CN114062177A - Hydraulic structure runner concrete abrasion loss monitoring method - Google Patents
Hydraulic structure runner concrete abrasion loss monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114062177A CN114062177A CN202111423095.4A CN202111423095A CN114062177A CN 114062177 A CN114062177 A CN 114062177A CN 202111423095 A CN202111423095 A CN 202111423095A CN 114062177 A CN114062177 A CN 114062177A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic building runner concrete erosion wear loss monitoring method, which belongs to the field of hydraulic buildings and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: firstly, completing the field installation and embedding of the single-bus sensing sensor; step two: sending a data reading command to the single bus perception sensor by utilizing a host microcontroller; step three: reading the unique identification address code of each single bus sensing element in the sensor, and starting to monitor; step four: in the monitoring process, the unique identification address codes of all the single bus sensing elements in the sensor are read and identified continuously; step five: judging the abrasion or cavitation depth of the runner concrete by sensing whether each unibus sensing element embedded in the sensor exists; step six: and finishing monitoring. The method can flexibly regulate and control the monitoring precision and the measuring range according to the actual engineering, has strong anti-interference capability and low engineering cost, and can be deployed in the construction period or the operation period according to the monitoring requirement of the runner lining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic buildings, in particular to a method for monitoring concrete erosion and abrasion loss of a hydraulic building material flow passage.
Background
With the successive construction of large hydro-hub projects, safety maintenance during their operation becomes a major concern for the projects. The water delivery and discharge structure is an important water flow passage for hydraulic engineering, and the lining of the passage is easily abraded (cavitation) and damaged due to the long-term action of water flow, especially high-speed sand-containing water flow, so that the operation safety of the hydraulic structure is seriously affected. In order to monitor the erosion (cavitation) damage and damage conditions of the runner lining at any time so as to adopt reasonable scheduling and engineering measures in time to avoid the occurrence of water conservancy accidents, the development of the erosion (cavitation) monitoring of the runner lining is particularly important.
The conventional method for monitoring the concrete abrasion (cavitation) of the water flowing channel of the hydraulic building basically remains a manual visual inspection method after the water flowing channel is stopped, and only few monitoring sensors are adopted for monitoring the abrasion (cavitation) of the concrete. At present, an abrasion monitoring method based on a resistance type concrete abrasion sensor is provided domestically, but the sensor adopted by the monitoring method has the problems of insufficient precision, small measurement range and the like; a regional distributed water release building cavitation erosion monitoring system has been proposed by a related scholars of the university of Tianjin, but the judgment basis of the monitoring system is not clear enough, a plurality of factors influencing the monitoring result are provided, the calculation method is complex, and misjudgment is easy to generate; the concrete abrasion monitoring method based on the chirped Bragg fiber grating has high precision and strong anti-interference capability, but the comprehensive monitoring is difficult to realize due to high manufacturing cost. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a runner lining erosion monitoring method with strong anti-interference capability, controllable monitoring precision and measuring range and low engineering cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a hydraulic building runner concrete erosion and wear monitoring method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydraulic building runner concrete abrasion loss monitoring method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, completing the field installation and embedding of the single-bus sensing sensor;
step two: sending a data reading command to the single bus perception sensor by utilizing a host microcontroller;
step three: reading the unique identification address code of each single bus sensing element in the sensor, and starting to monitor;
step four: in the monitoring process, the unique identification address codes of all the single bus sensing elements in the sensor are read and identified continuously;
step five: judging the abrasion or cavitation depth of the runner concrete by sensing whether each unibus sensing element embedded in the sensor exists;
step six: and finishing monitoring.
Furthermore, the single-bus sensing sensor comprises a shell, a plurality of hard wires, a connecting wire, a plurality of single-bus sensing elements, a pull-up resistor, a lead-out soft wire, a filling material and a shell, wherein each single-bus sensing element is welded to the same hard wire through the connecting wire, the hard wire is connected with the lead-out soft wire for data transmission, the pull-up resistance welding, The connecting wire, the single bus sensing element and the pull-up resistor.
