CN114076663A - Vibration test device and vibration test method for rotating blade - Google Patents
Vibration test device and vibration test method for rotating blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN114076663A CN114076663A CN202010807106.8A CN202010807106A CN114076663A CN 114076663 A CN114076663 A CN 114076663A CN 202010807106 A CN202010807106 A CN 202010807106A CN 114076663 A CN114076663 A CN 114076663A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
Abstract
The invention provides a vibration test device and a vibration test method for a rotating blade. The vibration test apparatus includes: the device comprises a rotating device, an electromagnetic excitation device and a vibration measuring device; wherein the above-mentioned rotary device includes: the blade measuring device comprises a rotating shaft, a driving device for driving the rotating shaft to rotate and a sliding bearing for supporting the rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft drives a blade to be measured to rotate, and the rotating shaft can axially move on the sliding bearing; the electromagnetic excitation device enables the rotating shaft to reciprocate in the axial direction to form axial vibration, and the axial vibration of the rotating shaft pushes the measured blade to form axial vibration; the vibration measuring device monitors the vibration characteristics of the blade to be measured in a rotating state. According to the vibration test device and method provided by the invention, high-cycle load and low-cycle load can be simultaneously applied to the tested blade, so that the vibration characteristics and fatigue test research of the blade under the high-cycle and low-cycle composite load can be effectively carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of aircraft engines, in particular to a performance test of rotor leaves in an aircraft engine.
Background
The blades are key parts of the aircraft engine, have great influence on the overall performance, particularly the safety and the reliability of the engine, the number of rotor blades is large, the frequency distribution range is wide (from 50Hz to 3500 Hz), the working condition is severe, the centrifugal load born by the high-speed rotation is large, the tip speed is high (for example, the tip speed of the rotor blade of the high-pressure compressor can reach 460-470 m/s), and the high-pressure compressor rotor blade is in a complex working environment of multi-field coupling such as an airflow field, a pressure field, a sound field, a temperature field and the like, so that the static and dynamic stress levels are high, high-cycle fatigue cracks and even breakage are easily generated due to vibration to cause serious accidents. According to statistics, the blade vibration fault accounts for about one third of the structural faults of the aircraft engine, and most of the blade faults such as cracks, breakage and the like are caused by blade vibration. Therefore, the design of the blade and the accurate acquisition of the test data are of great importance.
At present, vibration characteristics and fatigue performance of aeroengine blades are obtained in a static state when various domestic colleges and places test the aeroengine blades, the blades are subjected to great centrifugal force in the actual working process, and the characteristics of the blades are greatly different from those of the blades in the static state, such as inherent frequency, damping, stress distribution, fatigue life and the like. The rotating shaft of the rotating blade is excited by a non-contact vibration exciter, but the maximum thrust of the non-contact vibration exciter is limited below 200N due to the self limiting factor of the non-contact vibration exciter, and the excitation frequency is within 300Hz, so the non-contact excitation can only carry out the vibration characteristic test of the low-frequency blade of the engine. Much research has been carried out in foreign countries on the characteristics and the service life of the blades in the rotating state, and a method adopted in foreign countries at present is to apply a load to the blades in the rotating state by exciting the nozzles with gas or liquid, and the method has some problems although vibration excitation of the blades in the rotating state is realized. On one hand, the load output is unstable, and the standard sinusoidal load cannot be output; on the other hand, the rotating speed of the blade cannot be set to be the actual working rotating speed due to the frequency modulation requirement of the blade, and the rotating speed is influenced by gas or oil excitation, so that the rotating speed control precision is poor.
In view of the above, there is a need for a vibration testing apparatus and a vibration testing method for a rotary blade, which can stably control a rotation speed and accurately apply a vibration load in a rotation state of the blade, so as to solve the problem that the blade cannot receive a centrifugal load due to the fact that a vibration table is mostly adopted when the blade vibration characteristic and the vibration fatigue test are carried out in the prior art at home at present, and solve the problem that the rotation speed and the vibration load are difficult to control due to the mutual influence between the gas excitation or the oil excitation of the rotary blade and the rotation speed of the blade, which are developed abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
As described above, in order to solve the problem that in the prior art, when a blade vibration characteristic and fatigue test is performed, the rotation and vibration conditions of the blade in a working state cannot be simulated, so that a controllable vibration characteristic and vibration fatigue test of the blade in a rotating state cannot be accurately performed, an aspect of the present invention provides a vibration test apparatus for a rotating blade, which specifically includes: the device comprises a rotating device, an electromagnetic excitation device and a vibration measuring device; wherein
The above-mentioned rotary device includes: the blade measuring device comprises a rotating shaft, a driving device for driving the rotating shaft to rotate and a sliding bearing for supporting the rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft drives a blade to be measured to rotate, and the rotating shaft can axially move on the sliding bearing;
the electromagnetic excitation device enables the rotating shaft to reciprocate in the axial direction to form axial vibration, and the axial vibration of the rotating shaft pushes the measured blade to form axial vibration;
the vibration measuring device monitors the vibration characteristics of the blade to be measured in a rotating state.
