CN114081178B - 一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114081178B CN114081178B CN202111229571.9A CN202111229571A CN114081178B CN 114081178 B CN114081178 B CN 114081178B CN 202111229571 A CN202111229571 A CN 202111229571A CN 114081178 B CN114081178 B CN 114081178B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚及其制备方法与应用。本发明通过将刺梨果渣干粉与正己烷混合振摇，离心后收集残渣，干燥得脱脂刺梨果渣干粉；将脱脂刺梨果渣干粉与乙醇混合，于常温下提取；所得残渣与2～4mol/L NaOH溶液混合，充入保护气体密封后于室温提取1～2h，然后用HCl将溶液pH值调整至2～4得混合溶液，再用乙酸乙酯进行萃取，离心将乙酸乙酯相收集、减压浓缩、冷冻干燥，得到刺梨果渣结合酚提取物。本发明制备的刺梨果渣结合酚提取物纯度高，酚类物质丰富，具有较高的DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力，还可以用于辅助治疗氧化应激相关疾病的健康食品或药物中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健食品领域，具体涉及一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
刺梨(Rosa Roxburghii Tratt)是一种分布在中国西南部海拔为500～2500米的山区的水果作物，尤以贵州盛产。刺梨含有丰富的多糖、抗坏血酸、多酚、超氧化物歧化酶等营养物质，具有悠久的药食两用历史。近年来很多研究证实刺梨具有抗氧化、抗动脉粥样硬化、降血糖、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性，引起了人们的广泛关注。到2020年，贵州刺梨种植面积扩大到200万亩，鲜果及相关产品产量分别达到10万吨和2.62万吨，销售收入超过9亿元。市面上大多数刺梨产品如刺梨汁、刺梨酒、刺梨果干、刺梨果脯等都是以果汁或整个水果为原料制作而成，但实际上刺梨榨汁后产生近50％的果渣。刺梨果渣富含多酚类物质，然而在实际生产加工中，这些果渣大多作为废渣丢弃，造成了极大的资源浪费，因此有必要对刺梨果渣作进一步的研究，实现其高值化利用。
多酚已被证实具有强大的抗氧化活性，对心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、肥胖等具有预防和治疗作用，已广泛应用于食品、保健品、药品及化妆品等领域。刺梨多酚作为刺梨中的重要功能成分之一，近些年来也得到了广泛的研究，但目前所有关于刺梨多酚的研究仅限于游离酚，而多酚在刺梨中有游离态和结合态两种形式，其中结合酚是以与纤维素、蛋白质、木质素等结合的形式存在于植物组织的初生壁和次生壁中，且很多研究表明结合酚的功能活性远高于游离酚；此外，目前对刺梨多酚抗氧化活性的研究也仅限于体外，事实上多酚在体内中生物活性的发挥极大依赖于其生物可及性，而体内介质与体外大不相同；因此，探索从刺梨果渣中提取结合酚的方法及在其体内的抗氧化活性对促进刺梨资源的开发、提高刺梨果渣的附加值具有重要意义。
中国发明专利CN201811057674.X公开了一种刺梨多酚提取物及制备方法和在化妆品中的应用，该专利以乙醇作为溶剂提取制备刺梨多酚(游离酚)，并通过大孔树脂进行纯化，所制得刺梨多酚提取物中多酚含量不低于33％；以小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞为研究对象，说明刺梨多酚提取物对小鼠黑色素瘤B16细胞和酪氨酸酶均有抑制作用。
中国发明专利CN202110021889.1公开了刺梨果渣乙醇提取物(游离酚)的新作用，该专利报道的刺梨果渣乙醇提取物主要含有三萜类物质(蔷薇酸、2-氧代坡模醇酸、Kajiichigoside F1和刺梨酸)和黄酮类物质(槲皮素、儿茶素、二氢杨梅素和芦丁)，能够通过保护结肠黏膜、调节氧化应激通路的Nrf2靶点起到防治结肠炎作用。然而有关刺梨果渣结合酚的提取、物质鉴定、体内外抗氧化活性的研究未见报道。
