CN114066869A

CN114066869A - Virtual balloon angioplasty diagnosis and treatment method and system

Info

Publication number: CN114066869A
Application number: CN202111396506.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕孟哲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-11-23
Filing date: 2021-11-23
Publication date: 2022-02-18

Abstract

The invention discloses a diagnosis and treatment method and a diagnosis and treatment system for virtual balloon angioplasty, wherein the diagnosis and treatment method comprises the steps of constructing a database of an interventional operation implant according to a parameter set of the vascular interventional implant, and simulating angioplasty to confirm morphological characteristics according to the received balloon type, balloon length, stent type, stent length, balloon internal air pressure, implantation position of a balloon-expanded stent or a balloon-expanded valve, vascular parameters and parameters of vascular lesions; performing blood flow simulation on the blood vessel system after the simulated expansion to determine a blood flow simulation result; preoperative or intraoperative simulated assessment is performed based on the morphological features and hemodynamic calculations, providing an optimal preoperative planning plan or intraoperative real-time simulation for angioplasty.

Description

Virtual balloon angioplasty diagnosis and treatment method and system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the fields of biomedical engineering and computer science, in particular to a virtual balloon angioplasty diagnosis and treatment method and a virtual balloon angioplasty diagnosis and treatment system.

Background

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA) is a treatment of stenosis or obliterative lesion of a blood vessel caused by atherosclerosis or other reasons after dilation with a catheter or other instruments, which is started in the 60 s and is mainly treated by a balloon catheter before the 80 s, and is called balloon angioplasty (PTA). PTA is originally used mainly in limb vessels, and later expands to internal arteries, such as renal arteries and coronary arteries, and progresses from arteries to veins, such as dilatation to treat luminal vein stenosis, to treat stenosis or occlusion of artificial vessels, transplanted vessels.

Balloon angioplasty

Indication (I): the ideal indication is medium or large vessel restriction, isolated short stenosis. Second, multiple, discrete short stenosis and occlusion. Long stenosis or occlusion, small vessel lesion, ulcerative stenosis, or pre-calcified stenosis or occlusion are not suitable for PTA treatment. (II) operation technology: after determining the hemodynamic changes such as lesion, extent, collateral blood supply, and blood pressure above and below the stenosis by angiography, the angiographic catheter is exchanged for a balloon catheter. The balloon is placed in the stenosis and the balloon is inflated with contrast diluted with pressure pump or hand. The inflated balloon acts on the stenosed vessel to dilate it. After the dilatation is finished, the angiography is reviewed to know the vasodilatation condition, and the blood pressure difference above and below the original stenosis is measured again to determine the effect of the dilatation treatment. In order to reduce complications and prevent restenosis, anti-platelet aggregation drugs, such as aspirin, etc., are applied from the day before the operation. Heparin is used for anticoagulation in the operation, and aspirin, dipyridamole and other medicaments are taken 1-6 months after the operation. Third, the mechanism of vasodilation the balloon pressure of inflation causes localized tearing of the intima and media within the vessel wall in the stenosis. Hyperextension of the vessel wall, particularly the media, and rupture of the plaque, leading to hypotonia of the vessel wall and enlargement of the lumen diameter. (IV) the curative effect of PTA is better in both short-term and long-term curative effects. The PTA success rate of the iliac artery and the renal artery is more than 90 percent, and the five-year average vascular patency rate is more than 70 percent. The PTA success rate of coronary artery single-branch lesion is above 90%. Among the factors affecting the therapeutic effect, in addition to the lesion site, the nature of the lesion, the anatomical and pathological features of the lesion, the general condition of the patient, the condition of the equipment, and the experience of the operator are also important factors. For example, in renal artery stenosis, the curative effect of fibromyodysplasia is best, the success rate of dilation is 90% -95%, and the cure and improvement rate of clinical hypertension reaches 93%; secondly, atherosclerosis; but the curative effect of the polyarteritis is poor. Compared with the surgery, the PTA has the advantages of small trauma to the patient, less complication, quick response, simpler and more convenient operation, reduced cost, capability of being performed in outpatient service, and repeated PTA treatment once restenosis occurs.

