooler and the evaporator on one hand, can simplify the cold energy storage structure on the other hand, and reduces the initial investment of equipment.
2. The invention can realize the purposes of additional heat supply and regeneration of the adsorption tower by reasonably distributing the stored air compression heat, thereby reducing the power consumed by the traditional electric heating driving of the regeneration of the adsorption tower on one hand and obtaining additional economic benefit by heat supply on the other hand.
3. The invention efficiently recycles the dry and clean air discharged in the air power generation circulation process, realizes the additional benefits of cooling and air conditioning, and can obviously improve the economic benefit of liquid air energy storage.
4. The invention provides a feasible method and scheme for realizing the cold-heat-electricity-air four-combined supply of the liquid air energy storage system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the variation of liquid temperature range of several heat exchange fluids with pressure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a cold energy storage unit using solid cold storage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a cold energy storage unit using liquid for cold storage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic structural view illustrating a thermal energy storage unit using solid heat storage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a thermal energy storage unit using liquid for heat storage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a hot air regeneration method for an air purification unit;
FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for regenerating cold air in an air purification unit;
FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of an evaporative cooler employing direct evaporative cooling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of an evaporative cooler employing indirect evaporative cooling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6c is a schematic view of an evaporative cooler employing dew point evaporative cooling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of simulation results using a liquid as a heat transfer and storage medium in an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein the air compressor set 100, the first compressor 101, the first cooler 102, the second compressor 103, the second cooler 104, the third compressor 105, the third cooler 106, the air cooler 201, the low temperature expander 202, the gas-liquid separator 203, the liquid air storage tank 204, the low temperature pump 205, the evaporator 206, the first exhaust three-way valve 207, the second exhaust three-way valve 208, the air turbine set 300, the first heater 301, the first turbine 302, the second heater 303, the second turbine 304, the third heater 305, the third turbine 306, the cold energy storage unit 401, the solid heat storage tank 4011, the first cold fluid three-way valve 4012, the second cold fluid three-way valve 4013, the first liquid heat storage tank 401.1, the second liquid heat storage tank 401.2, the first cold fluid circulation pump 402, the second cold fluid circulation pump 403, the thermal energy storage unit 501, the solid heat storage tank 5011, the third thermal fluid 5012, the fourth thermal fluid 5013, the system comprises a first liquid heat storage tank 501.1, a second liquid heat storage tank 501.2, a first hot fluid circulating pump 502, a second hot fluid circulating pump 503, a first hot fluid three-way valve 504, a second hot fluid three-way valve 505, a heater 506, an air purification unit 600, a first adsorption tower 601, a second adsorption tower 602, a first air three-way valve 603, a second air three-way valve 604, a third air three-way valve 605, a fourth air three-way valve 606, a fifth air three-way valve 607, a heat exchanger 608, a sixth air three-way valve 609, an evaporative cooler 700, a spray tower 701, a circulating water pump 702, a cooler 703, an expansion liquid tank 704, a chilled water pump 705, a coil 706, a dew point evaporative cooler three-way valve 707, a dry air heat exchange channel 708 and a wet air heat exchange channel 709.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The invention provides a liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device and a method, which are high-efficiency cold energy, heat energy and dry clean air recycling methods and can realize combined supply of cold, heat, electricity and clean air. The device comprises an air liquefaction circulation loop, an air power generation circulation loop, a heat supply loop and a cold supply and clean air loop. The electricity consumption valley period, ambient air further compresses to the high pressure after preliminary compression, air purification, then obtains liquid air through pressurized fluid cooling, inflation step-down, retrieves storage air compression heat energy simultaneously. During the electricity consumption peak period, liquid air is pressurized to high pressure through a low-temperature pump, is evaporated and gasified to release cold energy to pressurized fluid and is stored, then is heated to high temperature by a part of air compression heat energy, and finally enters an air turbine set to be expanded and generate electricity. The dry clean air discharged from the air turbine unit is partially used in the regeneration air purification process, and the other part is used for supplying cold energy and wet clean air through evaporative cooling. The air compression heat energy is used for heating air to expand and generate electricity, and the redundant part is used for supplying heat energy and regenerating an air purification process. The invention improves the recovery and storage efficiency of evaporation gasification cold energy through the pressurized fluid, efficiently distributes and utilizes air compression heat energy, fully recycles the discharged dry clean air, and finally realizes the four-combined supply of liquid air energy storage cold, heat, electricity and clean air.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device is provided. In this embodiment, the apparatus includes: the air liquefaction circulation loop, the air power generation circulation loop, the heat supply loop and the cooling and cleaning air loop;
the air liquefaction circulation loop is used for purifying, compressing and cooling ambient air, expanding and depressurizing the ambient air to obtain liquid air, the liquid air is transmitted to the air power generation circulation loop, and air compression heat generated in the compression process is stored in the heat energy storage unit 501;
the air power generation circulation loop performs expansion power generation on the received liquid air after pressurization, evaporation gasification and further heating, the discharged dry and clean air is transmitted to the cooling and clean air loop, and cold energy generated in the evaporation gasification process is stored in the cold energy storage unit 401;
the heat supply loop receives the compression heat transmitted by the thermal energy storage unit 501 to supply heat to users;
the cooling and cleaning air circuit outputs the received dry and clean air through evaporative cooling to output cold energy and wet clean air, or directly outputs the dry and clean air.