According to the vibration test device provided by the invention, the rotating shaft for driving the blades to rotate is excited to carry out non-contact excitation on the rotating blades, so that the state of the blades in a normal working state is simulated, and the vibration characteristics and fatigue test research of the blades under high and low cycle compound loads can be accurately carried out.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the electromagnetic excitation device includes: the magnetic cylinder comprises a driving coil, a magnet exciting coil and a magnetic cylinder; wherein
The exciting coil is electrified with direct current to form a constant magnetic field in the magnetic cylinder;
the driving coil is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and the driving coil is subjected to alternating force of the constant magnetic field after alternating current is introduced to drive the rotating shaft to reciprocate in the axial direction.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the driving coil, the exciting coil, and the magnetic cylinder are configured to: producing an alternating force of 2-6 tons newtons.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the exciting coil and the magnetic cylinder are configured to: forming a constant magnetic field with the magnetic induction intensity of 2-6 Tesla.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the length of the driving coil is 50-150 m; and/or
The current of the alternating current led into the driving coil is 50-150 amperes.
Because the tested blade is a key part for an aviation transmitter and bears stress far larger than that of a general application occasion in a working state, in the embodiment, the thrust capable of accurately simulating the stress borne by the blade in a normal working state is generated by arranging a large-capacity magnetic field, arranging a proper driving coil length and a proper driving coil current, so that the vibration characteristics and fatigue test research of the blade under high and low cycle composite loads can be accurately carried out.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, the drive coil may be wound around the rotating shaft, the excitation coil may surround the drive coil and the rotating shaft in a circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, and the cylinder may surround the excitation coil, the drive coil, and the rotating shaft.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, a circumferential groove is disposed on a surface of the rotating shaft, and the driving coil is fixedly disposed in the circumferential groove.
By fixedly winding the driving coil on the rotating shaft, and enabling the exciting coil to circumferentially surround the driving coil and the rotating shaft, and enabling the magnetic cylinder to surround the exciting coil, the driving coil and the rotating shaft, the alternating force along the axial direction of the rotating shaft can be generated by utilizing the principle of electromagnetic induction, and therefore the axial vibration of the blade can be caused.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the exciting coil further includes: two groups of excitation coils are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the polarities of direct currents introduced into the two groups of excitation coils are opposite.
By arranging the oppositely arranged excitation coils, the formation of a constant magnetic field can be ensured.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the magnetic cylinder is connected to the rotating shaft by a labyrinth.
By arranging the grid teeth, the leakage of the magnetic field can be effectively reduced.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the vibration testing apparatus further includes: a vibration control device; wherein
The vibration control device outputs a vibration signal to the electromagnetic excitation device to control a vibration characteristic of the rotary shaft.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the vibration measuring apparatus feeds back the monitored vibration characteristic of the measured blade in a rotating state to the vibration control apparatus to form a closed-loop control.
Through setting up independent vibration controlling means, can realize the structure of blade rotational speed and vibration loading decoupling zero to make blade rotation and vibration homoenergetic independent control, each other do not influence, improve the accuracy nature of control. Meanwhile, the vibration characteristics measured by the vibration measuring device are fed back to the vibration control device, so that closed-loop control of vibration can be formed, and accurate control of vibration load can be further realized.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the vibration testing apparatus further includes: a rotational speed sensor; wherein
The rotation speed sensor monitors the rotation speed of the rotating shaft and feeds the rotation speed of the rotating shaft back to the driving device to form closed-loop control.
The rotating device can independently control the rotating speed of the blades, and the rotating speed sensor is arranged and feeds the rotating speed measured by the rotating speed sensor back to the driving device, so that closed-loop control of the rotating speed can be formed, and the accurate control of the rotating speed of the blades can be realized.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the vibration testing apparatus further includes: a rotary oscillating mirror and a laser sensor; wherein
The rotation speed sensor also feeds back the rotation speed of the rotating shaft to the rotating swing mirror so as to enable the rotation speed of the rotating swing mirror to be consistent with the rotation speed of the rotating shaft.
The rotating speed of the rotary swing mirror is consistent with that of the rotating shaft, so that the laser emitted by the laser sensor can be kept static relative to the rotating blade, the vibration characteristic of the blade can be accurately measured, and the vibration of the blade is subjected to closed-loop control.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the rotating device further includes: an elastic coupling; wherein
The elastic coupling connects the driving device and the rotating shaft.