In the PTA angioplasty operation, the selection of the air pressure and the placing mode of the balloon expansion in the balloon and the accurate positioning of the balloon are very critical to the success of the operation. The current clinical diagnostic method is to estimate the lesion degree of the blood vessel and the model of the required balloon by using some two-dimensional analysis techniques based on X-ray Coronary Angiography (CAG) or CT coronary angiography (CTA) images. However, the spatial information provided by CAG or CTA images is very limited and does not truly reflect the actual condition of the vessel and its lesions. Moreover, the measurement results are affected by subjective factors, which makes it difficult to accurately estimate the type of the balloon used.

In light of the above deficiencies and the practical needs of clinical applications, people are beginning to explore and develop virtual balloon and stent placement systems for preoperative planning of arterial balloon angioplasty. The previous virtual stent implantation method and system focus on and predict the virtual stent implantation method, such as Philips INTEGRIS 3D-RA workstation, by automatic and semi-automatic image segmentation tools, in combination with mesh generation tools to build a blood vessel model of a specific patient, and automatically extract the center line of the blood vessel lumen on a three-dimensional image model. A virtual stent is then placed along the lumen centerline and the length and diameter of the stent are interactively adjusted for surgical planning, such as simulated stent placement, simulated blood flow procedures, and the like. An optional patent (CN106539622A) provides a coronary artery virtual stent implantation method and a system based on hemodynamic analysis, which can automatically complete the calculation of the stenosis degree of a blood vessel, generate a stent implantation strategy, quantitatively evaluate the implantation effect of a virtual stent, reduce the dependence on personal experience, improve the decision efficiency of a doctor and reduce the decision risk of the doctor.

The above solution has 2 drawbacks 1. no simulation of the balloon is involved. Because the release of the coronary virtual stent is a spherical expansion stent, the simulation result is inaccurate when the stent is simulated only and the balloon is ignored. And as more and more patients tend to select drug balloon therapy rather than release stents with the development of drug eluting balloons, previous patent inventions failed to simulate balloon forming surgery. 2. The prior coronary artery virtual stent invention does not consider the influence of the detailed structure of the stent on blood flow irradiation, and the structure of the stent is excessively simplified, so that the local hemodynamic influence cannot be analyzed. In addition, in the prior art, the precise balloon dilatation angioplasty is mainly based on finite element calculation simulation, the method can simulate a complex material model, the precision of the simulation result is high, but the method also has the defect that the calculation cost is high (because a large number of partial differential equation PDE (partial differential equation) needs to be solved, and the material simulation of the superelastic material and the memory metal involves the solution of a nonlinear material), and the prediction result cannot be quickly given.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a virtual balloon angioplasty diagnosis and treatment method and system, wherein a calculation model based on an approximate finite element method has the characteristic of high calculation speed, so that the real-time simulation of the operation process is realized, and the repeated iterative calculation of the operation process can be realized in a short time, thereby providing an optimal preoperative planning scheme or intraoperative real-time simulation for angioplasty.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a virtual balloon angioplasty procedure method and system, the computer-implemented method of virtual angioplasty procedure comprising the steps of:

(1) receiving relevant key parameters of implanted equipment or scanning image data of the equipment; calculating and constructing a database of implants such as a saccule, a stent, a balloon-expandable valve and the like; it will be appreciated that the parameters associated with the implanted device include parameters of the implanted device itself and parameters associated with the instruments used to fabricate the device. Based on these parameters, a model of the implant device can be virtually modeled.

