CN114062144A - Hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system and method - Google Patents
Hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention provides a hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system and an experiment method, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises an original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device, a hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device and a hydraulic fracturing crack monitoring device; the original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device is used for simulating the triaxial stress state of the experimental test piece by loading a preset stress on the experimental test piece; the hydraulic sand fracturing simulator is used for performing hydraulic fracturing on the experimental test piece by injecting fracturing fluid with preset pressure and flow; the hydraulic fracturing crack monitoring device is used for monitoring the magnetic field intensity of magnetic fluid squeezed into the experimental test piece through a plurality of magnetic field intensity probe sensors, and acquiring the initiation and propagation evolution parameters of the crack in the experimental test piece by positioning the magnetic fluid through a three-dimensional magnetic target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geological exploration, in particular to a hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system and an experiment method.
Background
The coal bed gas reservoir has geological characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, low gas saturation, low driving energy and the like, the porosity is generally 4-8%, and the permeability is generally 0.01 multiplied by 10-15～5.0×10-15m2The gas content of the coal bed is 2.87-24.63 m3T, average 13.78m3And t, the natural productivity is low, the economical efficiency is poor, and the exploitation is difficult. Therefore, the coal bed gas commercial development must be transformed by hydraulic sand fracturing to form artificial fractures with high flow conductivity. The buried depth of the underground high-coal-rank coal bed containing coal bed gas is 417.93-1527.49 m, the ground stress is as high as about 30MPa, the rock stress is in a true triaxial state, and the hydrostatic pressure is as high as 10 MPa. At present, the development mode of 'vertical well + hydraulic sand-carrying fracturing' in China is an effective technical approach for low-permeability coal gas exploitation and outburst elimination of coal. In order to accurately evaluate the fracturing hydraulic fracturing effect and optimize fracturing design parameters, hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring is very important. The fracture monitoring technology can obtain the extension condition of the hydraulic fracture in the underground, and various parameter information such as geometric form, size, azimuth and the like. At present, the crack monitoring method applied to the mine field mainly comprises well temperature logging, ground underground inclinometer, microseism monitoring and the like. The microseism monitoring is the most widely applied method, but has the defects of inaccurate measurement, incapability of measuring the distribution of proppant and fluid, easiness in interference, large inversion calculation amount and the like. Therefore, the coal rock hydraulic sand adding is carried out under the condition of true triaxial stress in the laboratory experiment researchThe experimental device for the fracture propagation conditions, the fracture propagation influence rule, the proppant migration and sedimentation rule and the damage evolution mechanism is very necessary, and the research on the aspect in the prior art is rarely reported.
At present, in the prior art at home and abroad, the applied hydraulic fracturing experimental device can only research fracture initiation pressure and rock deformation in the hydraulic fracturing process of rocks under different stress conditions, and the expansion direction of fractured cracks, the shape and the quantity of the fractured cracks and the like, cannot simulate hydraulic sanding fracturing under different stress conditions, is difficult to meet the experimental research requirements of accurate control of hydraulic sanding fracturing parameters and real-time monitoring of proppant migration conditions, and cannot effectively provide theoretical support for the design of a field hydraulic sanding fracturing process and the research of a reservoir transformation technology. Therefore, the method is very important for realizing the physical simulation experiment of the hydraulic sand fracturing of the crude rock and the real-time monitoring of the cracks under the true triaxial crustal stress condition, main control factors influencing the gas production rate of coal bed gas single wells of coal beds with different coal body structures are found out through a large number of experiments, and the optimal technical countermeasures are made to guide the actual production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system and an experiment method, which solve the problems that the hydraulic sand fracturing process of a large-size true triaxial original rock test piece is difficult to simulate, the hydraulic fracturing crack initiation and the extension change rule of a supporting crack of the experiment test piece are difficult to monitor in real time synchronously, the formation, the expansion evolution process and the supporting crack form distribution rule of the crack are monitored in real time, and reference is provided for optimizing on-site fracturing design parameters.
In order to achieve the above object, the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system provided by the present invention specifically comprises: the system comprises an original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device, a hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device and a hydraulic fracturing crack monitoring device; the original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device is used for simulating the triaxial stress state of the experimental test piece by loading a preset stress on the experimental test piece; the hydraulic sand fracturing simulator is used for performing hydraulic fracturing on the experimental test piece by injecting fracturing fluid with preset pressure and flow; the hydraulic fracturing crack monitoring device is used for monitoring the magnetic field intensity of magnetic fluid squeezed into the experimental test piece through a plurality of magnetic field intensity probe sensors, and acquiring the initiation and propagation evolution parameters of the crack in the experimental test piece by positioning the magnetic fluid through a three-dimensional magnetic target.
