CN114075024A - System and method for treating sludge by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln - Google Patents
System and method for treating sludge by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln Download PDFInfo
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- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for treating various organic wastes such as sludge, kitchen waste and the like by adopting the cement kiln cooperative treatment of a combined anaerobic digestion technology, wherein the combined anaerobic digestion is adopted to carry out the combined treatment on various mixed organic wastes and sludge to generate methane and biogas residues; the biogas is used as fuel, power generation or natural gas purification, and biogas residues and biogas slurry enter subsequent utilization and treatment links. The system and the method realize harmless, stable, quantitative-reducing and resource treatment of various mixed organic wastes such as sludge, kitchen and kitchen garbage, biomass, excrement (including livestock and poultry), straw and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sludge and organic waste treatment, in particular to a system and a method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln waste heat.
Background
With the acceleration of the urbanization process in China and the rapid development of social economy, the yield of various organic wastes such as sludge, kitchen waste, biomass, excrement (including livestock and poultry), straw and the like is increased year by year, and the pressure on the ecological environment is increased more and more. For example, sludge is a byproduct in the sewage treatment process and mainly comes from a primary sedimentation tank and a secondary sedimentation tank of a sewage treatment plant. The sludge not only contains a large amount of organic matters, plant nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, but also contains a certain amount of pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals and refractory toxic and harmful substances. The sludge is extremely easy to cause serious secondary pollution to the environment due to improper treatment and disposal. Organic matters in the sludge are extremely easy to decay, so that stink is generated, and the surrounding environment is influenced; the leachate enters natural water or underground water through rainwater and underground infiltration to cause pollution, plant nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like easily cause water eutrophication, heavy metals and refractory toxic and harmful substances easily cause soil pollution, or the leachate enters a food chain along with a water source together with pathogenic microorganisms to directly harm human bodies and livestock health.
Kitchen and kitchen waste is one of important components of municipal domestic waste, is complex in composition, high in organic matter content, high in grease and salt content, easy to decay, deteriorate, ferment and smell, and easy to breed parasites, eggs, pathogenic microorganisms, mycotoxin and other harmful substances, and if leakage occurs in the collection and operation process, air, soil and water sources can be polluted, so that normal life of people is seriously interfered, and the municipal domestic waste has the characteristics of harmfulness, production of biomass energy sources such as methane and the like.
At present, most municipal sludge, kitchen and kitchen waste in China are transported along with production and sent to landfill or suburb for dumping or burning, so that the municipal sludge, the kitchen and kitchen waste become secondary pollution sources and cause pollution and harm to the atmosphere, water and soil. If not properly treated, the sewage treatment and the production of new and more serious pollution cause further environmental deterioration and are difficult to repair, and municipal sludge, kitchen and kitchen wastes contain a large amount of organic matters, so that the energy sources at wrong positions are sufficiently put away, and the system and the method for correctly treating and utilizing the municipal sludge, the kitchen and kitchen wastes and other various organic wastes can be really and simultaneously treated in a stabilizing, harmless, reducing and recycling manner.
As in the prior art one: the sludge is dehydrated after being added with a medicament to realize preliminary reduction, and then is directly pulled to be used for making bricks, a power plant or a cement plant for burning; as in the second prior art: the dewatered municipal sludge is continuously dried by an external heating source to realize further dewatering, if the temperature of a drying heat source is higher, preliminary stabilization and harmlessness can be realized, the dried sludge is sent to a brick making machine, a power plant or a cement plant for incineration, but organic matters in the sludge are valuable resources, the sludge is only burned once by the two technologies, and the resource utilization mode is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a system and a method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln waste heat, which solve the problems in the prior art, mix various organic wastes such as sludge, kitchen and kitchen wastes, biomass, excrement (including livestock and poultry), straws and the like for joint anaerobic digestion, utilize the characteristics of various organic wastes to complement each other to generate the synergistic effect of '1 +1 > 2', improve the yield of methane and realize the maximum utilization of organic waste resources; and secondly, the organic waste treatment and disposal are combined with the cement kiln, and the waste heat resource of the cement kiln is fully utilized as an external input energy source for anaerobic digestion, so that the primary energy consumption is reduced, and the treatment and disposal cost is reduced.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a system for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln waste heat comprises a pretreatment device, a cement kiln waste heat utilization device, an anaerobic digestion device, a biogas residue dehydration device, a biogas treatment device, a biogas residue treatment device and a biogas slurry treatment device; the pretreatment device comprises an organic waste pretreatment device, the organic waste pretreatment device is used for pretreating organic waste, a material outlet of the organic waste pretreatment device is connected with a material inlet of the anaerobic digestion device, and a methane outlet of the anaerobic digestion device is connected with a methane treatment device; a biogas residue outlet of the anaerobic digestion device is connected with a biogas residue inlet of a biogas residue dehydration device, and a biogas residue outlet of the biogas residue dehydration device is connected with a biogas residue treatment device; the biogas slurry outlet of the biogas residue dehydration device is connected with a biogas slurry disposal device; and a heat source inlet of the anaerobic digestion device is connected with a heat source outlet of the cement kiln waste heat utilization device, and the cement kiln waste heat utilization device provides waste heat resources of the cement kiln.