(2) Receiving image data of at least a portion of a target patient's vascular system, the patient's vascular system including one or more vessels having one or more vessel walls; identifying a lesion region in the received vasculature image; generating a patient-specific three-dimensional anatomical model of the portion of the anatomy of the patient and a lesion vessel model using the received image data; and detecting a centerline that generates a patient-specific anatomical model of the blood vessel;

(3) receiving balloon type, balloon length, stent type, stent length, balloon internal air pressure, balloon-expandable stent or balloon-expandable valve implantation position, blood vessel parameters, blood vessel lesion parameters and the like;

(4) generating a computational grid and performing simulated computation of the virtual balloon dilation or virtual balloon-expandable stent or virtual balloon-expandable valve to determine morphological parameter indicators such as plaque displacement, vessel dilation rate, etc.;

(5) performing blood flow simulation on the blood vessel system after the simulated expansion to determine a blood flow simulation result, wherein in the process of the blood flow simulation, a computational fluid mechanics model is applied to a three-dimensional model applied to the blood vessel and combined with parameters of a blood vessel circulation model;

(6) based on the morphological features and the hemodynamic calculations, an assessment is made as to whether to modify the parameters to produce an updated patient-specific anatomical model or to redo the computational simulation, and the results of the assessment are output to an electronic storage medium or display.

Still further, the creating a virtual balloon, stent, balloon-valve database comprises: modeling a saccule, a stent, a spherical expansion stent and a spherical expansion valve frame by using a Micro CT scanning method or a virtual modeling method;

the method is realized by the following steps:

(1) balloon: modeling an image obtained by Micro CT scanning of a target saccule or obtaining the image by a method for virtually manufacturing the saccule, wherein the virtually manufacturing comprises the step of obtaining key parameters of folding and compressing equipment in the saccule manufacturing process to construct a virtually saccule manufacturing algorithm, and the step comprises the steps of- (1.1) obtaining key parameters of the saccule, such as saccule materials, saccule length, saccule diameter, experimental data of saccule internal pressure, model numbers of the folding and compressing equipment and the like, from a medical instrument manufacturer;

(1.2) virtually simulating the manufacturing process of the ball capsule based on the obtained key parameters, wherein the simulation method can be a simulation method of finite elements, a particle method, spring mass points and the like;

(1.3) obtaining a model of the preoperative balloon according to a simulation result; the balloon database built includes: different types of balloons such as medtronic. nc Sprinter, b.braun sequest NEO, MicroPort, pioneeetc and different length widths for each balloon, b.braun sequest NEO 2.0 × 15mm or b.braun sequest NEO 2.0 × 20 mm;

(2) a support: modeling a scanned image obtained by scanning a target support Micro CT or virtually manufacturing to obtain a support model, wherein the virtually manufacturing comprises the steps of obtaining model data parameters of the support, such as support length, angles of unit structures and the like, constructing a framework of the support and then constructing a complete preoperative support model through an algorithm of adding thickness;

(3) balloon expandable stents and balloon expandable valves: the image of the spherical expansion type stent is obtained through Micro CT scanning, modeling is directly carried out, or the image is directly combined with the balloon and the stent or the valve which are virtually manufactured, or the image is obtained in a mode that the virtual balloon and the virtual stent or the valve are crimped.

Furthermore, the image data related to the patient-specific vascular system obtained in step (2) may be a CT image angiogram of the patient, or other patient-specific vascular image information, and a three-dimensional vascular model and a vascular lesion model are constructed through processing the image data.

Still further, step (2) the patient-specific vascular system comprises at least one vessel of interest and one or more vessel segments branching from said vessel of interest, the coronary vasculature; the cerebrovascular system; a peripheral vasculature; the hepatic vasculature; the renal vasculature; the visceral vasculature; or any vasculature having one or more blood vessels.

Furthermore, the balloon type, the balloon length, the stent type, the stent length, the air pressure in the balloon, the implantation position of the balloon or the balloon-expanding stent, the blood vessel parameter and the blood vessel pathological change parameter are selected according to the patient condition in the step (3).