Furthermore, the number of the hard wires is the root, the hard wires are all solid metal single wires or metal sheets with the diameter not less than 1mm and capable of conducting electricity, the single bus sensing elements are welded on the same side of the hard wires at equal intervals or welded on two sides of the hard wires in a staggered mode, and the connecting wires are copper wires or aluminum wires
Furthermore, the filling material is a material with the abrasion resistance similar to that of the water flowing channel concrete, and comprises water flowing channel concrete abrasion-resistant materials of hydraulic buildings such as epoxy mortar, fine aggregate concrete, high-strength concrete and the like.
Further, the shell material adopts iron sheet or PVC material, the shell is demolishd after the sensor pours into the design, wherein, the diameter of shell is controlled according to the difference of filling material.
Further, the accuracy and the measuring range of the single-bus sensing sensor depend on the distance between the single-bus sensing elements.
Furthermore, in the first step, the single-bus sensing sensors are installed and embedded perpendicular to the water flowing channel plane of the hydraulic structure, and the embedding distance d between the sensors can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual needs of the engineering.
Further, in the second step and the third step, the data reading of the single-bus sensing sensor must strictly follow the single-bus initialization and ROM command sequence, the host microcontroller sends out a reset pulse in the initialization process, each single-bus sensing element responds to a response pulse, and the host microcontroller sends out a ROM command to read the unique identification address code of each single-bus sensing element after detecting the response pulse.
Further, in the fourth step, the monitoring and determining method for the single-bus perception sensor includes the following steps:
after the single-bus sensing sensor is installed and embedded, firstly, the unique identification address code of each single-bus sensing element is read from top to bottom;
in the monitoring process, the identification address codes of the single bus sensing elements are read from top to bottom, whether the single bus sensing elements exist on the sensor is read again, and the single bus sensing elements which cannot be read are considered to be abraded or cavitated together with the runner lining.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can flexibly regulate and control the monitoring precision and the measuring range according to the actual engineering, has strong anti-interference capability and low engineering cost, and can be deployed in the construction period or the operation period according to the monitoring requirement of the runner lining.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the detection and determination method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a single bus sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a single bus sensor configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a single bus sensor configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation of a single bus sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the installation of a single bus sensor according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a hard wire; 2. connecting a lead; 3. a single bus sense element; 4. a filler material; 5. a housing; 6. leading out a flexible lead; 7. a pull-up resistor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for monitoring erosion and abrasion loss of concrete in a flow channel of a hydraulic structure comprises the following steps:
step S101: firstly, completing the field installation and embedding of the single-bus sensing sensor;
step S103: sending a data reading command to the single bus perception sensor by utilizing a host microcontroller;
step S105: reading the unique identification address code of each single bus sensing element 3 in the sensor, and starting to monitor;
step S107: in the monitoring process, the unique identification address codes of all the single bus sensing elements 3 in the sensor are read and identified continuously;
step S109: judging the abrasion or cavitation depth of the runner concrete by sensing whether each unibus sensing element 3 embedded in the sensor exists;
step S111: and finishing monitoring.
Referring to fig. 3-7, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the single-bus sensing sensor includes a housing 5, a plurality of hard wires 1, a connecting wire 2, a plurality of single-bus sensing elements 3, a pull-up resistor 7, a lead-out flexible wire 6, a filling material 4, and a housing 5, each of the single-bus sensing elements 3 is welded to the same hard wire 1 through the connecting wire 2, the hard wire 1 is connected to the lead-out flexible wire 6 for data transmission, the pull-up resistor 7 is welded between a wire connected to a data terminal of the single-bus sensing element 3 and a positive wire for ensuring that an idle state of a single bus is a high level, wherein the housing 5 is tightly filled with the filling material 4 between the hard wire 1, the connecting wire 2, and the single-bus sensing element 3 is welded to the hard wire 1 at equal intervals, the diameter of the housing 5 is sized to satisfy the potting condition of the filler material 4 and to accommodate the rigid lead 1, the connecting lead 2, the single bus sensing element 3, and the pull-up resistor 7.