In the above embodiment, the elastic coupling is provided between the rotating shaft and the driving device, so that the axial vibration of the rotating shaft can be effectively offset, the axial vibration of the rotating shaft is prevented from being transmitted to the driving device, and the driving device is prevented from being damaged.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the driving apparatus further includes: a rotating electrical machine and a gearbox; wherein
The rotating motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the gear box;
the elastic coupling connects the gear box and the rotating shaft.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, optionally, the rotating device further includes: a wheel disc mounted on the rotating shaft; wherein
The blade to be measured is mounted on the rotary shaft via the disk.
Another aspect of the present invention also provides a vibration testing method of a rotary blade, wherein the vibration testing is performed on the vibration testing apparatus of a rotary blade as described in any one of the above embodiments, the vibration testing method including:
installing the blade to be measured on the rotating shaft;
rotating the rotating shaft at a preset rotating speed to drive the blade to be measured to rotate at the preset rotating speed;
axially vibrating the rotating shaft at a preset frequency to push the blade to be tested to axially vibrate at the preset frequency; and
monitoring the vibration characteristics of the blade to be tested to perform a fatigue test of the blade to be tested under the condition that the blade to be tested rotates at the preset rotating speed and axially vibrates at the preset frequency until the blade to be tested exceeds the cycle life required to be examined or the blade to be tested is damaged; wherein
And judging whether the detected blade is damaged or not according to the monitored vibration characteristics of the detected blade.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing method, optionally, the vibration testing method further includes:
monitoring the rotating speed of the rotating shaft; and
and closed-loop controlling the rotating speed of the rotating shaft based on the monitored rotating speed of the rotating shaft.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing method, optionally, the monitoring the vibration characteristics of the blade to be tested further includes:
monitoring at least the vibration frequency of the blade to be tested;
the vibration test method further comprises:
and controlling the axial vibration frequency of the rotating shaft in a closed loop mode based on the monitored vibration frequency of the detected blade.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing method, optionally, the predetermined frequency is a frequency other than a natural frequency of the rotating shaft.
Through adjusting the preset frequency, the preset frequency is enabled to avoid the natural frequency of the rotating shaft, so that the resonance of the rotating shaft can be avoided, and the loss of the rotating shaft is reduced.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing method, optionally, the preset frequency is a natural frequency of the blade to be tested.
The preset frequency is adjusted to be the natural frequency of the blade to be tested, so that the resonance of the blade to be tested can be caused, and the process of the blade fatigue test can be accelerated.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing method, optionally, the determining whether the tested blade is damaged further includes:
monitoring whether the vibration frequency of the detected blade deviates from the preset frequency; wherein
And judging that the blade to be detected is damaged in response to the deviation of the vibration frequency of the blade to be detected from the preset frequency.
According to the vibration test device and the vibration test method of the rotating blade provided by the invention, high-cycle load and low-cycle load can be simultaneously applied to the blade to be tested, so that the test research on the vibration characteristic and the vibration service life of the blade under the high-cycle and low-cycle composite load can be accurately carried out. The problem of at present domestic prior art adopt the shaking table mostly when carrying out blade vibration characteristic and vibration fatigue test, the blade can't receive centrifugal load is solved to can solve the rotating vane gas excitation or the mutual influence of oil excitation and blade rotational speed of foreign development, rotational speed and vibration load are difficult to control is solved.
Drawings
The above features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood upon reading the detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure in conjunction with the following drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components having similar relative characteristics or features may have the same or similar reference numerals.
Fig. 1 illustrates a partial three-dimensional structural view of a vibration testing apparatus of a rotary blade according to an aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic structural view of a vibration testing apparatus of a rotary blade according to an aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged detail of the electromagnetic excitation device included in the broken line frame in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 illustrates a control schematic diagram of a vibration testing apparatus of a rotary blade provided according to an aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of one embodiment of a fatigue test in a method of vibration testing of a rotating blade provided in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 6 shows a specific flow chart of the fatigue test as shown in fig. 5.
Reference numerals
101 electric machine
102 coupling
103 gear box
104 elastic coupling
105 sliding bearing
106 electromagnetic excitation device
1061 magnetic cylinder
1062 field coil
1063 drive coil
1064 comb tooth
1065 magnetic force lines
107 sliding bearing
108 rotating shaft
109 wheel disc
110 blade to be tested
111 rotary swing mirror
112 laser sensor
113 vibration control device
1131 power amplifier
114 revolution speed transducer
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention and is incorporated in the context of a particular application. Various modifications, as well as various uses in different applications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to a wide range of embodiments. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the practice of the invention may not necessarily be limited to these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with this specification and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference. All the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Note that where used, the designations left, right, front, back, top, bottom, positive, negative, clockwise, and counterclockwise are used for convenience only and do not imply any particular fixed orientation. In fact, they are used to reflect the relative position and/or orientation between the various parts of the object. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It is noted that, where used, further, preferably, still further and more preferably is a brief introduction to the exposition of the alternative embodiment on the basis of the preceding embodiment, the contents of the further, preferably, still further or more preferably back band being combined with the preceding embodiment as a complete constituent of the alternative embodiment. Several further, preferred, still further or more preferred arrangements of the belt after the same embodiment may be combined in any combination to form a further embodiment.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. It is noted that the aspects described below in connection with the figures and the specific embodiments are only exemplary and should not be construed as imposing any limitation on the scope of the present invention.