In the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system, preferably, the hydraulic sand fracturing simulator comprises a low-pressure liquid supply module and a high-pressure liquid supply module; the low-pressure liquid supply module comprises a liquid preparation tank, a liquid supply pump, a sand mixing device and a low-pressure manifold; the liquid preparation tank is used for providing fracturing liquid for the liquid supply pump; the liquid supply pump is arranged on the liquid preparation tank, and a fracturing fluid output end of the liquid supply pump is communicated with a fracturing fluid inlet end of the sand mixing device through a converging pipeline of a low-pressure manifold and is used for pumping the fracturing fluid in the liquid preparation tank to the sand mixing device for preparing fracturing sand mixing fluid; the high-pressure liquid supply module comprises a pumping device and a high-pressure manifold; the high-pressure manifold is arranged in a fracturing shaft on the end face of the experimental test piece, and the pumping device is sequentially connected with the sand mulling device and the high-pressure manifold and used for pumping fracturing sand mulling liquid in the sand mulling device to the experimental test piece for hydraulic sand adding fracturing.
In the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system, preferably, the pump injection device is a high-pressure plunger pump, the flow range is 0-1.0 m3/min, and the pressure range is 0-60 MPa.
In the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system, preferably, the original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device comprises a fracturing experiment cavity and a hydraulic loading control module;
a loading frame is arranged in the fracturing experiment cavity, a hydraulic multidimensional stress loading assembly is arranged on the loading frame, and the multidimensional stress loading assembly loads preset stress on an experiment test piece placed in the fracturing experiment cavity through hydraulic oil provided by a connected servo oil source; the hydraulic loading control module is connected with the servo oil source and used for controlling the servo oil source to provide hydraulic oil for the multi-dimensional stress loading assembly.
In the above hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system, preferably, the multidimensional stress loading assembly includes loader arrays arranged on the loading frame, the number of the loader arrays arranged is 3, and the loader arrays are respectively perpendicular to the left and right side surfaces, the lower upper end surface and the rear front surface of the experiment test piece.
In the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system, preferably, the hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring device comprises a data acquisition and processing module and a plurality of magnetic field strength probe sensors; the magnetic field intensity probe sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the loading frame, the axes of the magnetic field intensity probe sensor are perpendicular to the fracturing shaft of the end face of the experiment test piece, and the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic substance squeezed into the experiment test piece is monitored; the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the magnetic field strength probe sensor and used for carrying out three-dimensional magnetic target positioning on the magnetic substance according to the magnetic field strength obtained by monitoring the magnetic field strength probe sensor to obtain the initiation and expansion evolution parameters of the internal crack of the experimental test piece.
In the above hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system, preferably, the system further comprises a fracturing fluid discharge device, and the fracturing fluid discharge device is used for recovering the fracturing fluid discharged by the original reservoir and the ground stress field simulation device and the hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device.
In the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system, the experiment test piece size is preferably 3000mm × 800mm × 800mm or 800mm × 800mm × 800 mm.
The invention also provides an experimental method suitable for the hydraulic sand fracturing experimental system, which comprises the following steps: acquiring experiment demand parameters, and loading three-dimensional stress on the experiment test piece according to the experiment demand parameters; drilling a bare intraocular pressure split hole in the center of the end face of the experimental test piece, and constructing a fracturing shaft according to the bare intraocular pressure split hole and a preset fracturing pipe column; collecting a background magnetic field of the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system; injecting a magnetic fracturing pad fluid into the experimental test piece through a hydraulic sand fracturing simulator and the fracturing shaft according to the experimental demand parameters, fracturing a rock stratum at a preset fracturing position of the experimental test piece to form an artificial fracture with a preset shape, and recording injection speed and injection pressure data of each time point; injecting a magnetic fracturing sand-carrying fluid into the experimental test piece through a hydraulic fracturing simulator and the fracturing shaft, supporting the artificial fracture by using the magnetic fracturing sand-carrying fluid, and monitoring the magnetic field intensity change condition inside the experimental test piece through a hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring device; and acquiring the initiation and propagation evolution parameters of the internal crack of the experimental test piece according to the background magnetic field, the injection speed and injection pressure data and the magnetic field intensity change condition.
