CN114086044A - Light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention relates to a light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material and a processing method thereof, which mainly comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.1-3.5% of Cu, 1.7-2.3% of Li, 0.3-0.6% of Mg, 0-0.35% of Ag, 0.2-0.6% of Zn, 0.08-0.15% of Zr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li is not less than 1.45, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is not less than 0.9%; after the alloy ingot is subjected to hot extrusion at 400-460 ℃, shape correction, solid solution at 525-550 ℃, pre-stretching and artificial aging at 145-165 ℃, an extruded material with high strength, low density and high elastic modulus comprehensive performance is obtained, and the alloy ingot is suitable for rod members for aerospace aircrafts, such as longitudinal girders, floor beams and other support members.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to a light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material and a processing method thereof.
Background
Weight reduction of aerospace vehicles is an important research area, and the use of low-density materials is the most effective weight reduction method, so that low-density aluminum lithium alloys have been receiving great attention in the field of material research and the field of aerospace equipment manufacturing. For every 1wt.% increase in lithium, the alloy density decreases by about 3%, while the density will decrease by 4-5% compared to conventional 2xxx and 7xxx alloys. The lithium content of two alloys 2090 and 2091 registered by the American aluminum industry Association reaches more than 2 percent, the density is reduced to 2.58g/cm3, however, the anisotropy of the alloy is serious, the plasticity and the fracture toughness are low, and the wide application is seriously influenced. 2196. 2296, 2099, and 2199 alloys design the lithium content below 2wt.%, maintaining the advantages of lower density and higher elastic modulus, and have found applications in aircraft.
Through literature search of the prior art, the current advanced aluminum lithium alloy generally adopts a design idea of high Cu/Li ratio, wherein the lithium content is designed to be below 2.0wt.% so as to reduce the adverse delta' phase to anisotropy. However, the design makes the alloy density relatively high, and is not beneficial to improving the elastic modulus of the alloy. For example, patent CN202110412605.1 discloses a high-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the alloy components are Li: 0.7-1.2%, Cu: 3.5-4.0%, Zn: 0.1-0.5%, Mg: 0.5-1.0%, Ag: 0.2-0.5%, Mn: 0.1-0.3%, Zr: 0.1-0.2%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.08%, Si is less than or equal to 0.08%, and the balance is Al, so that the content of the alloy lithium is low, and the space for exerting low density is small. The patent CN101967589 discloses a medium-strength high-toughness aluminum-lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof, the alloy comprises 2.2-3.2% of Cu2, 1.1-2.0% of Li1, 0.1-0.7% of Mn0.05-1.0% of Zn0, 0.05-0.16% of Zr0.05, 0.1-0.8% of Mg0.2-0.6% of Ag0.1%, less than or equal to 0.1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.1% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.12% of Ti and the balance of Al, the purpose of high fracture toughness is achieved, but the strength needs to be further improved.
In order to further improve the comprehensive performance of the component for the aerospace craft, alloy materials with specific properties suitable for working conditions need to be developed according to the stress characteristics of the structural component, for example, for fuselage stringers, wing stringers, seat tracks, floor beams and other supporting components of an aircraft, the density needs to be further reduced, the rigidity needs to be improved, and high strength and good fatigue performance need to be maintained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material and a processing method thereof, which have the characteristics of low density, high rigidity and high strength and are suitable for aerospace vehicle structural members with higher performance requirements.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 3.1-3.5% of Cu, 1.7-2.3% of Li, 0.3-0.6% of Mg, 0-0.35% of Ag, 0.2-0.6% of Zn, 0.08-0.15% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable single impurity elements, less than 0.15% of total amount of impurity elements and the balance of Al; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li is not less than 1.45, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is not less than 0.9%.
Further, the alloy extrusion material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2-3.5% of Cu, 1.8-2.3% of Li, 0.3-0.5% of Mg, 0-0.3% of Ag, 0.3-0.6% of Zn, 0.08-0.15% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable single impurity elements, less than 0.15% of total amount of impurity elements and the balance of Al; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li is not less than 1.5, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is not less than 1.0%.