In the above embodiments, the cold energy storage unit 401 exchanges heat with a pressurized fluid, such as propane, air, carbon dioxide, etc., and the storage medium may be a solid material (zeolite, phase change material, etc.) or a pressurized fluid (both heat exchange and storage media). The storage medium of the thermal energy storage unit 501 may be a solid or a liquid, and when liquid storage is adopted, the liquid is both a heat exchange medium and a storage medium.
In the above embodiments, the air liquefaction cycle may adopt a Linde cycle, a Claude cycle, a Kapitza cycle, a Heylandt cycle, or a Colins cycle, which is not limited herein.
Specifically, the air liquefaction circulation loop includes a cold energy storage unit 401 and a hot energy storage unit 501, and further includes an air compressor unit 100, an air cooler 201, a low-temperature expander 202, a gas-liquid separator 203, a liquid air storage tank 204, and an air purification unit 600. The first input of the air compressor set 100 is used for inputting ambient air, the second input of the air compressor set 100 is used for inputting electric power, the first output of the air compressor set 100 is connected with the first input of the air cooler 201, the second output of the air compressor set 100 is connected with the first input of the air purification unit 600, the third output of the air compressor set 100 is connected with the first input of the thermal energy storage unit 501, the third input of the air compressor set 100 is connected with the first output of the thermal energy storage unit 501, and the fourth input of the air compressor set 100 is connected with the first output of the air purification unit 600. A second input end of the air cooler 201 is connected with a first output end of the gas-liquid separator 203, a third input end of the air cooler 201 is connected with a first output end of the cold energy storage unit 401, a first output end of the air cooler 201 is connected with a first input end of the air compressor set 100, a second output end of the air cooler 201 is connected with an input end of the low-temperature expander 202, and a third output end of the air cooler 201 is connected with a first input end of the cold energy storage unit 401; the output end of the low-temperature expander 202 is connected with the input end of the gas-liquid separator 203, and the second output end of the gas-liquid separator 203 is connected with the input end of the liquid air storage tank 204.
In the present embodiment, the air compressor package 100 may employ single-stage compression or multi-stage compression. When multi-stage compression is employed, the air compressor package 100 includes:
a first input end and a second input end of the first compressor 101 are respectively used as a first input end and a second input end of the air compressor unit 100;
a first input end of the first cooler 102 is connected with an output end of the first compressor 101, and a first output end of the first cooler 102 is used as a second output end of the air compressor set 100 and is connected with a first input end of the air purification unit 600;
the input end of the second compressor 103 is used as the fourth input end of the air compressor set 100 and is connected with the first output end of the air purification unit 600;
a second cooler 104, a first input end of the second cooler 104 is connected with an output end of the second compressor 103;
a third compressor 105, an input end of the third compressor 105 is connected with a first output end of the second cooler 104;
a third cooler 106, a first input of the third cooler 106 being connected to an output of the third compressor 105; a first output of the third cooler 106 is connected as a first output of the air compressor package 100 to a first input of the air cooler 201;
a second input end of the first cooler 102, a second input end of the second cooler 104 and a second input end of the third cooler 106 are connected in parallel and then serve as a third input end of the air compressor set 100, and are connected with a first output end of the thermal energy storage unit 501; a second output end of the first cooler 102, a second output end of the second cooler 104, and a second output end of the third cooler 106 are connected in parallel and then serve as a third output end of the air compressor set 100, and are connected with a first input end of the thermal energy storage unit 501.
In the present embodiment, it is preferable that a first cold fluid circulation pump 402 is connected between the third input of the air cooler 201 and the first output of the cold energy storage unit 401.
In the present embodiment, the air purification unit 600 includes:
a first adsorption column 601 having an upper port and a lower port;
a second adsorption column 602 having an upper port and a lower port;
a first air three-way valve 603, a first port of which is connected to a lower port of the first adsorption tower 601, and a second port of the first air three-way valve 603 serving as a first input end of the air purification unit 600;
a second air three-way valve 604, a first port of which is connected to the upper port of the first adsorption tower 601, and a second port of the second air three-way valve 604 serving as a first output end of the air purification unit 600;
a third air three-way valve 605 having a first port connected to the upper port of the second adsorption tower 602 and a second port of the third air three-way valve 605 connected to the third port of the second air three-way valve 604;
a fourth air three-way valve 606 of which a first port is connected to a lower port of the second adsorption tower 602, a second port of the fourth air three-way valve 606 is connected to a third port of the first air three-way valve 603, and a third port of the fourth air three-way valve 606 is connected to the outside;
a fifth air three-way valve 607 having a first port as a third input of the air purification unit 600;
a first input end of the heat exchanger 608 is connected with a second port of the fifth air three-way valve 607, and a second input end and a second output end of the heat exchanger 608 are respectively used as a second input end and a second output end of the air purification unit 600;
a first port of the sixth air three-way valve 609 is connected to the second output terminal of the heat exchanger 608, a second port of the sixth air three-way valve 609 is connected to the third port of the fifth air three-way valve 607, and a third port of the sixth air three-way valve 609 is connected to the third port of the third air three-way valve 605.