In the above experimental method, preferably, the experimental specimen has a size of 3000mm × 800mm × 800mm or 800mm × 800mm × 800 mm; the external diameter of naked eye pressure lobe is 40mm, and the degree of depth is 600 mm.
In the above experimental method, preferably, the loading the three-dimensional stress on the experimental specimen according to the experimental demand parameter includes: and applying three-dimensional stress to the experimental test piece step by step according to a preset step, loading vertical crustal stress along the axial direction of the open hole fracturing hole, and loading the minimum horizontal stress and the maximum horizontal stress respectively in the bedding direction parallel to the experimental test piece through a multi-dimensional stress loading assembly.
The invention also provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method when executing the computer program.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the above method.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: because the experimental test piece is large in size, the influence of size effect and boundary effect can be greatly reduced, and the experimental result of hydraulic sand fracturing of the experimental test piece is ensured to be more consistent with the actual situation of field fracturing; the three-direction load independent flexible loading is realized, the real ground stress of a reservoir can be simulated to the maximum extent, so that the simulated ground stress experiment condition is more similar to the actual condition of the stratum; by arranging the magnetic field intensity probe sensor, the formation, the expansion evolution process and the support fracture form distribution rule of a large-size experimental test piece can be monitored and positioned in real time, quantifiable data and visual images are provided, the main control factors influencing the dynamic fracture initiation expansion and the support fracture formation are determined according to the fracture monitoring data images, a scientific research method is provided for the hydraulic fracture initiation expansion damage rule of the experimental test piece, and technical reference is provided for the field fracturing design.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-dimensional stress loading assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an experimental method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and, although a logical order is illustrated in the flow charts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
The invention provides a hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system, which specifically comprises: the system comprises an original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device, a hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device and a hydraulic fracturing crack monitoring device; the original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device is used for simulating the triaxial stress state of the experimental test piece by loading a preset stress on the experimental test piece; the hydraulic sand fracturing simulator is used for performing hydraulic fracturing on the experimental test piece by injecting fracturing fluid with preset pressure and flow; the hydraulic fracturing crack monitoring device is used for monitoring the magnetic field intensity of magnetic fluid squeezed into the experimental test piece through a plurality of magnetic field intensity probe sensors, and acquiring the initiation and propagation evolution parameters of the crack in the experimental test piece by positioning the magnetic fluid through a three-dimensional magnetic target. Furthermore, the experimental system can also comprise a fracturing fluid discharging device, and the fracturing fluid discharging device is used for recovering the fracturing fluid discharged by the original reservoir stratum and the ground stress field simulation device and the hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a large-size true triaxial visual hydraulic sand fracturing experimental system in actual work includes an original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device 1, a hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device 2, a hydraulic fracture monitoring device 3, and a fracturing fluid discharge device 4. The original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device 1 is used for loading different stresses on an experimental test piece so as to simulate the true triaxial stress state of the experimental test piece; the hydraulic sand fracturing simulator 2 comprises a low-pressure liquid supply device and a high-pressure liquid injection device, and is used for injecting various fracturing liquids at different pressures and flow rates to realize hydraulic fracturing of an experimental test piece; the low-pressure liquid supply device comprises a liquid preparation (storage) tank, a supply pump, a sand mixing device and a low-pressure pipeline, wherein the liquid preparation (storage) tank is positioned at the upper part of the low-pressure liquid supply device and is matched with the liquid supply pump, the liquid preparation (storage) tank, the sand mixing device and the supply pump are connected through the low-pressure pipeline, the liquid preparation (storage) tank is provided with a fracturing liquid supply pump, and the outlet of the fracturing liquid supply pump is communicated with the fracturing liquid inlet end of the sand mixing device through a low-pressure manifold converging pipeline; the high-pressure injection device comprises an injection pump and a high-pressure manifold, the high-pressure manifold is arranged in a fracturing shaft on the end face of the experimental test piece, the pump injection device is sequentially connected with the sand mulling device and the high-pressure manifold, and hydraulic sand fracturing is carried out on the experimental test piece by injecting fracturing sand mulling liquid through the pump; the hydraulic sand fracturing crack real-time monitoring device comprises a plurality of magnetic field strength probe sensors, a data acquisition and collection processing module and a liquid crystal electronic display module, wherein the magnetic field strength probe sensors are arranged on the outer surface of a loading frame in a fracturing experiment cavity, the axes of the magnetic field strength probe sensors are vertical to a fracturing shaft on the end face of an experiment test piece, the magnetic field strength probe sensors are used for monitoring the strength of the magnetic field strength of a magnetic substance squeezed by an injection pump, and three-dimensional magnetic target positioning is carried out to monitor the initiation and expansion evolution parameters of cracks in the experiment test piece; the size range of the experimental test piece is 800-2400 mm in length, 500-800 mm in width and 400-800 mm in height, and due to the fact that the size of the experimental test piece is large, the influence of size effect and boundary effect can be greatly reduced, and the experimental result of hydraulic sand fracturing of the experimental test piece is ensured to be more consistent with the actual situation of field fracturing; in actual use, the test piece size may be set to 3000mm × 800mm × 800mm or 800mm × 800mm × 800 mm. The fracturing fluid discharge device 4 comprises a waste fluid pool and a waste fluid recovery pipeline and is used for recovering fracturing fluid discharged from the original reservoir and outlets on two sides of the ground stress field simulation device 1 through backflow pipelines and fracturing fluid discharged by the hydraulic sand-adding fracturing simulation device 2 in a emptying mode.
