CN114062951A - Battery fault detection device and method - Google Patents

Battery fault detection device and method Download PDF

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CN114062951A
CN114062951A CN202010751258.0A CN202010751258A CN114062951A CN 114062951 A CN114062951 A CN 114062951A CN 202010751258 A CN202010751258 A CN 202010751258A CN 114062951 A CN114062951 A CN 114062951A
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battery
batteries
voltage
time
nth
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林子闵
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Team Young Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种电池故障检测装置与方法，包括：控制单元用以检测电池的开路电压、导通电压以及导通电流，导通电压与导通电流被输出预设数目N次，N>1；控制单元计算电池的第n次的导通电压与在检测时间上与第n次导通电压最接近的开路电压，以及电池的第n次的导通电流，以获得电池的第n次的内电阻值，n为正整数且n＝1至N；于n大于或等于2时，计算电池的第n‑1次的内电阻值与第n次的内电阻值之间的绝对差值，并将所述绝对差值与第n‑1次的内电阻值相除后的结果作为电池的第n次的电阻变化量；以及根据电池的第n次的电阻变化量判断电池是否故障。

Figure 202010751258

The present invention provides a battery fault detection device and method, comprising: a control unit for detecting the open-circuit voltage, the on-voltage and the on-current of the battery, the on-voltage and the on-current are outputted a preset number N times, N>1 ; The control unit calculates the nth turn-on voltage of the battery and the open-circuit voltage closest to the nth turn-on voltage in the detection time, and the nth turn-on current of the battery to obtain the nth turn-on current of the battery. Internal resistance value, n is a positive integer and n=1 to N; when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculate the absolute difference between the internal resistance value of the n-1th time of the battery and the internal resistance value of the nth time, and dividing the absolute difference by the internal resistance value of the n-1th time as the resistance change amount of the nth time of the battery; and judging whether the battery is faulty according to the resistance change amount of the nth time of the battery.

Figure 202010751258

Description

Battery fault detection device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery fault detection device and method.
Background
The prior art has the problem that if one battery fails when a plurality of battery packs are used, the whole plurality of battery packs must stop working, otherwise the explosion or the service life of the battery can be seriously considered. Although different battery fault detection methods are possible at present, the problems are two, firstly, even if a plurality of battery packs on the market know that the battery fault exists, the battery packs can only choose to stop supplying power, and the stable power supply of a back-end system cannot be maintained while the fault is eliminated effectively, and secondly, an accurate and effective battery fault detection method is not available on the market in fact, because the batteries on the market cannot obtain accurate open-circuit voltage (OCV or offline voltage), the open-circuit voltage can be measured after the batteries are offline or before the batteries are started, so that accurate internal resistance of the batteries cannot be effectively obtained during the use period of the batteries, and the general batteries are modeled by resistance and voltage (open-circuit or conducting voltage) to analyze the battery fault behavior; therefore, how to more effectively detect the battery failure needs to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a battery fault detection device for use in a charging/discharging system having M batteries, where M is a positive integer, comprising: m switching circuits, wherein the M switching circuits are connected with the M batteries in a one-to-one manner, so that M-X batteries in the M batteries form a charging/discharging loop, X is a positive integer, and the rest X batteries are offline in the charging/discharging loop to serve as X offline batteries; and at least one control unit connected to the M switching circuits and controlling the M switching circuits to form the charge/discharge loop, the control unit being configured to detect an open-circuit voltage, a turn-on voltage, and a turn-on current of each battery, the turn-on voltage and the turn-on current being output a predetermined number N of times, N > 1; wherein the control unit calculates the turn-on voltage of the nth time of each cell and the open-circuit voltage closest to the turn-on voltage of the nth time at a detection time, and the turn-on current of the nth time of each cell to obtain an internal resistance value of the nth time of each cell, N being a positive integer and N being 1 to N; when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculating an absolute difference value between the internal resistance value of the nth-1 th time and the internal resistance value of the nth time of each battery, and taking a result of dividing the absolute difference value by the internal resistance value of the nth-1 th time as a resistance variation of the nth time of each battery, wherein the control unit can simultaneously detect faults and maintain the operation of the charge/discharge system in the process of obtaining the resistance variation of each battery; judging whether each battery has a fault according to the resistance variation of the nth time of each battery; and comparing the M-X batteries with the X offline batteries respectively, taking the X batteries which are judged to be in fault or meet a switching condition offline from the charging/discharging loop to become new offline batteries, and adding the X offline batteries into the charging/discharging loop so as to maintain the M-X batteries in the charging/discharging loop when the M batteries are in system operation.
In order to achieve the above object, the battery failure detection apparatus according to the present invention is configured such that the switching condition satisfies that the resistance variation amount of the battery at the nth time is greater than a resistance difference preset value, and the battery failure is determined.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a battery failure detection device, wherein the preset resistance difference value ranges from 1% to 5%.
In order to achieve the above object, the battery failure detection device of the present invention is configured such that each of the M switching circuits includes a series switch and a bypass switch, the series switch is connected in series with the battery, the bypass switch is connected with the series switch and the battery and is connected in parallel with the series switch and the battery, and the control unit is configured to drive the series switch and the bypass switch of the switching circuit coupled to each battery to be turned off or on.
In order to achieve the above object, the battery failure detection apparatus of the present invention further includes a voltage measurement unit and a current measurement unit, wherein the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit are electrically connected to the M batteries, respectively, for measuring the open-circuit voltage, the on-state voltage, and the on-state current of each battery, and the control unit is electrically connected to the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit, respectively, for detecting the open-circuit voltage, the on-state voltage, and the on-state current of each battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the battery failure detection apparatus of the present invention further includes an alarm unit for generating an alarm signal when the control unit determines that the battery has failed.
