CN114069615B - Method for searching adjustable unit to eliminate tide overrun based on section active sensitivity - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
- H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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Abstract
The application discloses a processing method for solving cross-section power flow out-of-limit based on a cross-section active sensitivity automatic search adjustable unit, which comprises the following steps: carrying out predictive fault analysis on a custom fault set, and finding out a power flow out-of-limit section; automatically calculating the active sensitivity of the power flow out-of-limit section; automatically searching for an effective adjustable unit according to the section active sensitivity; and verifying the practicability by adopting an example. According to the method, N-1 and N-2 expected fault scanning can be carried out according to the self-defined fault set, the power flow out-of-limit section is searched, the section active sensitivity calculation is automatically carried out, the region adjustable unit is searched, and an auxiliary decision is provided for the out-of-limit elimination of the section.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of safety research of power systems, in particular to a processing method research for solving the problem of cross-section tide out-of-limit based on automatic search of an adjustable unit for cross-section active sensitivity.
Background
As the power grid scale expands year by year, the power failure requirement of main network equipment increases, pressure is brought to the arrangement of the power grid operation mode, and the difficulty and the workload of power grid safety check are increased.
The current power grid security check is mainly applied to PSD power system analysis software (BPA) for offline analysis and calculation modes. The auxiliary decision information in the mode is required to be manually analyzed and then is proposed, the system safety risk caused by insufficient experience of personnel exists, the calculated amount is large, the calculation is difficult to complete by manual calculation, and related information is possibly missed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a processing method for solving the problem of cross-section power flow out-of-limit based on the automatic search of an adjustable unit for cross-section active sensitivity aiming at the problem of cross-section power flow out-of-limit caused by power grid equipment faults, and provides accurate and reliable safe and stable analysis and decision information for power grid operators.
The aim of the application is realized by the following technical scheme: a processing method for solving cross section tide out-of-limit based on a cross section active power sensitivity automatic search adjustable unit comprises the following steps:
1) A fault set is customized, an expected fault analysis is carried out on the fault set, the fault is decomposed into a splittable fault and a non-splittable fault, a non-linear fault and a non-continuous fault are further divided for the non-splittable fault, and a power flow out-of-limit section is found through power flow calculation;
2) Calculating the active power sensitivity of the power flow out-of-limit section, wherein the active power sensitivity is expressed as the active power flow variation quantity on a designated branch ij when the active power injection of a node n in the power system is increased by 1 unit;
3) And searching an effective adjustable unit according to the active sensitivity of the section, and taking a unit with larger active sensitivity as an adjustable unit for eliminating out-of-limit.
Further, the custom fault set is a set of expected faults, given by experienced schedulers and operation analysts, defined hierarchically in a physically categorized manner, including various possible faults and combinations thereof, and can be specified to monitor component and condition faults to automatically generate complex faults.
Further, during operation of the power system, a user can activate interesting fault combinations to perform analysis and calculation, and simulate and reproduce the actual fault process of the power grid.
Further, in step 1), the fault analysis is expected to decompose the fault into a fault with a disjunctive property and a fault with a non-disjunctive property, if the fault with a disjunctive property is classified into a ' harmful ' fault immediately, and the fault with a non-disjunctive property is classified again, and the fault with a non-disjunctive property is further classified into a non-linear fault and a non-continuous fault, and the two types of faults are distinguished into a ' harmful ' fault and a non-harmful ' fault.
Further, when the expected failure analysis is performed, the failure is ordered according to the possibility of overload of the system caused by the disconnection of each line, then the lines are checked sequentially, and when the overload is not caused by the disconnection of a certain line, the lines arranged behind the line can be not checked any more.
Further, in step 1), the expected failure analysis refers to determining the impact they have on safe operation of the power system for the failure of the preset power system components and combinations thereof.
Further, in step 1), during the analysis of the expected faults, the faults in the fault set are preprocessed and divided into two major types, one type is a harmless fault which can be determined without out-of-limit without calculation, and the other type is a harmful fault which is judged to be dangerous by load flow calculation, so that unnecessary load flow calculation is avoided, and the analysis speed of the expected faults is increased.