The processing method of the alloy extruded material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization treatment to obtain an extruded material, wherein the ingot heating temperature T1 is 400-460 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 20-80, and the wall thickness of the extruded material is 1.6-25 mm;
(2) performing solution treatment on the extruded material obtained in the step (1), wherein the solution temperature is 525-550 ℃, and cooling to room temperature after heat preservation;
(3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the extruded material obtained in the step (2) within 2 h;
(4) and (4) starting artificial aging of the extruded material obtained in the step (3) within 48h, wherein the aging temperature is 145-165 ℃, and the aging time is 24-48 h.
Further, in the step (1), the temperature T2 of the extrusion barrel adopted in the hot extrusion process is 10-20 ℃ lower than that of T1, and the temperature T3 of the extrusion die is 10-25 ℃ lower than that of T1.
Further, in the step (2), the extruded material is cooled from the solid solution temperature to room temperature within 10 seconds.
Further, in the step (3), the pre-stretching total deformation amount of the extruded material is 2.5-3.5%.
Further, in the step (4), pre-aging of 100-130 ℃ for/3-15 h can be performed on the extruded material before artificial aging.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that the light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material has good hot extrusion forming performance, can obtain the characteristics of low density, high strength and high elastic modulus performance through the regulation and control of alloy components and processing technology, and the density of the extrusion material can reach 2.59g/cm3The elastic modulus can reach more than 77GPa, the tensile strength can reach more than 610MPa, and the plastic property is good. The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy is suitable for aerospace craft structural members with comprehensive performance requirements on high strength, low density and high rigidity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of an ingot in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic microstructure of an extrudate of example 5 of the present invention after solid solution;
FIG. 3 shows the morphology of precipitated phases of the extruded material after aging in example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic microstructure of an extruded material in comparative example 3 of the present invention after solid solution;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the room temperature elongation of the extrudate of examples 6 and 7 of the present invention and comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.1-3.5% of Cu, 1.7-2.3% of Li, 0.3-0.6% of Mg, 0-0.35% of Ag, 0.2-0.6% of Zn, 0.08-0.15% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable single impurity elements, less than 0.15% of total amount of impurity elements and the balance of Al; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is not less than 1.45, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is not less than 0.9%;
preferably, the alloy extrusion material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2-3.5% of Cu, 1.8-2.3% of Li, 0.3-0.5% of Mg, 0-0.3% of Ag, 0.3-0.6% of Zn, 0.08-0.15% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable single impurity elements, less than 0.15% of total amount of impurity elements and the balance of Al; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is not less than 1.5, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is not less than 1.0%.
The processing method of the light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots of the components after homogenization treatment to obtain an extruded material, wherein the ingot heating temperature is T1= 400-460 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is T2= T1- (10-20 ℃), the extrusion die temperature is T3= T1- (10-25 ℃), the extrusion coefficient is 20-80, and the wall thickness of the extruded material is 1.6-25 mm; (2) carrying out solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solution temperature is 525-550 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation; (3) pre-stretching deformation with the total stretching amount of 2.5-3.5% is carried out within 2 hours after the temperature of the extruded material is reduced to the room temperature from the solid solution temperature; (4) the method comprises the steps that manual aging is carried out on an extruded material obtained through pre-stretching within 48 hours, the aging temperature is 145-165 ℃, the aging time is 24-48 hours, and pre-aging of 100-130 ℃, 3-15 hours can be carried out on the extruded material before the manual aging.
