CN114069707B - Method and device for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of photovoltaic system by using fan - Google Patents

Method and device for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of photovoltaic system by using fan Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114069707B
CN114069707B CN202111405484.4A CN202111405484A CN114069707B CN 114069707 B CN114069707 B CN 114069707B CN 202111405484 A CN202111405484 A CN 202111405484A CN 114069707 B CN114069707 B CN 114069707B
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China
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic system
fan
distribution network
energy
power distribution
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CN114069707A (en
Inventor
刘聪
徐晶
姜永
赵志斌
宋佳
张天宇
王魁
闫大威
雷铮
李媛媛
黄旭
刘伟
刘轶超
白辛雨
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/08Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems requiring starting of a prime-mover
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28The renewable source being wind energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of a photovoltaic system by using a fan, which relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation and specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring and judging the running states of the photovoltaic system and the power distribution network; when the photovoltaic system and the external power distribution network are both in normal operation, the photovoltaic system supplies power to the load of the power distribution network and provides energy support for the fan; when the photovoltaic system fails, the fan is connected to the generator to supply power to the distribution network. The method and the device provided by the invention can control the current amplitude which is increased due to the voltage sag of the power grid, prevent the direct off-grid of the photovoltaic system caused by the current amplitude exceeding the upper limit of the amplitude of the inverter of the photovoltaic system, reduce the cost and prolong the service life.

Description

Method and device for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of photovoltaic system by using fan
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a method and a device for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of a photovoltaic system by using a fan.
Background
The photovoltaic power generation is environment-friendly and flexible to control, and has rapid development in recent years, and roof photovoltaic is integrated into a power grid, so that the photovoltaic power generation is a good supplement and replacement for the current urban power grid power supply system. However, roof photovoltaics are directly connected into a power distribution network, so that the power distribution network which only bears power for users originally becomes an active power distribution network which bears the functions of load and power supply, and the permeability at the power distribution network layer is continuously increased along with the continuous development of a photovoltaic system. When the voltage sag is caused by the short-time fault of the power grid, the photovoltaic system can not be processed like a processing load, and the current amplitude which is increased due to the voltage sag of the power grid needs to be controlled in a way to prevent the direct off-grid of the photovoltaic system caused by the fact that the current amplitude exceeds the upper amplitude limit of the photovoltaic system inverter.
To solve this problem, there are two types of schemes that are currently commonly used:
(1) A photovoltaic inverter control scheme is designed. Different control modes are adopted for the photovoltaic inverter, so that the output current of the inverter is adjusted under the condition of voltage sag, and stable voltage output of the photovoltaic system under the condition of voltage sag is ensured to meet the regulation requirement;
(2) The photovoltaic system is combined with an energy storage system. And the photovoltaic-energy storage integrated system is utilized to perfect the connection between a power grid and a load, and the impact caused by voltage sag is reduced by the inertia of the energy storage system under the condition of voltage sag. The function can be realized by any other capacity storage system, and the energy storage system can be connected with the photovoltaic inverter when the function is realized, the photovoltaic inverter simultaneously has the function of an energy router, and the energy storage unit can be connected to a bus of the photovoltaic system through a dynamic voltage restorer and other devices.
The former is simple and can be realized by adjusting the control mode of the inverter; the latter is complex, but the function is more comprehensive, except meeting the requirement of voltage sag, still possesses energy storage, improves the function of system inertia.
In summary, in the prior art, the energy storage element can control the current amplitude raised due to the voltage sag of the power grid, so as to prevent the direct off-grid of the photovoltaic system caused by the current amplitude exceeding the upper limit of the amplitude of the inverter of the photovoltaic system.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the voltage sag tolerance capability of a photovoltaic system by using a fan so as to control the current amplitude which is increased due to the voltage sag of a power grid and prevent the direct off-grid of the photovoltaic system caused by the fact that the current amplitude exceeds the upper amplitude limit of an inverter of the photovoltaic system.
The invention provides a method for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of a photovoltaic system by using a fan, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring and judging the running states of the photovoltaic system and the power distribution network;
when the photovoltaic system and an external power distribution network both normally operate, the photovoltaic system supplies power to the load of the power distribution network and provides energy support for the fan;
when the photovoltaic system fails, the fan is connected to the generator to supply power to the power distribution network.
Preferably, the step of connecting the fan to a generator to supply power to the distribution network comprises:
the following formula is adopted to obtain the output power of a generator connected with the machine through wind:
S 1 =S 11 +S 12 +S 13
S 11 -power to meet minimum load requirements of a system using a fan;
S 12 -a second output power;
S 13 -power to support voltage sag;
the second output power is the maximum value of the first difference value and the second difference value, and the first difference value is the power and S which meet the maximum load requirement of the system using the fan 11 A difference between;
the second difference is the energy requirement and S of 20ms of the voltage sag 13 And (3) a difference.
