CN114061729A - Rotor Abrupt Vibration Fault Location Method and System - Google Patents

Rotor Abrupt Vibration Fault Location Method and System Download PDF

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CN114061729A
CN114061729A CN202111232415.8A CN202111232415A CN114061729A CN 114061729 A CN114061729 A CN 114061729A CN 202111232415 A CN202111232415 A CN 202111232415A CN 114061729 A CN114061729 A CN 114061729A
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vibration
rotor
fault
point
phase angle
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Inventor
邓中乙
陈悦
吴仲
张辉
李建华
刘海东
章正林
阮圣奇
陈胜利
肖宇煊
庞靖
邢海波
李敬豪
袁昊
邵飞
司翔宇
宋勇
朱涛
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Datang Boiler Pressure Vessel Examination Center Co Ltd
East China Electric Power Test Institute of China Datang Corp Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Datang Boiler Pressure Vessel Examination Center Co Ltd
East China Electric Power Test Institute of China Datang Corp Science and Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
    • G01H1/006—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines of the rotor of turbo machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/14—Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines

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Abstract

本发明公开一种转子突变振动故障定位方法及系统，包括：步骤1、记录转子两端同一方向上振动突变前的振动向量

Figure DDA0003316358310000011
和
Figure DDA0003316358310000012
突变后的振动向量
Figure DDA0003316358310000013
和
Figure DDA0003316358310000014
步骤2、计算振动变化量
Figure DDA0003316358310000015
步骤3、对振动变化量
Figure DDA0003316358310000016
和
Figure DDA0003316358310000017
进行谐分量分解
Figure DDA0003316358310000018
其中
Figure DDA0003316358310000019
的相位角为α，
Figure DDA00033163583100000110
的相位角为β；步骤4、若α‑β≈90°或α‑β≈‑90°，则说明振动故障点靠近A侧；若
Figure DDA00033163583100000111
远大于1，则说明振动变量以同向分量为主，则相应的故障点位于转子中间部位。本发明采用对转子故障前后的振动变化量进行谐分量分解，从而得到
Figure DDA00033163583100000112
的相位角为α，
Figure DDA00033163583100000113
的相位角为β，根据相位角判断故障点，整个计算过程简单，定位准确。

Figure 202111232415

The invention discloses a method and a system for locating a rotor sudden change vibration fault.

Figure DDA0003316358310000011
and
Figure DDA0003316358310000012
Mutated vibration vector
Figure DDA0003316358310000013
and
Figure DDA0003316358310000014
Step 2. Calculate the amount of vibration change
Figure DDA0003316358310000015
Step 3. Change the amount of vibration
Figure DDA0003316358310000016
and
Figure DDA0003316358310000017
Perform harmonic component decomposition
Figure DDA0003316358310000018
in
Figure DDA0003316358310000019
The phase angle is α,
Figure DDA00033163583100000110
The phase angle is β; in step 4, if α‑β≈90° or α‑β≈‑90°, it means that the vibration fault point is close to side A; if
Figure DDA00033163583100000111
Much larger than 1, it means that the vibration variable is dominated by the same direction component, and the corresponding fault point is located in the middle of the rotor. The invention adopts the harmonic component decomposition of the vibration variation before and after the rotor failure, so as to obtain
Figure DDA00033163583100000112
The phase angle is α,
Figure DDA00033163583100000113
The phase angle of β is β, and the fault point is judged according to the phase angle. The whole calculation process is simple and the positioning is accurate.

Figure 202111232415

Description

转子突变振动故障定位方法及系统Rotor Abrupt Vibration Fault Location Method and System

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及汽轮机机械振动故障分析技术领域，具体来说是一种转子突变振动故障定位方法及系统。The invention relates to the technical field of steam turbine mechanical vibration fault analysis, in particular to a method and system for locating a rotor sudden vibration fault.

背景技术Background technique

当汽轮机发生振动故障时，往往会导致一些不良后果产生，使汽轮机正常的运行和生产受到较大的影响，甚至会导致汽轮机整体发生毁坏的情况。当机组出现一些振动故障的时候，不仅要判断故障的性质，还要对故障点在转子的轴向和周向位置进行定位。When a steam turbine has a vibration failure, it often leads to some adverse consequences, which greatly affects the normal operation and production of the steam turbine, and even leads to the overall destruction of the steam turbine. When some vibration faults occur in the unit, it is necessary not only to judge the nature of the fault, but also to locate the fault point in the axial and circumferential positions of the rotor.

