CN114087033A - System and method for measuring exhaust enthalpy of low-pressure cylinder of power station steam turbine - Google Patents
System and method for measuring exhaust enthalpy of low-pressure cylinder of power station steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114087033A CN114087033A CN202111357449.XA CN202111357449A CN114087033A CN 114087033 A CN114087033 A CN 114087033A CN 202111357449 A CN202111357449 A CN 202111357449A CN 114087033 A CN114087033 A CN 114087033A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station, wherein the system comprises a low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system, an electric heating system, a measuring system and a vacuumizing system; the method comprises the steps of sampling low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam by using a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam bypass system, heating the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to a superheated steam state through an electric heating system, and obtaining the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam enthalpy according to an energy balance and mass balance formula and a steam property thermodynamic calculation program. The invention provides the system and the method which are simple in system and quick in calculation process, can quickly obtain the exhaust enthalpy of the low-pressure cylinder, obtain more accurate low-pressure cylinder efficiency and have important significance for guiding the optimized operation, through-flow transformation and the like of a unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steam turbines, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring exhaust enthalpy of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station.
Background
The efficiency of the steam turbine cylinder is an important index for reflecting the performance of the steam turbine, and has important significance for guiding the optimal operation and transformation of the steam turbine. However, in the thermal power generating unit, because the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder is in a wet steam area, the exhaust steam enthalpy cannot be calculated by simply measuring the exhaust steam pressure and temperature, and no effective means is available for directly measuring the exhaust steam humidity of the low-pressure cylinder at present, so the measurement of the exhaust steam enthalpy of the low-pressure cylinder is always a difficult point in engineering.
In industrial applications, the low-pressure cylinder exhaust enthalpy is usually calculated using an energy balance method of expansion line extrapolation. The method mainly utilizes a known line extrapolation method in the expansion process of the superheated steam zone and combines three basic equations of energy balance, material balance and electric power of a steam turbine to obtain the exhaust enthalpy of the low-pressure cylinder through iterative calculation. However, the process line of the wet steam area is obtained by extrapolation of the overheating process line, the calculation process is complex, the iteration times are too many, and the accumulated error is large, so that the accuracy of the obtained low-pressure cylinder exhaust enthalpy is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a system and a method for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station, which have the advantages of simple system, simple method, small calculation workload and higher precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a system for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station comprises a low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system, an electric heating system, a measuring system and a vacuumizing system;
the low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system comprises a low-pressure cylinder, a sampling container and a condenser, wherein the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder and the outlet of the condenser are connected to the inlet of the sampling container through a pipeline from the low-pressure cylinder to the sampling container through exhaust, and the outlet of the sampling container is connected to the inlet of the condenser through a pipeline from the sampling container to the condenser;
the electric heating system is used for heating the sampled low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to a superheated steam state and metering the input electric power;
the measuring system is used for measuring parameters of steam in the sampling container;
the vacuum pumping system comprises a vacuum pump connected with the sampling container through a steam pumping pipeline and is used for exhausting air in the sampling container.
The invention is further improved in that a low-pressure cylinder steam exhaust to low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve is arranged on a low-pressure cylinder steam exhaust to sampling container steam inlet pipeline to control the inflow of steam.
The invention is further improved in that a sampling container to condenser exhaust steam valve is arranged on a sampling container to condenser exhaust steam pipeline to control the outflow of steam.
The invention is further improved in that the electric heating system comprises an electric heater and an electric power measuring instrument which are respectively arranged on the sampling container and used for measuring the input electric power.
The invention is further improved in that the sampling container vacuumizing pipeline is provided with a sampling container vacuumizing system air pumping valve.
The invention is further improved in that a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam pressure measuring point is arranged on the low-pressure cylinder.
The invention has the further improvement that a steam pressure measuring point in the sampling container and a steam temperature measuring point in the sampling container are arranged on the sampling container and are used for measuring steam parameters in the sampling container.