In the above embodiment, the air power generation circulation loop includes the cold energy storage unit 401, the thermal energy storage unit 501, the liquid air storage tank 204, the cryopump 205, the evaporator 206, and the air turbine unit 300. An input of the cryopump 205 is connected to an output of the liquid air storage tank 204, and an output of the cryopump 205 is connected to a first input of the evaporator 206. A first output of the evaporator 206 is connected to a first input of the air turbine unit 300, a second output of the evaporator 206 is connected to a second input of the cold energy storage unit 401, and a second input of the evaporator 206 is connected to a second output of the cold energy storage unit 401; a second input of the air turbine unit 300 is connected to a second output of the thermal energy storage unit 501, a first output of the air turbine unit 300 is connected to a second input of the thermal energy storage unit 501, a second output of the air turbine unit 300 is connected to a cooling and clean air circuit, and a third output of the air turbine unit 300 is used for outputting electric power.
In this embodiment, the air turbine unit 300 may employ single stage expansion or multiple stage expansion. When multi-stage expansion is employed, the air turbine assembly 300 includes:
a first heater 301, a first input end of the first heater 301 being a first input end of the air turbine unit 300, and being connected to a first output end of the evaporator 206;
a first turbine 302, an input end of the first turbine 302 being connected to a first output end of the first heater 301;
a second heater 303, a first input end of the second heater 303 is connected with an output end of the first turbine 302;
a second turbine 304, an input of the second turbine 304 being connected to a first output of the second heater 303;
a third heater 305, a first input end of the third heater 305 being connected to an output end of the second turbine 304;
a third turbine 306, an input of the third turbine 306 being connected to a first output of the third heater 305, a first output and a second output of the third turbine 306 being respectively a second output and a third output of the air turbine unit 300;
a second input end of the first heater 301, a second input end of the second heater 303 and a second input end of the third heater 305 are connected in parallel to be used as a second input end of the air turbine unit 300 and connected with a second output end of the thermal energy storage unit 501; the second output terminal of the first heater 301, the second output terminal of the second heater 303, and the second output terminal of the third heater 305 are connected in parallel to serve as a first output terminal of the air turbine unit 300, and are connected to a second input terminal of the thermal energy storage unit 501.
In the present embodiment, a second cold fluid circulation pump 403 is preferably connected between the second output of the cold energy storage unit 401 and the second input of the evaporator 206.
In the above embodiment, the heating circuit includes the thermal energy storage unit 501, and further includes the first thermal fluid three-way valve 504, the second thermal fluid three-way valve 505, and the heater 506. A second output end of the thermal energy storage unit 501 is connected with a first port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve 504; a second port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve 504 is connected to a second input terminal of the air turbine unit 300, and a third port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve 504 is connected to a third port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve 505; a first port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve 505 is connected with a second input end of the air purification unit 600, and a second port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve 505 is connected with an input end of the heat supply device 506; the output end of the heater 506 is connected in parallel with the second output end of the air purification unit 600 and then connected to the second input end of the thermal energy storage unit 501.
In this embodiment, a second thermal fluid circulating pump 503 is preferably connected between the second output end of the thermal energy storage unit 501 and the first end of the first thermal fluid three-way valve 504.
In the above embodiment, the cooling and cleaning air circuit includes the first exhaust three-way valve 207, the second exhaust three-way valve 208, and the evaporative cooler 700. A first port of the first exhaust three-way valve 207 is connected to a third input terminal of the air cleaning unit 600; a second port of the first exhaust three-way valve 207 is connected to a third port of the second exhaust three-way valve 208, and a third port of the first exhaust three-way valve 207 is connected to a second output terminal of the air turbine unit 300 in the air power generation circulation circuit; a first port of the second exhaust three-way valve 208 is connected to an input of the evaporative cooler 700, a second port of the second exhaust three-way valve 208 is used to output dry clean air, and an output of the evaporative cooler 700 is used to output cold energy and humid clean air.