As described above, in order to solve the problem that in the prior art, when a blade vibration characteristic and fatigue test is performed, the rotation and vibration conditions of the blade in a working state cannot be simulated, so that a controllable vibration characteristic and vibration fatigue test of the blade in a rotating state cannot be accurately performed, an aspect of the present invention provides a vibration test apparatus for a rotating blade, which specifically includes: the device comprises a rotating device, an electromagnetic excitation device and a vibration measuring device. Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a rotating device and an electromagnetic excitation device in the vibration testing apparatus.
As shown in fig. 1, in the vibration testing apparatus described above, the rotating means includes: a rotary shaft 108, a driving device for driving the rotary shaft 108 to rotate, and slide bearings 105, 107 for supporting the rotary shaft 108. The rotating shaft 108 drives the blade 110 to be measured to rotate, and the rotating shaft 108 can axially move on the sliding bearings 105 and 107. The electromagnetic excitation device 106 causes the rotating shaft 108 to reciprocate in the axial direction to form axial vibration, and the axial vibration of the rotating shaft 108 pushes the blade 110 to be measured to form axial vibration.
According to the vibration test device provided by the invention, the rotating shaft for driving the blades to rotate is excited to carry out non-contact excitation on the rotating blades, so that the state of the blades in a normal working state is simulated, and the vibration characteristics and fatigue test research of the blades under high and low cycle compound loads can be accurately carried out.
In the above-described embodiment, the rotating apparatus further includes a disk 109 mounted on the rotating shaft 108, and the blade 110 to be measured is mounted on the rotating shaft 108 through the disk 109 so as to be able to maintain the same rotational speed and the same axial vibration as the rotating shaft 108.
In the above described embodiments, the plain bearings 105, 107 take the radial load of the rotating shaft 108 and allow the axial displacement of the rotating shaft 108, thereby providing a hardware possibility for the axial vibration of the rotating shaft 108.
Fig. 2 shows a front view of the vibration testing apparatus. Please refer to fig. 2 to understand a seismic surveying device provided by an aspect of the present invention. The vibration measuring device specifically comprises a rotary oscillating mirror 111 and a laser sensor 112. The vibration of the blade under test is tested by the rotating oscillating mirror 111 and the laser sensor 112. The rotary oscillating mirror 111 refracts laser light emitted by a laser head of the laser sensor 112 to a certain angle and strikes the specified position of the measured blade, so that the vibration characteristic of the measured blade can be measured through the laser sensor 112, and the vibration fatigue test of the measured blade can be carried out based on the vibration characteristic of the measured blade.
It is understood that the vibration characteristics and the vibration fatigue test of the measured blade refer to tests performed to obtain vibration parameters of the measured blade, such as frequency, damping, vibration mode, and life. In the above-described embodiment, in order to measure the vibration characteristics at the designated position of the blade to be measured, it is necessary to ensure that the laser beam is maintained at a stable position, which means that it is necessary to ensure that the rotation speed of the rotary oscillating mirror is consistent with the rotation speed of the blade to be measured. Further, in a preferred embodiment, in order to keep the rotation speed of the rotating swing mirror 111 consistent with the rotation speed of the blade to be tested, the vibration testing apparatus further includes a rotation speed sensor for monitoring the rotation speed of the rotating shaft, and a rotation speed signal of the rotating shaft acquired by the rotation speed sensor is input to the rotating swing mirror, so that the rotating swing mirror, the rotating shaft and the blade to be tested have the same rotation speed, the laser is kept stationary relative to the blade to be tested, and the vibration characteristics and the vibration fatigue test of the blade to be tested can be smoothly performed.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a specific structure of the electromagnetic excitation device 106 included in the broken line frame in fig. 2. As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment, the electromagnetic excitation device 106 specifically includes: a drive coil 1063, an excitation coil 1062, and a cylinder 1061. The excitation coil 1062 is energized with direct current to form a constant magnetic field in the magnetic cylinder 1061, the driving coil 1063 is fixedly disposed on the rotating shaft 108, and the driving coil 1063 is energized with alternating current to receive an alternating force of the constant magnetic field to drive the rotating shaft 108 to reciprocate in the axial direction.