Preferably, the power of the support voltage dip is obtained using the formula:
P v -load curve forecast values of the photovoltaic system on the same day.
Preferably, the S 12 The S is 13 The following conditions are satisfied:
P v -load curve forecast values of the photovoltaic system on the same day.
Preferably, in the step of connecting the fan to the generator to supply power to the power distribution network, the rotation angle frequency of the main shaft of the fan is obtained by adopting the following formula:
t-rotation period;
m-spindle density;
r-spindle radius;
omega-spindle rotational angular frequency.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a device for improving voltage sag tolerance of a photovoltaic system by using a fan, including:
and a judging module: the method is used for acquiring and judging the running states of the photovoltaic system and the power distribution network;
when the photovoltaic system and an external power distribution network both normally operate, the photovoltaic system supplies power to the load of the power distribution network and provides energy support for the fan;
when the photovoltaic system fails, the fan is connected to the generator to supply power to the power distribution network.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of a photovoltaic system by using a fan, which comprises the following steps: acquiring and judging the running states of the photovoltaic system and the power distribution network; when the photovoltaic system and the external power distribution network are both in normal operation, the photovoltaic system supplies power to the load of the power distribution network and provides energy support for the fan; when the photovoltaic system fails, the fan is connected to the generator to supply power to the distribution network. The method and the device provided by the invention can control the current amplitude which is increased due to the voltage sag of the power grid, prevent the direct off-grid of the photovoltaic system caused by the current amplitude exceeding the upper limit of the amplitude of the inverter of the photovoltaic system, reduce the cost and prolong the service life.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for improving voltage sag tolerance capability of a photovoltaic system by using a fan according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
At present, with the continuous development of a photovoltaic system, when the permeability of a distribution network layer is continuously increased and a voltage sag is caused by a short-time fault of a power grid, the photovoltaic system cannot be processed like a processing load, and a method for controlling the current amplitude which is increased due to the voltage sag of the power grid is needed to prevent the direct off-grid of the photovoltaic system due to the fact that the current amplitude exceeds the upper limit of the amplitude of an inverter of the photovoltaic system.
For the sake of understanding the present embodiment, first, a method for improving voltage sag tolerance of a photovoltaic system by using a fan disclosed in the present embodiment is described in detail.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for improving voltage sag tolerance capability of a photovoltaic system by using a fan, which specifically includes the following steps:
acquiring and judging the running states of the photovoltaic system and the power distribution network;
when the photovoltaic system and an external power distribution network both normally operate, the photovoltaic system supplies power to the load of the power distribution network and provides energy support for the fan;
when the photovoltaic system fails, the fan is connected to the generator to supply power to the power distribution network.
Preferably, the step of connecting the fan to a generator to supply power to the distribution network comprises:
the following formula is adopted to obtain the output power of a generator connected with the machine through wind:
S 1 =S 11 +S 12 +S 13
S 11 -power to meet minimum load requirements of a system using a fan;
S 12 -a second output power;
S 13 -power to support voltage sag;
the second output power is the maximum value of the first difference value and the second difference value, and the first difference value is the power and S which meet the maximum load requirement of the system using the fan 11 A difference between;
the second difference is the energy requirement and S of 20ms of the voltage sag 13 And (3) a difference.
Preferably, the power of the support voltage dip is obtained using the formula:
P v -load curve forecast values of the photovoltaic system on the same day.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, S 12 And S is equal to 13 The sum optimum is the energy requirement to meet the voltage sag of 20 ms.
Preferably, the S 12 The S is 13 The following conditions are satisfied:
P v -load curve forecast values of the photovoltaic system on the same day.
In practice, the photovoltaic system supporting voltage sag can be completely operated without a dynamic voltage restorer and meanwhile has a fan energy storage scheme, and the control mode of the photovoltaic inverter can be directly regulated, so that the photovoltaic system output voltage meets the requirement under the condition of supporting the voltage sag, and meanwhile, the requirement that the current does not exceed the limit value is irrelevant to the number of fans. Therefore, the voltage sag at the distribution network side is not considered when the fan quantity demand is evaluated.
If the photovoltaic system side fails, resulting in insufficient output energy, the number of fans must be as high as possible to support the longer power demand as possible with more inertial mass.
Therefore, after the requirements of the number of the fans are met to meet the minimum load requirements of systems using the fans such as building air conditioners, fresh air systems and the like, the rest parts can be all used as the fans for supporting the invention, and the main shaft of the fans has the energy storage capacity of S 1
Preferably, in the step of connecting the fan to the generator to supply power to the power distribution network, the rotation angle frequency of the main shaft of the fan is obtained by adopting the following formula:
t-rotation period;
m-spindle density;
r-spindle radius;
omega-spindle rotation angular frequency in rad/s.