刺梨果渣来源广泛，其富含的结合酚类化合物活性更高，可以用于口服液、胶囊、片剂、冲剂等保健品中，具有较好的市场应用价值。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于对刺梨果渣中结合酚的提取，并对其物质组成和体内外抗氧化活性进行研究，提供一种安全可靠且具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚及其制备方法与应用。
本发明以刺梨果渣为研究对象，提取富集出一种结合酚，并系统研究其物质组成和体内外抗氧化活性。本发明制备的刺梨果渣结合酚提取物纯度高，酚类物质丰富，与现有的刺梨多酚不同，刺梨果渣结合酚具有很高的氧自由基吸收能力，同时在较低浓度时就能达到与VC相当的DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力，此外，刺梨果渣结合酚还能够显著降低处于百草枯诱导的氧化应激条件下的秀丽隐杆线虫体内的ROS水平，提高线虫体内SOD、CAT抗氧化酶的活性及降低线虫体内的MDA含量，从而提高氧化应激条件下线虫的存活率，可以用于辅助治疗氧化应激相关疾病的健康食品或药物中。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)原料预处理：将刺梨果渣清洗、干燥、粉碎、过筛得刺梨果渣干粉备用；
2)脱脂：将刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:10～1:30g/mL与正己烷混合，在室温下振摇1～2h，离心后收集残渣，干燥得脱脂刺梨果渣干粉；
3)脱除游离酚：将脱脂刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:10～1:20g/mL与乙醇混合，于常温下提取1～3h,离心弃去上清液，残渣重复提取至少2次；
4)提取：将步骤3)所得残渣以料液质量体积比为1:10～1:20g/mL与2～4mol/LNaOH溶液混合，充入保护气体密封后于室温提取1～2h，然后用HCl将溶液pH值调整至2～4得混合溶液，再用乙酸乙酯进行萃取，离心将乙酸乙酯相收集、减压浓缩、冷冻干燥，得到刺梨果渣结合酚提取物。
优选的，步骤1)所述干燥的方式为鼓风干燥且温度低于50℃；所述过筛为过40～60目筛。
优选的，步骤2)所述脱脂的重复次数为4～6次；所述室温为25～30℃；所述离心的条件为4000～6000g，时间为5～15min；所述干燥的方式为鼓风干燥且温度低于50℃。
优选的，步骤3)所述离心的条件为4000～6000g，时间为5～15min；所述常温为25～30℃；所述乙醇为体积浓度70％以上的乙醇。
优选的，步骤4)所述萃取的乙酸乙酯用量为混合溶液体积的1～3倍，所述萃取的次数为4～6次；所述室温为25～30℃。
优选的，步骤4)所述保护气体为氮气；所述离心的条件为4000～6000g，时间为5～15min。
优选的，步骤4)所述减压浓缩的温度为40～50℃；所述冷冻干燥的时间为36～72h。
上述的制备方法制得的具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚。
优选的，所述刺梨果渣结合酚包括没食子酸25.41±0.09μg/mL、鞣花酸39.73±0.18μg/mL、阿魏酸0.77±0.02μg/mL和羟基苯甲酸0.23±0.02μg/mL及儿茶素4.48±0.03μg/mL、表儿茶素5.64±0.05μg/mL、没食子儿茶素5.49±0.07μg/mL、表没食子儿茶素2.74±0.06μg/mL和槲皮素0.52±0.02μg/mL。
上述的具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚作为抗氧化剂应用于食品和药品。