Further, in step 1), in the process of power flow calculation, performing full power flow analysis on faults causing system disconnection and faults designated in advance, and starting from network line connection analysis, forming an admittance matrix, decomposing a factor table and performing iterative correction to solve complete alternating current power flow; judging whether PV conversion exists for the non-separable faults, if so, converting the PV bus into a PQ bus, and carrying out P-V conversion tide analysis; if not, the DC power flow is adopted.
Further, in step 2), after the expected failure element is shut down, a sensitivity analysis is adopted to perform a correlation analysis of the line and the load, that is, the sensitivity of the branch active power flow to the node power injection. The sensitivity of the branch active power flow to node power injection has the following meaning: when the active power injection of the node n in the system is increased by 1 unit (the active power output of the balancing machine in the corresponding system is reduced by about 1 unit), the active power flow variation on the branch i j is appointed; through sensitivity analysis, it can be known which units are adjusted to eliminate the power flow out-of-limit of related equipment.
The application provides a processing method for solving the problem of cross-section power flow out-of-limit based on a cross-section active sensitivity automatic search adjustable unit, and the technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects:
1) Carrying out N-1 and N-2 predictive fault scanning by a custom fault set, and searching a power flow out-of-limit section;
2) And automatically calculating the active sensitivity of the section, searching the region adjustable unit, and providing an auxiliary decision for the out-of-limit elimination of the section. By fusing the power grid model parameters and the operation condition information, static safe and stable intelligent analysis is realized, different safe and stable problems are coordinated to carry out auxiliary decision making, and accurate and reliable safe and stable analysis and decision making information are provided for power grid operators. The safety check flow is combed, the repeatability is high, the steps which can be automatically performed are extracted, the automatic batch analysis and calculation and the auxiliary decision are performed, and the safety check efficiency is improved so as to meet the requirement of the comprehensive power outage management level improvement.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a processing method for solving cross-section load flow limit crossing based on cross-section active sensitivity automatic searching adjustable unit.
Fig. 2 is a logic diagram of the present application for selecting different tide algorithms.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a normal operation flow of the cross section of the "tun line_ koku i line_ koku ii line" according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fault operation flow of the section "tun line_ koku line i_ koku line ii" according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-section adjustment area unit output elimination out-of-limit tide of the 'tun line_ koku i line_ koku ii line' according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present application in further detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the processing method for automatically searching the adjustable unit to solve the cross-section power flow out-of-limit based on the cross-section active sensitivity comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out predictive fault analysis on a custom fault set to find out a power flow out-of-limit section
The expected fault analysis refers to determining the impact of preset power system components (such as lines, transformers, generators, loads, buses and the like) on the safe operation of the power system for the faults and the combination of the faults.
1. Set of expected faults
The expected failure scan first generates an expected failure set. The set of expected faults is defined hierarchically in a physically categorized manner by experienced schedulers and by operational analysts, which include various possible faults and combinations thereof, and may provide for monitoring element and condition faults to automatically generate complex faults. In operation, a user may activate a fault group of interest for analysis and calculation. The expected failure set mode has the following advantages: multiple faults are defined more conveniently and more effectively; in practice, only the fault groups interested in activation are analyzed, so that the calculation efficiency is greatly improved; the method can flexibly, conveniently and rapidly simulate and reproduce the actual fault process of the power grid.
Defining and managing the set of expected faults is critical to improving the performance of the application software. For this purpose, the set of expected faults should be defined hierarchically in a physically classified manner. A complete fault consists of four parts: a main disconnect element, a condition monitoring element, a condition disconnect element, and a rule set. The primary disconnect element may be any element in the electrical grid; when the action of the main breaking element causes the breaking monitoring element to exceed the limit, the conditional breaking element acts along with the action; the rule set describes the operations that the dispatcher must perform as prescribed or experienced after the primary break element is actuated.
2. Predictive failure analysis
The expected fault analysis is to preprocess faults in a fault set, and divide the faults into two main types, namely 'harmless' faults which can be determined to be free from out-of-limit without calculation, and 'harmful' faults which need to be judged in dangerous degree through tide calculation. The method aims to avoid unnecessary load flow calculation and accelerate the analysis speed of the expected faults.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out expected fault scanning on equipment in the power system, firstly decomposing the faults into splittable faults and non-splittable faults, and immediately classifying the splittable faults into harmful faults if the splittable faults are the 'harmful' faults, and continuously classifying the non-splittable faults. The non-splittable faults further divide the non-linear faults and the non-continuous faults, the two faults are further distinguished into harmful faults and non-harmful faults by a direct method, and the other faults can be distinguished into harmful faults or not by a simpler indirect method.
