CN114086996B - Hierarchical energy-absorbing self-starting anti-impact device and method - Google Patents
Hierarchical energy-absorbing self-starting anti-impact device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114086996B CN114086996B CN202111356617.3A CN202111356617A CN114086996B CN 114086996 B CN114086996 B CN 114086996B CN 202111356617 A CN202111356617 A CN 202111356617A CN 114086996 B CN114086996 B CN 114086996B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/14—Telescopic props
- E21D15/44—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/14—Telescopic props
- E21D15/44—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props
- E21D15/445—Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props comprising a fluid cushion
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/14—Telescopic props
- E21D15/46—Telescopic props with load-measuring devices; with alarm devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/50—Component parts or details of props
- E21D15/51—Component parts or details of props specially adapted to hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic props, e.g. arrangements of relief valves
- E21D15/515—Particular fluids not covered by any chemical subdivision
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision device and method. The cylinder body comprises an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the piston is installed in the cylinder body, the top of the piston is connected with a reset spring, and a stress sensor is installed on the reset spring. The lower cavity is provided with an inner cylinder, magnetorheological fluid is filled in the inner cylinder, the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of one-way valves, the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a square column energy absorbing component, and the periphery of the inner cylinder is provided with a coil. When the cylinder body and the reset spring are subjected to impact load, the stress sensor sends the monitored pressure value to the upper computer, the upper computer regulates and controls the external circuit to supply power to the coil according to the pressure value, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid is changed under the action of an electromagnetic field, and the lower end of the piston impacts the magnetorheological fluid to consume energy. The invention not only strives for time for the large-flow safety valve oil in the support system to be transferred to the valve core and the valve core to overcome the action of the spring, but also improves the damping coefficient of the support system to improve the support rigidity and reduce the vibration frequency under the impact load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mine safety and underground space support, in particular to a grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-flushing device and method.
Background
In recent years, shallow coal resources in China are increasingly reduced, and coal mining is gradually changed from a shallow coal seam to a deep coal seam. The deep coal seam is influenced by 'three-high-one disturbance', the geological environment condition of the tunnel is extremely complex, the risk of the tunnel facing rock burst is increased, and the safe and efficient production of the coal mine is severely restricted. In order to solve the problems, the mine roadway hydraulic support is provided with the large-flow safety valve, but on one hand, the impact load is short in acting time and the starting time of the safety valve is long, on the other hand, the rigidity of the hydraulic spring and the mass of the piston rod are high, so that the damping coefficient is low, the vibration frequency is high under the action of the impact load, the vibration period is far faster than the opening characteristic of the safety valve, the large-flow safety valve cannot be opened in time, the impact energy cannot be unloaded in time, the hydraulic support is unstable and deformed, and the safety accident is caused. In addition, with the development of the economic society in China, the foundation construction force is increased year by year, underground projects such as mountain tunnels, diversion tunnels, rail transit and the like have the problem of frequent rock burst, and the development of energy-absorbing and impact-preventing devices for protecting the underground projects is also needed to be urgently needed for underground projects such as mountain tunnels, rail transit and the like, similar to mine tunnel supports.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision device and method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose of the invention is that the grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision device comprises a cylinder body and a piston.
The lower end of the cylinder body is closed, and the upper end of the cylinder body is open.
The inside of cylinder body is including the last cavity and the lower cavity of intercommunication each other, goes up the cavity and the lower cavity is cylindric cavity and the diameter of last cavity is less than the diameter of lower cavity, and the upper end of going up the cavity link up the upper surface of cylinder body, and the lower extreme of going up the cavity is provided with the binding off, and the rubber circle is installed to binding off department.
The upper end and the lower end of the piston are respectively arranged in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, the upper end and the lower end of the piston are respectively provided with annular flanges, the annular flanges at the upper end are sleeved with annular rubber materials, and the annular rubber materials are in contact with the inner wall of the upper cavity.
And a reset spring is arranged at the top of the piston, and a stress sensor is arranged on the reset spring.
An inner cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity, an opening for the lower end of the piston to extend in is arranged at the upper end of the inner cylinder, a rubber ring is arranged at the opening, and an annular flange at the lower end of the piston is positioned in the inner cylinder.
The inner cylinder is provided with magnetorheological fluid, a plurality of one-way valves I and a plurality of one-way valves II for the magnetorheological fluid to circulate are arranged on the side wall of the inner cylinder, which is close to the bottom of the inner cylinder, and the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a square column energy absorbing component.