本发明具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚主要由没食子酸、鞣花酸、阿魏酸和羟基苯甲酸等酚酸及儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素和槲皮素等黄酮类物质组成。
所述刺梨果渣结合酚具有优越的氧自由基吸收能力并且能够直接清除DPPH、ABTS自由基；
所述刺梨果渣结合酚能够显著降低处于百草枯诱导的氧化应激条件下的秀丽隐杆线虫体内ROS水平，提高线虫体内SOD、CAT抗氧化酶的活性及降低线虫体内的MDA含量，从而提高氧化应激条件下线虫的存活率。
本发明制得的刺梨果渣结合酚纯度高，在体内外均具有优越的抗氧化活性。所述的刺梨果渣结合酚可作为抗氧化剂应用于相关保健食品的开发。所述的刺梨果渣结合酚可在刺梨结合酚饮料、刺梨结合酚口服液、刺梨结合酚胶囊、刺梨结合酚含片制备中应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下效果和优点：
1)本发明提取的刺梨果渣结合酚为一种新型多酚，纯度较高，酚类化合物种类丰富，物质组成明确。本发明制得的刺梨果渣结合酚纯度不低于32％，该刺梨果渣结合酚由苹果酸(1)、没食子儿茶素(2)、没食子酸(3)、表没食子儿茶素(4)、没食子酸乙酯(5)、2,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸(6)、原儿茶醛(7)、6-Acetyl-2,5,8-trihydroxy naphthoquinone(8)、羟基苯甲酸(9)、5,6,7,3′-tetrahydroxy-trimethoxyisoflavone(10)、原花青素B1(11)、儿茶素(12)、短叶苏木酚酸(13)、Dimethyl 1,3-dihydroxy-9-oxo-4,4a,9,9a-tetrahydro-1H-xanthene-1,2-dicarboxylate(14)、Botrallin diacetate(15)、表儿茶素(16)、橡惋酸双内酯(17)、橡惋酸双内酯异构体(18)、p-香豆酸(19)、阿魏酸(21)、羟基葵二酸(22)、鞣花酸(23)、1,2-Bis(4-n-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dione(24)、壬二酸(25)、山奈酚-3-o-葡萄糖苷(26)、槲皮素(30)、二羟基棕榈酸(31)、十六烷二酸(32)、亚麻酸(33)、亚油酸(34)、棕榈酸(35)组成，其中化合物(2)、(3)、(4)、(9)、(12)、(16)、(21)、(23)、(30)在刺梨果渣结合酚中含量较高，为主要的抗氧化成分，而化合物(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)、(10)、(13)、(14)、(15)、(17)、(18)、(22)、(24)、(25)、(26)为首次在刺梨中发现的物质。本发明制备的刺梨果渣结合酚与已知报道的刺梨多酚的物质组成不同，含有多种活性化合物，可以确定为一种新型刺梨多酚。
2)本发明制备的刺梨果渣结合酚包含有机酸、酚酸、黄酮、单宁、脂肪酸等物质，物质组成多样，不需要多种酚类化合物的复配，刺梨果渣结合酚中存在的多种酚类化合物均可协同发挥抗氧化活性。
3)本发明得到的刺梨结合多酚作为新型刺梨多酚，具有优越的抗氧化活性，能够直接清除自由基，显著降低处于百草枯诱导的氧化应激条件下的秀丽隐杆线虫体内ROS水平，提高线虫体内SOD、CAT抗氧化酶的活性及降低线虫体内的MDA含量，从而提高氧化应激条件下线虫的抗逆性，增加其存活率，可以开发为延缓食品氧化变质的抗氧剂及辅助治疗氧化应激相关疾病的健康食品或药物。
4)从刺梨果渣中直接提取的结合酚一般纯度较低，本发明采用乙酸乙酯对碱提取后的提取物进行富集，提取物的纯度能够达到32％以上，富集步骤简单，易于操作，避免了采用传统大孔树脂纯化法的繁琐、耗时、多酚损失多的缺点。本发明与其它公开的纯化技术相比，无需再经大孔树脂进一步纯化，就能得到纯度较高的刺梨果渣结合酚。
5)本发明采用碱提法制备的结合酚产率高，与超声、微波辅助提取法等相比，本发明工艺简单易操作，适合大规模的工业化生产；该方法同样适用于从刺梨果中提取结合酚，可以提高刺梨的综合利用率，提高刺梨的附加值。
附图说明