The principle followed by the above embodiments is: the invention follows the law of influence of three aspects of multi-microalloying, various precipitated phases and content proportion thereof and grain shape control on comprehensive performance. Three innovative measures are taken: (1) the Li content is designed to ensure that the alloy has the characteristics of low density and high elastic modulus, the forming performance of the material is improved through hot extrusion, and simultaneously, the reasonable extrusion process control forms a grain structure morphology which is beneficial to improving the comprehensive performance of the extruded material; (2) the Cu/Li ratio is designed to optimize the T1 and delta' phase content in a certain proportion range, so that the alloy has the characteristics of high strength and good elongation. (3) The cost is reduced by reducing the content of the noble metal element Ag as much as possible, and the negative effects brought by the reduction of the Ag element are reduced by comprehensively using other elements for optimizing the proportioning, pre-stretching optimization and artificial aging, so that the Ag alloy also achieves excellent comprehensive performance.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The following examples and comparative examples are only illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5% of Cu, 2.3% of Li, 0.45% of Mg, 0.2% of Ag, 0.4% of Zn, 0.12% of Zr, 0.08% of Si, 0.1% of Fe, 0.05% of Ti and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.52, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 1.05 percent; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment to obtain an extruded material, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 420 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 410 ℃, the mold temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 25, and the wall thickness of the extruded material is 7 mm; carrying out solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solution temperature is 550 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 1 h; pre-stretching the extruded material with the total stretching amount of 2.5 percent within 2 hours after the temperature of the solid solution is reduced to the room temperature; the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out artificial pre-aging on an extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 130 ℃, the aging time is 6h, and then carrying out artificial aging, wherein the aging temperature is 145 ℃, and the aging time is 48 h. The microstructure of the ingot in this example is shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.1% of Cu, 1.7% of Li, 0.45% of Mg, 0.35% of Ag, 0.4% of Zn, 0.12% of Zr, 0.07% of Si, 0.09% of Fe, 0.06% of Ti and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.82, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 1.2%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 420 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 410 ℃, the mold temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 25, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 7 mm; carrying out solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solution temperature is 525 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 1 h; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.5 percent within 2 hours after the temperature of the extruded material is reduced to room temperature from the solid solution temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial pre-aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 110 ℃ and the aging time is 12h, and then carrying out artificial aging, wherein the aging temperature is 165 ℃ and the aging time is 24 h.
Example 3
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.3% of Cu, 2.0% of Li, 0.6% of Mg, 0.6% of Zn, 0.12% of Zr, 0.06% of Si, 0.07% of Fe, 0.06% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.65, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 1.2%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 390 ℃, the mold temperature is 390 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 40, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 3.5 mm; carrying out solid solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 40 min; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.0 percent within 2 hours after the temperature of the extruded material is reduced to room temperature from the solid solution temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial pre-aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 120 ℃ and the aging time is 6h, and then carrying out artificial aging, wherein the aging temperature is 155 ℃ and the aging time is 35 h.
Example 4
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.3% of Cu, 2.0% of Li, 0.6% of Mg, 0.15% of Ag, 0.2% of Zn, 0.12% of Zr, 0.06% of Si, 0.07% of Fe, 0.06% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.65, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 0.95%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 420 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 400 ℃, the mold temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 40, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 3.5 mm; carrying out solid solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 40 min; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.0 percent within 2 hours after the temperature of the extruded material is reduced to room temperature from the solid solution temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial pre-aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 120 ℃, and the aging time is 8h, and then carrying out artificial aging, wherein the aging temperature is 155 ℃, and the aging time is 35 h.
Example 5
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.3% of Cu, 2.1% of Li, 0.3% of Mg, 0.35% of Ag, 0.6% of Zn, 0.12% of Zr, 0.07% of Si, 0.09% of Fe0, 0.06% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.57, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 1.25%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 460 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 440 ℃, the mold temperature is 440 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 40, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 3.5 mm; carrying out solid solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 40 min; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.0 percent within 2 hours after the temperature of the extruded material is reduced to room temperature from the solid solution temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial pre-aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 120 ℃, and the aging time is 12h, and then carrying out artificial aging, wherein the aging temperature is 155 ℃, and the aging time is 35 h. In the present example, the metallographic microstructure of the extrudate after solid solution was shown in FIG. 2.