As described above, the working environment of the blade for the aircraft engine is very complex, and the stress is much higher than that of the general blade, so that the normal working environment of the blade needs to be simulated to ensure that the relevant test of the blade is reliable. Thus, in one embodiment, the drive coil 1063, the field coil 1062, and the cylinder 1061 are configured to generate an alternating force of 2-6 tons newtons. That is, it was simulated that the blade being tested was pushed by a thrust of 2-6 tons newton to create vibration.
In the above embodiment, in order to generate an alternating force of 2 to 6 ton newtons, the exciting coil 1062 and the cylinder 1061 are configured to form a constant magnetic field having a magnetic induction of 2 to 6 tesla. The length of the driving coil 1063 is set to 50-150 m. The alternating current passed through the driving coil 1063 has a current of 50 to 150 amperes.
In one embodiment, the exciting coil 1062 and the cylinder 1061 are configured to form a constant magnetic field with a magnetic induction of 5 tesla, the length of the driving coil 1063 is set to be 100 meters, and the current of the alternating current flowing through the driving coil 1063 is 100 amperes, so as to form a vibration alternating force of 50000 newtons.
Because the tested blade is a key part for an aviation transmitter and bears stress far larger than that of a general application occasion in a working state, in the embodiment, the thrust capable of accurately simulating the stress borne by the blade in a normal working state is generated by arranging a large-capacity magnetic field, arranging a proper driving coil length and a proper driving coil current, so that the vibration characteristic and fatigue test research of the blade under high and low cycle composite loads can be accurately carried out.
In the above-described embodiment, as illustrated in fig. 3, the driving coil 1063 is wound around the rotation shaft, the exciting coil 1062 surrounds the driving coil 1063 and the rotation shaft 108 in the circumferential direction of the rotation shaft 108, and the cylinder 1061 surrounds the exciting coil 1062, the driving coil 1063, and the rotation shaft 108.
In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the rotating shaft 108 is provided with a circumferential groove, and the driving coil 1063 is fixedly disposed within the circumferential groove. That is, in this preferred embodiment, the outer diameter of the driving coil 1063 is kept identical to the outer diameter of the rotary shaft 108, so that the installation of the entire vibration testing apparatus can be facilitated.
By fixedly winding the driving coil on the rotating shaft, and enabling the exciting coil to circumferentially surround the driving coil and the rotating shaft, and enabling the magnetic cylinder to surround the exciting coil, the driving coil and the rotating shaft, the alternating force along the axial direction of the rotating shaft can be generated by utilizing the principle of electromagnetic induction, and therefore the axial vibration of the blade can be caused.
In the above-described embodiment, the exciting coil 1062 further includes: two groups of excitation coils are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 108, and the polarities of direct currents introduced into the two groups of excitation coils are opposite. Therefore, the formation of a constant magnetic field can be ensured by arranging the oppositely-installed magnet exciting coils. As shown in fig. 3, the lines 1065 of the constant magnetic field formed in the cylinder 1061 by the pair of oppositely disposed excitation coils 1062 are shown as straight lines with cusps in fig. 3. It can be understood that, according to the relevant electromagnetic principle, when the driving coil 1063 is energized with a current flowing along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, a force is generated to drive the driving coil 1063 and the rotating shaft 108 to move axially. After alternating current is introduced into the driving coil 1063, an alternating force which makes the rotating shaft 108 reciprocate axially can be generated, so that the blade to be tested can be pushed to vibrate axially.
In a preferred embodiment, a labyrinth 1064 is used to couple the cylinder 1061 to the shaft 108 as shown in FIG. 3. By providing the grid teeth 1064, the leakage of the magnetic field can be effectively reduced.
In an embodiment of the vibration testing apparatus, the vibration testing apparatus further includes a vibration control device for outputting a vibration signal to the electromagnetic excitation device to control a vibration characteristic of the rotating shaft. Specifically, the vibration control device outputs a vibration signal to the driving coil 1063, that is, outputs an alternating current with set parameters to the driving coil 1063, so as to generate a thrust related to the parameters related to the alternating current, thereby affecting the vibration characteristics of the blade to be measured. Specifically, the generation of the vibration signal can be realized by an existing or future vibration control device by those skilled in the art, and will not be described herein again. The vibration signals may include standard sinusoidal excitation, random excitation, sinusoidal plus sinusoidal, sinusoidal plus random, random plus random, etc. which are amplified by a power amplifier and then input into the driving coil 1063 to drive the blade 110 to be measured on the rotating shaft 108 to vibrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the vibration measuring device feeds back the monitored vibration characteristics of the measured blade in a rotating state to the vibration control device to form closed-loop control, so as to realize accurate control of the relevant vibration parameters of the measured blade. Through tests, on one hand, the test frequency error of the vibration test device for the rotary blade is less than or equal to +/-0.05 Hz, the distortion factor is less than or equal to 0.3%, the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to 60dB, and the amplitude value control error is less than or equal to 1%, namely, the vibration test device for the rotary blade can be used for carrying out vibration tests of the rotary blade accurately.