Specifically, the pull-up resistor 7 clamps an uncertain signal at a high level through a resistor, the resistor plays a role in current limiting at the same time, and the lead-out flexible conductor 6 is a conductor formed by twisting a plurality of conductive solid metal wires with the diameter of less than 1 mm.
In the specific embodiment of this application, the quantity of stereoplasm wire 1 is 3, and is the single wire of solid-state metal or sheetmetal that the diameter is not less than 1mm can electrically conduct, the equidistant welding of monobus perception element 3 is in the same one side of stereoplasm wire 1 or staggered welding in the both sides of stereoplasm wire 1, connecting wire 2 adopts copper wire or aluminium matter wire
Specifically, the single bus sensing element 3 combines an address line, a data line and a control line into one wire, and allows the wire to be hooked.
The single-bus sensing elements 3 are welded on the 3 hard wires 1 at equal intervals, and the sensing elements can be distributed on the same side of the hard wires 1 or distributed on two sides in a staggered mode.
In the specific embodiment of the present application, the filling material 4 is a material having a wear resistance similar to that of the raceway concrete, and includes epoxy mortar, fine aggregate concrete, high-strength concrete and other wear-resistant materials of the raceway concrete of the hydraulic building.
In the specific embodiment of this application, 5 materials of casing adopt iron sheet or PVC material, the sensor pours into behind the design casing 5 demolishs, wherein, the diameter of casing 5 is controlled according to the difference of filling material.
Specifically, when the filling material is organic or inorganic mortar or fine aggregate concrete, the diameter of the shell 5 can be small; if the filling material is high-strength concrete, the diameter of the shell 5 should be not less than 3 times of the maximum grain diameter of the filling concrete.
In the specific embodiment of the present application, the single-bus sensing sensor precision and range depend on the spacing between the single-bus sensing elements 3.
Specifically, if the distance between the single bus sensing elements 3 is large, the accuracy of the single bus sensing sensor is relatively low; on the contrary, if the distance between the single-bus sensing elements 3 is small, the accuracy of the single-bus sensing sensor is relatively high.
More specifically, the single-bus sensing sensor range L depends on the number n of the single-bus sensing elements 3 and the distance b between the single-bus sensing elements 3, the single-bus sensing sensor range can be calculated by L ═ n × b, and the sensor range is large when the number of the single-bus sensing elements 3 is large and the distance is large; on the contrary, the sensor range is relatively small when the number of the single-bus sensing elements 3 is small and the distance is small.
In the specific embodiment of the present application, for the step S101, the single-bus sensing sensor is installed and embedded perpendicular to the water flowing channel plane of the hydraulic structure, and the embedding distance d between the sensors can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual engineering needs.
Specifically, before burying, attention is paid to checking and testing the connection state of each unibus sensing element 3, when burying, attention is paid to keeping the sensor vertical to the water flowing surface, the error of the buried angle is not more than 1 degree, backfill adopts lining wear-resistant materials the same as the water flowing channel of the hydraulic building, manual layered vibration compaction is adopted, and observation cables are wound into bundle buried pipes for laying.
In the specific embodiment of the present application, for the data reading of the single-bus sensing sensor in steps S103 and S105, the data reading of the single-bus sensing sensor must strictly comply with the single-bus initialization and ROM command sequence, the initialization process is implemented by the host microcontroller sending out a reset pulse, each single-bus sensing element 3 responding to the response pulse, and the host microcontroller sending out a ROM command to read the unique identification address code of each single-bus sensing element 3 after detecting the response pulse.
Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present application, for the step S107, the monitoring and determining method for a single-bus sensing sensor includes the following steps:
step S201: after the single-bus sensing sensor is installed and embedded, the unique identification address code of each single-bus sensing element 3 is read from top to bottom;
step S203: in the monitoring process, the address codes are identified according to the single-bus sensing elements 3 from top to bottom, whether the single-bus sensing elements 3 exist on the sensor is read again, and the single-bus sensing elements 3 which cannot be read are considered to be abraded or cavitated together with the runner lining.