The periphery of the inner cylinder is provided with a coil which is fixed on the inner wall of the lower cavity.
When the cylinder body and the reset spring are subjected to impact load, the stress sensor sends the monitored pressure value to the upper computer, the upper computer guides the external circuit to supply power to the coil according to the pressure value, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid is changed under the action of an electromagnetic field, and the lower end of the piston impacts the magnetorheological fluid to consume energy.
Further, the square column energy-absorbing component is of a honeycomb structure, a single cell body of the honeycomb structure is a square column, and the square column energy-absorbing component is made of stainless steel.
Further, the outer wall of the piston is tightly contacted with a rubber ring at the opening of the upper end of the inner cylinder.
A grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision method based on the device comprises the following steps:
1) The grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision device is assembled.
2) The device is subjected to impact test, and when the magnetorheological fluid reaches the set hardness, the corresponding impact load is recorded as sigma 1 . When the square column energy absorbing component is plastically deformed, the corresponding impact load is recorded as sigma 2 . Wherein, micro-impact sigma is defined to be less than 0.3 sigma 1 Weak impact 0.3 sigma 1 ＜σ＜σ 1 Medium impact sigma 1 ＜σ＜σ 2 Strong impact sigma > sigma 2 。
3) The device is installed into a support structure. Wherein, reset spring's upper end is connected with supporting construction.
4) When the device suffers from micro impact, the coil is electrified, the magnetorheological fluid is in a flowing state, the lower end of the piston extrudes the magnetorheological fluid, and the magnetorheological fluid is discharged out of the inner cylinder through the plurality of one-way valves I to be decompressed.
5) When the device suffers from weak impact, the current fed into the coil is increased, the damping coefficient of magnetorheological fluid in a flowing state is increased, the vibration frequency is reduced, fatigue damage caused by repeated weak impact is prevented, and the magnetorheological fluid is discharged out of the inner cylinder for pressure relief.
6) When the device is subjected to moderate impact, the current of the coil stiffens the magnetorheological fluid, and the solid magnetorheological fluid and the square column energy absorbing member jointly resist the impact.
7) When the device is subjected to strong impact, the magnetorheological fluid is hardened by the current of the coil, the solid magnetorheological fluid and the square column energy-absorbing member resist the impact together, and the square column energy-absorbing member is pressed tightly gradually to absorb energy.
8) And replacing the buckling deformation square column energy-absorbing component.
Further, in the steps 3) and 4), after the impact disappears, the return spring pulls the piston to move upwards, negative pressure is generated in the inner cylinder, and magnetorheological fluid outside the inner cylinder flows into the inner cylinder through the plurality of one-way valves II.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the filled magnetorheological fluid is a novel intelligent material, and the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid can be gradually enhanced along with the increase of a magnetic field; according to the characteristic, the hierarchical control of the impact with different degrees is realized;
2. after the impact load disappears, if the square energy-absorbing component does not generate plastic deformation, the anti-impact device can be reused; secondly, when the impact load is smaller, the characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid can effectively relieve fatigue damage, slow down the decline of supporting resistance, and compared with the traditional anti-impact device, the service life of the anti-impact device is obviously prolonged.
3. The anti-collision device can absorb and unload part of impact energy, and when the impact load is smaller, the opening times of a safety valve in the support system can be reduced, and the maintenance cost of the whole support system is reduced; when the impact load is large, energy can be absorbed in time to give way, and enough time is striven for opening the high-flow safety valve in the support system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hierarchical energy-absorbing self-priming anti-collision device of the present invention.
In the figure: the cylinder body 1, the piston 2, the upper cavity 3, the coil 4, the lower cavity 5, the inner cylinder 6, the magnetorheological fluid 7, the square column energy absorbing component 8, the one-way valve I9, the one-way valve II 10 and the return spring 11.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations are made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art without departing from the technical spirit of the invention, and all such substitutions and alterations are intended to be included in the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision device which is applied to a hydraulic support of a mine roadway and comprises a cylinder body 1 and a piston 2, wherein the cylinder body 1 and the piston 2 are arranged between a hydraulic support base and a hydraulic support.
The lower end of the cylinder body 1 is closed and connected with the bracket base, and the upper end of the cylinder body is open and connected with the hydraulic prop.