Through setting up independent vibration controlling means, can realize the structure of blade rotational speed and vibration loading decoupling zero to make blade rotation and vibration homoenergetic independent control, each other do not influence, improve the accuracy nature of control. Meanwhile, the vibration characteristics measured by the vibration measuring device are fed back to the vibration control device, so that closed-loop control of vibration can be formed, and accurate control of vibration load can be further realized.
As can be seen in fig. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment, the rotating means further comprises: an elastomeric coupling 104. The elastic coupling 104 connects the driving means and the rotary shaft 108. By providing the elastic coupling 104 between the rotary shaft 108 and the driving device, axial vibration of the rotary shaft 108 can be effectively cancelled, and the axial vibration of the rotary shaft 108 is prevented from being transmitted to the driving device, thereby preventing the driving device from being damaged.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment, the driving device further includes: a rotating electrical machine 101 and a gearbox 103. In which the rotary motor 101 drives the rotary shaft 108 to rotate through the gear box 103. The elastic coupling 104 connects the gear box 103 and the rotary shaft 108. Preferably, a coupling 102 is further provided between the rotating electrical machine 101 and the gear box 103.
As described above, an aspect of the present invention provides the vibration testing apparatus further comprising a rotation speed sensor. The rotation speed sensor monitors the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 108 and feeds back the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 108 to the driving device to form closed-loop control. In one embodiment, a rotational speed sensor feeds back the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 108 to the rotating electrical machine 101. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may implement the above-described speed sensor using existing or future technologies, including but not limited to speed encoders.
The rotating device can independently control the rotating speed of the blades, and the rotating speed sensor is arranged and feeds the rotating speed measured by the rotating speed sensor back to the driving device, so that closed-loop control of the rotating speed can be formed, and the accurate control of the rotating speed of the blades can be realized. According to the rotating device provided by the invention, the error of the rotating speed can be controlled to be less than or equal to 0.5 per thousand.
According to the vibration test device of the rotating blade provided by the invention, the decoupling and independent control of the rotating speed and the vibration loading of the blade can be realized, and the rotation and the vibration are not influenced by each other. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a control schematic diagram illustrating a vibration testing apparatus of a rotary blade according to an aspect of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 4, the control of the rotation speed of the blade 110 to be measured is realized by adjusting the motor 101 and the gear box 103. In addition, the rotation speed sensor 114 is arranged, and the monitored rotation speed is fed back to the motor 101 to realize closed-loop control of the rotation speed, so that the rotation speed error can be accurately controlled to be less than or equal to 0.5 per thousand.
As shown in fig. 4, the control of the vibration load of the blade 110 to be measured is realized by controlling the driving coil 1063 by the vibration control device 113 via the power amplifier 1131. The related vibration characteristics of the blade 110 to be tested are fed back to the vibration control device 113 through the rotary oscillating mirror 111 and the laser sensor 112, so that the closed-loop control of the vibration load is realized, the frequency error can be accurately controlled to be less than or equal to +/-0.05 Hz, the distortion factor is less than or equal to 0.3%, the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than or equal to 60dB, and the amplitude control error is less than or equal to 1%. The vibration load of the loaded blade is large enough (the excitation magnetic induction can reach 5 tesla, the maximum current I of the driving coil is 100A, the length L of the coil is 100m, and the thrust F is 50000N), so that the actual working environment of the blade can be simulated, and the blade vibration fatigue test in the rotating state can be implemented.
In addition, the rotation speed information obtained by the rotation speed sensor 114 is also fed back to the rotating pendulum mirror 111 in the vibration measuring device, so that the rotating pendulum mirror 111, the laser beam reflected by the rotating pendulum mirror 111, and the blade 110 to be measured are kept stationary, and the vibration characteristics of the blade 110 to be measured can be tested.
The testing device provided by the invention can be used for researching the high cycle fatigue life of the blade in a rotating state; the method can be used for carrying out the vibration characteristic research of the blade under the high and low cycle composite load; and can be used for developing the research on the vibration damping characteristics of the blade damping block.