In one embodiment of the invention, the hydraulic sand fracturing simulator comprises a low-pressure liquid supply module and a high-pressure liquid supply module; the low-pressure liquid supply module comprises a liquid preparation tank, a liquid supply pump, a sand mixing device and a low-pressure manifold; the liquid preparation tank is used for providing fracturing liquid for the liquid supply pump; the liquid supply pump is arranged on the liquid preparation tank, and a fracturing fluid output end of the liquid supply pump is communicated with a fracturing fluid inlet end of the sand mixing device through a converging pipeline of a low-pressure manifold and is used for pumping the fracturing fluid in the liquid preparation tank to the sand mixing device for preparing fracturing sand mixing fluid; the high-pressure liquid supply module comprises a pumping device and a high-pressure manifold; the high-pressure manifold is arranged in a fracturing shaft on the end face of the experimental test piece, and the pumping device is sequentially connected with the sand mulling device and the high-pressure manifold and used for pumping fracturing sand mulling liquid in the sand mulling device to the experimental test piece for hydraulic sand adding fracturing. The original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device comprises a fracturing experiment cavity and a hydraulic loading control module; a loading frame is arranged in the fracturing experiment cavity, a hydraulic multidimensional stress loading assembly is arranged on the loading frame, and the multidimensional stress loading assembly loads preset stress on an experiment test piece placed in the fracturing experiment cavity through hydraulic oil provided by a connected servo oil source; the hydraulic loading control module is connected with the servo oil source and used for controlling the servo oil source to provide hydraulic oil for the multi-dimensional stress loading assembly.
In actual work, the original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device 1 comprises a fracturing experiment cavity and a hydraulic loading control module, a loading frame is arranged in the fracturing experiment cavity, a hydraulic multidimensional stress loading assembly is arranged on the loading frame and connected with a servo oil source, hydraulic oil is provided by the servo oil source to flexibly load the multidimensional stress loading assembly, and the hydraulic loading control module is connected with the servo oil source to control the servo oil source in real time. By arranging the multidimensional stress loading assembly in the original reservoir and the ground stress field simulation device 1, the independent uniform or non-uniform loading of three-way load is realized, so that the ground stress simulation experiment data is more real and accurate.
Referring to fig. 2, in the above embodiment, the multidimensional stress loading assembly includes 3 loader arrays arranged on the loading frame, and the loader arrays are respectively perpendicular to the left and right side surfaces, the lower upper end surface, and the rear front surface of the experimental test piece. Wherein the loader array and the experimental test piece can be separated by a gas capsule and a rigid gasket; during actual use, the test piece can be respectively and correspondingly perpendicular to the left side surface, the lower plane and the front side surface of the test piece. The number of the magnetic field strength probe sensors is 363, the magnetic field strength probe sensors are arranged on three loading surfaces of the original reservoir and the ground stress field simulation device 1, and 121 magnetic field strength probe sensors are arranged on each loading surface. The pump injection device is a high-pressure plunger pump, the high-pressure plunger pump plays a role in stabilizing liquid flow and accurately testing differential pressure, the high-pressure plunger pump can be used for carrying out experimental tests under different flow rates, the flow rate range is 0-1.0 m3/min, and the pressure range is 0-60 MPa.