The inside of cylinder body 1 includes the last cavity 3 and the lower cavity 5 of intercommunication each other, goes up cavity 3 and lower cavity 5 and is cylindric cavity and the diameter of last cavity 3 is less than the diameter of lower cavity 5, and the upper end of last cavity 3 link up the upper surface of cylinder body 1. The lower extreme of last cavity 3 is provided with the binding off, and the binding off department installs the rubber circle.
The upper and lower ends of the piston 2 are respectively arranged in the upper cavity 3 and the lower cavity 5, the upper and lower ends of the piston 2 are respectively provided with annular flanges, the annular flanges at the upper end are sleeved with annular rubber materials, and the annular rubber materials are in contact with the inner wall of the upper cavity 3.
A return spring 11 is connected between the top of the piston 2 and the hydraulic prop, and a stress sensor is arranged on the return spring 11.
The bottom of lower cavity 5 installs interior jar 6, and the upper end of interior jar 6 is equipped with the opening that supplies piston 2 lower extreme to stretch into, and the rubber circle is installed to this opening, and the annular flange of piston 2 lower extreme is located interior jar 6, and the outer wall of piston 2 and the rubber circle in the upper end opening part of interior jar 6 in close contact with, rubber circle and annular rubber material can effectively reduce the wearing and tearing that piston 2 and cylinder body 1 cylinder wall friction caused.
The inner cylinder 6 is provided with magnetorheological fluid 7, the side wall of the inner cylinder 6 close to the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of one-way valves I9 and a plurality of one-way valves II 10 for the magnetorheological fluid 7 to circulate, and the bottom of the inner cylinder 6 is provided with a square column energy absorbing member 8. The check valve i 9 allows only the magnetorheological fluid to flow from the inside of the inner cylinder 6 to the outside of the inner cylinder 6, and the check valve ii 10 allows only the magnetorheological fluid to flow from the outside of the inner cylinder 6 to the inside of the inner cylinder 6.
The square column energy-absorbing member 8 is of a honeycomb structure, a single cell body of the honeycomb structure is a square column, and the square column energy-absorbing member 8 is made of stainless steel.
In an initial state, the top of the piston 2 is flush with the top of the cylinder body 1, the lower end of the piston 2 stretches into the inner cylinder 6 and has a gap with the liquid level of the magnetorheological fluid 7, the volume of the magnetorheological fluid 7 is four fifths of the volume of the inner cylinder 6, and the upper surface of the square column energy absorbing member 8 is positioned below the liquid level of the magnetorheological fluid 7.
The periphery of the inner cylinder 6 is provided with a coil 4, the coil 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the lower cavity 5, and the coil 4 is communicated with an external circuit.
When the cylinder body 1 and the reset spring 11 are subjected to impact load, the stress sensor sends the monitored pressure value to the upper computer, the upper computer guides the external circuit to supply power to the coil 4 according to the pressure value, the power supply parameters are determined according to the pressure value, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid 7 is changed under the action of an electromagnetic field, and the lower end of the piston 2 impacts the magnetorheological fluid 7 to consume energy.
Before formally put into use, an impact test is required to be carried out on the device, and when the magnetorheological fluid 7 reaches the set hardness, the impact load is recorded as sigma 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the square column energy absorbing member 8 is plastically deformed, the impact load is recorded as sigma 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Classifying and quantifying impact strength, and defining micro impact sigma less than 0.3 sigma 1 Weak impact 0.3 sigma 1 ＜σ＜σ 1 Medium impact sigma 1 ＜σ＜σ 2 Strong impact sigma > sigma 2 。
When the piston 2 is subjected to impact load, the piston moves downwards, and at the same time, the stress sensor stress control coil 4 is electrified, so that the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid 7 in the lower cavity 5 is enhanced.
When the micro-impact is applied, the stress sensor is smaller in stress, at the moment, the current fed into the circuit is smaller, the magnetic field formed by the lower cavity 5 is weaker, the magneto-rheological liquid damping coefficient is improved slightly, at the moment, the lower end of the piston 2 is immersed into the magneto-rheological liquid 7, so that the liquid in the inner cylinder 6 is discharged to the outside of the inner cylinder 6;
when the piston 2 is subjected to weak impact, the stress of the stress sensor is further increased, the current introduced into the whole coil 4 is increased, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid 7 is further increased, the supporting rigidity is improved, the vibration frequency under the impact load is reduced, the fatigue damage caused by repeated small impact load can be effectively reduced, and the supporting performance of the hydraulic support is improved.