In the present embodiment, the evaporative cooler 700 includes, but is not limited to, the following three evaporative cooling configurations: direct evaporative cooling, indirect evaporative cooling, or dew point evaporative cooling.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply method is provided, and the method is implemented based on the liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device provided in the above embodiments, and includes the following processes:
air liquefaction cycle process: after being primarily compressed by the first compressor 101 and cooled by the first cooler 102, ambient air enters the first adsorption tower 601, water and carbon dioxide in the air are removed by an adsorbent filled in the adsorption tower, and then the ambient air is further compressed to high pressure by the second compressor 103 and the third compressor 105, and meanwhile, compression heat generated in the air compression process is recovered by utilizing heat exchange fluid and is stored in the heat energy storage unit 501; the high-pressure air output by the air compressor unit 100 enters an air cooler 201, is cooled to low temperature by the pressurized low-temperature fluid at the outlet of the cold energy storage unit 401 and the gaseous low-temperature air flowing back from the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 203, then enters a low-temperature expander 202 to be expanded and depressurized, part of the air is liquefied, and liquid air is separated by the gas-liquid separator 203 and stored in a liquid air storage tank 204;
air power generation cycle process: liquid air output by the liquid air storage tank 204 is pressurized to high pressure by the cryogenic pump 205, and then enters the evaporator 206 to undergo a liquid-gas phase change process, and phase change cold energy is recovered and stored in the cold energy storage unit 401 through pressurized fluid; the gasified high-pressure air enters the air turbine unit 300, is heated to a high temperature by a part of the compression heat stored in the heat energy storage unit 501, and then is expanded to generate power;
a heat supply process: another part of the compressed heat stored in the thermal energy storage unit 501 passes through a second thermal fluid circulating pump 503, a first thermal fluid three-way valve 504 and a second thermal fluid three-way valve 505 in sequence by using the heat exchange fluid, and then the heat is released to the user through a heat supply device 506;
cooling and air cleaning processes: the dry clean air output by the air turbine unit 300 is divided into two paths after passing through the first exhaust three-way valve 207 and the second exhaust three-way valve 208: one path is directly supplied with dry clean air, the other path enters the evaporative cooler 700 to evaporate and absorb water vapor to supply cold energy, and meanwhile, the air humidity is increased to a comfortable area of a human body to supply wet clean air.
In the above embodiment, the first adsorption tower 601 and the second adsorption tower 602 in the air purification unit 600 can achieve the purpose of continuous adsorption or regeneration operation by switching the three-way valve, and the regeneration of the adsorption tower may consume no or little heat energy, including but not limited to the following two methods:
hot air regeneration: after passing through the first exhaust three-way valve 207, a part of the dry clean air at the outlet of the air turbine unit 300 enters the heat exchanger 608, is heated to a high temperature by a part of the air compression heat stored in the thermal energy storage unit 501, and then enters the second adsorption tower 602 or the first adsorption tower 601 to regenerate the components such as water, carbon dioxide and the like adsorbed in the adsorbent, so that the adsorbent recovers the adsorption capacity;
cold air regeneration: after passing through the first exhaust three-way valve 207, a part of the dry air at the outlet of the air turbine unit 300 directly enters the second adsorption tower 602 or the first adsorption tower 601 to regenerate the components such as water and carbon dioxide adsorbed in the adsorbent, so that the adsorbent recovers the adsorption capacity.
In the embodiment, the liquid-phase temperature region of the heat exchange fluid is increased by a pressurization technology, the single fluid cross-temperature region recovery, storage and utilization of liquid air evaporation gasification cold energy are realized, on one hand, the heat exchange and storage efficiency can be enhanced, on the other hand, the system structure can be simplified, and the initial investment of equipment is reduced.
In the above embodiment, the heat supply and the improvement of the liquid air power generation amount can be realized by reasonably distributing the compression heat stored in the thermal energy storage unit 501.
In the above embodiment, the present invention can realize the supply of clean air and cooling energy by efficiently recycling the dry clean air discharged from the air turbine unit 300.
In the above embodiment, the present invention can realize near-zero energy consumption regeneration of the air purification unit by using the excess compression heat and drying the clean air.
The invention can realize liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-clean air quadruple supply.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 2, it is a schematic diagram of the liquid-phase temperature region of several heat-exchange fluids varying with the working pressure: along with the increase of the working pressure, the liquid phase temperature zone of the heat exchange fluid is gradually widened and can cover a liquid air evaporation and vaporization cold energy temperature zone (85-300K), so that the evaporation and vaporization cold energy can be completely recovered by a single pressurized fluid.
As shown in fig. 3a and 3b, two structural schematic diagrams of the cold energy storage unit 401 are shown: fig. 3a shows a solid cold store and fig. 3b shows a liquid cold store.
When solid cold storage is employed, the cold energy storage unit 401 includes: a solid heat-storage tank 4011, a first cold fluid three-way valve 4012, and a second cold fluid three-way valve 4013; the solid heat-storage tank 4011 has a first output terminal and a first input terminal; a first port of the first cold fluid three-way valve 4012 is connected with a first output end of the solid cold storage tank 4011, a second port of the first cold fluid three-way valve 4012 is connected with an input end of the first cold fluid circulating pump 402, and a third port of the first cold fluid three-way valve 4012 is connected with a second output end of the evaporator 206; a first port of the second cold fluid three-way valve 4013 is connected with a first input end of the solid cold storage tank 4011, a second port of the second cold fluid three-way valve 4013 is connected with a third output end of the air cooler 201, and a third port of the second cold fluid three-way valve 4013 is connected with an input end of the second cold fluid circulating pump 403.