The strict N-I test requires N wire-break analyses on all the wires, and the calculation workload is great. In fact, some lines in the network do not cause overload of the system after being disconnected, so that fault sequencing can be performed according to the possibility of causing overload of the system after each line is disconnected, and then the lines with high possibility of overload are sequentially checked according to the sequence. When it is verified that a line is not overloaded after being broken, the line arranged behind it may not be verified any more, so that the calculation amount may be significantly reduced, which is also called fault selection.
In the fault analysis process, the 'harmless' faults are screened out, the 'harmful' faults with serious consequences are reserved, and the faults are analyzed in detail so as to accurately judge the trend distribution and the hazard degree of the system after the faults.
Actually, the fault risk degree to be analyzed in detail still has difference, the alternating current power flow analysis is not needed to be carried out completely to further divide the nature of the fault, different power flow algorithms are selected, as shown in fig. 2, the full power flow analysis is carried out on the fault causing the system disconnection and the fault appointed in advance, and the complete alternating current power flow is obtained by starting the network junction line analysis, forming an admittance matrix, decomposing a factor table and carrying out iterative correction; judging whether PV conversion exists for the non-separable faults, if so, converting the PV bus into a PQ bus, and carrying out P-V conversion tide analysis; if not, the DC power flow is adopted.
1) Full tide analysis
Faults that cause system disconnection and pre-specified faults, detected in a fault scan, are typically placed in front of the fault ordering table (no longer ordered) because they all belong to the most severe faults. The full tide analysis is to start from network junction line analysis, form admittance matrix, decompose factor table and iterate correction to solve complete alternating current tide. The accuracy of such analysis is highest.
2) Tidal current analysis of PV bus conversion
In practical systems, some faults (especially generator faults) may cause the PV bus to fail to maintain a specified voltage, where the PV bus needs to be converted to a PQ bus, and then analyzed by a general tide algorithm. The general approach to handling such faults is as follows:
the generator elements are added to the diagonal elements of the admittance matrix [ B' ] in the form of a large ground admittance to give [ B "]. At this time, the dimension of the [ B ' ] matrix is the same as that of the [ B ' ] matrix, but a great grounding admittance is added to the diagonal element of the corresponding PV bus in the [ B ' ] matrix. Voltage correction quantity V apprxeq 0 on PV bus in reactive iteration in normal state; and when the generator fails, the large admittance is removed, and the PV bus is automatically converted into the PQ bus.
When the [ B '] matrix is formed, the dimension of the [ B' ] matrix is the same as that of the [ B '] matrix, namely, the PV bus is added into the [ B' ] matrix, the row and column corresponding to the PV bus in a normal state do not participate in iteration, and the row and column corresponding to the PV bus in a fault state are added into iteration correction, so that the conversion from the PV bus to the PQ bus is automatically realized.
And adopting an asymptotic voltage approximation mode, namely when the PV bus cannot maintain the specified voltage, gradually modifying the specified voltage to enable reactive power to return to the limit.
3) DC power flow
The direct current flow equation is as follows:
P＝Bθ
wherein P is the node injection active power column vector of the removed balance node, B is the susceptance matrix, and θ is the node voltage phase angle column vector of the removed balance node.
When the injection power is unchanged, the branch circuit is broken,
P＝Bθ
＝(B 0 +ΔB)(θ 0 +Δθ)
＝B 0 ·θ 0 +B 0 ·Δθ+ΔB·θ 0 +ΔB·Δθ
wherein B is 0 ,θ 0 Respectively representing a susceptance matrix and a node voltage column vector in an initial state; Δb, Δθ represent the change amounts of the susceptance matrix and the node voltage column vector, respectively.
Since p=b 0 θ 0 The above method can be replaced by
(B 0 +ΔB)Δθ＝-ΔB·θ 0
The direct current method can be used for conveniently simulating the calculation of the break power flow of multiple branches.
S2, automatically calculating the active sensitivity of the power flow out-of-limit section
It is expected that if a line is rated for a longer period of time after the failure element is stopped, the line will overheat after half an hour, and therefore, load transfer or reduction is required. Aiming at the conversion from out-of-limit to load loss, sensitivity analysis is mainly adopted to carry out correlation analysis of a line and a load, namely the sensitivity of branch active power flow to node power injection. The sensitivity of the branch active power flow to node power injection has the following meaning: when the active power injection of the node n in the system is increased by 1 unit (the active power output of the balancing machine in the corresponding system is reduced by about 1 unit), the active power flow variation on the branch ij is designated.