When the hydraulic support is impacted with medium strength, the control circuit of the stress sensor makes the magnetorheological fluid harden, and meanwhile, the square column energy-absorbing member 8 flexes, absorbs energy and gives way, so that higher platform stress can be ensured, the impact resistance of the hydraulic support is met, the process can absorb larger energy, and the opening times of the large-flow safety valve are reduced.
When strong impact is applied, the magnetorheological fluid 7 is hardened, and the vibration period is increased; meanwhile, the square column energy absorbing member 8 at the bottom of the inner cylinder 6 is gradually compacted, the energy absorption is rapidly increased, part of energy at the initial stage of rock burst is fully absorbed, the hydraulic support is prevented from being integrally damaged when the impact load is further increased, and time is striven for starting the high-flow safety valve.
When the impact load disappears, the return spring 11 works to drive the piston 2 to return to the initial position, the circuit is powered off, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid 7 is reduced, the fluidity is increased, meanwhile, the one-way valve is opened, the piston 2 rises to generate negative pressure in the inner cylinder 6, so that the magnetorheological fluid 7 flows into the inner cylinder 6 from the outside, and returns to the initial state.
In summary, the device according to the present embodiment has the following advantages:
1. the anti-flushing device carries out grading control on rock burst of different degrees through triple protection of liquid discharge abdication, magnetorheological fluid enhancement hydraulic support damping coefficient and energy absorption component structure deformation energy absorption abdication.
2. The magnetorheological fluid has the advantages that the magnetic field is increased, and the damping coefficient is enhanced; the magnetic field disappears and the fluidity increases; therefore, the magnetorheological fluid can absorb part of impact energy in two different modes of draining liquid and yielding and enhancing the damping coefficient of the hydraulic support under different impact loads; in addition, the magnetorheological fluid has the characteristics of effectively reducing fatigue damage caused by repeated small impact load, slowing down the reduction of the supporting resistance of the hydraulic support, and prolonging the service life obviously compared with the traditional anti-impact device.
3. The anti-collision device can absorb and unload part of impact energy, and when the impact load is smaller, the opening times of the safety valve can be reduced, and the maintenance cost of the whole hydraulic support is reduced; when the impact load is large, energy can be absorbed in time to give way, enough time is striven for the opening of the high-flow safety valve, and the supporting stability of the mine tunnel and the underground space is improved.
4. After the impact load disappears, if the square energy-absorbing component does not generate plastic deformation, the impact-preventing device can be reused for a plurality of times.
5. The impact strength of the impact load is quantized in a grading manner, so that the impact protection device is beneficial to graded control of different impact loads.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision method, which is based on the device described in the embodiment 1 and comprises the following steps:
1) The grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision device is assembled.
2) The device is subjected to impact test, and when the magnetorheological fluid 7 reaches the set hardness, the corresponding impact load is recorded as sigma 1 . When the square column energy absorbing member 8 is plastically deformed, the corresponding impact load is denoted as sigma 2 . Which is a kind ofIn which micro-impact sigma < 0.3 sigma is defined 1 Weak impact 0.3 sigma 1 ＜σ＜σ 1 Medium impact sigma 1 ＜σ＜σ 2 Strong impact sigma > sigma 2 。
3) The device is installed into a support structure. Wherein the upper end of the return spring 11 is connected with the supporting structure. After the impact disappears, the return spring 11 pulls the piston 2 to move upwards, negative pressure is generated in the inner cylinder 6, and magnetorheological fluid 7 outside the inner cylinder 6 flows into the inner cylinder 6 through the plurality of one-way valves II 10.
4) When the device suffers from micro impact, the coil 4 is fed with smaller current, the generated magnetic field is smaller, the magnetorheological fluid 7 is stronger in fluidity and is in a flowing state, the lower end of the piston 2 extrudes the magnetorheological fluid 7, and the magnetorheological fluid 7 is discharged out of the inner cylinder 6 through the plurality of one-way valves I9 to be decompressed. After the impact disappears, the return spring 11 pulls the piston 2 to move upwards, negative pressure is generated in the inner cylinder 6, and magnetorheological fluid 7 outside the inner cylinder 6 flows into the inner cylinder 6 through the plurality of one-way valves II 10.
5) When the device suffers from weak impact, the current fed into the coil 4 is increased, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid 7 in a flowing state is increased, the vibration frequency is reduced, fatigue damage caused by repeated weak impact is prevented, and the magnetorheological fluid 7 is discharged out of the inner cylinder 6 for pressure relief. The vibration frequency of the magnetorheological fluid 7 is reduced due to the increase of the damping coefficient, so that fatigue damage caused by repeated small impact loads can be effectively reduced.