When liquid cold storage is employed, the cold energy storage unit 401 includes: a first liquid heat-storage tank 401.1 and a second liquid heat-storage tank 401.2; the output end of the first liquid heat-storage tank 401.1 is connected with the input end of the first cold fluid circulating pump 402, and the input end of the first liquid heat-storage tank 401.1 is connected with the second output end of the evaporator 206; an input of the second liquid heat-storage tank 401.2 is connected to a third output of the air cooler 201, and an output of the second liquid heat-storage tank 401.2 is connected to an input of the second cold fluid circulation pump 403.
As shown in fig. 4a and 4b, the thermal energy storage unit 501 has two structures: fig. 4a is solid heat storage and fig. 4b is liquid heat storage.
When solid heat storage is employed, the thermal energy storage unit 501 includes: a solid heat storage tank 5011, a third thermal fluid three-way valve 5012 and a fourth thermal fluid three-way valve 5013; the solid thermal storage tank 5011 has a first port and a second port; a first port of the third thermal fluid three-way valve 5012 is connected with a first port of the solid heat storage tank 5011, a second port of the third thermal fluid three-way valve 5012 is connected with an input end of the first thermal fluid cycle 502, and a third port of the third thermal fluid three-way valve 5012 is connected with a first output end of the air turbine unit 300; a first port of the fourth thermal fluid three-way valve 5013 is connected to a second port of the solid heat storage tank 5011, a second port of the fourth thermal fluid three-way valve 5013 is connected to a third output terminal of the air compressor set 100, and a third port of the fourth thermal fluid three-way valve 5013 is connected to an input terminal of the second thermal fluid circulation pump 503.
When liquid heat storage is employed, the thermal energy storage unit 501 includes: a first liquid heat storage tank 501.1 and a second liquid heat storage tank 501.2; the output end of the first liquid heat storage tank 501.1 is connected with the input end of the first thermal fluid circulating pump 502, and the input end of the first liquid heat storage tank 501.1 is connected with the first output end of the air turbine unit 300; the input end of the second liquid heat storage tank 501.2 is connected with the third output end of the air compressor unit 100, and the output end of the second liquid heat storage tank 501.2 is connected with the input end of the second thermal fluid circulating pump 503.
As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, there are two regeneration methods for the air purification unit: hot-blow regeneration and cold-blow regeneration.
During hot blowing regeneration, a first port and a second port of the fifth air three-way valve 607 and a first port and a third port of the sixth air three-way valve 609 are opened, a part of dry clean air discharged by the air turbine unit 300 is heated by the heat exchanger 608 and enters the first adsorption tower 601 or the second adsorption tower 602, and the components such as water and carbon dioxide adsorbed in the adsorbent are resolved out by means of thermal driving and partial pressure difference driving, so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is restored again.
During cold blowing regeneration, a first port and a third port of a fifth air three-way valve 607 are opened, a first port and a second port of a sixth air three-way valve 609 are opened, a part of dry clean air discharged by the air turbine unit 300 directly enters the first adsorption tower 601 or the second adsorption tower 602, and components such as water, carbon dioxide and the like adsorbed in the adsorbent are resolved out by means of partial pressure difference driving, so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is restored again; in both the adsorption process and the desorption process, the adsorption tower can achieve the purpose of alternate operation by controlling the switching of the first air three-way valve 603, the second air three-way valve 604, the third air three-way valve 605 and the fourth air three-way valve 606.
As shown in fig. 6a to 6c, there are three kinds of schematic structures of the evaporative cooler 700: fig. 6a is direct evaporative cooling, fig. 6b is indirect evaporative cooling, fig. 6c is dew point evaporative cooling, and mainly includes a spray tower 701, a circulating water pump 702, a cooler 703, an expansion liquid tank 704, a chilled water pump 705, a coil 706, a dew point evaporative cooler three-way valve 707, a dry air heat exchange channel 708, and a wet air heat exchange channel 709.
In direct evaporative cooling, as shown in fig. 6a, dry clean air is in direct contact with spray water in a spray tower 701, absorbs water vapor by virtue of a water vapor partial pressure difference, air humidity increases, and spray water temperature decreases; the cooled spray water enters the cooling device 703 to output cooling capacity, and the humidified clean air outputs humid clean air for air conditioning.
In indirect evaporative cooling, as shown in fig. 6b, dry clean air absorbs water vapor in the spray tower 701, the humidity of the air increases and the wet clean air is output, and simultaneously, the water vapor absorbs heat through evaporation to cool the circulating water in the coil 706, and then the circulating water enters the cold supplier 703 to output cold.
In dew point evaporative cooling, as shown in fig. 6c, dry clean air is cooled by the wet air heat exchange channel 709 through the dry air heat exchange channel 708, wherein a part of the dry clean air outputs cold energy and dry air to the outside, and the other part of the low temperature dry air flows back to enter the wet air heat exchange channel 709 to evaporate and absorb heat, thereby reducing the channel temperature.