Another primary object of the present invention is to provide a battery fault detection method for use in a charge/discharge system having M batteries, M being a positive integer, comprising: the control unit is connected with the M switching circuits and controls the M switching circuits to enable M-X batteries in the M batteries to form a charging/discharging loop, X is a positive integer, and the rest X batteries are offline in the charging/discharging loop to serve as X offline batteries; the control unit is used for detecting an open-circuit voltage, a conducting voltage and a conducting current of each battery, the conducting voltage and the conducting current are output for a preset number of N times, and N is greater than 1; the control unit calculates the turn-on voltage of the nth time of each cell and the open-circuit voltage closest to the turn-on voltage of the nth time at a detection time, and the turn-on current of the nth time of each cell to obtain an internal resistance value of the nth time of each cell, N being a positive integer and N being 1 to N, and when N is greater than or equal to 2, calculates an absolute difference between the internal resistance value of the nth-1 time and the internal resistance value of the nth time of each cell, and divides a result of the absolute difference and the internal resistance value of the nth-1 time as a resistance variation of the nth time of each cell, the control unit being capable of simultaneously performing fault detection and maintaining operation of the charge/discharge system during the process of obtaining the resistance variation of each cell; judging whether each battery has a fault according to the resistance variation of the nth time of each battery; and comparing the M-X batteries with the X offline batteries respectively, taking the X batteries which are judged to be in fault or meet a switching condition offline from the charging/discharging loop to become new offline batteries, and adding the X offline batteries into the charging/discharging loop so as to maintain the M-X batteries in the charging/discharging loop when the M batteries are in system operation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a battery failure detection method, wherein the switching condition is that the n-th resistance variation of the battery is greater than a preset resistance difference value, and the battery failure is determined.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a battery failure detection method, wherein the preset resistance difference value ranges from 1% to 5%.
In order to achieve the above object, a battery failure detection method according to the present invention is characterized in that the switching condition is that, during discharging, the storage capacity of X batteries having the smallest storage capacity among the M-X batteries is smaller than the storage capacity of the X offline batteries.
In order to achieve the above object, the battery failure detection method according to the present invention is configured such that, during discharging, the switching condition is that the on-voltage of X batteries with the lowest on-voltage among the M-X batteries is smaller than the open-circuit voltage of the X offline batteries.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, the control unit calculates the on-voltage of the nth time of each cell, the open-circuit voltage closest to the on-voltage of the nth time at the detection time, and the on-current of the nth time of each cell to obtain the internal resistance value of the nth time of each cell, where N is a positive integer and N is 1 to N, and specifically: satisfies the following formula (1): r (n) ═ VBC(n)–VOC) (n), wherein R (n) represents the n-th calculated internal resistance value of each cell, VBC(n) denotes the on-voltage, V, of the nth detection of each cellOCRepresents the open circuit voltage of each cell closest to the turn-on voltage at the nth time in the detection time, and i (n) represents the turn-on current of the nth detection of each cell.
Still another primary object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a battery failure of a single battery, comprising: the control unit is used for detecting an open-circuit voltage, a conducting voltage and a conducting current of a battery, wherein the conducting voltage and the conducting current are output for a preset number of N times, and N is greater than 1; the control unit calculates the turn-on voltage of the nth time of the battery, the open-circuit voltage closest to the turn-on voltage of the nth time at a detection time, and the turn-on current of the nth time of the battery to obtain an internal resistance value of the nth time of the battery, wherein N is a positive integer and N is 1 to N; when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculating an absolute difference value between the internal resistance value of the battery at the n-1 th time and the internal resistance value of the battery at the n-1 th time, and taking a result of dividing the absolute difference value by the internal resistance value of the battery at the n-1 th time as a resistance variation of the battery at the n-1 th time; and judging whether the battery is in fault according to the resistance variation of the battery at the nth time.
In order to achieve the above object, the battery failure detecting method according to the present invention is characterized in that the switching condition is that the n-th resistance variation of the battery is larger than a preset resistance difference value, the preset resistance difference value is set to be in a range of 1% to 5%, and the battery failure is determined.
The detailed structure, characteristics, assembly or use of the battery failure detection device and method provided by the present invention will be described in the following detailed description of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
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Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a charging/discharging system having M cells according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which M is 6;
FIG. 2 is a graph of voltage variation data for a battery failure during charging of a battery in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a data diagram illustrating the variation of internal resistance of a battery during a charging failure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The constituent elements, steps and effects of the battery failure detection apparatus and method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the elements, dimensions and appearance of the battery failure detection apparatus and method are merely used to illustrate the technical features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 showing an embodiment of a charging/discharging system 10 having M batteries according to the present invention, where M is 6, the charging/discharging system 10 having M batteries according to the present invention is applied to an electric power system, and the electric power system may be a portable computer, a mobile phone, an electric vehicle, an electric locomotive, a portable small appliance, and other various devices that need to be operated by supplying power through the batteries.
As shown in fig. 1, a charging/discharging system 10 having M batteries is connected to the power system through two ends 11, 13, where M is 6, and includes six batteries 31-36 and a battery failure detection device 50, the battery failure detection device 50 includes six switching circuits 51-56 and a control unit 57, the number of the switching circuits 51-56 is equal to the number of the batteries, the six switching circuits 51-56 are connected to the six batteries 31-36 one-to-one, the control unit 57 is connected to the six switching circuits 51-56, and controls the six switching circuits 51-56 to form a charging/discharging loop. In other words, the control unit 57 has a plurality of connection ports for connecting the six switching circuits 51-56, and the control unit 57 has a plurality of connection ports as can be understood in the art, which is not described herein.
For example, the control unit 57 selects five batteries 31-35 from the six batteries 31-36 to form a charging/discharging loop, and detects the respective electrical properties of the six batteries 31-36, wherein the battery 36 not allocated in the charging/discharging loop is defined as an off-line battery.