Embodiment two:
the invention provides a device for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of a photovoltaic system by using a fan, which comprises the following components:
and a judging module: the method is used for acquiring and judging the running states of the photovoltaic system and the power distribution network;
when the photovoltaic system and an external power distribution network both normally operate, the photovoltaic system supplies power to the load of the power distribution network and provides energy support for the fan;
when the photovoltaic system fails, the fan is connected to the generator to supply power to the power distribution network.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) The realization is convenient: the mechanical weight of the fan is directly used as an inertial energy storage unit without separately constructing an energy storage system, so that short-time voltage sag support is realized;
2) The cost is low: the investment of a newly built energy storage system is avoided, only a separation device of a fan blade and a fan main shaft is needed to be added in equipment, a generator is added, a control line and control software are added, and the cost is lower than that of the energy storage system under the same power.
3) Long service life: the lifetime of a mechanical device is generally much longer than a chemical energy storage system.
In summary, in order to solve the influence of the voltage sag, the present invention does not need to use the conventional battery as a separate energy storage system to solve the impact of the voltage sag, but uses the roof photovoltaic system to be mostly built on the roof of a building and other buildings, the building generally has the actual situation of large-scale ventilation facilities, and combines the functions of a power supply and a load of the roof photovoltaic system and the ventilation fan, and has the characteristics of convenience in regulation and control and large inertia mass, and the fan is used as an energy storage unit to realize the capability of tolerating the short-time voltage sag. And the capacity of a fan of an air conditioner and a fresh air system of some buildings using roof photovoltaics reaches even a few MW, and is mostly higher than the photovoltaic power generation capacity of the buildings, and the fan is used as a flywheel system to realize energy storage, so that the defect of limited independent construction life of energy storage batteries and the like is avoided.
The relative steps, numerical expressions and numerical values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, in the description of embodiments of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not repeated herein.
In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners. The above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be other manners of division in actual implementation, and for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some communication interface, device or unit indirect coupling or communication connection, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples: any person skilled in the art may modify or easily conceive of the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent substitution of some of the technical features, while remaining within the technical scope of the present disclosure; such modifications, changes or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. The method for improving the voltage sag tolerance capacity of the photovoltaic system by using the fan is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring and judging the running states of the photovoltaic system and the power distribution network;
when the photovoltaic system and an external power distribution network both normally operate, the photovoltaic system supplies power to the load of the power distribution network and provides energy support for the fan;
when the photovoltaic system fails, the fan is connected to the generator to supply power to the power distribution network;
the following formula is adopted to obtain the output energy of the generator connected with the generator by the fan:
S 1 =S 11 +S 12 +S 13
S 11 -energy to meet the minimum load requirements of a system using fans;
S 12 -a second output energy;
S 13 -supporting a voltage dip for 5ms of energy;
the second output energy is the maximum value of the first difference value and the second difference value, and the first difference value is the energy and S which meet the maximum load requirement of the system using the fan 11 A difference between;
the second difference is the energy requirement and S of 20ms of the voltage sag 13 And (3) a difference.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy of the support voltage dip is obtained using the formula:
P v load curve predictive value of photovoltaic system on the same day.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein said S 12 The S is 13 The following conditions are satisfied:
P v load curve predictive value of photovoltaic system on the same day.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein in the step of connecting the fan to a generator to power the power distribution network, the fan spindle rotational frequency is obtained using the formula:
t-rotation period;
m-spindle density;
r-spindle radius;
omega-spindle rotational angular frequency.
5. A device for improving voltage sag tolerance of a photovoltaic system by using a fan, comprising:
and a judging module: the method is used for acquiring and judging the running states of the photovoltaic system and the power distribution network;
when the photovoltaic system and an external power distribution network both normally operate, the photovoltaic system supplies power to the load of the power distribution network and provides energy support for the fan;
when the photovoltaic system fails, the fan is connected to the generator to supply power to the power distribution network;
the following formula is adopted to obtain the output energy of the generator connected with the generator by the fan:
S 1 =S 11 +S 12 +S 13
S 11 -energy to meet the minimum load requirements of a system using fans;
S 12 -a second output energy;
S 13 -supporting a voltage dip for 5ms of energy;
the second output energy is the maximum value of the first difference value and the second difference value, and the first difference value is the energy and S which meet the maximum load requirement of the system using the fan 11 A difference between;
the second difference is the energy requirement and S of 20ms of the voltage sag 13 And (3) a difference.
CN202111405484.4A 2021-11-24 2021-11-24 Method and device for improving voltage sag tolerance capacity of photovoltaic system by using fan Active CN114069707B (en)

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