6) When the device is subjected to a moderate impact, the current of the coil 4 stiffens the magnetorheological fluid 7, and the solid magnetorheological fluid 7 and the square column energy absorbing member 8 cooperate to resist the impact. After the magnetorheological fluid 7 is hardened, the supporting rigidity is increased, the vibration period is increased, the square column energy-absorbing member 8 starts to buckle and give way, higher platform stress is maintained, and time is striven for opening the high-flow safety valve in the supporting system.
7) When the device is subjected to strong impact, the magnetorheological fluid 7 is hardened by the current of the coil 4, the solid magnetorheological fluid 7 and the square column energy-absorbing member 8 resist the impact together, and the square column energy-absorbing member 8 gradually compacts and absorbs energy. The square column energy absorbing member 8 fully absorbs part of the energy at the initial stage of rock burst, prevents the whole supporting system from being damaged integrally when the impact load is further increased, and strives for time for starting a high-flow safety valve in the supporting system.
8) And replacing the buckling deformation square column energy absorbing member 8.
The characteristic that the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid can be gradually enhanced along with the increase of the magnetic field is utilized by the novel intelligent material of the magnetorheological fluid, so that the impact of different degrees is controlled in a grading mode.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision device which is applied to tunnel support and comprises a cylinder body 1 and a piston 2 which are arranged between an anchor rod backing plate and an anchor rod nut.
The lower end of the cylinder body 1 is closed and connected with an anchor rod backing plate, and the upper end of the cylinder body is open and connected with an anchor rod nut.
The inside of cylinder body 1 includes cavity 3 and lower cavity 5 that communicate each other, goes up cavity 3 and lower cavity 5 and is cylindric cavity and the diameter of last cavity 3 is less than the diameter of lower cavity 5, and the upper end of going up cavity 3 link up the upper surface of cylinder body 1, and the lower extreme of going up cavity 3 is provided with the binding off, closes up the department and installs the rubber circle.
The upper and lower ends of the piston 2 are respectively arranged in the upper cavity 3 and the lower cavity 5, the upper and lower ends of the piston 2 are respectively provided with annular flanges, the annular flanges at the upper end are sleeved with annular rubber materials, and the annular rubber materials are in contact with the inner wall of the upper cavity 3.
A return spring 11 is connected between the top of the piston 2 and the hydraulic prop, and a stress sensor is arranged on the return spring 11.
An inner cylinder 6 is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity 5, an opening into which the lower end of the piston 2 stretches is arranged at the upper end of the inner cylinder 6, a rubber ring is arranged at the opening, and an annular flange at the lower end of the piston 2 is positioned in the inner cylinder 6.
The inner cylinder 6 is provided with magnetorheological fluid 7, the side wall of the inner cylinder 6 close to the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of one-way valves I9 and a plurality of one-way valves II 10 for the magnetorheological fluid 7 to circulate, and the bottom of the inner cylinder 6 is provided with a square column energy absorbing member 8.
The periphery of the inner cylinder 6 is provided with a coil 4, and the coil 4 is fixed on the inner wall of the lower cavity 5.
When the cylinder body 1 and the reset spring 11 are subjected to impact load, the stress sensor sends the monitored pressure value to the upper computer, the upper computer guides the external circuit to supply power to the coil 4 according to the pressure value, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid 7 is changed under the action of an electromagnetic field, and the lower end of the piston 2 impacts into the magnetorheological fluid 7 to consume energy.
Example 4:
the main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3, and further, the square pillar energy absorbing member 8 is a honeycomb structure, the single cell body of the honeycomb structure is a square pillar, and the material of the square pillar energy absorbing member 8 is stainless steel.
