CN114076781B - Experimental device, system and method for simulating electric logging response of formation fracture - Google Patents
Experimental device, system and method for simulating electric logging response of formation fracture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device, a system and a method for simulating an electrical logging response of a stratum fracture, wherein a container of the device is filled with a solution with controllable mineralization. The conductive film includes a fracture-flushing-zone simulation portion, a fracture-invaded-zone simulation portion, and an undisturbed-fracture simulation portion. And the conductive film is provided with a central hole which is convenient for the electric logging instrument to pass through. The conductive film is fixed in the container. The electric logging instrument is connected with the suspension device, and the suspension device can drive the electric logging instrument to move up and down. The logging signal acquisition device is electrically connected with the electric logging instrument. The structure is simple, the implementation is easy, the electric logging response of cracks with different resistivity, different invasion depths and different resistivity distribution can be simulated, the electric logging response of cracks with different dip angles can be simulated, the electric logging response of cracks with different extension lengths can be simulated, the influence of different bedrock resistivity on the electric logging response of a fractured stratum can be simulated, and the electric logging response characteristic of a (parallel and intersected) crack group can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical well logging, in particular to an experimental device, a system and a method for simulating an electrical well logging response of a stratum fracture.
Background
Fracture parameter evaluation is an important challenge faced by well logging interpretation. Fractures are both important oil and gas reservoir spaces and important migration pathways for low permeability reservoirs. Whether the crack is developed or not is directly related to the oil gas productivity. With the deep development work of oil and gas exploration, the logging evaluation work of a fractured reservoir layer attracts increasing attention. Because the difference between the crack and the bedrock resistivity is great, the electric logging is an effective means for evaluating the crack at present, so that a physical simulation device for electric logging of the fractured stratum is required to be established, and the evaluation of the crack parameters through the logging response is realized by clearing the relation between the crack parameters and the logging response.
At present, a series of research works are carried out by students aiming at the problem of the electric logging physical experiment of the fractured stratum. Ke Shizhen, ge Xinmin, feng Qining, fan Yiren, deng Shaogui, et al have performed two-sidewise logging physical simulation work from the 90 s of the last century to date with a series of achievements. Simulation experiment devices for the influence of fracture parameters on dual lateral logging response have been developed. As in the "physical simulation study of dual lateral logging response of fracture formation" in the first paper, ke Shizhen et al established a 1:20 equally scaled down physical simulation model. In the model, sandstone or dolomite is adopted to simulate a stratum, cracks with different openings are manufactured in the stratum, the cracks are filled with a current-conducting body, a 1:20-reduced dual-lateral logging instrument is adopted to measure, dual-lateral logging response characteristics are recorded, and physical simulation of dual-lateral logging of the fractured stratum is realized. However, when the device converts the cracks manufactured in the sandstone or dolomite stratum model into the cracks in the real stratum, the opening degree of the cracks is larger, stratum parameters and the crack parameters are not easy to adjust (the stratum and the crack parameters need to be re-manufactured), and the model needs to be improved. In the patent of a cave stratum double-lateral logging physical simulation device and experimental method with reduced equal proportion, ge Xinmin and the like, a set of double-lateral logging physical simulation device which simulates formation conductivity by water with different mineralization degrees and simulates a cave by using a conductive sphere is manufactured, and formation parameters are easy to adjust, but the problem of crack physical simulation is not solved. The former only proposes a set of physical simulation device which adopts a miniature coil system and simply considers cracks and conducts bedrock in a test model of a coplanar induction logging instrument for detecting formation cracks. The device adopts the 5cm wide polyvinyl chloride container to fill fluid to conduct electricity so as to simulate crack conductance, so that the crack width is overlarge (the equal proportion is calculated to be 0.5 m, the actual underground crack is tens of micrometers), the device is poor in fit with the actual situation, the influence of slurry invasion and the coupling relation between the crack and a stratum are not considered in the model, and only qualitative simulation can be carried out on the crack response.