To further illustrate an embodiment of the invention, a simulation calculation was performed on fig. 1 using solid stones as heat and cold storage media, wherein pressurized air (100 bar) and atmospheric pressure thermal oil were used as cold/heat exchange fluids, respectively. The system structure has the advantages of high safety and low cost. Table 1 shows that the liquefaction rate of the system reaches 69% when each key point parameter of the system is operated, and the cyclic power generation efficiency of the system can reach 52% under the condition of not considering energy storage dissipation; when the actual energy storage dissipation is considered, the system cycle power generation efficiency is 43%.
TABLE 1 operating Point parameters
Operating point Flow (kg/s) Temperature (K) Pressure (MPa) Fluid, especially for a motor vehicle
1 35.20 293.00 0.10 Air (a)
2 35.20 481.64 0.49 Air (a)
3 35.20 299.00 0.49 Air (a)
4 35.20 491.93 2.43 Air (a)
5 35.20 299.00 2.43 Air (a)
6 35.20 494.29 12.00 Air (a)
7 35.20 299.00 12.00 Air (a)
8 35.20 120.01 12.00 Air (a)
9 35.20 79.31 0.10 Air (a)
10 11.17 81.64 0.10 Air (a)
11 11.17 280.65 0.10 Air (a)
12 24.00 78.82 0.10 Air (a)
13 24.00 84.64 12.00 Air (a)
14 24.00 289.50 12.00 Air (a)
15 24.00 441.90 12.00 Air (a)
16 24.00 293.64 2.43 Air (a)
17 24.00 441.90 2.43 Air (a)
18 24.00 296.07 0.49 Air (a)
19 24.00 441.90 0.49 Air (a)
20 24.00 296.73 0.10 Air (a)
h1 84.25 293.00 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h2 28.08 436.81 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h3 28.08 446.10 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h4 28.08 457.61 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h5 84.25 446.90 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h6 49.71 446.10 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h7 16.57 294.92 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h8 16.57 313.27 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h9 16.57 318.72 0.10 Heat conducting oil
h10 49.71 309.10 0.10 Heat conducting oil
c1 25.28 101.47 10.00 Air (a)
c2 25.28 293.00 10.00 Air (a)
c3 25.28 293.00 10.00 Air (a)
c4 25.28 98.39 10.00 Air (a)
To further illustrate embodiments of the present invention, simulation calculations were performed on FIG. 1 using a liquid as the heat transfer and heat/cold storage medium. Compared with the traditional method in which the liquid is the combination of normal pressure propane and methanol, the liquid in the invention is pressurized propane (10 bar), and the comparison result is shown in figure 7, the investment cost of the system in the invention can be reduced by about 7%.
In conclusion, the liquid-phase temperature area of the heat exchange fluid is increased through a pressurization technology, the single fluid cross-temperature area recovery, storage and utilization of liquid air evaporation gasification cold energy are realized, on one hand, the heat exchange and storage efficiency can be improved, on the other hand, the system structure can be simplified, and the initial investment of equipment is reduced; according to the invention, heat supply and air generating capacity improvement can be realized simultaneously by reasonably distributing air compression heat; the invention can realize the supply of clean air and cold energy by efficiently recycling the discharged dry clean air. Finally, the liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air four-combined supply device can realize liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air four-combined supply.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device is characterized by comprising: the air liquefaction circulation loop, the air power generation circulation loop, the heat supply loop and the cooling and cleaning air loop;
the air liquefaction circulation loop is used for purifying, compressing and cooling ambient air, expanding and depressurizing the ambient air to obtain liquid air, the liquid air is transmitted to the air power generation circulation loop, and air compression heat generated in the compression process is stored in the heat energy storage unit (501);
the air power generation circulation loop carries out expansion power generation on the received liquid air after pressurization, evaporation and gasification and further heating, the discharged dry and clean air is transmitted to the cooling and clean air loop, and cold energy generated in the evaporation and gasification process is stored in a cold energy storage unit (401);
the heat supply loop receives the compression heat transmitted by the thermal energy storage unit (501) and supplies heat to users;
the cooling and cleaning air loop outputs the received dry and clean air through evaporative cooling to output cold energy and wet and clean air, or directly outputs the dry and clean air.
2. The liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air liquefaction cycle comprises the cold energy storage unit (401) and the thermal energy storage unit (501), and further comprises an air compressor unit (100), an air cooler (201), a low-temperature expander (202), a gas-liquid separator (203), a liquid air storage tank (204) and an air purification unit (600);
a first input end of the air compressor set (100) is used for inputting ambient air, a second input end of the air compressor set (100) is used for inputting electric power, a first output end of the air compressor set (100) is connected with a first input end of an air cooler (201), a second output end of the air compressor set (100) is connected with a first input end of the air purification unit (600), a third output end of the air compressor set (100) is connected with a first input end of the thermal energy storage unit (501), a third input end of the air compressor set (100) is connected with a first output end of the thermal energy storage unit (501), and a fourth input end of the air compressor set (100) is connected with a first output end of the air purification unit (600);
a second input of the air cooler (201) is connected with a first output of the gas-liquid separator (203), a third input of the air cooler (201) is connected with a first output of the cold energy storage unit (401), a first output of the air cooler (201) is connected with a first input of the air compressor set (100), a second output of the air cooler (201) is connected with an input of the cryogenic expander (202), and a third output of the air cooler (201) is connected with a first input of the cold energy storage unit (401);
the output end of the low-temperature expansion machine (202) is connected with the input end of the gas-liquid separator (203), and the second output end of the gas-liquid separator (203) is connected with the input end of the liquid air storage tank (204).