Further, step (4) is to discretize all models into a computable mesh, and determine material parameters by a method similar to finite element simulation for simulation, such as superelastic material properties of blood vessels, metallic material properties of stents. The balloon starts to be inflated under the condition of internal pressure, collision detection is started within a preset range, the collision detection is optimized through a data structure of a binary tree, the blood vessel is displaced through the conduction of collision force when the balloon is in contact with the blood vessel, the balloon stops moving when the balloon is expanded to a certain diameter, at the moment, the system reaches a stable state, then the air pressure in the balloon is adjusted to be zero, the balloon is immediately contracted and withdrawn along a central line, the simulation of the medicine balloon is supplemented, the blood vessel calculation grid in contact with the balloon is judged through contact, and the movement of the blood vessel under the action of medicine after the balloon is withdrawn is simulated through changing the material attribute of the blood vessel grid in contact.

Further, in the step (4), the balloon starts to move under the condition of internal pressure, the collision between the balloon and the stent is detected within a preset range, the stent is slowly expanded through force conduction, the balloon-expanded stent or the valve collides with the blood vessel and expands the blood vessel within a set distance, when the air pressure in the balloon and the external force are stabilized, the air pressure in the balloon is adjusted to be zero, the balloon is immediately contracted and withdrawn along the central line, and the stent or the valve is stabilized in the blood vessel to keep the expanded state of the blood vessel.

Further, the morphological parameter values determined in the step (4) are displacement of lesion tissue, vessel dilatation rate, vessel curvature, vessel surface curvature, vessel centerline curvature change and the like.

Furthermore, the virtual surgery in step (6) can be performed by a hemodynamic simulation, and the hemodynamic method can be a fluid simulation method such as FVM finite volume method, particle method, etc.; the operation result is evaluated in coronary artery, the operation effect is judged by calculating the fluid calculation results of FFR, local shearing stress of blood vessels and the like after operation, if the operation does not achieve the ideal effect, the parameters can be readjusted, and the parameters, such as the balloon type, the balloon length, the stent type, the stent length, the air pressure in the balloon, the balloon-expanded stent or the balloon-expanded valve implantation position and the like can be readjusted to achieve the aim of re-simulation.

Further, a system for virtual balloon angioplasty diagnosis and treatment comprising: establishing a database of virtual implants and establishing patient-specific blood vessels and lesion models; a decision module that decides whether conditions require implantation of a stent or a valve or other implant; if the stent or valvular substance is determined to be required to be implanted, entering a corresponding virtual balloon-expandable stent or valvular-expandable angioplasty module; if the implant is judged not to be needed, entering a virtual balloon dilatation angioplasty simulation module; generating a computational mesh after entering a corresponding module and detecting a centerline of the vascular anatomical model generating the patient specificity; receiving the balloon type, the balloon length, the stent type, the stent length, the air pressure in the balloon, the implantation position of the balloon or the balloon-expanded stent, blood vessel parameters, blood vessel lesion parameters and the like; performing simulation calculation of virtual balloon expansion or virtual balloon-expandable stent or virtual balloon-expandable valve to determine morphological parameter indexes such as plaque displacement and blood vessel expansion rate; performing blood flow simulation on the blood vessel system after the simulated expansion to determine a blood flow simulation result, wherein in the blood flow simulation process, the computational fluid dynamics model is applied to the three-dimensional model of the blood vessel and parameters of the blood vessel circulation model are combined; based on the morphological features and the hemodynamic calculations, an assessment is made as to whether to modify the parameters to produce an updated patient-specific anatomical model or to redo the computational simulation, and the results of the assessment are output to an electronic storage medium or display.

Further, a system apparatus for a virtual balloon angioplasty procedure, comprising: a memory, a processor, a bus, and a communication interface; the processor, the communication interface and the memory are connected through a bus; the memory is for storing a program that implements the risk prediction method of any of claims 1-8, and the processor is for executing the program in the memory.

The invention relates to a diagnosis and treatment method and a system based on virtual balloon angioplasty, which have the following beneficial effects:

1. the method is different from the traditional finite element simulation method, can achieve the effect of simulating the virtual angioplasty in real time, and can quickly calculate the simulation result to be suitable for preoperative simulation in a clinical scene. Where the simulation of a balloon and balloon-type stent or valve is a highlight of the present system.