图1为实施例1刺梨果渣结合酚的UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS总离子流图(负离子模式)。
图2为实施例1刺梨果渣结合酚和标准品的HPLC图。
图3为实施例1产品的DPPH自由基清除活性图。
图4为实施例1产品的ABTS自由基清除活性图。
图5为实施例1产品对氧化应激条件下秀丽隐杆线虫存活率的影响图。
图6为实施例1产品作用后氧化应激条件下秀丽隐杆线虫相对存活增加率图。
图7为实施例1产品对氧化应激条件下秀丽隐杆线虫体内ROS水平的影响图。
图8为实施例1产品对氧化应激条件下秀丽隐杆线虫体内SOD活性的影响图。
图9为实施例1产品对氧化应激条件下秀丽隐杆线虫体内CAT活性的影响图。
图10为实施例1产品对氧化应激条件下秀丽隐杆线虫体内MDA含量的影响图。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料预处理：将刺梨果渣清洗后放于托盘中，在45℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥48h，粉碎后过40目筛；
(2)脱脂：将刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:10g/mL与正己烷混合，在室温下振摇2h，以6000g的离心力离心5min后收集残渣，重复操作6次，残渣在45℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥48h得脱脂刺梨果渣干粉；
(3)脱除游离酚：将脱脂刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:15g/mL与体积浓度为70％的乙醇混合，于常温下提取2h,6000g离心5min后弃去上清液，残渣重复提取至少2次；
(4)提取：将残渣以料液质量体积比为1:10g/mL与4mol/L的NaOH混合，充入氮气密封于室温提取2h，然后用HCl将溶液pH值调整至2，再利用与混合液等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取6次，6000g离心5min后将乙酸乙酯相收集，40℃条件下减压浓缩，冷冻干燥48h，得到刺梨果渣结合酚。经称量计算刺梨果渣结合酚的产率为2.99％(以刺梨果渣原料干粉重量计)。
实施例2
一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料预处理：将刺梨果渣清洗后放于托盘中，在45℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥48h，粉碎后过50目筛；
(2)脱脂：将刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:20g/mL与正己烷混合，在室温下振摇1.5h，以5000g的离心力离心10min后收集残渣，重复操作5次，残渣在45℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥48h得脱脂刺梨果渣干粉；
(3)脱除游离酚：将脱脂刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:10g/mL与体积浓度为70％的乙醇混合，于常温下提取3h,5000g离心10min后弃去上清液，残渣重复提取至少2次；
(4)提取：将残渣以料液质量体积比为1:15g/mL与3mol/L的NaOH混合，充入氮气密封于室温提取1h，然后用HCl将溶液pH值调整至3，再利用2倍体积的乙酸乙酯萃取5次，5000g离心10min后将乙酸乙酯相收集，45℃条件下减压浓缩，冷冻干燥36h，得到刺梨果渣结合酚。经称量计算刺梨果渣结合酚的产率为2.99％(以刺梨果渣原料干粉重量计)。
实施例3
一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料预处理：将刺梨果渣清洗后放于托盘中，在45℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥48h，粉碎后过60目筛；