In one embodiment of the invention, the hydraulic fracture monitoring device comprises a data acquisition and processing module and a plurality of magnetic field intensity probe sensors; the magnetic field intensity probe sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the loading frame, the axes of the magnetic field intensity probe sensor are perpendicular to the fracturing shaft of the end face of the experiment test piece, and the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic substance squeezed into the experiment test piece is monitored; the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the magnetic field strength probe sensor and used for carrying out three-dimensional magnetic target positioning on the magnetic substance according to the magnetic field strength obtained by monitoring the magnetic field strength probe sensor to obtain the initiation and expansion evolution parameters of the internal crack of the experimental test piece. When the hydraulic fracture monitoring device is actually used, the hydraulic fracture monitoring device can further comprise a liquid crystal display module, and the liquid crystal display module is used for displaying the initiation and propagation evolution parameters of the internal fracture of the experimental test piece; the data acquisition and processing module can contain flow sensor, pressure sensor, and during the use, flow sensor, pressure sensor and magnetic field intensity probe sensor are connected with data acquisition and processing module, liquid crystal display module. The experimental test piece comprises a rock sample body (original rock or artificial rock) and a simulation shaft, and is in a cuboid or cube shape with a regular plane; the specific structure can be seen in fig. 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the present invention further provides an experimental method suitable for the hydraulic sand fracturing experimental system, where the method includes:
s401, acquiring experiment demand parameters, and loading three-dimensional stress on the experiment test piece according to the experiment demand parameters;
s402, drilling a bare intraocular pressure split hole in the center of the end face of the experimental test piece, and constructing a fracturing shaft according to the bare intraocular pressure split hole and a preset fracturing pipe column;
s403, collecting a background magnetic field of the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system;
s404, according to the experiment demand parameters, injecting a magnetic fracturing pad fluid into the experiment test piece through a hydraulic sand fracturing simulator and the fracturing shaft, fracturing a rock stratum at a preset fracturing position of the experiment test piece to form an artificial fracture with a preset shape, and recording injection speed and injection pressure data of each time point;
s405, injecting a magnetic fracturing sand-carrying fluid into the experimental test piece through a hydraulic fracturing simulator and the fracturing shaft, supporting the artificial fracture by using the magnetic fracturing sand-carrying fluid, and monitoring the magnetic field intensity change condition inside the experimental test piece through a hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring device;
s406, acquiring the initiation and propagation evolution parameters of the internal crack of the experimental test piece according to the background magnetic field, the injection speed and injection pressure data and the magnetic field intensity change condition.
Wherein the size of the experimental test piece is 3000mm multiplied by 800mm or 800mm multiplied by 800 mm; the external diameter of naked eye pressure lobe is 40mm, and the degree of depth is 600 mm.
In the above embodiment, the loading the three-dimensional stress on the experimental test piece according to the experimental demand parameter includes: and applying three-dimensional stress to the experimental test piece step by step according to a preset step, loading vertical crustal stress along the axial direction of the open hole fracturing hole, and loading the minimum horizontal stress and the maximum horizontal stress respectively in the bedding direction parallel to the experimental test piece through a multi-dimensional stress loading assembly.
In order to facilitate understanding of the experimental method and the usage flow of the experimental system, the following embodiments are described in an integrated manner by taking practical examples, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the description is only for facilitating understanding of practical application examples of the above embodiments of the present invention, and is not further limited.
The specific flow of the experimental method is as follows:
1) the method comprises the steps of drilling a hard roof rock core on site, preparing the obtained rock core into a plurality of test pieces with the size of phi 25mm multiplied by 50mm or phi 150mm multiplied by 100mm, and carrying out tests such as uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, tensile strength, shearing strength, fracture toughness and the like on a GCTS-RTR-1000 rock mechanics testing system to obtain rock mechanics parameters, deformation fracture characteristics, permeability characteristics and three-dimensional ground stress under stratum conditions.
2) And (3) processing a rock sample, namely cutting and processing the stratum rock core taken on site into an experimental test piece with the size of 800mm multiplied by 800mm through hydraulic cutting.
3) The method comprises the steps of arranging magnetic sensors, arranging hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring devices 3 on three loading surfaces of an original reservoir and a ground stress field simulation device 1 in an array mode, arranging magnetic field strength probe sensors of the hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring devices 3 on the three loading surfaces of the original reservoir and the ground stress field simulation device 1, arranging 121 magnetic field strength probe sensors on each loading surface in an array mode, and connecting a flow sensor, a pressure sensor and the magnetic field strength probe sensors with a data acquisition and processing module and a liquid crystal display module.