It should be noted that, the total voltage of the total number of battery configurations of the conventional power system is equal to the voltage required by the power system, i.e. there is no extra off-line (idle) battery, but the present invention additionally adds one battery in addition to configuring the corresponding battery according to the amount of power required by the power system, therefore, in this embodiment, M is 6, the charging/discharging loop formed by M-1 (equal to 5) batteries is the amount of power required by the power system, and the off-line battery can be left to be allocated.
Although the number of the off-line batteries is one in the embodiment, in practice, the number of the off-line batteries may be two or more. When the off-line batteries are designed to be two or more, the number of the batteries of the charging/discharging loop is M-2 or M-X, and X represents that more than two off-line batteries exist.
When the battery 35 meets a switching condition as a result of comparing the respective electrical properties of the five batteries 31-35 with the electrical properties of the offline battery 36, the control unit 57 selects the battery 35 to be disconnected from the charging/discharging circuit, and adds the offline battery 36 to the charging/discharging circuit, so that the disconnected battery 35 becomes a new offline battery.
Since the control unit 57 includes a charging application and a discharging application, the switching condition also varies with the charging application and the discharging application, and the difference will be described in detail later.
The offline battery can effectively use the Lexate's principle to make the internal chemical composition of the battery obtain better balance at rest. In addition, the battery is disconnected from the charging/discharging loop (i.e. the off-line battery) for measurement, so as to avoid the voltage measurement error and further improve the electrical property estimation accuracy of the off-line battery.
In addition, when any one of the six batteries is in an abnormal state, such as an abnormal change in overvoltage, low voltage or internal resistance, during the charging or discharging process, the control unit 57 can detect the abnormal battery state and turn the battery off-line, thereby improving the safety of the plurality of batteries.
Each switching circuit 51-56 includes a series switch 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 and a bypass switch 513, 523, 533, 543, 553, 563, the series switch 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 connecting the batteries 31-36 in series, the bypass switch 513, 523, 533, 543, 553, 563 connecting the series switch 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 and the batteries 31-36, and forming a parallel connection with the series switch 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 and the batteries 31-36.
The charge/discharge loop is formed by controlling the plurality of switching circuits 51 to 56 by the control unit 57. For example, when the battery 35 in the charging/discharging circuit is switched to a new offline battery and the original offline battery 36 is added to the charging/discharging circuit, the control unit 57 may turn off the series switch 551 of the switching circuit 55 connected to the new offline battery 35 and turn on the bypass switch 553, so that the new offline battery 35 is not charged or discharged, and turn on the series switch 561 of the switching circuit 56 connected to the original offline battery 36 and turn off the bypass switch 563, so that the original offline battery 36 is added to the charging/discharging circuit for charging or discharging.
The above description shows the composition of the charging/discharging system 10 with M batteries according to the present invention, and the discharging application and the charging application, and the control operation of the battery failure detection apparatus 50 and the method will be described in detail later. In other words, the charging/discharging circuit is used for charging or discharging, rather than for both charging and discharging.
An embodiment of the present invention is implemented by equating the battery to a voltage source and a resistor that, when the battery fails, the generation of leakage or short circuit is simulated by connecting a resistor element in parallel, the voltage measured by the prior art through a voltage method after the battery fails is reduced, whether the battery fails or not is judged by comparing the voltage difference between the normal mode and the failure mode, fig. 2 is a voltage variation data graph of the battery failure during the charging of the battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, for example, the full-charge voltage of the lithium ion battery is 4.2 volts (V), the voltage of the battery rises linearly during the charging of the battery, the leakage of the battery occurs during the charging, the measured voltage drops from 4V to 3.96V instantly, the voltage drop difference value is 0.04V, namely, the voltage drop percentage is 1%, which easily falls within a reasonable measurement error range of the voltage measurement device, and it is impossible to accurately judge whether the battery leaks electricity.
In the same experiment as that shown in fig. 2, when the internal resistance of the battery suddenly decreases if the battery fails, such as abnormal leakage, the present invention calculates the internal resistance of the battery by using the open-circuit voltage, the on-state voltage and the on-state current of the battery, calculates an absolute difference between the previous internal resistance and the current internal resistance of each battery, and divides the absolute difference by the previous internal resistance, and determines the battery failure as a current resistance variation of each battery, where the current resistance variation of the battery is greater than a preset resistance difference value, fig. 3 is a data diagram of internal resistance variation of the battery during charging failure, such as a full-charge voltage of the lithium ion battery of 4.2V, and the internal resistance of the battery during charging linearly increases, and leakage occurs during charging of the battery, the internal resistance value of the battery is instantly reduced from 0.30Ohm (Ohm) of the previous time to 0.26Ohm of the current time, the absolute difference value of the internal resistance value of the battery is calculated to be 0.04Ohm, the result of dividing the absolute difference value of 0.04Ohm by the internal resistance value of 0.30Ohm of the previous time is used as the current resistance variation of 13.33% of the battery, the current resistance variation of 13.33% of the battery is larger than a resistance difference preset value, the set range of the resistance difference preset value is between 1% and 5%, the detection sensitivity of the invention in the abnormal state of the battery is found to be superior to the battery fault detection of the traditional voltage method of the figure 2, the battery fault leakage can be accurately and effectively judged, the expected effect is achieved, and the resistance difference change range of the battery can be determined according to the measurement resolution preset value.