At present, a set of physical simulation device which is used for considering the quantitative influence of crack and bedrock conduction, the influence of mud invasion and the intercoupling crack parameter change on the electric logging response and is easy to change and adjust is lacking, so that the quantitative research of the crack parameter change on the electric logging influence is hindered, and the quantitative evaluation of the electric logging crack parameter is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides the device, the system and the method for simulating the electric logging response of the stratum fracture, which have simple structure and easy realization, and can simulate the fractures with different resistivity by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electric uneven distribution cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electric logging response of cracks with different dip angles (such as horizontal cracks, oblique crossing cracks and vertical cracks) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating crack logging responses of different extension lengths by adjusting the size of the conductive film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electrical logging response of the fractured formation can be simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water tank, and the electrical logging response characteristic of the fractured group can be realized by arranging a plurality of mutually coupled conductive films.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an experimental device for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture comprises a container filled with a conductive solution for simulating formation bedrock conduction, a conductive film for simulating the formation fracture, an electrical logging instrument, a suspension device and a logging signal acquisition device. Wherein, the container is filled with a solution with controllable mineralization degree. The conductive film includes a fracture-flushing-zone simulation portion, a fracture-invaded-zone simulation portion, and an undisturbed-fracture simulation portion. And the conductive film is provided with a central hole which is convenient for the electric logging instrument to pass through. The conductive film is fixed in the container. The electric logging instrument is connected with the suspension device, and the suspension device can drive the electric logging instrument to move up and down. The logging signal acquisition device is electrically connected with the electric logging instrument.
The experimental device for simulating the electric logging response of the stratum fracture has the advantages of simple structure and easy realization, and can simulate the stratum bedrock conduction of different resistivity and the fractures of different resistivity. The electric logging response of cracks with different dip angles (such as horizontal cracks, diagonal cracks and vertical cracks) is simulated by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film and the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument. The fracture logging response of different extension lengths is simulated by adjusting the size of the conductive film. The influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electrical logging response of the fractured formations can be simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the container, and the (parallel, intersected) fracture group electrical logging response characteristics can also be realized by arranging a plurality of mutually coupled conductive films. The invention can systematically and quantitatively simulate single fracture parameters (resistivity, length and inclination angle) under different wellbores, strata and invasion conditions (flushing, invasion zone radius, flushing and invasion zone resistivity), and also simulate the electric logging response characteristics of the fracture group with different densities and arrangement modes (parallel and diagonal), thereby realizing the quantitative physical simulation of the electric logging fracture parameters.
The simulation result of the experimental device for simulating the electric logging response of the formation fracture provided by the invention confirms the electric logging response characteristics of the fracture with different parameters, and lays the foundation for evaluating and explaining the electric logging of the fractured formation. The method can be used for establishing a fractured stratum electric logging fracture interpretation and evaluation model, and further used for sandstone, shale and volcanic stratum electric logging fracture parameter quantitative evaluation, oil-water layer identification, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation. Because of the accuracy and the observability of the experimental device, the device can also be used for calibrating the numerical simulation result of the electric logging, the principle teaching of the electric logging method and the like.
Further improvements to the above described solution are possible as follows.
According to the experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture, in a preferred embodiment, the fracture flushing zone simulation part, the fracture invasion zone simulation part and the undisturbed fracture simulation part are respectively nano silver conductive films with different conductivities and are spliced into a whole.
Cracks with different resistivities can be simulated by manufacturing conductive films with different silver contents, and characteristics of crack resistivity change caused by mud invasion are simulated by cutting the nano silver conductive films with different resistivities. Compared with a conductive net formed by metal wires, the nano silver conductive film has more uniform electrical property, and better solves the problem of quantitative analog measurement of the response characteristics of electric logging with different fracture parameters.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the conductive film is disposed at any angle to the electrical logging instrument.