(2)脱脂：将刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:30g/mL与正己烷混合，在室温下振摇1h，以4000g的离心力离心15min后收集残渣，重复操作4次，残渣在45℃的鼓风干燥箱干燥48h得脱脂刺梨果渣干粉；
(3)脱除游离酚：将脱脂刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:20g/mL与体积浓度为70％的乙醇混合，于常温下提取1h,4000g离心15min后弃去上清液，残渣重复提取至少2次；
(4)提取：将残渣以料液质量体积比为1:20g/mL与2mol/L的NaOH混合，充入氮气密封于室温提取1.5h，然后用HCl将溶液pH值调整至4，再利用3倍体积的乙酸乙酯萃取4次，4000g离心15min后将乙酸乙酯相收集，50℃条件下减压浓缩，冷冻干燥72h，得到刺梨果渣结合酚。经称量计算刺梨果渣结合酚的产率为2.99％(以刺梨果渣原料干粉重量计)。
按以上实施例1制得的刺梨果渣结合酚通过以下方法进行物质鉴定和活性分析，实施例2和3的结果与实施例1相似。当NaOH浓度低于2mol/L时，提取物的酚含量和抗氧化活性明显较低，本发明确定的2～4mol/L的NaOH为刺梨果渣结合酚的最佳提取溶剂，本发明得到的产物具有高得率、高纯度及良好抗氧化活性的特点。
实施例4
刺梨果渣结合酚提取物的总酚含量测定
采用Folin-Ciocalteu试剂法测定刺梨果渣结合酚提取物的总酚含量。首先将100μL浓度为800μg/mL的样品溶液与400μL的去离子水、Folin-Ciocalteu试剂混合均匀，然后于室温条件孵育6分钟。然后再加入1.0mL 7％NaCO3溶液和0.8mL去离子水，混匀后于室温避光反应90分钟，用酶标仪测量混合物在760nm处的吸光度值。以没食子酸为标准品作标准曲线，测量结果表明本发明提取得到的刺梨果渣结合酚提取物的总酚含量，即纯度高达33.14±0.88％。
实施例5
刺梨果渣结合酚的物质组成和主要物质的定量分析
采用UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS技术鉴定刺梨果渣结合多酚的物质组成。用70％甲醇将样品配制成1.5mg/mL的溶液，过0.22μm有机滤膜后转移至棕色液相瓶中进行分析。色谱条件：采用日本岛津LC-30系列超高效液相色谱仪，Shim-pack GIST C18色谱柱(2.1×75mm,2μm)，柱温35℃，流动相为0.1％甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B)，梯度洗脱程序：0min,3％B；5min,8％B；6min,20％B；20min,35％B；23min,50％B；24～26min,100％B；26～30min,3％B,进样量5μL，流速0.3mL/min。质谱条件：采用三重四极杆飞行时间质谱仪(AB Sciex)，ESI源负电离模式，二级质谱的扫描范围为m/z 80～1500，碰撞能量为-40能量为eV，CUR、GS1和GS2的压力分别设置为40psi、50psi和50psi。喷雾器电压为-4500v，离子源温度为550℃。数据采用SCIEX OS软件进行分析。根据相对分子质量和二级质谱碎片离子质量与MassBank、ChemSpider数据库及文献进行比较，确定刺梨果渣结合酚的物质组成。通过高效液相色谱对刺梨果渣结合酚中的没食子酸、没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、儿茶素、对羟基苯甲酸、表儿茶素、鞣花酸、阿魏酸和槲皮素进行定量。