Further, the cement kiln waste heat utilization device comprises one or more of a cement kiln, a waste heat boiler, a preheater, a decomposing furnace and a grate cooler.
Further, the anaerobic digestion device is a normal-temperature anaerobic digestion device, a moderate-temperature anaerobic digestion device or a high-temperature anaerobic digestion device.
Further, the anaerobic digestion device is a wet anaerobic digestion device or a dry anaerobic digestion device.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln waste heat, which comprises the following steps:
s1, recovering waste heat, wherein a cement kiln waste heat utilization device provides waste heat resources of a cement kiln, and the waste heat resources are used as a heat source of an anaerobic digestion device and are used by the anaerobic digestion device;
s2, pretreating organic waste by utilizing an organic waste pretreatment device;
s3, anaerobic digestion, namely introducing the sludge and the pretreated organic waste into an anaerobic digestion device for anaerobic digestion treatment to obtain biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues; the heat source of the anaerobic digestion device is from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device;
s4, dehydrating the biogas residues, namely dehydrating and separating the biogas slurry and the biogas residues by using a biogas residue dehydration device to obtain the biogas slurry and dehydrated biogas residues;
and S5, respectively feeding the biogas, the biogas slurry and the dehydrated biogas residues into a biogas treatment device, a biogas slurry treatment device and a biogas residue treatment device.
Furthermore, the heating source of the biogas residue dehydration device is also from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device.
Further, the heat preservation heat source of the anaerobic digestion device is from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device and methane.
Further, the organic waste is one or more of kitchen and kitchen garbage, biomass, excrement and straw.
Further, the pretreatment of the organic waste comprises one or more of desalting and degreasing, sorting and separating, oil-water separating and organic matter extruding and grinding.
Further, the methane can be used as fuel for the cement kiln, used for generating power to supply to the cement kiln, or purified to obtain fuel gas.
Further, the waste heat resource is selected from one or more of kiln head smoke, kiln tail smoke, waste heat boiler steam, preheater smoke, decomposing furnace smoke, kiln tail smoke chamber smoke, tertiary air smoke, kiln head cover smoke, grate cooler smoke or rotary kiln cylinder heat.
Wherein, anaerobic digestion is a combined anaerobic digestion device, and anaerobic digestion refers to a process that organic matters in wastes are finally converted into methane and carbon dioxide through a series of biochemical reactions of facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria under an anaerobic condition. Anaerobic digestion can degrade organic matters in the waste, so that the stabilization and reduction of the organic waste are realized, and the operating cost of subsequent processes such as dehydration, drying, incineration and the like is reduced; meanwhile, pathogenic microorganisms are killed, so that harmlessness is realized; and generating methane which is used as energy source for recycling. The anaerobic digestion technology is divided into single-substrate anaerobic digestion and multi-substrate combined anaerobic digestion according to the types of substrates. The invention preferably adopts a combined anaerobic technology to carry out combined anaerobic digestion on the sludge and one or more of kitchen waste, biomass, excrement (including livestock and poultry), straw and other various organic wastes, the characteristics of the various organic wastes complement each other to generate a synergistic effect of '1 +1 > 2', so that the biogas yield is increased by more than 10%, and the resource utilization degree of the organic wastes is improved.
The organic waste dehydration and drying of the invention need to input heat sources, the heat resources of the cement kiln can be selected, and various waste heat resources such as kiln head smoke, kiln tail smoke, waste heat boiler steam, rotary kiln cylinder heat and the like of the cement kiln are preferably selected as the input heat sources for sludge drying and dehydration.