4) Loading three-dimensional stress, conveying the coal rock test piece to an experiment cavity of an original reservoir and a ground stress field simulation device 1, designing a confining pressure value according to experiment requirements, synchronously applying the three-dimensional stress to the experiment test piece, gradually applying the three-dimensional stress according to a certain pressure gradient each time, loading vertical ground stress along the axial direction of a fracturing bare hole of the experiment test piece, and respectively loading horizontal minimum ground stress and horizontal maximum ground stress in the bedding direction parallel to the experiment test piece 2; in order to prevent the experiment test piece from cracking caused by too large differential pressure, the pressurization is stopped when the confining pressure reaches the experiment requirement.
5) Presetting a fracturing simulation shaft, drilling a bare eye pressure crack hole in the center of the end face of an experimental test piece of an original reservoir and a ground stress field simulator 1, wherein the outer diameter of the bare eye pressure crack hole is 40mm, the depth of the bare eye pressure crack hole is 600mm, fixing a high-strength fracturing pipe column with the outer diameter of 40mm and the inner diameter of 30mm to the fracturing bare eye pressure hole by adopting cement to serve as the fracturing simulation shaft, forming a 30mm fracturing simulation shaft, welding a fracturing pipe with the outer diameter of 6mm and the inner diameter of 3mm and the length of 1000mm on a high-strength fracturing pipeline, connecting a pressure gauge with the fracturing pipe column, and arranging a built-in thread at the upper end of the fracturing pipeline, wherein the built-in thread is hermetically connected with an injection pump through a fracturing pump pipeline;
6) measuring an initial background magnetic field, starting the hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring device 3, and measuring the initial background magnetic field of a hydraulic fracturing physical model under the condition of simulating formation stress;
7) squeezing and injecting a front hydraulic fracturing crack and monitoring magnetofluid information, starting a hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device 2, injecting a magnetic fracturing front fluid into an experimental test piece from a fracturing string, adjusting different injection speeds through a control module of an injection pump, and pressing and opening a rock stratum at a preset fracturing part to form an artificial crack with a certain length, width and height; the flow and the pressure of the injection pump are monitored through a flow sensor and a pressure sensor, the injection pressure is monitored and recorded in the whole experiment process, and time points of different injection speeds are recorded;
8) squeezing and injecting a sand-carrying fluid to support the cracks and monitoring the information of magnetic particles, starting a hydraulic sand-adding fracturing simulation device 2, injecting a fracturing sand-carrying fluid formed by mixing magnetic fluid and magnetic particles into an experimental test piece from a fracturing pipe column, adjusting different injection speeds through a control module of an injection pump, and carrying and laying in the dynamic artificial cracks pressed by the fracturing pre-fluid to form effective supporting cracks; the flow and the pressure of the hydraulic sand fracturing simulator 2 are monitored through a flow sensor and a pressure sensor, and the magnetic field intensity change characteristics of the experimental test piece in the hydraulic sand fracturing process are synchronously monitored in real time in the hydraulic sand fracturing process;
9) the hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring device 3 synchronously collects and processes monitoring data in real time, the collecting unit obtains an initial background magnetic field measured in the step 6) and a hydraulic fracturing fracture strengthening magnetic field data signal measured in the step 7) and 8) in real time, and the computer processing unit synchronously processes, analyzes and analyzes the hydraulic fracturing and magnetic field strength data signals in real time to obtain the fracture propagation evolution process condition and the support fracture form real-time distribution form of the experimental test piece.
10) And the fracturing fluid discharge device 4 recovers the fracturing fluid discharged from the original reservoir and the outlet pipelines at two sides of the ground stress field simulation device 1 in the hydraulic sand fracturing process.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: because the experimental test piece is large in size, the influence of size effect and boundary effect can be greatly reduced, and the experimental result of hydraulic sand fracturing of the experimental test piece is ensured to be more consistent with the actual situation of field fracturing; the three-direction load independent flexible loading is realized, the real ground stress of a reservoir can be simulated to the maximum extent, so that the simulated ground stress experiment condition is more similar to the actual condition of the stratum; by arranging the magnetic field intensity probe sensor, the formation, the expansion evolution process and the support fracture form distribution rule of a large-size experimental test piece can be monitored and positioned in real time, quantifiable data and visual images are provided, the main control factors influencing the dynamic fracture initiation expansion and the support fracture formation are determined according to the fracture monitoring data images, a scientific research method is provided for the hydraulic fracture initiation expansion damage rule of the experimental test piece, and technical reference is provided for the field fracturing design.