And simulating the response characteristics of the crack group with different included angles with the well axis by adjusting the included angles between the conductive film and the logging instrument.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the conductive film includes at least two groups.
The conductive films can be arranged in parallel to simulate parallel cracks, and can be mutually intersected and coupled to simulate intersected cracks, and the combination mode of underground cracks is simulated by adjusting the combination mode of the conductive film group.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the suspension device comprises a logging horse head, a logging cable, a crown block, a pulley fixture, a ground pulley, and a winch. The device comprises a vertical pulley, a ground pulley, a well logging signal acquisition device, a well logging horse head, a well logging cable, a well logging signal acquisition device and a winch, wherein the vertical pulley and the ground pulley are respectively fixed through pulley fixing devices, one end of the well logging cable is connected with the well logging instrument through the well logging horse head, and the other end of the well logging cable sequentially bypasses the vertical pulley and the winch to be connected with the well logging signal acquisition device.
The suspension device with the structural form can conveniently adjust the depth of the electric logging instrument in the container, and can enable the logging signal acquisition device to accurately acquire signals of the electric logging instrument in time.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the signal acquisition device comprises a ground acquisition unit electrically connected with the electric logging instrument and a processing unit connected with the ground acquisition unit.
The processing unit is matched with the ground acquisition unit, so that current signals generated by the electric logging instrument can be timely and accurately obtained.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the conductive film is fixed in the container by a fixing block.
The conductive film is clamped in the container through the fixing block, so that the structural stability of the whole experimental device can be ensured, and the stable and reliable testing process is effectively ensured.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the solution with controlled mineralization is a sodium chloride solution.
The sodium chloride solution is used as an experiment solution, so that the operation safety of experiments can be ensured, and the resistivity of the solution can be conveniently adjusted to simulate the conductivity of stratum bedrock with different resistivities.
The experimental system for simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to the second aspect of the invention comprises the experimental device and a post-processing module for analyzing data obtained by the experimental device.
Obviously, the experimental system for simulating the electrical logging response of the stratum fracture comprises the experimental device and the post-processing module, is simple in structure and easy to realize, and can simulate cracks with different resistivity by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electric uneven distribution cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electric logging response of cracks with different dip angles (such as horizontal cracks, oblique crossing cracks and vertical cracks) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating crack logging responses of different extension lengths by adjusting the size of the conductive film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electrical logging response of the fractured formation can be simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water tank, and the electrical logging response characteristic of the fractured group can be realized by arranging a plurality of mutually coupled conductive films. And the electric logging crack interpretation and evaluation model of the fractured stratum can be well established through the post-processing module, so that the electric logging crack parameters of sandstone, shale and volcanic stratum are quantitatively evaluated, an oil-water layer is identified, and the productivity is evaluated and the reserve is calculated. Because of the accuracy and the observability of the experimental device, the electric logging numerical simulation result can be calibrated through the post-processing module.
An experimental method for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to the third aspect of the invention, implemented using the apparatus described above, comprises the steps of: and S01, filling a solution with controllable mineralization degree into the container, so that the resistivity of the solution is equal to that of the stratum bedrock. S02, manufacturing a conductive film, wherein the crack flushing band simulation part, the crack invasion band simulation part and the undisturbed crack simulation part are spliced into a whole and have the same resistivity as the crack to be simulated. S03, fixing the conductive film in the container, and arranging the conductive film at any included angle with the electric logging instrument. S04, connecting the electric logging instrument with a logging signal acquisition device through a suspension device. S05, controlling the electric logging instrument to be located at a preset position in the container through the suspension device, supplying power to the electric logging instrument through the logging signal acquisition device, and acquiring and recording and storing current generated by the electric logging instrument in the solution through the signal acquisition device.