The heat preservation heat source of the anaerobic digestion device is provided by the cement kiln waste heat utilization device, so that the consumption of biogas in an anaerobic digestion project can be reduced, the net yield of the biogas is improved, the running cost of the anaerobic digestion is reduced, and the market competitiveness of a disposal project is improved.
The marsh gas obtained by the invention enters a marsh gas disposal device, can be used as fuel for a cement kiln to be directly combusted, can also be used for generating power to be supplied to the cement kiln to be directly used or to be networked, and can also be purified into natural gas to be supplied to natural gas users, city gas pipe networks or compressed natural gas to be used.
The biogas residue obtained by the invention enters a biogas residue dehydration device for mechanical dehydration, and the dehydrated biogas residue enters a biogas residue treatment device for direct fermentation composting and subsequent treatment such as drying.
The biogas slurry discharged by the biogas residue dehydration device enters the biogas slurry treatment device, can be used as liquid fertilizer, can also be used for water treatment, and is discharged after reaching the national standard.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the anaerobic digestion treatment is carried out on the sludge, the kitchen and other organic wastes, the energy contained in the organic matters is extracted, clean fuel methane is generated, the biogas residue can be fermented and composted after being dehydrated, and the resource treatment of the sludge, the kitchen and other organic wastes is realized.
2. The sludge and one or more of kitchen waste, biomass, excrement (including livestock and poultry), straw and other various organic wastes are subjected to combined anaerobic digestion, the characteristics of the various organic wastes complement each other to generate a synergistic effect of '1 +1 > 2', so that the biogas yield is increased by more than 10%, and the resource utilization degree of the organic wastes is improved.
3. Waste heat resources of the cement kiln are preferentially adopted as heat preservation heat sources for anaerobic digestion, and methane is not used as the heat preservation heat sources or the using amount of the methane is reduced, so that the net yield of the methane is increased, the running cost of the anaerobic digestion is reduced, and the market competitiveness of disposal engineering is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of sludge and organic waste treatment by anaerobic digestion in cooperation with cement kiln waste heat.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the system and method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion in cooperation with waste heat of cement kiln according to the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an apparatus is referred to as being "connected" to another apparatus, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other apparatus or intervening apparatus may also be present. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln waste heat comprises an anaerobic digestion device, a biogas residue dehydration device, a biogas residue utilization device, a biogas slurry utilization device and a cement kiln waste heat utilization device:
the organic waste pretreatment device is used for pretreating organic waste;
the anaerobic digestion device is used for mixing the pretreated organic waste with sludge to carry out anaerobic digestion reaction to obtain methane and wet methane slag;
the biogas residue dehydration device is used for dehydrating the wet biogas residue to obtain dry biogas residue and biogas slurry;
the biogas residue utilization device is used for directly fermenting and composting the biogas residue or performing subsequent treatment such as drying and the like;
the methane utilization device is used for taking methane as fuel of the cement kiln, or generating electricity to supply the electricity to the cement kiln for direct use or surfing the internet, or purifying the methane into natural gas to supply natural gas users and an urban gas pipe network, or making the methane into compressed natural gas for use;
the biogas slurry utilization device is used for preparing biogas slurry into liquid fertilizer or treating water to discharge the liquid fertilizer or water after the liquid fertilizer reaches the national standard;
the cement kiln waste heat utilization device is used for providing waste heat resources.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the cement kiln waste heat utilization device comprises one or more of a cement kiln, a waste heat boiler, a preheater, a decomposing furnace and a grate cooler.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the anaerobic digestion unit is a normothermic anaerobic digestion unit, a mesophilic anaerobic digestion unit, or a thermophilic anaerobic digestion unit.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the anaerobic digestion unit is a wet anaerobic digestion unit or a dry anaerobic digestion unit.