In another aspect of the present invention, a vibration testing method for a rotating blade is provided, where the vibration testing method is performed on a vibration testing apparatus for a rotating blade as described in any one of the embodiments, please refer to fig. 5, and fig. 5 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a fatigue test in the vibration testing method for a rotating blade according to an aspect of the present invention. As illustrated in fig. 5, a vibration testing method provided by an aspect of the present invention includes a step S110 of: installing the blade to be measured on the rotating shaft; step S120: rotating the rotating shaft at a preset rotating speed to drive the blade to be detected to rotate at the preset rotating speed; step S130: the rotating shaft is made to axially vibrate at a preset frequency so as to push the tested blade to axially vibrate at the preset frequency; and step S140: monitoring the vibration characteristic of the measured blade to perform a fatigue test of the measured blade under the condition that the measured blade rotates at a preset rotating speed and axially vibrates at a preset frequency until the measured blade exceeds the cycle life to be examined or the measured blade is damaged; wherein whether the blade is damaged or not is judged through the monitored vibration characteristics of the blade.
Specifically, the vibration test method provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: monitoring the rotating speed of the rotating shaft; and closed-loop controlling the rotation speed of the rotating shaft based on the monitored rotation speed of the rotating shaft.
In the above embodiment, monitoring the vibration characteristics of the blade under test further comprises: monitoring at least the vibration frequency of the blade under test; the vibration test method further comprises: and controlling the axial vibration frequency of the rotating shaft in a closed loop mode based on the monitored vibration frequency of the blade to be detected.
In one embodiment, the predetermined frequency is a frequency other than the natural frequency of the rotating shaft. Through adjusting the preset frequency, the preset frequency is enabled to avoid the natural frequency of the rotating shaft, so that the resonance of the rotating shaft can be avoided, and the loss of the rotating shaft is reduced.
In one embodiment, the predetermined frequency is the natural frequency of the blade being measured. The preset frequency is adjusted to be the natural frequency of the blade to be tested, so that the resonance of the blade to be tested can be caused, and the process of the blade fatigue test can be accelerated.
It can be understood that the vibration test method provided by the invention can also test the vibration characteristics of the tested blade at a plurality of different preset frequencies, and is not limited to the fatigue test performed by using the natural frequency of the blade.
In one embodiment, determining whether the blade under test is damaged further comprises: monitoring whether the vibration frequency of the blade to be detected deviates from a preset frequency; and judging that the blade to be detected is damaged in response to the vibration frequency of the blade to be detected deviating from the preset frequency. The degree of deviation can be set by the person skilled in the art as a condition for determining whether the blade under test has been damaged.
Fig. 6 shows a specific flow chart of the fatigue test as shown in fig. 5. Namely, the vibration fatigue test flowchart of the test apparatus described above. As shown in fig. 6, the fatigue test method includes step S210: firstly, designing and processing the blade switching section and configuration; step S220: the assembly and the dynamic balance of the test piece, the switching section and the balancing weight are completed; step S230: building and debugging a laser vibration measurement system, specifically, completing the installation and alignment of a rotary pendulum mirror and debugging a laser vibration meter signal; step S240: starting systems such as a motor, an excitation and vibration controller, a power amplifier and the like; step S250: gradually modulating the rotating speed of the motor to a specified value, and simultaneously monitoring the vibration values of the rotating shaft and the blades; step S260: the vibration control instrument gives out a standard vibration signal to drive the blade to vibrate; step S270: formal testing of blade fatigue; and step S280: and (4) the blade goes out or the frequency is reduced to a given value, and the test is finished.
According to the vibration test device and the vibration test method of the rotating blade provided by the invention, high-cycle load and low-cycle load can be simultaneously applied to the blade to be tested, so that the test research on the vibration characteristic and the vibration service life of the blade under the high-cycle and low-cycle composite load can be accurately carried out. The problem of at present domestic prior art adopt the shaking table mostly when carrying out blade vibration characteristic and vibration fatigue test, the blade can't receive centrifugal load is solved to can solve the rotating vane gas excitation or the mutual influence of oil excitation and blade rotational speed of foreign development, rotational speed and vibration load are difficult to control is solved.
Thus far, embodiments of a vibration testing apparatus and a vibration testing method of a rotary blade have been described. Although the present disclosure has been described with respect to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense.
It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, in the foregoing detailed description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.
Reference in the specification to one embodiment or an embodiment is intended to include within at least one embodiment of a circuit or method a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment. The appearances of the phrase one embodiment in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Claims (22)
1. A vibration testing device of a rotary blade, comprising: the device comprises a rotating device, an electromagnetic excitation device and a vibration measuring device; wherein
The rotating device includes: the device comprises a rotating shaft, a driving device for driving the rotating shaft to rotate and a sliding bearing for supporting the rotating shaft, wherein the rotating shaft drives a blade to be detected to rotate, and the rotating shaft can axially move on the sliding bearing;
the electromagnetic excitation device enables the rotating shaft to reciprocate in the axial direction to form axial vibration, and the axial vibration of the rotating shaft pushes the measured blade to form axial vibration;
the vibration measuring device monitors the vibration characteristics of the measured blade in a rotating state.