2. The system can construct a comprehensive implant database, covers various implants required by the vascular interventional operation in a range, and can form a plurality of complete operation schemes before the interventional operation so as to improve the decision-making efficiency of doctors and reduce the risk brought by decision-making.

3. The interventional operation strategy is comprehensively evaluated through morphology and hemodynamics, so that a doctor is helped to make an optimal interventional strategy, accurate operation scheme planning is realized, and the risk depending on manual judgment is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of a system for virtual balloon angioplasty surgery.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the compression process of the untreated balloon of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the folded balloon of the present invention during further compression;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the bracket of the present invention and a crimping assembly of the bracket;

FIG. 5 shows the result of extracting the center line of a blood vessel

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the process of expanding the balloon of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is an initial view of a balloon-expandable stent in a blood vessel.

FIG. 8 is a view showing the expansion process of the balloon expandable stent

FIG. 9 is a diagram of the hemodynamic analysis of the coronary artery before operation

FIG. 10 is a diagram of the hemodynamic analysis of the coronary artery after virtual surgery

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional sectioning analysis of a post-operative and pre-operative released stent region

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the prediction device in the embodiment.

Detailed Description

The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.

In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a virtual balloon angioplasty diagnostic system includes the following steps:

(1) a preoperative preparation module that builds a database of virtual implants and patient-specific vessel models and lesion models of the vessels.

(2) The decision module determines whether to perform balloon angioplasty or stent or valve implantation.

(3) Generating a calculation model and initializing system parameters and calculating vessel centerline, a virtual implant algorithm execution phase. This over-stage may be performed by a virtual balloon dilation procedure or a stent or valve implantation procedure based on previous determinations. And analyzing and confirming the generated simulation result as a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the preoperative scheme.

The virtual balloon angioplasty diagnosis and treatment method comprises the following steps:

(1) receiving key parameters of implanted equipment or scanning image data of the equipment; calculating and constructing a database of implants such as a saccule, a stent, a balloon-expandable valve and the like;

after obtaining the balloon-related key parameters, as shown in fig. 2, a virtual balloon generation algorithm is constructed that folds the constructed unprocessed balloon into the shape of a triangle star. The right side of the first diagram is the folding process and the left side of the first diagram is a partial result of the folding process. Fig. 3 illustrates the process of further compressing the balloon, the right side of fig. 3 illustrating the process of further compressing the folded balloon, and the left side of fig. 3 illustrating a partial result of the process of further compressing the balloon. As shown in fig. 4, the process of manufacturing the balloon-expandable stent includes obtaining parameter information of the stent and constructing a stent model, and further combining the stent with the treated balloon to complete the pre-operation model building of the balloon-expandable stent.

(2) Receiving image data of at least a portion of a target patient's vascular system, the patient's vascular system including one or more vessels having one or more vessel walls; identifying a lesion region in the received vasculature image; generating a patient-specific three-dimensional anatomical model of the portion of the anatomy of the patient and a lesion vessel model using the received image data;

a vessel model is generated from an image of the patient's vessel system as shown in fig. 5 and derived in a conventional model format, such as STL, vtp, etc., the derived vessel system is a coronary vessel model and then the centerline of the affected vessel is extracted. Setting a fixed distance value a, identifying the lesion tissues such as plaques or inflammatory tissues in the lesion regions of the blood vessels within the distance a along the central line by an image recognition algorithm, and segmenting and reconstructing the lesion tissues to be combined with the blood vessel model.

(3) Receiving balloon type, balloon length, stent type, stent length, balloon internal air pressure, balloon-expandable stent or balloon-expandable valve implantation position, blood vessel parameters, blood vessel lesion parameters and patient physiological parameters;

FIG. 6 illustrates a virtual balloon angioplasty simulation procedure in which the balloon begins to expand and contact the vessel under the influence of the internally set atmospheric pressure within the vessel, expanding the vessel under the influence of a collision. Fig. 7 illustrates an initial stage of a simulation process of a virtual bulb-shaped stent, which is placed at a position along the centerline. FIG. 8 is a view illustrating the expansion of a virtual balloon-expandable stent, which is slowly expanded by the internal pressure of a balloon and is determined to be in contact with a blood vessel within a set distance, and the blood vessel is expanded by a collision force after the contact; the vasodilation rate can be determined by cross-section of a specific region of the blood vessel after a pre-operative procedure, as shown in fig. 11.