Similarly, the present invention is also applicable to open circuit fault detection, when a battery is open-circuited, the internal resistance value of the battery will suddenly increase, the present invention calculates the internal resistance value of the battery by using the open circuit voltage, the on-state voltage and the on-state current of the battery, calculates an absolute difference between the previous internal resistance value and the current internal resistance value of each battery, and divides the absolute difference and the previous internal resistance value to obtain a result as a current resistance variation of each battery, the current resistance variation of the battery is greater than a resistance difference preset value, and the set range of the resistance difference preset value is between 1% and 5% or a larger preset value, and then the battery fault is determined, i.e. the battery fault is open-circuited.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, a battery failure detection apparatus 50 is provided for use in a six-cell charge/discharge system 10, packComprises the following steps: six switching circuits 51-56, each of the switching circuits 51-56 comprises a series switch 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 and a bypass switch 513, 523, 533, 543, 553, 563, the series switches 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 are connected in series with the batteries 31-36, the bypass switches 513, 523, 533, 543, 553, 563 are connected with the series switches 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 and the batteries 31-36, and are connected in parallel with the series switches 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 and the batteries 31-36, the control unit 57 is configured to drive the series switches 511, 521, 531, 541, 551, 561 and the bypass switches 513, 523, 533, 543, 553, 563 of the switching circuits 51-56 coupled correspondingly to each of the batteries 31-36 to be turned on or off, the six switching circuits 51-56 are connected one-to one by one, for example, five batteries 31-35 of the six batteries 31-36 form a charging/discharging loop, and the other battery 36 is taken off-line in the charging/discharging loop as an off-line battery; and a control unit 57 connected to the six switching circuits 51 to 56 and controlling the six switching circuits 51 to 56 to form the charge/discharge circuit, the control unit 57 being configured to detect an open-circuit voltage, a turn-on voltage and a turn-on current of each of the batteries 31 to 36, the turn-on voltage and the turn-on current being output for a predetermined number of N times, N>1; the control unit 57 calculates the on-voltage of the nth time of each of the batteries 31 to 36, the open-circuit voltage closest to the on-voltage of the nth time at the detection time, and the on-current of the nth time of each of the batteries 31 to 36 to obtain an internal resistance value of the nth time of each of the batteries 31 to 36, where N is a positive integer and N is 1 to N, and specifically: satisfies the following formula (1): r (n) ═ VBC(n)–VOC) (n), wherein R (n) represents the n-th calculated internal resistance value, V, of each cell 31-36BC(n) represents the on-voltage, V, detected for the nth time for each cell 31-36OCRepresents the open circuit voltage of each cell 31-36 closest to the turn-on voltage at the nth detection time, I (n) represents the turn-on current of each cell 31-36 detected at the nth detection time, and calculates the turn-on current of each cell 31-36 when n is greater than or equal to 2An absolute difference value between the internal resistance value at the n-1 th time and the internal resistance value at the n-1 th time, and a result of dividing the absolute difference value by the internal resistance value at the n-1 st time is used as a resistance change amount at the n-th time of each of the batteries 31 to 36, and the control unit can simultaneously perform fault detection and maintain the operation of the charge/discharge system during the process of obtaining the resistance change amount of each of the batteries; and comparing the five batteries 31-35 with the one offline battery 36, respectively, and taking the battery 35 determined as a faulty battery or meeting a switching condition offline from the charging/discharging loop to a new offline battery, and adding the offline battery 36 into the charging/discharging loop, so that the six batteries maintain the five batteries in the charging/discharging loop during system operation, for example, the fault or the switching condition is that the resistance variation quantity of the nth time of the battery 35 is greater than a resistance difference preset value, and determining that the battery 35 is faulty, wherein the resistance difference preset value is within a set range of 1% to 5%.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the battery failure detection apparatus 50 of the present invention further includes a voltage measurement unit (not shown) and a current measurement unit (not shown), wherein the voltage measurement unit (not shown) and the current measurement unit (not shown) are electrically connected to the six batteries 31-36 respectively for measuring the open-circuit voltage, the on-state voltage and the on-state current of each battery 31-36 respectively, and the control unit 57 is electrically connected to the voltage measurement unit (not shown) and the current measurement unit (not shown) for detecting the open-circuit voltage, the on-state voltage and the on-state current of each battery 31-36 respectively.
With continuing reference to fig. 1 and 3, the battery failure detection apparatus 50 of the present invention further includes an alarm unit (not shown) for sending an alarm signal (not shown) when the control unit 57 determines that the batteries 31-36 are failed.
Another embodiment of the present invention (not shown) is similar to the aforementioned embodiment of the battery failure detection apparatus 50, and the difference is only that a plurality of control units, i.e. a battery failure detection apparatus, are provided for use in a charging/discharging system having M batteries, where M is a positive integer, including: m switching circuits, wherein the M switching circuits are connected with the M batteries in a one-to-one manner, so that M-X batteries in the M batteries form a charging/discharging loop, X is a positive integer, and the rest X batteries are offline in the charging/discharging loop to serve as offline batteries; and a plurality of control units, the control units are electrically connected with each other, are distributed and connected with the M switching circuits, and control the M switching circuits to form the charging/discharging loop, so as to detect an open-circuit voltage, a conduction voltage and a conduction current of each distributed battery, the conduction voltage and the conduction current are output for a preset number of N times, and N is greater than 1; wherein the control units calculate the turn-on voltage of the nth time of each cell allocated and the open-circuit voltage closest to the turn-on voltage of the nth time at a detection time, and the turn-on current of the nth time of each cell allocated to obtain an internal resistance value of the nth time of each cell allocated, N being a positive integer and N being 1 to N; when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculating an absolute difference value between the internal resistance value of each cell distributed at the n-1 th time and the internal resistance value of each cell distributed at the n-1 th time, and dividing a result of the absolute difference value by the internal resistance value of each cell distributed at the n-1 th time to obtain a resistance variation of each cell distributed at the n-th time, wherein the cells can be simultaneously detected by faults and the operation of the charge/discharge system can be maintained in the process of obtaining the resistance variation of each cell distributed by the control unit; the control unit judges whether each battery has a fault according to the resistance variation of the nth time of each battery; and comparing the M-X batteries with the X offline batteries respectively, taking the X batteries which are judged to be in fault or meet a switching condition offline from the charging/discharging loop to become new offline batteries, and adding the X offline batteries into the charging/discharging loop so as to maintain the M-X batteries in the charging/discharging loop when the M batteries are in system operation.