Example 6
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.3% of Cu, 2.0% of Li, 0.35% of Mg, 0.2% of Ag, 0.4% of Zn, 0.12% of Zr, 0.06% of Si, 0.09% of Fe0, 0.06% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.65, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 0.95%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 390 ℃, the mold temperature is 390 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 25, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 7 mm; carrying out solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solution temperature is 550 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 1 h; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.0 percent within 2 hours after the temperature of the extruded material is reduced to room temperature from the solid solution temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 155 ℃, and the aging time is 42 h.
Example 7
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.4% of Cu, 2.2% of Li, 0.5% of Mg, 0.1% of Ag, 0.5% of Zn, 0.1% of Zr, 0.06% of Si, 0.08% of Fe0, 0.05% of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.54, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 1.1%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 420 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 400 ℃, the mold temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 25, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 7 mm; carrying out solid solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 530 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 1 h; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.2 percent within 2 hours after the temperature of the extruded material is reduced to room temperature from the solid solution temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 150 ℃, and the aging time is 48 h. The morphology of the precipitated phase of the extruded material after aging in this example is shown in FIG. 3.
Example 8
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2 percent of Cu, 1.8 percent of Li, 0.55 percent of Mg, 0.3 percent of Ag, 0.5 percent of Zn, 0.14 percent of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.78, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 1.35%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 460 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 440 ℃, the mold temperature is 440 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 25, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 3.5 mm; carrying out solid solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 535 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 1 h; pre-stretching the extruded material with the total stretching amount of 2.8 percent within 2 hours after the temperature of the solid solution is reduced to the room temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 35 h.
Comparative example 1
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.9 percent of Cu, 2.1 percent of Li, 0.6 percent of Mg, 0.6 percent of Zn, 0.1 percent of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.38, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 1.2%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 390 ℃, the mold temperature is 390 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 25, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 7 mm; carrying out solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solution temperature is 550 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 1 h; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3 percent within 4 hours after the extruded material is subjected to solid solution quenching to room temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 155 ℃, and the aging time is 35 h.
Comparative example 2
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.3 percent of Cu, 1.4 percent of Li, 0.3 percent of Mg, 0.35 percent of Ag, 0.12 percent of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 2.36, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 0.65%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 460 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 440 ℃, the mold temperature is 440 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 40, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 3.5 mm; carrying out solid solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 1 h; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.0 percent within 2 hours after the extruded material is subjected to solid solution quenching to room temperature; and (2) carrying out artificial pre-aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 120 ℃ and the aging time is 12h, and then carrying out artificial aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 155 ℃ and the aging time is 48 h.
Comparative example 3
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.3 percent of Cu, 2.0 percent of Li, 0.45 percent of Mg, 0.2 percent of Ag, 0.4 percent of Zn, 0.12 percent of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.65, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 1.05 percent; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 480 ℃, the extrusion barrel temperature is 460 ℃, the mold temperature is 460 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 25, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 7 mm; carrying out solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solution temperature is 525 ℃, and cooling to room temperature within 10s after heat preservation for 1 h; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.0 percent within 2 hours after the extruded material is subjected to solid solution quenching to room temperature; and (2) carrying out artificial pre-aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 120 ℃ and the aging time is 12h, and then carrying out artificial aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 150 ℃ and the aging time is 48 h. The metallographic microstructure of the extrudate in this comparative example after solid solution was shown in FIG. 4. The room temperature drawing curves of the extrudates in examples 6 and 7 and comparative example 3 are shown in FIG. 5.