图1为刺梨果渣结合酚的UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS总离子流图，共鉴定出31种物质，分别为苹果酸(1)、没食子儿茶素(2)、没食子酸(3)、表没食子儿茶素(4)、没食子酸乙酯(5)、2,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸(6)、原儿茶醛(7)、6-Acetyl-2,5,8-trihydroxy naphthoquinone(8)、羟基苯甲酸(9)、5,6,7,3′-tetrahydroxy-trimethoxyisoflavone(10)、原花青素B1(11)、儿茶素(12)、短叶苏木酚酸(13)、Dimethyl 1,3-dihydroxy-9-oxo-4,4a,9,9a-tetrahydro-1H-xanthene-1,2-dicarboxylate(14)、Botrallin diacetate(15)、表儿茶素(16)、橡惋酸双内酯(17)、橡惋酸双内酯异构体(18)、p-香豆酸(19)、阿魏酸(21)、羟基葵二酸(22)、鞣花酸(23)、1,2-Bis(4-n-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dione(24)、壬二酸(25)、山奈酚-3-o-葡萄糖苷(26)、槲皮素(30)、二羟基棕榈酸(31)、十六烷二酸(32)、亚麻酸(33)、亚油酸(34)、棕榈酸(35)组成，其中化合物(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)、(10)、(13)、(14)、(15)、(17)、(18)、(22)、(24)、(25)、(26)为首次在刺梨中发现的物质，这些物质已被证实具有多种良好的功能活性。
高效液相色谱结果(图2)分析表明，刺梨果渣结合酚富含没食子酸(25.41±0.09μg/mL)、鞣花酸(39.73±0.18μg/mL)、阿魏酸(0.77±0.02μg/mL)和羟基苯甲酸(0.23±0.02μg/mL)等酚酸及儿茶素(4.48±0.03μg/mL)、表儿茶素(5.64±0.05μg/mL)、没食子儿茶素(5.49±0.07μg/mL)、表没食子儿茶素(2.74±0.06μg/mL)和槲皮素(0.52±0.02μg/mL)等黄酮类物质。这些酚类化合物单体已被证实具有良好的抗氧化活性。
实施例6
刺梨果渣结合酚的DPPH自由基清除活性实验
用70％甲醇将样品配制成5～100μg/mL的溶液，然后将1mL样品溶液与1mL DPPH溶液(0.15mmol/L,70％甲醇溶液)混合，25℃避光反应30min后于517nm下测定吸光值，以抗坏血酸(Vc)作为阳性对照。DPPH自由基清除率(％)按公式(1)计算：
DPPH自由基清除率(％)＝ [1- (As-Ab) /Ac] × 100 (1)
其中As为含样品和DPPH溶液的反应体系的吸光值；Ab和Ac分别为不含DPPH溶液和样品溶液的反应体系的吸光度，结果以半抑制浓度(IC50)表示。结果如图3所示，随着样品浓度的升高，刺梨果渣结合酚对DPPH自由基清除活性也逐渐升高，且在浓度为25μg/mL时抑制率就能够达到90％以上，与Vc相当。刺梨果渣结合酚对DPPH自由基的IC50值为8.17μg/mL，而Vc的为3.80μg/mL，表明刺梨果渣结合酚能够很好地清除DPPH自由基，但效果稍差于Vc。
实施例7
刺梨果渣结合酚的ABTS自由基清除活性实验
用70％甲醇将样品配制成10～250μg/mL的溶液，取0.4mL不同浓度的样品溶液与2mL ABTS·A溶液(7mmol/L)混合，摇匀后在室温下避光孵育6min,然后在734nm的波长条件下测定吸光值。以抗坏血酸(Vc)作为阳性对照，ABTS自由基清除率(％)按公式(2)计算：
ABTS自由基清除率(％)＝ (A0 - A1) / A0 × 100 (2)
其中A0和A1分别为空白和样品反应体系的吸光值。由图4所示，随着样品浓度的不断增加，刺梨果渣结合酚对ABTS自由基的清除能力也逐渐增强，在100μg/mL时抑制活性与Vc相当，超过90％。刺梨果渣结合酚对ABTS自由基的IC50值为30.90μg/mL，而Vc的为13.44μg/mL，表明刺梨果渣结合酚具有良好的ABTS自由基清除能力，但效果弱于Vc。
实施例8
刺梨果渣结合酚的氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)实验