Specifically, the thickness L1 that is removed by etching is the product of the spacing b of the single-bus sensing elements 3 and the number n1 of the lost single-bus sensing elements 3, i.e., L1 is n1 × b.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A hydraulic building runner concrete erosion and wear loss monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, completing the field installation and embedding of the single-bus sensing sensor;
step two: sending a data reading command to the single bus perception sensor by utilizing a host microcontroller;
step three: reading the unique identification address code of each single bus sensing element (3) in the sensor, and starting to monitor;
step four: in the monitoring process, the unique identification address codes of all the single-bus sensing elements (3) in the sensor are read and identified continuously;
step five: judging the abrasion or cavitation depth of the runner concrete by sensing whether each unibus sensing element (3) embedded in the sensor exists or not;
step six: and finishing monitoring.
2. The hydraulic structure runner concrete erosion wear monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the single-bus sensing sensor comprises a shell (5), a plurality of hard wires (1), a connecting wire (2), a plurality of single-bus sensing elements (3), a pull-up resistor (7), a leading-out flexible wire (6), a filling material (4) and a shell (5), each single-bus sensing element (3) is welded to the same hard wire (1) through the connecting wire (2), the hard wire (1) is connected with the leading-out flexible wire (6) for data transmission, the pull-up resistor (7) is welded between a wire connected to a data end of the single-bus sensing element (3) and a positive wire for ensuring that the idle state of the single bus is high level, and the shell (5) and the hard wire (1) are arranged, Connecting wire (2) with adopt between monobus perception element (3) filling material (4) fill closely knit, monobus perception element (3) with stereoplasm wire (1) equidistant welding, the size of casing (5) diameter satisfies filling material (4) fill the condition and hold stereoplasm wire (1) connecting wire (2) monobus perception element (3) with pull-up resistance (7).
3. The hydraulic structure material flow passage concrete erosion wear monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the number of the hard wires (1) is 3, the hard wires are all solid metal single wires or metal sheets with the diameter not less than 1mm, the single bus sensing elements (3) are welded on the same side of the hard wires (1) at equal intervals or welded on two sides of the hard wires (1) in a staggered mode, and the connecting wires (2) are copper wires or aluminum wires.
4. The hydraulic structure runner concrete abrasion loss monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the filling material (4) is a material having abrasion resistance similar to that of the runner concrete, and comprises epoxy mortar, fine aggregate concrete, high-strength concrete and other hydraulic structure runner concrete abrasion-resistant materials.
5. The hydraulic structure logistics channel concrete impact wear loss monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the shell (5) is made of iron sheet or PVC, the shell (5) is removed after the sensor is poured and molded, and the diameter of the shell (5) is controlled according to different pouring materials.
6. The hydraulic structure logistics channel concrete abrasion loss monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein the accuracy and the measuring range of the single-bus sensing sensor are determined by the distance between the single-bus sensing elements (3).
7. The hydraulic structure logistics channel concrete abrasion loss monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the single-bus sensing sensors are installed and embedded perpendicular to the level of the hydraulic structure logistics channel, and the embedding distance d between the sensors can be flexibly adjusted according to actual engineering requirements.
8. The concrete erosion loss monitoring method for the hydraulic structure logistics channel according to claim 2 is used in the second step and the third step, the data reading of the single-bus sensing sensor must strictly follow a single-bus initialization and ROM command sequence, the initialization process is implemented by sending a reset pulse by the host microcontroller, each single-bus sensing element (3) responds to a response pulse, and after the host microcontroller detects the response pulse, the host microcontroller sends a ROM command to read the unique identification address code of each single-bus sensing element (3).
9. The hydraulic structure logistics channel concrete abrasion loss monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the monitoring and judging method of the single-bus perception sensor comprises the following steps:
after the single-bus sensing sensor is installed and embedded, the unique identification address code of each single-bus sensing element (3) is read from top to bottom;
in the monitoring process, address codes are identified according to the single-bus sensing elements (3) from top to bottom, whether the single-bus sensing elements (3) on the sensor exist or not is read again, and the single-bus sensing elements (3) which cannot be read are considered to be abraded or cavitated together with the runner lining.
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