A method for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station adopts the system for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine of the power station, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: closing the steam exhaust valve of the low-pressure cylinder to the steam inlet valve of the low-pressure sampling container and the steam exhaust valve of the sampling container to the condenser, opening the air exhaust valve of the vacuum-pumping system of the sampling container, starting the vacuum pump to extract air in the sampling container, closing the air exhaust valve of the vacuum-pumping system of the sampling container when the sampling container reaches a state close to vacuum, and stopping the vacuum pump; then slowly opening the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to a low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve to enable the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to enter a sampling container, slowly opening the sampling container to a condenser exhaust steam valve to enable the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to flow through a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam bypass system when the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam does not enter the sampling container any more, and measuring the low pressure when the steam state in the sampling container and the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam state are consistent after the system is stable for a set timeCylinder discharge pressure P1(ii) a Suppose at this time that the mass of the vapor in the sampling vessel is m1Specific volume is v1Enthalpy value of h1;
Step two: closing a sampling container to a steam condenser exhaust valve and a low-pressure cylinder exhaust to low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve in a low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system in sequence, then opening an electric heating device, heating the sampled low-pressure cylinder exhaust to a superheated steam state, closing the electric heating device, measuring the input electrical rate W, and measuring the pressure P of the sampling container at the moment2And temperature T2;
Suppose at this time that the mass of the sampling vessel vapor is m2Specific volume is v2Enthalpy value of h2Since the mass conservation equation is not added in the process, the following can be obtained:
m1=m2=m (1)
m2=ρ2·V (2)
ρ2=1/ν2 (3)
from the energy conservation equation:
m1h1+W×3600=m2h2 (4)
the heated steam in the sampling container is superheated steam, and according to the water and steam property table: the following equations can be obtained from the industrial IFC equation of 1967 by the International Commission on formulation:
ν2=V_(P2,T2) (5)
H2=H_(P2,T2) (6)
in the formula, H (P, T) is an enthalpy value calculation function, and V (P, T) is a specific volume calculation function;
the exhaust enthalpy h of the low pressure cylinder can be obtained by combining the above formulas1The expression of (a) is as follows:
the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the method comprises the steps of sampling low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam by using a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam bypass system, heating the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to a superheated steam state through an electric heating system, and obtaining the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam enthalpy according to an energy balance and mass balance formula and a steam property thermodynamic calculation program. The invention provides the system and the method which are simple in system and quick in calculation process, can quickly obtain the exhaust enthalpy of the low-pressure cylinder, obtain more accurate low-pressure cylinder efficiency and have important significance for guiding the optimized operation, through-flow transformation and the like of a unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the device comprises a low pressure cylinder 2, a condenser 3, an electric heating device 4, a sampling container 5, an electric power measuring instrument 6 and a vacuum pump;
f1, exhausting steam from the low-pressure cylinder to a low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve, F2, exhausting steam from the sampling container to a condenser, F3 and a sampling container vacuumizing system air extraction valve.
L1, low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to a sampling container steam inlet pipeline, L2, sampling container to a condenser exhaust steam pipeline, L3, sampling container vacuumizing pipeline.
T2, a measuring point of the temperature of the steam in the sampling container, P1, a measuring point of the exhaust pressure of the low-pressure cylinder, P2 and a measuring point of the pressure of the steam in the sampling container.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine of the power station, provided by the invention, comprises a low pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system, an electric heating system, a measuring system and a vacuumizing system; the low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system comprises a low-pressure cylinder 1, a sampling container 4 and a condenser 2, wherein an outlet of the low-pressure cylinder 1 and an outlet of the condenser 2 are connected to an inlet of the sampling container 4 through a low-pressure cylinder exhaust-to-sampling container pipeline L1, and an outlet of the sampling container 4 is connected to an inlet of the condenser 2 through a sampling container-to-condenser pipeline L2; the electric heating system is used for heating the sampled low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to a superheated steam state and metering the input electric power; the measuring system is used for measuring parameters of steam in the sampling container; the vacuum pumping system comprises a vacuum pump 6 connected with the sampling container 4 through a steam pumping pipeline L3 and used for exhausting air in the sampling container 4. The electric heating system comprises an electric heater 3 and an electric power measuring instrument 5 which are respectively arranged on a sampling container 4 and used for measuring input electric power.
And a low-pressure cylinder steam exhaust to low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve F1 is arranged on the low-pressure cylinder steam exhaust to sampling container steam inlet pipeline L1 to control the inflow of steam. And a sampling container to condenser exhaust steam valve F2 is arranged on the sampling container to condenser exhaust steam pipeline L2 to control the outflow of steam. And the sampling container vacuumizing pipeline L3 is provided with a sampling container vacuumizing system air suction valve F3.
And a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam pressure measuring point P1 is installed on the low-pressure cylinder 1. And a steam pressure measuring point P2 in the sampling container and a steam temperature measuring point T2 in the sampling container are arranged on the sampling container 4 and are used for measuring steam parameters in the sampling container.