The invention also provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method when executing the computer program.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the above method.
As shown in fig. 5, the electronic device 600 may further include: communication module 110, input unit 120, audio processing unit 130, display 160, power supply 170. It is noted that the electronic device 600 does not necessarily include all of the components shown in fig. 5; furthermore, the electronic device 600 may also comprise components not shown in fig. 5, which may be referred to in the prior art.
As shown in fig. 5, the central processor 100, sometimes referred to as a controller or operational control, may include a microprocessor or other processor device and/or logic device, the central processor 100 receiving input and controlling the operation of the various components of the electronic device 600.
The memory 140 may be, for example, one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, or other suitable device. The information relating to the failure may be stored, and a program for executing the information may be stored. And the central processing unit 100 may execute the program stored in the memory 140 to realize information storage or processing, etc.
The input unit 120 provides input to the cpu 100. The input unit 120 is, for example, a key or a touch input device. The power supply 170 is used to provide power to the electronic device 600. The display 160 is used to display an object to be displayed, such as an image or a character. The display may be, for example, an LCD display, but is not limited thereto.
The memory 140 may be a solid state memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), a SIM card, or the like. There may also be a memory that holds information even when power is off, can be selectively erased, and is provided with more data, an example of which is sometimes called an EPROM or the like. The memory 140 may also be some other type of device. Memory 140 includes buffer memory 141 (sometimes referred to as a buffer). The memory 140 may include an application/function storage section 142, and the application/function storage section 142 is used to store application programs and function programs or a flow for executing the operation of the electronic device 600 by the central processing unit 100.
The memory 140 may also include a data store 143, the data store 143 for storing data, such as contacts, digital data, pictures, sounds, and/or any other data used by the electronic device. The driver storage portion 144 of the memory 140 may include various drivers of the electronic device for communication functions and/or for performing other functions of the electronic device (e.g., messaging application, address book application, etc.).
The communication module 110 is a transmitter/receiver 110 that transmits and receives signals via an antenna 111. The communication module (transmitter/receiver) 110 is coupled to the central processor 100 to provide an input signal and receive an output signal, which may be the same as in the case of a conventional mobile communication terminal.
Based on different communication technologies, a plurality of communication modules 110, such as a cellular network module, a bluetooth module, and/or a wireless local area network module, may be provided in the same electronic device. The communication module (transmitter/receiver) 110 is also coupled to a speaker 131 and a microphone 132 via an audio processor 130 to provide audio output via the speaker 131 and receive audio input from the microphone 132 to implement general telecommunications functions. Audio processor 130 may include any suitable buffers, decoders, amplifiers and so forth. In addition, an audio processor 130 is also coupled to the central processor 100, so that recording on the local can be enabled through a microphone 132, and so that sound stored on the local can be played through a speaker 131.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A hydraulic sand fracturing experimental system, comprising: the system comprises an original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device, a hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device and a hydraulic fracturing crack monitoring device;
the original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device is used for simulating the triaxial stress state of the experimental test piece by loading a preset stress on the experimental test piece;
the hydraulic sand fracturing simulator is used for performing hydraulic fracturing on the experimental test piece by injecting fracturing fluid with preset pressure and flow;
the hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring device is used for monitoring the magnetic field intensity of magnetic fluid squeezed into the experimental test piece under the action of the original reservoir stratum and the ground stress field simulation device and the hydraulic sand fracturing simulation device through a plurality of magnetic field intensity probe sensors, and acquiring the initiation and expansion evolution parameters of the internal fracture of the experimental test piece by carrying out three-dimensional magnetic target positioning on the magnetic fluid.
2. The hydraulic sanding fracturing experiment system of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic sanding fracturing simulator comprises a low pressure liquid supply module and a high pressure liquid supply module;
the low-pressure liquid supply module comprises a liquid preparation tank, a liquid supply pump, a sand mixing device and a low-pressure manifold;
the liquid preparation tank is used for providing fracturing liquid for the liquid supply pump;
the liquid supply pump is arranged on the liquid preparation tank, and a fracturing fluid output end of the liquid supply pump is communicated with a fracturing fluid inlet end of the sand mixing device through a converging pipeline of a low-pressure manifold and is used for pumping the fracturing fluid in the liquid preparation tank to the sand mixing device for preparing fracturing sand mixing fluid;
the high-pressure liquid supply module comprises a pumping device and a high-pressure manifold;
the high-pressure manifold is arranged in a fracturing shaft on the end face of the experimental test piece, and the pumping device is sequentially connected with the sand mulling device and the high-pressure manifold and used for pumping fracturing sand mulling liquid in the sand mulling device to the experimental test piece for hydraulic sand adding fracturing.