With continuing reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 and the foregoing description of the battery failure detection apparatus 50, an embodiment of the present invention is describedThe steps of the battery failure detection method for use in a charging/discharging system 10 having M batteries shown in fig. 1, M being a positive integer, M being 6 in the present embodiment, but the battery failure detection method of the present invention is not limited thereto; first, step S1: a control unit 57 connected to the six switching circuits 51-56 and controlling the six switching circuits 51-56 to make five of the six batteries 31-36 form a charging/discharging loop, for example, initially selecting five batteries 31-35 of the batteries 31-36 as the charging loop, and taking the remaining 1 battery 36 offline in the charging/discharging loop as an offline battery; step S2: the control unit 57 is configured to detect an open-circuit voltage, a turn-on voltage and a turn-on current of each of the batteries 31 to 36, where the turn-on voltage and the turn-on current are output for a predetermined number of times N, N>1; step S3: the control unit 57 calculates the on-voltage of the nth time of each of the cells 31 to 36 and the open-circuit voltage closest to the on-voltage of the nth time at the detection time, and the on-current of the nth time of each of the cells 31 to 36 to obtain an internal resistance value of the nth time of each of the cells 31 to 36, where N is a positive integer and N is 1 to N, and specifically: satisfies the following formula (1): r (n) ═ VBC(n)–VOC) (n), wherein R (n) represents the n-th calculated internal resistance value, V, of each cell 31-36BC(n) represents the on-voltage, V, detected for the nth time for each cell 31-36OCI (n) the open circuit voltage of each cell 31-36 closest to the turn-on voltage at the n-th time at the detection time, i (n) the turn-on current of each cell 31-36 detected at the n-th time, when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculating an absolute difference between the internal resistance value of the n-1-th time and the internal resistance value of the n-th time of each cell 31-36, and dividing a result of the absolute difference by the internal resistance value of the n-1-th time as a resistance change amount of each cell 31-36 at the n-th time, the control unit being capable of simultaneously performing fault detection and maintaining the operation of the charge/discharge system in the process of obtaining the resistance change amount of each cell; step S4: judging whether each battery 31-36 is faulty or not according to the resistance change amount of each battery 31-36 at the nth time; and step S5: for example in the fiveAs a result of comparing the respective electrical properties of the batteries 31-35 with the electrical properties of the off-line batteries 36, when one of the batteries 35 of the five batteries 31-35 meets a switching condition, or when one of the batteries 35 of the five batteries 31-35 determines that there is a fault, the control unit 57 controls the switching circuit 55 connected to the battery 35 to take the battery 35 off-line from the charging/discharging loop to become a new off-line battery, so as to allow the battery 35 to temporarily rest, and at the same time, add the off-line battery 36 to the charging/discharging loop, and allow the six batteries 31-36 to maintain the 5 batteries in the charging/discharging loop during system operation.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, in the battery failure detection method according to the present invention, for example, the switching condition is that the resistance variation amount of the nth battery 35 of one of the batteries 31 to 35 is greater than a preset resistance difference value, and the preset resistance difference value is set to range from 1% to 5%, so as to determine that the battery 35 is failed.
The above-described embodiments are illustrative of the battery failure detection method when charging, which can also be used when discharging a battery with reference to fig. 1, but since if a battery fails when discharging, the battery storage capacity thereof is more rapidly decreased, and therefore, the comparison method of the alternate rest electric quantity of the charge/discharge system having six batteries 31 to 36 of fig. 1 can be used for replacement, that is, the battery failure detection method of the present invention, in the embodiment, when discharging, it is determined that a switching condition is satisfied, for example, the switching condition is that the storage capacity of the one 35 having the smallest storage capacity among the five batteries 31 to 35 is smaller than the storage capacity of the off-line battery 36, or when discharging, the switching condition means that the turn-on voltage of the cell 35 with the lowest turn-on voltage among the five cells 31-35 is less than the open-circuit voltage of the offline cell 36.
In another embodiment (not shown) of the present invention, the steps of the battery failure detection method are used in a charge/discharge system having M batteries, similar to the aforementioned embodiment of the battery failure detection method, and the difference is only between a plurality of control units, first, step S1: a plurality of control units electrically connected to each other for distributing and connecting the M switching circuitsA circuit for controlling the M switching circuits to form the charge/discharge circuit; step S2: the control units are used for detecting an open-circuit voltage, a conduction voltage and a conduction current of each distributed battery, and the conduction voltage and the conduction current are output for a preset number of N times>1; step S3: the control units calculate the conducting voltage of the nth time of each distributed battery, the open-circuit voltage which is closest to the conducting voltage of the nth time at the detection time, and the conducting current of the nth time of each distributed battery to obtain an internal resistance value of the nth time of each distributed battery, wherein N is a positive integer and N is 1 to N, and specifically: satisfies the following formula (1): r (n) ═ VBC(n)–VOC) (n), wherein R (n) represents the n-th calculated internal resistance value of each cell, VBC(n) denotes the on-voltage, V, of the nth detection of each cellOCRepresents the open circuit voltage of each cell closest to the turn-on voltage at the nth time in detection time, and i (n) represents the turn-on current of the nth detection of each cell; when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculating an absolute difference value between the internal resistance value of each cell distributed at the n-1 th time and the internal resistance value of each cell distributed at the n-1 th time, and dividing a result of the absolute difference value by the internal resistance value of each cell distributed at the n-1 th time to obtain a resistance variation of each cell distributed at the n-th time, wherein the cells can be simultaneously detected by faults and the operation of the charge/discharge system can be maintained in the process of obtaining the resistance variation of each cell distributed by the control unit; step S4: judging whether each battery has a fault according to the resistance variation of the nth time of each battery; and step S5: comparing the M-X batteries with the X offline batteries respectively, taking the X batteries which are judged to be in fault or meet a switching condition offline from the charging/discharging loop to become new offline batteries, and adding the X offline batteries into the charging/discharging loop so as to maintain the M-X batteries in the charging/discharging loop when the system is in operation.