Obviously, the experimental device is adopted for implementation, so that the simulation result obtained by the experimental method for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture disclosed by the invention is clear of the electrical logging response characteristics of the fracture with different parameters, and lays the foundation for evaluating and explaining the electrical logging of the fractured formation. The method can be used for establishing a fractured stratum electric logging fracture interpretation and evaluation model, and further used for sandstone, shale and volcanic stratum electric logging fracture parameter quantitative evaluation, oil-water layer identification, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation. Because of the accuracy and the observability of the experimental device, the device can also be used for calibrating the numerical simulation result of the electric logging, the principle teaching of the electric logging method and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the structure is simple, the implementation is easy, the distribution of the resistivity of the fracture surface is uniform, and the interference of the non-uniform resistivity caused by the simulation of the fracture by the traditional metal mesh on the electric logging is effectively avoided; the resistivity of the fracture surface is stable, and the interference of the uneven resistivity of the fracture surface on the electric logging caused by the influence of gravity can be avoided. The cracks with different resistivity can be simulated by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electric uneven distribution cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electric logging response of cracks with different dip angles (such as horizontal cracks, oblique crossing cracks and vertical cracks) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating crack logging responses of different extension lengths by adjusting the size of the conductive film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electrical logging response of the fractured formation can be simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water tank, and the electrical logging response characteristic of the fractured group can be realized by arranging a plurality of mutually coupled conductive films.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 schematically shows the overall structure of an experimental setup for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 schematically shows a schematic structure of a conductive film in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, like parts are designated with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 schematically shows the overall structure of an experimental set-up 10 for simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 schematically shows a schematic structure of a conductive film 2 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an experimental apparatus 10 for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a container 1 for simulating formation bedrock conduction, a conductive film 2 for simulating formation fracture, an electrical logging instrument 3, a suspension device 4, and a logging signal acquisition device 5. Wherein the container 1 is filled with a solution 6 with controllable mineralization. The conductive film 2 includes a crack-flushing-tape simulation portion 21, a crack-intrusion-tape simulation portion 22, and an undisturbed-crack simulation portion 23. And, the conductive film 2 is provided with a center hole 24 for facilitating the passage of the electric logging instrument 3. The conductive film 2 is fixed in the container 1. The electric logging instrument 3 is connected with a suspension device 4, and the suspension device 4 can drive the electric logging instrument 3 to move up and down. The logging signal acquisition device 5 is electrically connected with the electric logging instrument 3.
The experimental device for simulating the electric logging response of the stratum fracture has the advantages of simple structure and easy realization, and can simulate the stratum bedrock conduction with different resistivity and the fractures with different resistivity. The electric logging response of cracks with different dip angles (such as horizontal cracks, diagonal cracks and vertical cracks) is simulated by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film and the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument. The fracture logging response of different extension lengths is simulated by adjusting the size of the conductive film. The influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electrical logging response of the fractured formations can be simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the container, and the (parallel, intersected) fracture group electrical logging response characteristics can also be realized by arranging a plurality of mutually coupled conductive films. The invention can systematically and quantitatively simulate single fracture parameters (resistivity, length and inclination angle) under different wellbores, strata and invasion conditions (flushing, invasion zone radius, flushing and invasion zone resistivity), and also simulate the electric logging response characteristics of the fracture group with different densities and arrangement modes (parallel and diagonal), thereby realizing the quantitative physical simulation of the electric logging fracture parameters.
According to the simulation result of the experimental device for simulating the electric logging response of the formation fracture, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the electric logging response characteristics of the different parameters of the fracture are defined, and the foundation for evaluating and explaining the electric logging of the fractured formation is laid. The method can be used for establishing a fractured stratum electric logging fracture interpretation and evaluation model, and further used for sandstone, shale and volcanic stratum electric logging fracture parameter quantitative evaluation, oil-water layer identification, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation. Because of the accuracy and the observability of the experimental device, the device can also be used for calibrating the numerical simulation result of the electric logging, the principle teaching of the electric logging method and the like.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the container 1 is a water tank 11 in a cubic shape, and the center hole 24 in the center of the conductive film 2 is circular or elliptical so that the electrical logging instrument 3 can pass smoothly through the center hole 24. It is easily understood that the container 1 may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a spherical shape, or the like.