3. The hydraulic sanding fracturing experiment system of claim 2, wherein the pumping device is a high-pressure plunger pump, the flow rate ranges from 0 to 1.0m3/min, and the pressure ranges from 0 to 60 MPa.
4. The hydraulic sanding fracturing experimental system of claim 1, wherein the original reservoir and ground stress field simulation device comprises a fracturing experimental cavity and a hydraulic loading control module;
a loading frame is arranged in the fracturing experiment cavity, a hydraulic multidimensional stress loading assembly is arranged on the loading frame, and the multidimensional stress loading assembly loads preset stress on an experiment test piece placed in the fracturing experiment cavity through hydraulic oil provided by a connected servo oil source;
the hydraulic loading control module is connected with the servo oil source and used for controlling the servo oil source to provide hydraulic oil for the multi-dimensional stress loading assembly.
5. The hydraulic sanding fracturing experiment system of claim 4, wherein the multidimensional stress loading assembly comprises 3 uniformly arranged loader arrays arranged on the loading frame and respectively arranged in a manner of being perpendicular to the left side surface, the right side surface, the lower upper end surface and the rear front surface of the experiment specimen.
6. The hydraulic sanding fracturing experiment system of claim 4, wherein the hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring device comprises a data acquisition and processing module and a plurality of magnetic field strength probe sensors;
the magnetic field intensity probe sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the loading frame, the axes of the magnetic field intensity probe sensor are perpendicular to the fracturing shaft of the end face of the experiment test piece, and the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic substance squeezed into the experiment test piece is monitored;
the data acquisition and processing module is connected with the magnetic field strength probe sensor and used for carrying out three-dimensional magnetic target positioning on the magnetic substance according to the magnetic field strength obtained by monitoring the magnetic field strength probe sensor to obtain the initiation and expansion evolution parameters of the internal crack of the experimental test piece.
7. The hydraulic sanding fracturing experimental system of claim 1 further comprising a fracturing fluid discharge device for recovering fracturing fluid discharged from the virgin reservoir and the ground stress field simulating device and the hydraulic sanding fracturing simulating device.
8. The hydraulic sanding fracturing experiment system of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the experimental test piece size is 3000mm x 800mm or 800mm x 800 mm.
9. An experimental method suitable for the hydraulic sand fracturing experimental system of claim 1, wherein the method comprises:
acquiring experiment demand parameters, and loading three-dimensional stress on the experiment test piece according to the experiment demand parameters;
drilling a bare intraocular pressure split hole in the center of the end face of the experimental test piece, and constructing a fracturing shaft according to the bare intraocular pressure split hole and a preset fracturing pipe column;
collecting a background magnetic field of the hydraulic sand fracturing experiment system;
injecting a magnetic fracturing pad fluid into the experimental test piece through a hydraulic sand fracturing simulator and the fracturing shaft according to the experimental demand parameters, fracturing a rock stratum at a preset fracturing position of the experimental test piece to form an artificial fracture with a preset shape, and recording injection speed and injection pressure data of each time point;
injecting a magnetic fracturing sand-carrying fluid into the experimental test piece through a hydraulic fracturing simulator and the fracturing shaft, supporting the artificial fracture by using the magnetic fracturing sand-carrying fluid, and monitoring the magnetic field intensity change condition inside the experimental test piece through a hydraulic fracturing fracture monitoring device;
and acquiring the initiation and propagation evolution parameters of the internal crack of the experimental test piece according to the background magnetic field, the injection speed and injection pressure data and the magnetic field intensity change condition.
10. The test method according to claim 9, wherein the test specimen size is 3000mm x 800mm or 800mm x 800 mm; the external diameter of naked eye pressure lobe is 40mm, and the degree of depth is 600 mm.
11. The experimental method of claim 9, wherein loading the experimental specimen with three-way stress according to the experimental demand parameter comprises: and applying three-dimensional stress to the experimental test piece step by step according to a preset step, loading vertical crustal stress along the axial direction of the open hole fracturing hole, and loading the minimum horizontal stress and the maximum horizontal stress respectively in the bedding direction parallel to the experimental test piece through a multi-dimensional stress loading assembly.
12. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any of claims 9 to 11 when executing the computer program.
13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any of claims 9 to 11.
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