On the other hand, the method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln waste heat comprises the following steps:
s1, recovering waste heat, wherein a cement kiln waste heat utilization device provides waste heat resources of a cement kiln, and the waste heat resources are used as a heat source of an anaerobic digestion device and are used by the anaerobic digestion device;
s2, pretreating organic waste by utilizing an organic waste pretreatment device;
s3, anaerobic digestion, namely introducing the sludge and the pretreated organic waste into an anaerobic digestion device for anaerobic digestion treatment to obtain biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues; the heat source of the anaerobic digestion device is from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device;
s4, dehydrating the biogas residues, namely dehydrating and separating the biogas slurry and the biogas residues by using a biogas residue dehydration device to obtain the biogas slurry and dehydrated biogas residues;
and S5, respectively feeding the biogas, the biogas slurry and the dehydrated biogas residues into a biogas treatment device, a biogas slurry treatment device and a biogas residue treatment device.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the heating heat source of the biogas residue dehydration device is also from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the heat preservation heat source of the anaerobic digestion device is from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device and biogas.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the organic waste is one or more of kitchen and kitchen waste, biomass, excrement and straw.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the biogas can be used as a fuel for the cement kiln, used as electricity to supply the cement kiln, or purified to obtain fuel gas.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the waste heat resource is selected from one or more of kiln head smoke, kiln tail smoke, waste heat boiler steam, preheater smoke, decomposing furnace smoke, kiln tail smoke chamber smoke, tertiary air smoke, kiln head cover smoke, grate cooler smoke or rotary kiln cylinder heat.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the operating parameters of the anaerobic digestion unit are as follows: the operation temperature is 35-75 ℃; the hydraulic retention time is 15-25 days; the C/N ratio is 20: 1-30: 1; the pH value is preferably 7.2; the biogas yield is 1.0-1.2 Nm3V (kg VSD). And after the mechanical dehydration of the biogas residue dehydration device, the water content of the biogas residue is 60-70%.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the utilization of the waste heat resource includes directly using the waste heat resource, such as directly using the flue gas, or indirectly using the waste heat resource, such as the flue gas, to exchange heat with the process water to increase the temperature of the process water, and then using the increased temperature of the process water as a heat source.
It should be noted that the steps of the method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and waste heat of the cement kiln are not fixed, for example, the sequence of the step s1, waste heat recovery and the step s2, organic waste pretreatment can be interchanged, and the implementation of the invention is not affected.
Example one
A method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and waste heat of a cement kiln comprises the following steps:
s1, recovering waste heat, wherein a cement kiln waste heat utilization device provides waste heat resources of a cement kiln, and the waste heat resources are used as a heat preservation heat source of an anaerobic digestion device and are used by the anaerobic digestion device; the waste heat resource is selected from kiln head flue gas;
s2, pretreating organic waste, namely pretreating the organic waste by using an organic waste pretreatment device, wherein the organic waste is kitchen waste;
s3, anaerobic digestion, namely introducing the sludge and the pretreated organic waste into an anaerobic digestion device for anaerobic digestion treatment to obtain biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues; anaerobic digestion deviceThe heat source is from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device; the operating parameters of the anaerobic digestion unit were as follows: the operation temperature is 35 ℃; the hydraulic retention time is 15 days; the C/N ratio is 20: 1; the pH value is 7.2; biogas yield 1.0Nm3/(kg VSD)。
S4, dehydrating the biogas residues, namely dehydrating and separating the biogas slurry and the biogas residues by using a biogas residue dehydration device to obtain the biogas slurry and dehydrated biogas residues;
and S5, respectively feeding the biogas, the biogas slurry and the dehydrated biogas residues into a biogas treatment device, a biogas slurry treatment device and a biogas residue treatment device.
The biogas treatment device is a purification device, and the biogas is purified to obtain fuel gas; the biogas slurry treatment device is a sewage treatment device; the biogas residue treatment device is a compost fermentation device.
Example two
A method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and waste heat of a cement kiln comprises the following steps:
s1, recovering waste heat, wherein a cement kiln waste heat utilization device provides waste heat resources of a cement kiln, and the waste heat resources are used as a heat preservation heat source of an anaerobic digestion device and are used by the anaerobic digestion device; the waste heat resource is selected from tertiary air flue gas;
s2, pretreating organic waste, namely pretreating the organic waste by using an organic waste pretreatment device, wherein the organic waste is excrement;
s3, anaerobic digestion, namely introducing the sludge and the pretreated organic waste into an anaerobic digestion device for anaerobic digestion treatment to obtain biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues; the heat source of the anaerobic digestion device is from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device; the operating parameters of the anaerobic digestion unit were as follows: the operation temperature is 35 ℃; the hydraulic retention time is 15 days; the C/N ratio is 20: 1; the pH value is 7.2; biogas yield 1.0Nm3/(kg VSD)。
S4, dehydrating the biogas residues, namely dehydrating and separating the biogas slurry and the biogas residues by using a biogas residue dehydration device to obtain the biogas slurry and dehydrated biogas residues;
and S5, respectively feeding the biogas, the biogas slurry and the dehydrated biogas residues into a biogas treatment device, a biogas slurry treatment device and a biogas residue treatment device.