Further, in the present embodiment, the conductive film 2 is disposed at any angle α, β with the electrical logging instrument 3. And simulating the response characteristics of the crack group with different included angles with the well axis by adjusting the included angles between the conductive film and the logging instrument. Further, in the present embodiment, the conductive film 2 includes at least two groups. The conductive films can be arranged in parallel to simulate parallel cracks, and can be mutually intersected and coupled to simulate intersected cracks, and the combination mode of underground cracks is simulated by adjusting the combination mode of the conductive film group.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the suspension device 4 includes a logging horse head 41, a logging cable 42, a crown block 43, a block fixture 44, a ground block 45, and a winch 46. Wherein, the crown block 43 and the ground pulley 45 are respectively fixed by a pulley fixing device 44, one end of the logging cable 42 is connected with the electric logging instrument 3 sequentially through the logging horse head 41 and the logging cable 42, and the other end of the logging cable 42 sequentially bypasses the crown block 43 and is connected with the logging signal acquisition device 5 through a winch 46. The suspension device with the structural form can conveniently adjust the depth of the electric logging instrument in the container, and can enable the logging signal acquisition device to accurately acquire signals of the electric logging instrument in time.
As shown in fig. 1, specifically, in the present embodiment, the signal acquisition device 5 includes a surface acquisition unit 51 electrically connected to the electrical logging instrument 3 and a processing unit 52 connected to the surface acquisition unit 51, and the processing unit 52 is preferably a computer. The processing unit is matched with the ground acquisition unit, so that current signals generated by the electric logging instrument can be timely and accurately obtained.
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the conductive film 2 is fixed in the container 1 by the fixing block 7. The conductive film is clamped in the container through the fixing block, so that the structural stability of the whole experimental device can be ensured, and the stable and reliable testing process is effectively ensured.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the solution 6 with controllable degree of mineralization is a sodium chloride solution. The sodium chloride solution is used as an experiment solution, so that the operation safety of experiments can be ensured, and the resistivity of the solution can be conveniently adjusted to simulate the conductivity of stratum bedrock with different resistivities. Distilled water with higher resistivity can also be selected for the mineralization-controllable solution 6 to realize physical simulation of electric logging response in the high-resistance stratum.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental apparatus 10 for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention is preferably made of a nano conductive silver film. The crack flushing band simulation part 21, the crack invasion band simulation part 22, and the undisturbed crack simulation part 23 are respectively nano silver conductive films with different conductivities and are spliced into a whole. According to the experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of the stratum fracture, the fracture with different resistivity can be simulated by manufacturing the conductive films with different silver contents, and the characteristic of change in the resistivity of the fracture caused by mud invasion can be simulated by cutting the nano silver conductive films with different resistivity. Compared with a conductive net formed by metal wires, the nano silver conductive film has more uniform electrical property, and better solves the problem of quantitative analog measurement of the response characteristics of electric logging with different fracture parameters.
Example 3
The experimental system for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture comprises the experimental device 10 and a post-processing module for analyzing data obtained by the experimental device 10. Obviously, the experimental system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the experimental device and the post-processing module, has simple structure and is easy to realize, and cracks with different resistivity can be simulated by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electric uneven distribution cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electric logging response of cracks with different dip angles (such as horizontal cracks, oblique crossing cracks and vertical cracks) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating crack logging responses of different extension lengths by adjusting the size of the conductive film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electrical logging response of the fractured formation can be simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water tank, and the electrical logging response characteristic of the fractured group can be realized by arranging a plurality of mutually coupled conductive films. And the electric logging crack interpretation and evaluation model of the fractured stratum can be well established through the post-processing module, so that the electric logging crack parameters of sandstone, shale and volcanic stratum are quantitatively evaluated, an oil-water layer is identified, and the productivity is evaluated and the reserve is calculated. Because of the accuracy and the observability of the experimental device, the electric logging numerical simulation result can be calibrated through the post-processing module.