Comparative example 4
The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.3 percent of Cu, 2.0 percent of Li, 0.15 percent of Mg, 0.2 percent of Ag, 0.4 percent of Zn, 0.12 percent of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li in the alloy is 1.65, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is 0.75%; carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization heat treatment, wherein the ingot casting temperature is 420 ℃, the extrusion container temperature is 400 ℃, the mold temperature is 400 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 40, and the wall thickness of an extruded material is 3.5 mm; carrying out solid solution treatment on the extruded material, wherein the solid solution temperature is 540 ℃; pre-stretching the extruded material with a total stretching amount of 3.5 percent within 2 hours after the extruded material is subjected to solid solution quenching to room temperature; and (3) carrying out artificial aging on the extruded material, wherein the aging temperature is 165 ℃ and the aging time is 64 h.
The invention combines the component design, the hot extrusion process control and the thermomechanical treatment process design, aims to obtain an extrusion material with the comprehensive performance of low density, high strength and high elastic modulus so as to meet the performance requirements of light weight, high strength and high rigidity of an aerospace aircraft, such as aircraft fuselage stringers, wing stringers, seat tracks, floor beams and other support members, and further reduces the material cost by reducing the content of noble metal element Ag, thereby improving the application and popularization advantages.
Table 1 compares the overall properties of the inventive and comparative alloys. In the embodiment, the density, the strength, the elongation and the elastic modulus of the extruded material are well matched, and the comprehensive performance is good. Comparative example 1 due to the reduction of Cu element and the lack of Ag element, the strong plastic fit was poor although the cost was reduced; in the comparative example 2, the density and rigidity advantages can not be shown after the Li element is reduced, and the strength can not reach the expectation; in comparative example 3, the extrusion temperature exceeds the thermoplastic reasonable interval of the material, which causes coarsening of the structure and simultaneously reduces the strength and the elongation; comparative example 4 has too low a Mg content and the ageing process is not properly selected resulting in a poor property match.
TABLE 1 Properties of the extruded materials of the examples and comparative examples
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that other equivalent modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, and all such modifications can be made as are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The light high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 3.1-3.5% of Cu, 1.7-2.3% of Li, 0.3-0.6% of Mg, 0-0.35% of Ag, 0.2-0.6% of Zn, 0.08-0.15% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable single impurity elements, less than 0.15% of total amount of impurity elements and the balance of Al; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li is not less than 1.45, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is not less than 0.9%.
2. The light-weight high-strength Al-Cu-Li alloy extrusion material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy extrusion material comprises the following components by weight percent: 3.2-3.5% of Cu, 1.8-2.3% of Li, 0.3-0.5% of Mg, 0-0.3% of Ag, 0.3-0.6% of Zn, 0.08-0.15% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.1% of Si, less than or equal to 0.12% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05% of other inevitable single impurity elements, less than 0.15% of total amount of impurity elements and the balance of Al; the weight percentage ratio of Cu to Li is not less than 1.5, and the sum of the weight percentages of Ag, Mg and Zn is not less than 1.0%.
3. A method of processing an alloy extrudate as set forth in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(1) carrying out hot extrusion on the alloy ingots with the components after homogenization treatment to obtain an extruded material, wherein the ingot heating temperature T1 is 400-460 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 20-80, and the wall thickness of the extruded material is 1.6-25 mm;
(2) performing solution treatment on the extruded material obtained in the step (1), wherein the solution temperature is 525-550 ℃, and cooling to room temperature after heat preservation;
(3) performing pre-stretching deformation on the extruded material obtained in the step (2) within 2 h;
(4) and (4) starting artificial aging of the extruded material obtained in the step (3) within 48h, wherein the aging temperature is 145-165 ℃, and the aging time is 24-48 h.
4. The machining method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the temperature T2 of the extrusion barrel adopted in the hot extrusion process is 10-20 ℃ lower than that of T1, and the temperature T3 of the extrusion die is 10-25 ℃ lower than that of T1.
5. The process according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the extruded material is cooled from the solid solution temperature to room temperature within 10 seconds.
6. The process according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the pre-stretching total deformation of the extruded material is 2.5 to 3.5%.
7. The processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that in the step (4), the extruded material is pre-aged at 100 ℃ to 130 ℃ for 3h to 15h before artificial aging.
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