将20μL10μg/mL样品溶液或不同浓度的Trolox溶液(6.25～100μmol/L)与200μL荧光素钠盐溶液(95.6nmol/L)加入96孔板中，37℃条件下避光孵化20min，随后立即加入20μLAAPH溶液(119mmol/L)启动反应，混匀后用酶标仪在485nm激发波长和535nm发射波长下记录荧光强度，每3min记录一次，共循环35次。结果表示为每克干重提取物的mmol Trolox当量表示(mmol/L Trolox/g)。结果表明刺梨果渣结合酚的ORAC值为12.07mmol/L，该值远远高于文献报道的其他富含多酚植物的多酚提取物的ORAC值，说明刺梨果渣结合酚具有极好的氧自由基吸收能力。
实施例9
刺梨果渣结合酚对百草枯诱导的氧化损伤秀丽隐杆线虫的影响研究
线虫的日常培养在已接种大肠杆菌OP50的NGM琼脂板进行，培养温度为20℃，当培养至板上大多数线虫处于产卵期时，对线虫进行同步化处理：用Bleach液对线虫进行裂解，得到的卵分散于1mL S Medium后转移至装有8mL S Medium的锥形瓶中，放于20℃培养箱培养23h得到大量生长均一的L1期线虫，再加入1mL大肠杆菌NA22(OD570≈0.50)继续培养48h至L4期。
取96孔板，每孔含1.5μL 5-FUdR溶液(5mg/mL)，2.0μL氨苄青霉素溶液(5mg/mL),10μL NA22(OD570≈0.50)，10μL含有约15～20条L4期线虫，71.5μL S Medium溶液以及5.0μL用DMSO溶解的0.4～2mg/mL样品溶液，控制组以5.0μL DMSO代替样品，每组设7个复孔，用石蜡封口膜密封后放于20℃培养箱培养24h后，每孔再加入5.0μL的百草枯溶液(1mol/L)，使百草枯终浓度为50mmol/L，从加入百草枯开始记为0h，之后每隔12h在显微镜下记录线虫的存活情况，直至所有线虫死亡。以线虫存活率为纵坐标，时间为横坐标作生存曲线，并计算生存曲线下的积分面积，按公式(3)计算线虫相对存活增加率：
相对存活增加率(ΔAUC％)＝(AUCs-AUCc)/AUCc×100％(3)
其中AUCs和AUCc分别为样品和空白对照组存活曲线下的积分面积。如图5可知，与控制组相比，样品处理组线虫的生存曲线明显右移，且随着浓度的增加，线虫的生存曲线越靠右。此外，由图6可知，样品组的相对存活增加率均大于15％，浓度越高，相对存活增加率越高，说明刺梨果渣结合酚能够缓解线虫体内由百草枯引起的氧化应激且呈剂量依赖性。
实施例10
刺梨果渣结合酚对百草枯诱导的氧化损伤秀丽隐杆线虫中ROS水平、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响
线虫的同步化处理同实施例8，取24孔板，每孔加入15μL 5mg/mL 5-FUdR溶液，20μL 5mg/mL氨苄青霉素溶液,100μL NA22(OD570≈0.50)，100μL含有约500～800条L4期线虫，760S Medium溶液以及5.0μL用DMSO溶解的4～20mg/mL样品溶液，正常组和控制组以5.0μLDMSO代替样品，每组设3个复孔，用石蜡封口膜密封后放于20℃培养箱培养24h后，每孔再加入4.0μL 500mmol/L的百草枯溶液，使百草枯终浓度为2mmol/L，继续培养48h，然后将各组线虫收集于离心管，用M9缓冲液清洗5次后，弃去上清液，加入400μL 0.1％PBST(含0.1％吐温20)并转移至匀浆器后进行匀浆处理，操作在冰上进行，匀浆后于4℃，12000g的条件下离心取上清液，放于冰盒上备用。ROS水平、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量的测定按试剂盒(上海碧云天)说明书测定。
由图7可知，与正常组相比，由百草枯诱导的氧化应激条件下控制组线虫体内的ROS水平明显升高，而刺梨果渣结合酚处理组能够显著抑制线虫体内过多的ROS产生，并呈剂量依赖性。
由图8和图9可知，与控制组相比，刺梨果渣结合酚能够增加氧化应激条件下线虫体内的SOD和CAT的活性，且效果以高剂量组最为显著。在样品浓度为100μg/mL时，线虫体内的SOD和CAT的活性分别比控制组增加了109.07％和101.95％。SOD和CAT是抗氧化防御系统的第一道防线中最重要的两种抗氧化酶，以上结果说明刺梨果渣结合酚能够显著增强机体内抗氧化防御系统的防御能力，从而清除体内过多的ROS，缓解氧化应激，增强机体抗逆性。