Example 4
The experimental method of simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to the third aspect of the invention is carried out using the experimental set-up 10 described above. The specific operation process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a water tank 11 having a side length of 2m was filled with a sodium chloride solution having a controllable degree of mineralization so that the solution resistivity was equal to the bedrock resistivity.
The conductive film 2 shown in fig. 2 was fabricated using a nano silver conductive film to simulate formation cracks. The conductive film 2 is formed by splicing a circular or elliptical central hole 24, a crack flushing band simulation part 21, a crack invasion band simulation part 22 and an undisturbed crack simulation part 23 which are convenient for the electric logging instrument 3 to pass through, and each part is a nano silver conductive film with different conductivities. The resistivity of the nano silver conductive film is controlled by the silver content in the conductive film when the nano silver conductive film is manufactured, so that the silver content is equal to the resistivity of the crack to be simulated.
After the distribution characteristics of the crack resistivity after slurry intrusion are determined, including the deep low resistance, the shallow high resistance, the deep high resistance, the shallow low resistance and the intrusion radius of the crack with increased resistance intrusion, three square conductive films 2 with the same resistivity as the crack flushing band resistivity, the intrusion band resistivity and the crack resistivity of the bedrock part are respectively manufactured, and cut and spliced according to the shape shown in fig. 2. A central hole 24 is bored in the center of the conductive film 2 to allow the electrical logging instrument 3 to pass smoothly.
A plurality of conductive films 2 shown in fig. 2 are manufactured, the conductive films 2 are fixed in a water tank 11 through a fixing block 7, the conductive films 2 can be arranged in parallel with an electric logging instrument 3 at any included angle alpha, and in the embodiment, the angle alpha is 50 degrees so as to simulate the response characteristics of crack groups with different included angles with a well axis.
The top pulley 43 and the ground pulley 45 are respectively fixed by a pulley fixing device 44, one end of the logging cable 42 is connected with the electric logging instrument 3 by a logging horse head 41, and the other end of the logging cable 42 bypasses the top pulley 43 and the ground pulley 45 and is connected with the logging signal acquisition device 5 by a winch 46.
The actual measurement process comprises the following steps:
the electrical logging instrument 3 is first controlled by the winch 46 to be located at the bottom of the water tank 11. The electrical logging instrument 3 is powered by the logging signal acquisition device 5, and a transmitting coil or a measuring electrode in the electrical logging instrument 3 excites an electromagnetic field in space, which will generate an electric current in the mutually coupled crack-simulating conductive film group 2 and the sodium chloride solution 6 filled in the stratum-simulating water tank 11, the magnitude of the electric current being related to the resistivity of the conductive films 2, the length of the conductive films 2, the number of the conductive films 2 and the mutual coupling arrangement and the resistivity of the solution 6. The current is detected by a measuring electrode or a receiving coil of the electric logging instrument 3, and is further collected by the electric logging signal collecting device 5, and is recorded and stored by the existing logging processing software in the computer. Thus, the electric logging instrument 3 is measured at the bottom depth of the water tank 11, then the electric logging instrument 3 is slowly lifted in the water tank 11 through the winch 46, the logging response measurement at different depth points in the whole water tank 11 is completed, and the logging response measurement is recorded and stored through a computer, so that the experimental measurement of the electric logging response under single fracture parameters is completed.
Obviously, the experimental device is adopted for implementation, so that the simulation result obtained by the experimental method for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture disclosed by the invention is clear of the electrical logging response characteristics of the fracture with different parameters, and lays the foundation for evaluating and explaining the electrical logging of the fractured formation. The method can be used for establishing a fractured stratum electric logging fracture interpretation and evaluation model, and further used for sandstone, shale and volcanic stratum electric logging fracture parameter quantitative evaluation, oil-water layer identification, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation. Because of the accuracy and the observability of the experimental device, the device can also be used for calibrating the numerical simulation result of the electric logging, the principle teaching of the electric logging method and the like.