2. A vibration testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic excitation device comprises: the magnetic cylinder comprises a driving coil, a magnet exciting coil and a magnetic cylinder; wherein
After the excitation coil is electrified with direct current, a constant magnetic field is formed in the magnetic cylinder;
the driving coil is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, and alternating force of the constant magnetic field is applied to the driving coil after alternating current is introduced into the driving coil so as to drive the rotating shaft to move in a reciprocating mode in the axial direction.
3. A vibration testing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said drive coil, said exciting coil and said magnetic cylinder are configured to: producing an alternating force of 2-6 tons newtons.
4. The vibration testing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the excitation coil and the cylinder are configured to: forming a constant magnetic field with the magnetic induction intensity of 2-6 Tesla.
5. A vibration testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said drive coil has a length of 50-150 meters; and/or
The current of the alternating current led into the driving coil is 50-150 amperes.
6. A vibration testing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said drive coil is wound around said rotary shaft, said exciting coil surrounds said drive coil and said rotary shaft in a circumferential direction of said rotary shaft, and said cylinder surrounds said exciting coil, said drive coil, and said rotary shaft.
7. A vibration testing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a surface of said rotating shaft is provided with a circumferential groove, and said driving coil is fixedly disposed in said circumferential groove.
8. The vibration testing apparatus of claim 6, wherein the exciting coil further comprises: two groups of excitation coils are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the polarities of direct currents introduced into the two groups of excitation coils are opposite.
9. A vibration testing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said magnetic cylinder is connected to said rotating shaft by a labyrinth.
10. The vibration testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a vibration control device; wherein
The vibration control device outputs a vibration signal to the electromagnetic excitation device to control the vibration characteristic of the rotating shaft.
11. The vibration testing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the vibration measuring means feeds back the monitored vibration characteristics of the blade under test in a rotating state to the vibration control means to form a closed-loop control.
12. The vibration testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a rotational speed sensor; wherein
The rotating speed sensor monitors the rotating speed of the rotating shaft and feeds the rotating speed of the rotating shaft back to the driving device to form closed-loop control.
13. A vibration testing apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said vibration measuring apparatus further comprises: a rotary oscillating mirror and a laser sensor; wherein
The rotating speed sensor also feeds back the rotating speed of the rotating shaft to the rotating swing mirror so as to enable the rotating speed of the rotating swing mirror to be consistent with the rotating speed of the rotating shaft.
14. The vibration testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein said rotating means further comprises: an elastic coupling; wherein
The elastic coupling connects the driving device and the rotating shaft.
15. A vibration testing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said driving means further comprises: a rotating electrical machine and a gearbox; wherein
The rotating motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the gear box;
the elastic coupling is connected with the gear box and the rotating shaft.
16. The vibration testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein said rotating means further comprises: a wheel disc mounted on the rotating shaft; wherein
The blade to be measured is mounted on the rotating shaft through the wheel disc.
17. A vibration testing method of a rotary blade, characterized in that the vibration test is performed on a vibration testing apparatus of a rotary blade according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the vibration testing method comprises:
installing the blade to be measured on the rotating shaft;
enabling the rotating shaft to rotate at a preset rotating speed so as to drive the blade to be detected to rotate at the preset rotating speed;
axially vibrating the rotating shaft at a preset frequency to push the blade to be tested to axially vibrate at the preset frequency; and
under the condition that the measured blade rotates at the preset rotating speed and axially vibrates at the preset frequency, monitoring the vibration characteristic of the measured blade to perform a fatigue test on the measured blade until the measured blade exceeds the cycle life required to be examined or the measured blade is damaged; wherein
And judging whether the tested blade is damaged or not through the monitored vibration characteristics of the tested blade.
18. The vibration testing method of claim 17, further comprising:
monitoring the rotational speed of the rotating shaft; and
closed-loop controlling the rotational speed of the rotating shaft based on the monitored rotational speed of the rotating shaft.
19. A vibration testing method as defined in claim 17 wherein monitoring vibration characteristics of said blade under test further comprises:
monitoring at least the vibration frequency of the blade under test;
the vibration test method further comprises:
closed-loop controlling an axial vibration frequency of the rotating shaft based on the monitored vibration frequency of the blade under test.
20. A vibration testing method according to claim 17, wherein said predetermined frequency is a frequency other than a natural frequency of said rotating shaft.
21. A vibration testing method according to claim 20, wherein said predetermined frequency is a natural frequency of said blade under test.
22. A vibration testing method as defined in claim 21, wherein determining whether said blade under test is damaged further comprises:
monitoring whether the vibration frequency of the detected blade deviates from the preset frequency; wherein
And judging that the blade to be detected is damaged in response to the deviation of the vibration frequency of the blade to be detected from the preset frequency.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115452127A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12-09 | 日照市计量科学研究院 | Gear hobbing machine main shaft vibration laser testing device |
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