The branch ij active power flow can be described as a function of the voltage amplitude and the phase difference at two sides of the branch, namely:
P ij ＝f(V i ,V j ,θ ij )
wherein: p (P) ij Active power flow at the beginning end of the line ij; v (V) i ，V j Bus voltage amplitude values at two ends of a line ij; θ ij The phase angle difference of bus voltages at two ends of the line ij;
when the node injection power changes, node voltage phasors at two sides of the branch ij change, so that the active power flow of the branch changes, taylor series expansion is carried out on the upper branch power flow function at the initial point, and higher terms above the second order are ignored, so that the method can be achieved:
for newton-raphson power flow calculation in polar coordinates, a power flow linear correction equation set is as follows:
wherein: Δp and Δq are residual vectors of the tide equation; delta theta and delta V are busbar voltage correction vectors; converting the linear load flow correction equation set into a load flow jacobian matrix:
in practical engineering application, a tidal current jacobian matrix can be obtained when the tidal current calculation converges. The power flow jacobian matrix is subjected to triangular decomposition once, and then each branch can be reused when sensitivity calculation is performed. Therefore, when the sensitivity calculation is carried out on one branch, the sensitivity vector of the branch active power flow to the power injection of all nodes can be obtained only by carrying out the back generation calculation before transposition once.
S3, automatically searching for effective adjustable unit according to section active sensitivity
In S1, a section with a power flow out of limit is found by an expected fault, and in S2, the section active sensitivity is calculated. The unit with larger active sensitivity can be used as an adjustable unit for eliminating out-of-limit on the basis of the calculation of S1 and S2.
S4, verifying practical type by adopting calculation examples
The test system is a computing system developed by adopting C++. The calculation data is output by the BPA software. The example data includes 14163 nodes, 9654 branches, 1815 power sources. The long-term current carrying capacity and the short-time current carrying capacity of the circuit take actual values.
Automatically generating a fault set to carry out expected fault analysis on the calculation data:
table 1: expected fault analysis and power flow out-of-limit information table
The table above: the "expected failure" field describes the devices that are N-1, N-2 disconnected; the "influencing device" field describes the device that is influenced after disconnecting the device; "active after failure (Mw)", "load rate after failure (Mw)", "long-term current-carrying capacity (Mw)", "whether to exceed a long-term quota", "overload rate (long-term current-carrying capacity%)," short-term overload capacity (Mw) "," whether to exceed a short-term quota "," overload rate (short-term current-carrying capacity%), "all describe relevant information affecting the equipment; "control section" describes out-of-limit section information that needs to be monitored.
The active sensitivity of the out-of-limit section is automatically calculated, and the search area adjustable unit is shown in table 2.
Table 2:
the table above: the field of the ' unit in the area ' describes unit information which can be adjusted by eliminating section out-of-limit, and the format is ' unit: sensitivity value).
The section of the above "Tun line- Chun I line- Chun II line" is shown in Table 3.
Table 3:
the tidal flow chart of the normal operation of the section of the Tun line- Chun I line- Chun II line is shown in figure 3, the Tun line is a return line from Tun Liang Zhou to Zhou, and the tidal flow in figure 3 is 109MW. Chun I line+ Chun II line is two loops from Chun state station to state station, and the current in FIG. 3 is 534MW. The section area adjustable unit is clearly seen in fig. 3 to be a six-scene unit and a Xijin unit. The current set output of six-scene plant is 1200MW and the current set output of Xijin plant is 214MW can be seen in FIG. 3.
The flow chart of the fault operation of the section fault of the 'Tun line_ Chun line I_ Chun line II' is shown in fig. 4, and when the ' Chun line I+ Chun line II' fault occurs, the flow value of the Tun line is 432MW and exceeds the short-time current carrying capacity 374MW.