A battery failure detection method (not shown) according to another embodiment of the present invention for detecting a failure in a single battery includes: first, step S11: a control unit 57 for detecting an open-circuit voltage, a turn-on voltage and a turn-on current of a battery, wherein the open-circuit voltage of the battery can be detected or switched off to disconnect the battery when the power system is shut down or the battery is not needed to supply power, the turn-on voltage and the turn-on current are output for a predetermined number N times, where N > 1; step S12: the control unit 57 calculates the on voltage of the battery at the nth time and the open-circuit voltage closest to the on voltage at the nth time at the detection time, and the on current of the battery at the nth time to obtain an internal resistance value of the battery at the nth time, N being a positive integer and N being 1 to N; step S13: when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculating an absolute difference value between the internal resistance value of the battery at the n-1 th time and the internal resistance value of the battery at the n-1 th time, and taking a result of dividing the absolute difference value by the internal resistance value of the battery at the n-1 th time as a resistance variation of the battery at the n-1 th time; and step S14: and judging whether the battery is in fault according to the resistance variation of the battery at the nth time.
In step S12, the control unit 57 calculates the on-voltage of the battery at the nth time and the open-circuit voltage closest to the on-voltage at the nth time at the detection time, and the on-current of the battery at the nth time to obtain an internal resistance value of the battery at the nth time, where N is a positive integer and N is 1 to N, specifically: satisfies the following formula (1): r (n) ═ VBC(n)–VOC) (n), wherein R (n) represents the internal resistance value calculated the nth time of the battery, VBC(n) represents the on-voltage, V, of the nth detection of the batteryOCIndicating the open circuit voltage of the battery closest to the turn-on voltage for the nth time at a detection time, i (n) indicating the turn-on current of the battery detected for the nth time, calculating an absolute difference value between the internal resistance value of the battery detected for the n-1 th time and the internal resistance value of the battery detected for the nth time when n is greater than or equal to 2, and dividing a result of the absolute difference value by the internal resistance value of the n-1 th time as a resistance variation amount of the battery detected for the nth time, wherein the control unit controls the open circuit voltage of the battery to be the most similar to the turn-on voltage for the nth time, and the control unit controls the open circuit voltage of the battery to be the most similar to the open circuit voltage of the battery detected for the nth time, and the conduction current of the battery to be the most similar to the current of the nth time at the detection time when n is greater than or equal to 2In the process of obtaining the resistance variation amount of the battery, the battery can be simultaneously fault-detected and the operation of the charge/discharge system is maintained.
In step S14, it is determined whether the battery is faulty according to the resistance variation of the battery at the nth time, where the resistance variation is greater than a preset resistance difference value, and the preset resistance difference value ranges from 1% to 5%, and the battery is determined to be faulty.
Finally, it is emphasized that the components disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are merely examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and other equivalents and modifications may be substituted for the components disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1.一种电池故障检测装置，供使用在具有M个电池的充/放电系统，M为正整数，包括：1. A battery failure detection device for use in a charge/discharge system with M batteries, where M is a positive integer, comprising: M个切换电路，所述M个切换电路一对一连接所述M个电池，用以使所述M个电池中的M-X个电池形成充电/放电回路，X为正整数，且使其余X个电池离线于所述充电/放电回路而作为X个离线电池；以及M switching circuits, the M switching circuits are connected to the M batteries one-to-one, so that M-X batteries in the M batteries form a charging/discharging circuit, X is a positive integer, and the remaining X batteries are Batteries are taken offline from the charge/discharge loop as X offline batteries; and 至少一控制单元，连接所述M个切换电路，且控制所述M个切换电路形成所述充电/放电回路，所述控制单元用以检测每个电池的开路电压、导通电压以及导通电流，所述导通电压与所述导通电流被输出预设数目N次，N>1，At least one control unit, connected to the M switching circuits, and controlling the M switching circuits to form the charging/discharging loop, the control unit is used to detect the open-circuit voltage, on-voltage and on-current of each battery , the on-voltage and the on-current are output for a preset number of N times, N>1, 其中，所述控制单元计算每个电池的第n次的所述导通电压与在检测时间上与第n次所述导通电压最接近的所述开路电压，以及每个电池的第n次的所述导通电流，以获得每个电池的第n次的内电阻值，n为正整数且n＝1至N，于n大于或等于2时，计算每个电池的第n-1次的所述内电阻值与第n次的所述内电阻值之间的绝对差值，并将所述绝对差值与第n-1次的所述内电阻值相除后的结果作为每个电池的第n次的电阻变化量，所述控制单元于获得每个电池的所述电阻变化量的过程中，所述电池能同时被故障检测并维持所述充/放电系统的运作，Wherein, the control unit calculates the nth turn-on voltage of each battery and the open-circuit voltage that is closest to the nth turn-on voltage in detection time, and the nth turn-on voltage of each battery to obtain the internal resistance value of the nth time of each battery, n is a positive integer and n=1 to N, when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculate the n-1th time of each battery The absolute difference between the internal resistance value of the nth time and the internal resistance value of the nth time, and the result of dividing the absolute difference value and the internal resistance value of the n-1th time as each The nth resistance variation of the battery, in the process of obtaining the resistance variation of each battery by the control unit, the battery can be simultaneously detected by faults and maintain the operation of the charging/discharging system, 根据每个电池的第n次的所述电阻变化量判断每个电池是否故障，以及将所述M-X个电池分别与所述X个离线电池相比较，而将判断为故障或符合一切换条件的所述X个电池，自所述充电/放电回路中离线而成为新离线电池，并将所述X个离线电池加入所述充电/放电回路，而使所述M个电池于系统运作时维持所述M-X个电池于所述充电/放电回路。