3. The liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device according to claim 2, wherein the air compressor set (100) comprises:
a first input end and a second input end of the first compressor (101) are respectively used as a first input end and a second input end of the air compressor unit (100);
a first cooler (102), a first input end of the first cooler (102) is connected with an output end of the first compressor (101), a first output end of the first cooler (102) is used as a second output end of the air compressor unit (100) and is connected with a first input end of the air purification unit (600);
the input end of the second compressor (103) is used as the fourth input end of the air compressor unit (100) and is connected with the first output end of the air purification unit (600);
a second cooler (104), a first input of the second cooler (104) being connected to an output of the second compressor (103);
a third compressor (105), an input of the third compressor (105) being connected to a first output of the second cooler (104);
a third cooler (106), a first input of the third cooler (106) being connected to an output of the third compressor (105); a first output of the third cooler (106) is connected as a first output of the air compressor train (100) to a first input of the air cooler (201);
a second input end of the first cooler (102), a second input end of the second cooler (104) and a second input end of the third cooler (106) are connected in parallel to serve as a third input end of the air compressor set (100), and the third input end is connected with a first output end of the thermal energy storage unit (501); and the second output end of the first cooler (102), the second output end of the second cooler (104) and the second output end of the third cooler (106) are connected in parallel to serve as a third output end of the air compressor unit (100), and the third output end is connected with the first input end of the thermal energy storage unit (501).
4. The liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the air purification unit (600) comprises:
a first adsorption column (601) having an upper port and a lower port;
a second adsorption column (602) having an upper port and a lower port;
a first air three-way valve (603) having a first port connected to a lower port of the first adsorption tower (601) and a second port serving as a first input of the air purification unit (600);
a second air three-way valve (604) having a first port connected to an upper port of the first adsorption tower (601) and a second port serving as a first output end of the air purification unit (600);
a third air three-way valve (605) having a first port connected to the upper port of the second adsorption column (602) and a second port connected to the third port of the second air three-way valve (604);
a fourth air three-way valve (606) having a first port connected to a lower port of the second adsorption tower (602), a second port connected to a third port of the first air three-way valve (603), and a third port connected to the outside;
a fifth air three-way valve (607) having a first port as a third input of the air purification unit (600);
a first input end of the heat exchanger (608) is connected with a second port of the fifth air three-way valve (607), and a second input end and a second output end of the heat exchanger (608) are respectively used as a second input end and a second output end of the air purification unit (600);
and a sixth air three-way valve (609) having a first port connected to the second output terminal of the heat exchanger (608), a second port connected to the third port of the fifth air three-way valve (607), and a third port connected to the third port of the third air three-way valve (605).
5. The liquefied air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air four-combined supply device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air power generation circulation loop comprises the cold energy storage unit (401), the heat energy storage unit (501) and the liquefied air storage tank (204), and further comprises a cryogenic pump (205), an evaporator (206) and an air turbine unit (300);
the input end of the cryogenic pump (205) is connected with the output end of the liquid air storage tank (204), and the output end of the cryogenic pump (205) is connected with the first input end of the evaporator (206);
a first output of the evaporator (206) is connected to a first input of the air turbine unit (300), a second output of the evaporator (206) is connected to a second input of the cold energy storage unit (401), and a second input of the evaporator (206) is connected to a second output of the cold energy storage unit (401);
the second input of air turbine group (300) with the second output of heat energy storage unit (501) is connected, the first output of air turbine group (300) with the second input of heat energy storage unit (501) is connected, the second output of air turbine group (300) with cooling and clean air return circuit connects, the third output of air turbine group (300) is used for exporting electric power.
6. The liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device according to claim 5, wherein the air turbine unit (300) comprises:
a first heater (301), a first input of the first heater (301) being a first input of the air turbine unit (300) and being connected to a first output of the evaporator (206);
a first turbine (302), an input of the first turbine (302) being connected to a first output of the first heater (301);
a second heater (303), a first input of the second heater (303) being connected to an output of the first turbine (302);
a second turbine (304), an input of the second turbine (304) being connected to a first output of the second heater (303);
a third heater (305), a first input of the third heater (305) being connected to an output of the second turbine (304);
a third turbine (306), an input of the third turbine (306) being connected to a first output of the third heater (305), a first output and a second output of the third turbine (306) being respectively a second output and a third output of the air turbine assembly (300);
a second input end of the first heater (301), a second input end of the second heater (303) and a second input end of the third heater (305) are connected in parallel to serve as a second input end of the air turbine unit (300), and are connected with a second output end of the thermal energy storage unit (501); and a second output end of the first heater (301), a second output end of the second heater (303) and a second output end of the third heater (305) are connected in parallel to serve as a first output end of the air turbine unit (300) and connected with a second input end of the thermal energy storage unit (501).