The invention provides a method for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: closing the steam exhaust valve F1 from the low-pressure cylinder to the low-pressure sampling container and the steam exhaust valve F2 from the sampling container to the condenser, opening the air exhaust valve F3 of the vacuum-pumping system of the sampling container, starting the vacuum pump 6 to extract the air in the sampling container 4, closing the air exhaust valve F3 of the vacuum-pumping system of the sampling container when the vacuum state in the sampling container 4 is close to the vacuum state, and stopping the vacuum pump 6; then slowly opening the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to a low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve F1 to enable the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to enterWhen the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam enters the sampling container 4 and does not enter the sampling container 4 any more, slowly opening the sampling container to a steam exhaust valve F2 of the condenser to enable the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to flow through a low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam bypass system, and after the system is stably set for time, enabling the steam state in the sampling container 4 to be consistent with the low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam state, measuring the exhaust pressure P of the low-pressure cylinder at the moment1(ii) a Assume at this time that the mass of the vapor in the sampling vessel 4 is m1Specific volume is v1Enthalpy value of h1;
Step two: closing a sampling container to a condenser exhaust valve F2 and a low-pressure cylinder exhaust to low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve F1 in the low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system in sequence, then opening the electric heating device 3, closing the electric heating device 3 after the sampled low-pressure cylinder exhaust is added to a superheated steam state, measuring the input electrical rate W, and measuring the pressure P of the sampling container 4 at the moment2And temperature T2;
Suppose at this time that the mass of the sampling vessel vapor is m2Specific volume is v2Enthalpy value of h2. The mass conservation equation can be obtained because the mass conservation equation is not added in the process:
m1=m2=m (1)
m2=ρ2·V (2)
ρ2=1/v2 (3)
from the energy conservation equation:
m1h1+W×3600=m2h2 (4)
the heated steam in the sampling container is superheated steam, and according to the water and steam property table: the following equations can be obtained from the industrial IFC equation of 1967 by the International Commission on formulation:
v2=V_(P2,T2) (5)
H2=H_(P2,T2) (6)
in the formula, H (P, T) is an enthalpy value calculation function, and V (P, T) is a specific volume calculation function;
the exhaust enthalpy h of the low pressure cylinder can be obtained by combining the above formulas1The expression of (a) is as follows:
in the measurement system for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine of the power station, the superheated steam parameters heated by the sampling container can be directly measured, and the input electric power can also be directly measured, so that the whole calculation process of the exhaust enthalpy of the low pressure cylinder is simple and convenient, the iterative error does not exist, and the measurement system has higher precision.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A system for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of a low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station is characterized by comprising a low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system, an electric heating system, a measuring system and a vacuumizing system;
the low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system comprises a low-pressure cylinder (1), a sampling container (4) and a condenser (2), the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder (1) and the outlet of the condenser (2) are connected to the inlet of the sampling container (4) through a low-pressure cylinder exhaust-to-sampling container pipeline (L1), and the outlet of the sampling container (4) is connected to the inlet of the condenser (2) through a sampling container-to-condenser pipeline (L2);
the electric heating system is used for heating the sampled low-pressure cylinder exhaust steam to a superheated steam state and metering the input electric power;
the measuring system is used for measuring parameters of steam in the sampling container;
the vacuum pumping system comprises a vacuum pump (6) connected with the sampling container (4) through a steam pumping pipeline (L3) and used for exhausting air in the sampling container (4).
2. The system for measuring the enthalpy of exhaust from the low pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the low pressure cylinder exhaust to low pressure sampling vessel inlet valve (F1) is installed on the low pressure cylinder exhaust to sampling vessel inlet pipe (L1) to control the inflow of steam.
3. The system for measuring the enthalpy of discharge from the low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the sampling vessel to condenser discharge line (L2) is provided with a sampling vessel to condenser discharge valve (F2) for controlling the outflow of the steam.
4. The system for measuring the enthalpy of discharge from the low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the electrical heating system comprises an electrical heater (3) and an electrical power meter (5), each mounted on the sampling vessel (4) for metering the electrical power input.
5. The system for measuring the enthalpy of discharge from the low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the sampling vessel evacuation line (L3) is fitted with a sampling vessel evacuation system extraction valve (F3).
6. The system for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine of a power station according to claim 5, characterized in that the low pressure cylinder (1) is provided with a low pressure cylinder exhaust pressure measuring point (P1).