Determine whether each battery is faulty according to the n-th resistance change of each battery, and compare the M-X batteries with the X offline batteries respectively, and determine whether the battery is faulty or meets a switching condition. The X batteries are taken offline from the charging/discharging circuit to become new offline batteries, and the X offline batteries are added to the charging/discharging circuit, so that the M batteries remain in the same state during system operation. The M-X batteries are in the charge/discharge loop. 2.根据权利要求1所述的电池故障检测装置，其中，所述切换条件是满足所述电池的第n次的所述电阻变化量大于电阻差异预设值，并判定所述电池故障。2 . The battery failure detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the switching condition is that the resistance change amount of the nth time of the battery is greater than a preset value of resistance difference, and the battery failure is determined. 3 . 3.根据权利要求2所述的电池故障检测装置，其中，所述电阻差异预设值的设定范围介于1％至5％之间。3 . The battery failure detection device according to claim 2 , wherein the preset value of the resistance difference is set in a range of 1% to 5%. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的电池故障检测装置，其中，所述M个切换电路中的每个切换电路包括串联开关及旁路开关，所述串联开关串联连接所述电池，所述旁路开关连接所述串联开关及所述电池，且与所述串联开关及所述电池形成并联连接，所述控制单元用以驱动每个电池对应耦接的所述切换电路的所述串联开关及所述旁路开关的断开或导通。4. The battery failure detection device according to claim 1, wherein each of the M switching circuits comprises a series switch and a bypass switch, the series switch connects the batteries in series, and the bypass switch A switch is connected to the series switch and the battery, and is connected in parallel with the series switch and the battery, and the control unit is used to drive the series switch and the battery of the switching circuit correspondingly coupled to each battery. Turn off or turn on the bypass switch. 5.根据权利要求1所述的电池故障检测装置，还包括电压测量单元以及电流测量单元，所述电压测量单元以及所述电流测量单元分别与所述M个电池电性连接，用以分别测量每个电池的所述开路电压、所述导通电压以及所述导通电流，所述控制单元分别与所述电压测量单元及所述电流测量单元电性连接，用以检测每个电池的所述开路电压、所述导通电压以及所述导通电流。5 . The battery fault detection device according to claim 1 , further comprising a voltage measurement unit and a current measurement unit, the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit are respectively electrically connected to the M batteries for measuring respectively 5 . For the open-circuit voltage, the on-voltage and the on-current of each battery, the control unit is electrically connected to the voltage measurement unit and the current measurement unit, respectively, for detecting all the voltages of each battery. the open-circuit voltage, the on-voltage and the on-current. 6.根据权利要求1所述的电池故障检测装置，还包括警报单元，在所述控制单元判断所述电池故障时，发出警报信号。6. The battery failure detection device according to claim 1, further comprising an alarm unit, which sends out an alarm signal when the control unit judges that the battery is in failure. 7.一种电池故障检测方法，供使用在具有M个电池的充/放电系统，M为正整数，包括：7. A battery fault detection method for use in a charge/discharge system with M batteries, where M is a positive integer, comprising: 至少一控制单元连接M个切换电路，且控制所述M个切换电路，用以使所述M个电池中的M-X个电池形成充电/放电回路，X为正整数，且使其余X个电池离线于所述充电/放电回路而作为X个离线电池；At least one control unit is connected to M switching circuits, and controls the M switching circuits, so as to make M-X batteries in the M batteries form a charging/discharging circuit, X is a positive integer, and make the remaining X batteries offline as X offline batteries in the charge/discharge loop; 所述控制单元用以检测每个电池的开路电压、导通电压以及导通电流，所述导通电压与所述导通电流被输出预设数目N次，N>1；The control unit is used to detect the open-circuit voltage, the on-voltage and the on-current of each battery, and the on-voltage and the on-current are outputted for a preset number N times, N>1; 所述控制单元计算每个电池的第n次的所述导通电压与在检测时间上与第n次所述导通电压最接近的所述开路电压，以及每个电池的第n次的所述导通电流，以获得每个电池的第n次的内电阻值，n为正整数且n＝1至N，于n大于或等于2时，计算每个电池的第n-1次的所述内电阻值与第n次的所述内电阻值之间的绝对差值，并将所述绝对差值与第n-1次的所述内电阻值相除后的结果作为每个电池的第n次的电阻变化量，所述控制单元于获得每个电池的所述电阻变化量的过程中，所述电池能同时被故障检测并维持所述充/放电系统的运作；The control unit calculates the n-th turn-on voltage of each battery and the open-circuit voltage that is closest to the n-th turn-on voltage in detection time, and the n-th turn-on voltage of each battery. The on-current is described to obtain the nth internal resistance value of each battery, n is a positive integer and n=1 to N, when n is greater than or equal to 2, calculate the n-1th time of each battery. The absolute difference between the internal resistance value and the internal resistance value of the nth time, and the result of dividing the absolute difference by the internal resistance value of the n-1th time is used as the value of each battery. For the nth resistance variation, the control unit can simultaneously detect faults and maintain the operation of the charging/discharging system during the process of obtaining the resistance variation of each battery; 根据每个电池的第n次的所述电阻变化量判断每个电池是否故障；以及judging whether each battery is faulty according to the nth resistance change amount of each battery; and 将所述M-X个电池分别与所述X个离线电池相比较，而将判断为故障或符合一切换条件的所述X个电池，自所述充电/放电回路中离线而成为新离线电池，并将所述X个离线电池加入所述充电/放电回路，而使所述M个电池于系统运作时维持所述M-X个电池于所述充电/放电回路。