According to the embodiment, the device, the system and the method for simulating the electrical logging response of the stratum fracture are simple in structure and easy to realize, and the fractures with different resistivity can be simulated by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electric uneven distribution cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electric logging response of cracks with different dip angles (such as horizontal cracks, oblique crossing cracks and vertical cracks) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating crack logging responses of different extension lengths by adjusting the size of the conductive film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electrical logging response of the fractured formation can be simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water tank, and the electrical logging response characteristic of the fractured group can be realized by arranging a plurality of mutually coupled conductive films.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. An experimental device for simulating an electric logging response of a stratum fracture is characterized by comprising a container for simulating stratum bedrock conduction, a conductive film for simulating the stratum fracture, an electric logging instrument, a suspension device and a logging signal acquisition device; wherein,
the container is filled with a solution with controllable mineralization degree;
the conductive film comprises a crack flushing belt simulation part, a crack invasion belt simulation part and an undisturbed crack simulation part, and a central hole which is convenient for the electric logging instrument to pass through is formed in the conductive film;
the conductive film is fixed in the container;
the electric logging instrument is connected with the suspension device, and the suspension device can drive the electric logging instrument to move up and down;
the logging signal acquisition device is electrically connected with the electric logging instrument;
the crack flushing band simulation part, the crack invasion band simulation part and the undisturbed crack simulation part are respectively nano silver conductive films with different conductivities and are spliced into a whole.
2. An experimental device for simulating an electrical logging response of a fracture of a subterranean formation according to claim 1, wherein the conductive film is disposed at any angle to the electrical logging instrument.
3. The apparatus for modeling an electrical logging response of a formation fracture of claim 1, wherein the conductive film comprises at least two sets.
4. The experimental setup for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture of claim 1, wherein the suspension device comprises a logging horse head, a logging cable, a crown block, a block fixture, a ground block, and a winch; wherein,
the device comprises a pulley fixing device, a well logging cable, a winch, a well logging signal acquisition device, a crown block, a ground pulley and a well logging cable, wherein the crown block and the ground pulley are respectively fixed through the pulley fixing device, one end of the well logging cable is connected with the well logging instrument through the well logging horse head, and the other end of the well logging cable sequentially bypasses the crown block and the winch to be connected with the well logging signal acquisition device.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition device comprises a surface acquisition unit electrically connected to the electrical logging instrument and a processing unit connected to the surface acquisition unit.
6. An experimental apparatus for simulating an electrical logging response of a fracture of a subterranean formation according to claim 1, wherein the conductive film is secured within the receptacle by a securing block.
7. The apparatus for simulating an electrical logging response of a fracture of a subterranean formation of claim 1, wherein the solution of controllable mineralization is a sodium chloride solution.
8. An experimental system for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture, comprising an experimental set-up according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7 and a post-processing module for analysing data obtained by said experimental set-up.
9. An experimental method of simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture, carried out using an experimental set-up according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s01, filling a solution with controllable mineralization degree into the container, so that the resistivity of the solution is equal to the resistivity of stratum bedrock;
s02, manufacturing a conductive film, wherein a crack flushing band simulation part, a crack invasion band simulation part and an undisturbed crack simulation part are spliced into a whole and have the same resistivity as a crack to be simulated;
s03, fixing the conductive film in the container, wherein the conductive film and the electric logging instrument are arranged at any included angle;
s04, connecting the electric logging instrument with a logging signal acquisition device through a suspension device;
s05, controlling the electric logging instrument to be located at a preset position in the container through the suspension device, supplying power to the electric logging instrument through the logging signal acquisition device, and acquiring and recording and storing current generated by the electric logging instrument in the solution through the signal acquisition device.
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