7. The system for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine of the power station according to claim 6, characterized in that the sampling container (4) is provided with a measuring point (P2) for the pressure of the steam in the sampling container and a measuring point (T2) for the temperature of the steam in the sampling container, and the measuring points are used for measuring the parameters of the steam in the sampling container.
8. A method for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of a low pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station, characterized in that the method employs the system for measuring the exhaust enthalpy of a low pressure cylinder of a steam turbine of a power station according to claim 7, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: closing low pressure cylinderExhausting steam to a steam inlet valve (F1) of a low-pressure sampling container and an exhaust valve (F2) of a condenser of a sampling container, opening an air extraction valve (F3) of a vacuum-pumping system of the sampling container, starting a vacuum pump (6) to extract air in the sampling container (4), closing the air extraction valve (F3) of the vacuum-pumping system of the sampling container when the sampling container (4) is in a state close to vacuum, and stopping the vacuum pump (6); then slowly opening the low-pressure cylinder exhaust to a low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve (F1) to enable the low-pressure cylinder exhaust to enter a sampling container (4), slowly opening the sampling container to a condenser steam exhaust valve (F2) when the low-pressure cylinder exhaust does not enter the sampling container (4), enabling the low-pressure cylinder exhaust to flow through a low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system, after the system is stable for a set time, enabling the steam state in the sampling container (4) to be consistent with the low-pressure cylinder exhaust state, and measuring the exhaust pressure P of the low-pressure cylinder at the moment1(ii) a The mass of the gas in the sampling container (4) is assumed to be m at the moment1Specific volume is v1Enthalpy value of h1;
Step two: closing a sampling container to condenser exhaust valve (F2) and a low-pressure cylinder exhaust to low-pressure sampling container steam inlet valve (F1) in the low-pressure cylinder exhaust bypass system in sequence, then opening the electric heating device (3), closing the electric heating device (3) after the sampled low-pressure cylinder exhaust is heated to a superheated steam state, metering the input electrical rate W, and measuring the pressure P of the sampling container (4) at the moment2And temperature T2;
The mass of the gas in the sampling container (4) is assumed to be m at the moment2Specific volume is v2Enthalpy value of h2Since the mass conservation equation is not added in the process, the following can be obtained:
m1=m2=m (1)
m2=ρ2·V (2)
ρ2=1/v2 (3)
from the energy conservation equation:
m1h1+W×3600=m2h2 (4)
the heated steam in the sampling container is superheated steam, and according to the water and steam property table: the following equations can be obtained from the industrial IFC equation of 1967 by the International Commission on formulation:
ν2=V_(P2,T2) (5)
H2=H_(P2,T2) (6)
in the formula, H (P, T) is an enthalpy value calculation function, and V (P, T) is a specific volume calculation function;
the exhaust enthalpy h of the low pressure cylinder can be obtained by combining the above formulas1The expression of (a) is as follows:
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Citations (6)
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JPS55119903A (en) * | 1979-03-07 | 1980-09-16 | Toshiba Corp | Steam turbine protective device |
CN106895977A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-27 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of low pressure (LP) cylinder final stage exhaust enthalpy measurement apparatus and computational methods |
CN108663216A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-16 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of direct measuring method of turbine low pressure cylinder efficiency |
CN111079302A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-28 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司火力发电技术研究院 | Low-pressure cylinder efficiency measuring and calculating system and method |
CN111206967A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-05-29 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Novel system and method for measuring exhaust enthalpy of low-pressure cylinder of steam turbine |
CN111305914A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-06-19 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Nuclear turbine high-pressure cylinder efficiency testing method based on energy balance |
-
2021
- 2021-11-16 CN CN202111357449.XA patent/CN114087033A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55119903A (en) * | 1979-03-07 | 1980-09-16 | Toshiba Corp | Steam turbine protective device |
CN106895977A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-27 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of low pressure (LP) cylinder final stage exhaust enthalpy measurement apparatus and computational methods |
CN108663216A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-10-16 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of direct measuring method of turbine low pressure cylinder efficiency |
CN111079302A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-28 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司火力发电技术研究院 | Low-pressure cylinder efficiency measuring and calculating system and method |
CN111305914A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-06-19 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Nuclear turbine high-pressure cylinder efficiency testing method based on energy balance |
CN111206967A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-05-29 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Novel system and method for measuring exhaust enthalpy of low-pressure cylinder of steam turbine |
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