The 1200MW output is reduced to 950MW by adjusting the output of the six-scene plant unit, and whether the load flow out of limit of the line of the Tun is eliminated is checked:
the flow chart of the out-of-limit tidal current for the unit output elimination in the section adjustment area of the Tun line_ Chun I line_ Chun II line is shown in fig. 5, and it is clear from the figure that when the unit output of the six-scene plant is reduced to 950MW, the flow of the Tun line is 318MW, and the out-of-limit tidal current is eliminated without exceeding the 374MW of the short-time current carrying capacity. Thus, the method of the application is normal and effective.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate the present application, not to limit it, and any modifications and variations made thereto are within the spirit of the application and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for eliminating load flow limit crossing of a section active sensitivity search adjustable unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) A fault set is customized, an expected fault analysis is carried out on the fault set, the fault is decomposed into a splittable fault and a non-splittable fault, a non-linear fault and a non-continuous fault are further divided for the non-splittable fault, and a power flow out-of-limit section is found through power flow calculation; in the process of power flow calculation, carrying out full power flow analysis on faults causing system disconnection and faults appointed in advance, and starting from network line connection analysis, forming an admittance matrix, a decomposition factor table and carrying out iterative correction to solve complete alternating current power flow; judging whether the PV conversion exists for the non-separable faults, if so, converting the PV bus into a PQ bus, and carrying out PV conversion tide analysis; if not, adopting direct current power flow, and when the injection power is unchanged, switching off a branch, wherein the specific calculation is as follows:
P＝Bθ
＝(B 0 +ΔB)(θ 0 +Δθ)
＝B 0 ·θ 0 +B 0 ·Δθ+ΔB·θ 0 +ΔB·Δθ
wherein P is the node injection active power column vector of the balance node, B is the susceptance matrix, and θ is the node voltage phase angle column vector of the balance node; b (B) 0 ,θ 0 Respectively representing a susceptance matrix and a node voltage column vector in an initial state; Δb, Δθ represent the amounts of change in susceptance matrix and node voltage column vector, respectively;
when p=b 0 θ 0 When the above formula is replaced with:
(B 0 +ΔB)Δθ＝-ΔB·θ 0
simulating the multiple branch cut-off power flow calculation by the direct current method;
2) Calculating the active sensitivity of the power flow out-of-limit section, and after the expected fault element is out of operation, performing correlation analysis of the line and the load by adopting sensitivity analysis, namely the sensitivity of the branch active power flow to node power injection; the sensitivity of the branch active power flow to node power injection has the following meaning: when the active power injection of the node n in the system is increased by 1 unit, the active power output of the corresponding internal balance machine in the system is reduced by 1 unit, and the active power flow variation on the branch ij is designated; the active power flow of the branch ij is described as a function of the voltage amplitude and the phase difference at two sides of the branch, taylor series expansion is carried out, a flow linear correction equation set is obtained by Newton Lapherson flow calculation under polar coordinates, and the flow linear correction equation set is converted into a flow jacobian matrix:
wherein: Δp and Δq are residual vectors of the active and reactive power of the tide equation; deltaV is a busbar voltage correction vector; performing primary triangular decomposition on the tidal current jacobian matrix, and performing primary transposition prior generation calculation when performing sensitivity calculation on one branch to obtain sensitivity vectors of branch active power flow on power injection of all nodes;
3) And searching the adjustable unit according to the section active sensitivity to eliminate the tide overrun.
2. The method for eliminating power flow violations based on active sensitivity search of sections in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the custom fault set is an expected fault set, the custom fault set is defined hierarchically in a physically classified manner, including various faults and combinations thereof, and the monitoring elements and conditional faults are specified to automatically generate complex faults.
3. The method for eliminating load flow limit crossing based on section active sensitivity search adjustable unit according to claim 1, wherein when the expected fault analysis is carried out, the faults which cause overload of the system after each line is opened are sequenced, then the lines are checked in sequence, when the overload is not caused after a certain line is opened, the lines arranged behind the lines are not checked any more.
4. The method for eliminating power flow violations based on section active sensitivity search tunable units according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the expected failure analysis refers to failures for preset power system elements and combinations thereof.
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| CN107069743A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-18 | 云南电网有限责任公司 | The adjust automatically computational methods of power network section tidal current |
| CN107294103A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-10-24 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of section tidal current control method and device |
| CN108879795A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-23 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | The spinning reserve and electric energy combined optimization for considering power system security constraints go out clearing method |
| CN111368449A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-07-03 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Cascading failure evolution path online identification method considering alternating current and direct current influences |
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