The M-X batteries are respectively compared with the X offline batteries, and the X batteries that are judged to be faulty or meet a switching condition are taken offline from the charging/discharging circuit to become new offline batteries, and The X offline batteries are added to the charge/discharge circuit, so that the M batteries are maintained in the charge/discharge circuit while the system is operating. 8.根据权利要求7所述的电池故障检测方法，其中，所述切换条件是满足所述电池的第n次的所述电阻变化量大于电阻差异预设值，并判定所述电池故障。8 . The battery failure detection method according to claim 7 , wherein the switching condition is that the resistance change amount of the nth time of the battery is greater than a preset value of resistance difference, and the battery failure is determined. 9 . 9.根据权利要求8所述的电池故障检测方法，其中，所述电阻差异预设值的设定范围介于1％至5％之间。9 . The battery failure detection method according to claim 8 , wherein the setting range of the preset value of the resistance difference is between 1% and 5%. 10 . 10.根据权利要求7所述的电池故障检测方法，其中，在放电时，所述切换条件是所述M-X个电池中蓄电容量最少的X个电池的蓄电容量小于所述X个离线电池的蓄电容量。10. The battery failure detection method according to claim 7, wherein, when discharging, the switching condition is that the storage capacity of X batteries with the least storage capacity among the M-X batteries is less than the storage capacity of the X offline batteries of storage capacity. 11.根据权利要求7所述的电池故障检测方法，其中，在放电时，所述切换条件是指所述M-X个电池中所述导通电压最低的X个电池的所述导通电压小于所述X个离线电池的所述开路电压。11 . The battery failure detection method according to claim 7 , wherein, when discharging, the switching condition means that the on-voltage of the X batteries with the lowest on-voltage among the M-X batteries is less than all the 11 . the open circuit voltages of the X offline batteries. 12.根据权利要求7所述的电池故障检测方法，其中，所述控制单元计算每个电池的第n次的所述导通电压与在检测时间上与第n次所述导通电压最接近的所述开路电压，以及每个电池的第n次的所述导通电流，以获得每个电池的第n次的所述内电阻值，n为正整数且n＝1至N，具体为：满足以下的公式(1)：R(n)＝(VBC(n)–VOC)/I(n)，其中R(n)表示每个电池的第n次计算的所述内电阻值，VBC(n)表示每个电池的第n次检测的所述导通电压，VOC表示每个电池在检测时间上与第n次所述导通电压最接近的所述开路电压，I(n)表示每个电池的第n次检测的所述导通电流。12 . The battery failure detection method according to claim 7 , wherein the control unit calculates the nth turn-on voltage of each battery and is closest to the nth turn-on voltage in detection time. 13 . The open circuit voltage of , and the on-current of the nth time of each battery to obtain the internal resistance value of the nth time of each battery, n is a positive integer and n=1 to N, specifically : Satisfies the following formula (1): R(n)=(V BC (n)−V OC )/I(n), where R(n) represents the internal resistance value calculated for the nth time of each battery , V BC (n) represents the on-voltage of the n-th detection of each battery, V OC represents the open-circuit voltage of each battery that is closest to the n-th on-voltage in the detection time, I (n) represents the on-current of the n-th detection of each battery. 13.一种电池故障检测方法，包括：13. A battery failure detection method, comprising: 控制单元用以检测电池的开路电压、导通电压以及导通电流，所述导通电压与所述导通电流被输出预设数目N次，N>1；The control unit is used for detecting the open-circuit voltage, the on-voltage and the on-current of the battery, and the on-voltage and the on-current are outputted for a preset number N times, N>1; 所述控制单元计算所述电池的第n次的所述导通电压与在检测时间上与第n次所述导通电压最接近的所述开路电压，以及所述电池的第n次的所述导通电流，以获得所述电池的第n次的内电阻值，n为正整数且n＝1至N；The control unit calculates the n-th turn-on voltage of the battery and the open-circuit voltage that is closest to the n-th turn-on voltage in detection time, and the n-th turn-on voltage of the battery. the on-current to obtain the n-th internal resistance value of the battery, where n is a positive integer and n=1 to N; 于n大于或等于2时，计算所述电池的第n-1次的所述内电阻值与第n次的所述内电阻值之间的绝对差值，并将所述绝对差值与第n-1次的所述内电阻值相除后的结果作为所述电池的第n次的电阻变化量；以及When n is greater than or equal to 2, calculate the absolute difference between the internal resistance value of the n-1th time of the battery and the internal resistance value of the nth time, and compare the absolute difference with the The result of dividing the internal resistance value of n-1 times is used as the resistance change amount of the nth time of the battery; and 根据所述电池的第n次的所述电阻变化量判断所述电池是否故障。Whether the battery is faulty is determined according to the n-th resistance change amount of the battery.
CN202010751258.0A 2020-07-30 2020-07-30 Battery fault detection device and method Pending CN114062951A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115001119A (en) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-02 广东电网有限责任公司惠州供电局 Storage battery high-resistance judgment and self-healing control system and method
CN117970186A (en) * 2024-04-02 2024-05-03 山东普源电力工程有限公司 Fault diagnosis method and system for distribution room

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115001119A (en) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-02 广东电网有限责任公司惠州供电局 Storage battery high-resistance judgment and self-healing control system and method
CN117970186A (en) * 2024-04-02 2024-05-03 山东普源电力工程有限公司 Fault diagnosis method and system for distribution room
CN117970186B (en) * 2024-04-02 2024-06-07 山东普源电力工程有限公司 Fault diagnosis method and system for distribution room

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