Example 5:
the main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3, and further, the outer wall of the piston 2 is tightly contacted with the rubber ring at the opening of the upper end of the inner cylinder 6.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a hierarchical energy-absorbing is from opening scour protection device which characterized in that: comprises a cylinder body (1) and a piston (2);
the lower end of the cylinder body (1) is closed, and the upper end is open;
the inside of the cylinder body (1) comprises an upper cavity (3) and a lower cavity (5) which are communicated with each other, the upper cavity (3) and the lower cavity (5) are cylindrical cavities, the diameter of the upper cavity (3) is smaller than that of the lower cavity (5), the upper end of the upper cavity (3) penetrates through the upper surface of the cylinder body (1), a closing-in is arranged at the lower end of the upper cavity (3), and a rubber ring is arranged at the closing-in position;
the upper end and the lower end of the piston (2) are respectively arranged in the upper cavity (3) and the lower cavity (5), the upper end and the lower end of the piston (2) are respectively provided with annular flanges, the annular flanges at the upper end are sleeved with annular rubber materials, and the annular rubber materials are in contact with the inner wall of the upper cavity (3);
a reset spring (11) is arranged at the top of the piston (2), and a stress sensor is arranged on the reset spring (11);
an inner cylinder (6) is arranged at the bottom of the lower cavity (5), an opening into which the lower end of the piston (2) extends is formed in the upper end of the inner cylinder (6), a rubber ring is arranged in the opening, and an annular flange at the lower end of the piston (2) is positioned in the inner cylinder (6);
the inner cylinder (6) is provided with magnetorheological fluid (7), a plurality of one-way valves I (9) and a plurality of one-way valves II (10) for the magnetorheological fluid (7) to circulate are arranged on the side wall of the inner cylinder (6) close to the bottom of the inner cylinder, and a square column energy absorbing component (8) is arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder (6);
the periphery of the inner cylinder (6) is provided with a coil (4), and the coil (4) is fixed on the inner wall of the lower cavity (5);
when the cylinder body (1) and the reset spring (11) are subjected to impact load, the stress sensor sends the monitored pressure value to the upper computer, the upper computer guides the external circuit to supply power to the coil (4) according to the pressure value, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid (7) is changed under the action of an electromagnetic field, and the lower end of the piston (2) impacts the magnetorheological fluid (7) to consume energy.
2. The hierarchical energy-absorbing self-priming and anti-collision device according to claim 1, wherein: the square column energy-absorbing component (8) is of a honeycomb structure, a single cell body of the honeycomb structure is a square column, and the square column energy-absorbing component (8) is made of stainless steel.
3. The hierarchical energy-absorbing self-priming and anti-collision device according to claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the piston (2) is tightly contacted with a rubber ring at the opening of the upper end of the inner cylinder (6).
4. A hierarchical energy-absorbing self-priming anti-collision method based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Assembling the grading energy-absorbing self-starting anti-collision device;
2) The device is subjected to impact test, when the magnetorheological fluid (7) reaches the set hardness, the corresponding impact load is recorded as sigma 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the square column energy absorbing component (8) is plastically deformed, the corresponding impact load is marked as sigma 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, micro-impact sigma is defined to be less than 0.3 sigma 1 Weak impact 0.3 sigma 1 ＜σ＜σ 1 Medium impact sigma 1 ＜σ＜σ 2 Strong impact sigma > sigma 2 ；
3) Mounting the device into a support structure; the upper end of the return spring (11) is connected with the supporting structure;
4) When the device suffers from micro impact, the coil (4) is electrified, the magnetorheological fluid (7) is in a flowing state, the lower end of the piston (2) extrudes the magnetorheological fluid (7), and the magnetorheological fluid (7) is discharged out of the inner cylinder (6) through the plurality of one-way valves I (9) to be decompressed;
5) When the device suffers from weak impact, the current fed into the coil (4) is increased, the damping coefficient of the magnetorheological fluid (7) in a flowing state is increased, the vibration frequency is reduced, fatigue damage caused by multiple weak impact is prevented, and the magnetorheological fluid (7) is discharged out of the inner cylinder (6) for pressure relief;
6) When the device is subjected to medium impact, the magnetorheological fluid (7) is hardened by the current of the coil (4), and the solid magnetorheological fluid (7) and the square column energy absorbing member (8) resist the impact together;
7) When the device is subjected to strong impact, the magnetorheological fluid (7) is hardened by the current of the coil (4), the solid magnetorheological fluid (7) and the square column energy-absorbing member (8) resist the impact together, and the square column energy-absorbing member (8) is compacted and absorbs energy gradually;
8) And replacing the buckling deformation square column energy absorbing member (8).
5. The hierarchical energy-absorbing self-priming and anti-collision method according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the steps 3) and 4), after the impact disappears, the return spring (11) pulls the piston (2) to move upwards, negative pressure is generated in the inner cylinder (6), and magnetorheological fluid (7) outside the inner cylinder (6) flows into the inner cylinder (6) through the plurality of one-way valves II (10).
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