7. The liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruplex supply device of claim 1, wherein the heat supply circuit comprises the thermal energy storage unit (501), and further comprises a first thermal fluid three-way valve (504), a second thermal fluid three-way valve (505), and a heat supply (506);
a second output end of the thermal energy storage unit (501) is connected with a first port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve (504);
a second port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve (504) is connected with a second input end of the air turbine unit (300), and a third port of the first thermal fluid three-way valve (504) is connected with a third port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve (505);
a first port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve (505) is connected with a second input end of the air purification unit (600), and a second port of the second thermal fluid three-way valve (505) is connected with an input end of the heat supplier (506);
the output end of the heater (506) is connected with the second output end of the air purification unit (600) in parallel and then connected to the second input end of the thermal energy storage unit (501).
8. The liquefied air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air four-combined supply device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold supply and clean air circuit comprises a first exhaust three-way valve (207), a second exhaust three-way valve (208) and an evaporative cooler (700);
a first port of the first exhaust three-way valve (207) is connected with a third input end of the air purification unit (600); a second port of the first exhaust three-way valve (207) is connected with a third port of the second exhaust three-way valve (208), and a third port of the first exhaust three-way valve (207) is connected with a second output end of an air turbine unit (300) in the air power generation circulation loop;
the first port of the second exhaust three-way valve (208) is connected with the input end of the evaporative cooler (700), the second port of the second exhaust three-way valve (208) is used for outputting dry clean air, and the output end of the evaporative cooler (700) is used for outputting cold energy and wet clean air.
9. A liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply method is realized based on the liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruple supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises the following steps:
air liquefaction cycle process: after being initially compressed by a first compressor (101) and cooled by a first cooler (102), ambient air enters a first adsorption tower (601) in an air purification unit (600), water and carbon dioxide in the air are removed by an adsorbent filled in the adsorption tower, then the air is further compressed to high pressure by a second compressor (103) and a third compressor (105), and meanwhile, compression heat generated in the air compression process is recovered by utilizing a heat exchange fluid and stored in a heat energy storage unit (501); high-pressure air output by an air compressor unit (100) enters an air cooler (201), is cooled to low temperature by pressurized low-temperature fluid at the outlet of a cold energy storage unit (401) and gaseous low-temperature air flowing back from the outlet of a gas-liquid separator (203), then enters a low-temperature expander (202) to be expanded and depressurized, part of air is liquefied, and liquid air is separated by the gas-liquid separator (203) and stored in a liquid air storage tank (204);
air power generation cycle process: liquid air output by a liquid air storage tank (204) is pressurized to high pressure through a cryogenic pump (205), then enters an evaporator (206) to undergo a liquid-gas phase change process, and phase-change cold energy is recovered and stored in a cold energy storage unit (401) through pressurized fluid; the gasified high-pressure air enters an air turbine unit (300), is heated to high temperature through a part of compression heat stored by a heat energy storage unit (501), and then is expanded to generate power;
a heat supply process: a part of the compression heat stored in the thermal energy storage unit (501) passes through a second thermal fluid circulating pump (503), a first thermal fluid three-way valve (504) and a second thermal fluid three-way valve (505) in sequence by utilizing the heat exchange fluid, and then the heat is released to a user through a heat supply device (506);
cooling and air cleaning processes: the dry clean air output by the air turbine unit (300) is divided into two paths after passing through a first exhaust three-way valve (207) and a second exhaust three-way valve (208): one path is directly supplied with dry and clean air; the other path enters an evaporative cooler (700) to evaporate and absorb water vapor to supply cold energy, and simultaneously the air humidity is increased to a comfortable area of a human body to supply wet clean air.
10. The liquid air energy storage cold-heat-electricity-air quadruplex supply method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first adsorption tower (601) and the second adsorption tower (602) in the air purification unit (600) can both realize continuous adsorption or regeneration operation, and the method comprises the following steps:
hot air regeneration: after dry clean air at the outlet of the air turbine unit (300) passes through the first exhaust three-way valve (207), a part of the dry clean air enters the heat exchanger (608) and is heated to high temperature by a part of air compression heat stored in the thermal energy storage unit (501), and then enters the second adsorption tower (602) or the first adsorption tower (601) to regenerate components such as water, carbon dioxide and the like adsorbed in the adsorbent, so that the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is recovered;
cold air regeneration: after passing through the first exhaust three-way valve (207), a part of the dry air at the outlet of the air turbine unit (300) directly enters the second adsorption tower (602) or the first adsorption tower (601) to regenerate the water and carbon dioxide components adsorbed in the adsorbent, so that the adsorbent recovers the adsorption capacity.
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