(5) Performing blood flow simulation on the blood vessel system after the simulated expansion to determine a blood flow simulation result, wherein in the blood flow simulation process, a computational fluid dynamics model is applied to the three-dimensional model of the blood vessel and parameters of the blood vessel circulation model are combined;

setting boundary conditions of blood vessel blood flow calculation according to received physiological parameters of a patient and patient-specific parameters to describe blood flow characteristics at the boundary of a coronary vessel three-dimensional model anatomical model, and calculating blood flow simulation results of the blood vessel three-dimensional model anatomical model based on a Navier-Stokes N-S equation, wherein the results comprise FFR, blood vessel wall shear stress, blood vessel wall pressure and the like, and FIGS. 9 and 10 show the results of the blood flow dynamics simulation before and after a patient operation.

The above prediction method can be performed by the apparatus shown in fig. 12.

Wherein the apparatus comprises: the system comprises a processor, a memory, a bus and a communication interface, wherein the processor, the communication interface and the memory are connected through the bus; the processor is configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory, which when executed, implements the virtual balloon angioplasty diagnostic and treatment method of the present invention.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A virtual balloon angioplasty medical procedure method and system, wherein the computer-implemented method of virtual angioplasty medical procedure comprises the steps of:

(1) receiving relevant key parameters of implanted equipment or scanning image data of the equipment; calculating and constructing a database of the saccule, the stent, the spherical-expanding stent and the spherical-expanding valve implant;

(2) receiving image data of at least a portion of a target patient's vascular system, identifying a lesion region in the received vascular system image; generating a patient-specific three-dimensional anatomical model of the portion of the anatomy of the patient and a lesion vessel model using the received image data; and detecting a centerline that generates a patient-specific anatomical model of the blood vessel;

(3) receiving a balloon type, a balloon length, a stent type, a stent length, balloon internal air pressure, a balloon-expandable stent or balloon-expandable valve implantation position, a blood vessel parameter and a blood vessel lesion parameter;

(4) generating a computational grid and performing simulated calculations of virtual balloon expansion or virtual balloon-expandable stent or virtual balloon-expandable valve to determine morphological parameter indicators such as plaque displacement, vessel expansion rate;

2. The computer-implemented method of a virtual angioplasty procedure of claim 1, wherein: the establishing of the virtual balloon, stent, balloon-expandable valve database comprises: modeling a saccule, a stent, a spherical expansion stent and a spherical expansion valve frame by using a Micro CT scanning method or a virtual modeling method;

the method is realized by the following steps:

(1) balloon: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out modeling on an image obtained by Micro CT scanning of a target saccule or obtaining the image by a method for virtually manufacturing the saccule, wherein the virtually manufacturing comprises the step of obtaining key parameters of folding and compressing devices in the saccule manufacturing process to construct a virtually saccule manufacturing algorithm, and the method comprises the following steps:

(1.1) obtaining basic parameters of the saccule from a medical instrument manufacturer, such as saccule materials, saccule length, experimental data of saccule diameter and saccule internal pressure, model numbers of folding and compressing devices and other key parameters;

(1.3) obtaining a model of the preoperative balloon according to a simulation result; the balloon database built includes: different types of balloons and different lengths and widths of each balloon.

3. The computer-implemented method of a virtual balloon angioplasty procedure of claim 1, wherein: acquiring relevant image data of a patient-specific vascular system in the step (2), wherein the relevant image data can be a CT image angiogram of the patient or other patient-specific vascular image information, and constructing a three-dimensional vascular model and a vascular lesion model by processing the image data, wherein the patient-specific vascular system comprises at least one interested blood vessel and one or more blood vessel segments branching from the interested blood vessel, namely a coronary vascular system; the cerebrovascular system; a peripheral vasculature; the hepatic vasculature; the renal vasculature; the visceral vasculature; or any vasculature having one or more blood vessels.