由图10可知，与控制组线虫体内的MDA含量相比，20μg/mL样品处理组减少了38.54％，100μg/mL样品处理组减少了73.45％，说明刺梨果渣结合酚能够显著降低氧化应激条件下线虫体内的MDA含量。MDA作为机体脂质过氧化反应的终产物，可与蛋白、核酸等作用使之丧失相关功能，对细胞具有毒性作用，因此抑制机体内MDA的过度积累对机体健康具有重要意义。
综上所述，刺梨果渣结合酚不仅能够直接清除自由基，对机体的氧化损伤也具有很好的保护作用，具有作为抗氧化剂应用于相关保健食品开发的潜力。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）原料预处理：将刺梨果渣清洗、干燥、粉碎、过筛得刺梨果渣干粉备用；
2）脱脂：将刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:10~1:30 g/mL与正己烷混合，在室温下振摇1~2 h，离心后收集残渣，干燥得脱脂刺梨果渣干粉；
3）脱除游离酚：将脱脂刺梨果渣干粉以料液质量体积比为1:10~1:20 g/mL与乙醇混合，于常温下提取1~3 h, 离心弃去上清液，残渣重复提取至少2次；所述乙醇为体积浓度70%以上的乙醇；
4）提取：将步骤3）所得残渣以料液质量体积比为1:10~1:20 g/mL与2~4 mol/L NaOH溶液混合，充入保护气体密封后于室温提取1~2 h，然后用HCl将溶液pH值调整至2~4得混合溶液，再用乙酸乙酯进行萃取，离心将乙酸乙酯相收集、减压浓缩、冷冻干燥，得到刺梨果渣结合酚提取物；
所述刺梨果渣结合酚提取物包括没食子酸、鞣花酸、阿魏酸和羟基苯甲酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素和槲皮素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）所述干燥的方式为鼓风干燥且温度低于50 °C；所述过筛为过40~60目筛。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）所述脱脂的重复次数为4~6次；所述室温为25~30℃；所述离心的条件为4000~6000 g，时间为5~15 min；所述干燥的方式为鼓风干燥且温度低于50 °C。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3）所述离心的条件为4000~6000 g，时间为5~15 min；所述常温为25~30℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤4）所述萃取的乙酸乙酯用量为混合溶液体积的1~3倍，所述萃取的次数为4~6次；所述室温为25~30℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤4）所述保护气体为氮气；所述离心的条件为4000~6000 g，时间为5~15 min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤4）所述减压浓缩的温度为40~50 ℃；所述冷冻干燥的时间为36~72 h。
8.由权利要求1~7任一项所述的制备方法制得的具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚。
9.根据权利要求8所述的具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚，其特征在于，所述刺梨果渣结合酚包括没食子酸25.41 ± 0.09 μg/mL、鞣花酸39.73 ± 0.18 μg/mL、阿魏酸0.77 ± 0.02 μg/mL和羟基苯甲酸0.23 ± 0.02 μg/mL及儿茶素4.48 ± 0.03 μg/mL、表儿茶素5.64 ± 0.05 μg/mL、没食子儿茶素5.49 ± 0.07 μg/mL、表没食子儿茶素2.74 ±0.06 μg/mL和槲皮素0.52 ± 0.02 μg/mL。
10.权利要求8或9所述的具有显著抗氧化活性的刺梨果渣结合酚作为抗氧化剂在 制备食品和药品中的用途。
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