The methane treatment device is used for supplying cement kiln fuel to the methane storage tank; the biogas slurry treatment device is a liquid fertilizer storage tank; the biogas residue disposal device is a drying treatment device.
In summary, in the system and the method for treating various organic wastes such as sludge and kitchen waste by using the cement kiln with the combined anaerobic digestion technology, the combined anaerobic digestion is used for performing combined treatment on various mixed organic wastes and sludge to generate biogas and biogas residues; the biogas is used as fuel, power generation or natural gas purification, and biogas residues and biogas slurry enter subsequent utilization and treatment links. The system and the method realize harmless, stable, quantitative-reducing and resource treatment of various mixed organic wastes such as sludge, kitchen and kitchen garbage, biomass, excrement (including livestock and poultry), straw and the like.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A system for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln waste heat is characterized by comprising a pretreatment device, a cement kiln waste heat utilization device, an anaerobic digestion device, a biogas residue dehydration device, a biogas treatment device, a biogas residue treatment device and a biogas slurry treatment device; the pretreatment device comprises an organic waste pretreatment device, the organic waste pretreatment device is used for pretreating organic waste, a material outlet of the organic waste pretreatment device is connected with a material inlet of the anaerobic digestion device, and a methane outlet of the anaerobic digestion device is connected with a methane treatment device; a biogas residue outlet of the anaerobic digestion device is connected with a biogas residue inlet of a biogas residue dehydration device, and a biogas residue outlet of the biogas residue dehydration device is connected with a biogas residue treatment device; the biogas slurry outlet of the biogas residue dehydration device is connected with a biogas slurry disposal device; and a heat source inlet of the anaerobic digestion device is connected with a heat source outlet of the cement kiln waste heat utilization device, and the cement kiln waste heat utilization device provides waste heat resources of the cement kiln.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the cement kiln waste heat utilization device comprises one or more of a cement kiln, a waste heat boiler, a preheater, a decomposing furnace and a grate cooler.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the anaerobic digestion unit is a normothermic, mesophilic, or thermophilic anaerobic digestion unit.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the anaerobic digestion unit is a wet anaerobic digestion unit or a dry anaerobic digestion unit.
5. A method for treating sludge and organic waste by using anaerobic digestion and cement kiln waste heat is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, recovering waste heat, wherein a cement kiln waste heat utilization device provides waste heat resources of a cement kiln, and the waste heat resources are used as a heat source of an anaerobic digestion device and are used by the anaerobic digestion device;
s2, pretreating organic waste by utilizing an organic waste pretreatment device;
s3, anaerobic digestion, namely introducing the sludge and the pretreated organic waste into an anaerobic digestion device for anaerobic digestion treatment to obtain biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residues; the heat source of the anaerobic digestion device is from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device;
s4, dehydrating the biogas residues, namely dehydrating and separating the biogas slurry and the biogas residues by using a biogas residue dehydration device to obtain the biogas slurry and dehydrated biogas residues;
and S5, respectively feeding the biogas, the biogas slurry and the dehydrated biogas residues into a biogas treatment device, a biogas slurry treatment device and a biogas residue treatment device.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the heating heat source of the biogas residue dehydration device is also from a cement kiln waste heat utilization device.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the heat source for the anaerobic digestion unit is from both cement kiln waste heat utilization unit and biogas.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the organic waste is one or more of kitchen and kitchen waste, biomass, feces and straw.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the biogas is used as a fuel for the cement kiln, as electricity for the cement kiln, or purified to produce fuel gas.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the waste heat resource is selected from one or more of kiln head smoke, kiln tail smoke, waste heat boiler steam, preheater smoke, decomposing furnace smoke, kiln tail smoke chamber smoke, tertiary air smoke, kiln head cover smoke, grate cooler smoke or rotary kiln cylinder heat.
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