4. The computer-implemented method of a virtual balloon angioplasty procedure of claim 1, wherein: and (3) selecting the corresponding balloon type, balloon length, stent type, stent length, balloon internal air pressure, balloon or balloon-expanded stent, implantation position of valve, blood vessel parameter and blood vessel pathological change parameter according to the patient condition.

5. The computer-implemented method of a virtual balloon angioplasty procedure of claim 1, wherein: step (4) dispersing all models into a grid capable of being calculated, and determining material parameters for simulation by using an approximate finite element simulation method, such as the superelasticity material property of a blood vessel and the metal material property of a stent; the balloon starts to be inflated under the condition of internal pressure, collision detection is started within a preset range, the collision detection is optimized through a data structure of a binary tree, the blood vessel is displaced through the conduction of collision force when the balloon is in contact with the blood vessel, the balloon stops moving when the balloon is expanded to a certain diameter, at the moment, the system reaches a stable state, then the air pressure in the balloon is adjusted to be zero, the balloon is immediately contracted and withdrawn along a central line, the simulation of the medicine balloon is supplemented, the blood vessel calculation grid in contact with the balloon is judged through contact, and the movement of the blood vessel under the action of medicine after the balloon is withdrawn is simulated through changing the material attribute of the blood vessel grid in contact.

6. The computer-implemented method of a virtual balloon angioplasty procedure of claim 1, wherein: and (4) the saccule starts to move under the condition of internal pressure, the collision between the saccule and the stent or the valve is detected within a preset range, the stent is slowly expanded through force conduction, the balloon-expanded stent collides with the blood vessel and expands the blood vessel within a set distance, when the air pressure in the saccule and the external force are stable, the air pressure in the saccule is adjusted to be zero, the saccule contracts immediately and withdraws along the central line, and the stent or the valve is stabilized in the blood vessel to keep the expanded state of the blood vessel.

7. The computer-implemented method of a virtual balloon angioplasty procedure of claim 1, wherein: the morphological parameter values determined in the step (4) are the displacement of the lesion tissue, the blood vessel expansion rate and the change of the blood vessel curvature.

8. The computer-implemented method of a virtual balloon angioplasty procedure of claim 1, wherein: after the virtual operation, the blood flow dynamics can be simulated through the blood flow dynamics, and the blood flow dynamics method can be an FVM finite volume method, a particle method and a fluid simulation method; the hemodynamic consequences may be pressure, flow velocity, wall shear stress, and the like. Parameters such as balloon type, balloon length, stent type, stent length, balloon internal air pressure, balloon-expandable stent or balloon-expandable valve implantation location, etc. may be readjusted to re-simulate.

9. The system of virtual balloon angioplasty procedure according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps: establishing a database of virtual implants and establishing patient-specific blood vessels and lesion models; a decision module that decides whether conditions require implantation of a stent or a valve or other implant; performing simulation calculation of virtual balloon expansion or virtual balloon-expandable stent or virtual balloon-expandable valve to determine morphological parameter indices such as plaque displacement, vessel expansion rate, vessel surface curvature, vessel centerline curvature; performing blood flow simulation on the blood vessel system after the simulated expansion to determine a blood flow simulation result, wherein in the process of the blood flow simulation, a computational fluid dynamics model is applied to a three-dimensional model of the blood vessel and parameters of a blood vessel circulation model are combined; based on the morphological features and the hemodynamic calculations, an assessment is made as to whether to modify the parameters to produce an updated patient-specific anatomical model or to redo the computational simulation, and the results of the assessment are output to an electronic storage medium or display.

10. The system-based apparatus for virtual balloon angioplasty procedure according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps: a memory, a processor, a bus, and a communication interface; the processor, the communication interface and the memory are connected through a bus; the memory is for storing a program that implements the risk prediction method of any of claims 1-8, and the processor is for executing the program in the memory.