对于一些突变振动的诊断定位，不仅能对故障的性质判断提供辅助判据，对于发电机转子匝间短路等隐蔽故障的定位，也能为机组检修指引方向，避免检修范围的无谓扩大。而目前技术近能够检测转子存在故障，缺无法精确判定故障点。如申请号为202110668493.6公开的基于小波-灰度共生矩阵的发动机转子碰磨故障诊断方法，解决传统方法存在故障识别精度较低，神经网络方法对样本及硬件要求较高、训练较为繁琐的问题。具体步骤为：1)采集发动机碰摩数据；2)对发动机碰摩数据进行小波变换，得到振动信号小波变换图；3)将振动信号小波变换图转化成灰度图，并提取灰度图的灰度共生矩阵图像特征量，构造特征向量；4)对特征向量设置标签，并将特征向量分割为训练集和测试集；5)将训练集输入到机器学习算法支持向量机中进行训练，获得训练好的支持向量机；6)将测试集输入到训练好的支持向量机中，实现发动机转子碰磨故障诊断。该方法虽然能够解决故障诊断的问题，但是无法定位故障位置。The diagnosis and location of some sudden vibrations can not only provide auxiliary criteria for judging the nature of the fault, but also guide the direction of unit maintenance for the location of hidden faults such as inter-turn short circuit in the generator rotor, and avoid unnecessary expansion of the maintenance scope. However, the current technology can detect the failure of the rotor, and it is impossible to accurately determine the fault point. For example, the method for diagnosing engine rotor rubbing faults based on wavelet-gray-level co-occurrence matrix disclosed in application number 202110668493.6 solves the problems of low fault recognition accuracy in traditional methods, high requirements on samples and hardware for neural network methods, and cumbersome training. The specific steps are: 1) collecting the engine rubbing data; 2) performing wavelet transformation on the engine rubbing data to obtain a wavelet transform image of the vibration signal; 3) converting the wavelet transform image of the vibration signal into a grayscale image, and extracting the gray level co-occurrence matrix image feature quantity, construct feature vector; 4) set the label to the feature vector, and divide the feature vector into training set and test set; 5) input the training set into the machine learning algorithm support vector machine for training, obtain The trained support vector machine; 6) Input the test set into the trained support vector machine to realize the fault diagnosis of engine rotor friction. Although this method can solve the problem of fault diagnosis, it cannot locate the fault location.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明所要解决的技术问题在于如何快速定位转子故障位置。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to quickly locate the rotor fault position.

本发明通过以下技术手段实现解决上述技术问题的：The present invention realizes and solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:

转子突变振动故障定位方法，对称转子包括转子、对称固定在所述转子上的多个级别叶片、支撑点A、B；所述支撑点A、B分别对转子的两端提供支撑；假设某个级别叶片发生脱落，则故障点位置的判定方法为：The method for locating rotor sudden vibration faults. A symmetrical rotor includes a rotor, multiple levels of blades symmetrically fixed on the rotor, and support points A and B; the support points A and B respectively provide support for both ends of the rotor; assuming a certain If the level blade falls off, the method for determining the location of the fault point is:

步骤1、记录转子两端同一方向上振动突变前的振动向量

Figure BDA0003316358290000011
和
Figure BDA0003316358290000012
突变后的振动向量
Figure BDA0003316358290000013
和
Figure BDA0003316358290000014
Step 1. Record the vibration vector before the sudden change of vibration in the same direction at both ends of the rotor
Figure BDA0003316358290000011
and
Figure BDA0003316358290000012
Mutated vibration vector
Figure BDA0003316358290000013
and
Figure BDA0003316358290000014

步骤2、计算振动变化量

Figure BDA0003316358290000015
Step 2. Calculate the amount of vibration change
Figure BDA0003316358290000015

步骤3、对振动变化量

Figure BDA0003316358290000021
和
Figure BDA0003316358290000022
进行谐分量分解
Figure BDA0003316358290000023
其中
Figure BDA0003316358290000024
的相位角为α，
Figure BDA0003316358290000025
的相位角为β；Step 3. Change the amount of vibration
Figure BDA0003316358290000021
and
Figure BDA0003316358290000022
Perform harmonic component decomposition
Figure BDA0003316358290000023
in
Figure BDA0003316358290000024
The phase angle is α,
Figure BDA0003316358290000025
The phase angle is β;

步骤4、若α-β≈90°或α-β≈-90°，则说明振动故障点靠近A侧；若

Figure BDA0003316358290000026
远大于1，则说明振动变量以同向分量为主，则相应的故障点位于转子中间部位。Step 4. If α-β≈90° or α-β≈-90°, it means that the vibration fault point is close to side A; if
Figure BDA0003316358290000026
Much larger than 1, it means that the vibration variable is dominated by the same direction component, and the corresponding fault point is located in the middle of the rotor.

本发明采用对转子故障前后的振动变化量进行谐分量分解，从而得到

Figure BDA0003316358290000027
的相位角为α，
Figure BDA0003316358290000028
的相位角为β，根据相位角判断故障点，整个计算过程简单，定位准确。The invention adopts the harmonic component decomposition of the vibration variation before and after the rotor failure, so as to obtain
Figure BDA0003316358290000027
The phase angle is α,
Figure BDA0003316358290000028
The phase angle of β is β, and the fault point is judged according to the phase angle. The whole calculation process is simple and the positioning is accurate.

进一步的，同一转子上另一个方向上的振动，依据步骤1～步骤4计算并判断。Further, the vibration in another direction on the same rotor is calculated and judged according to steps 1 to 4.

进一步的，所述步骤4中，当α-β≈90°时，故障位置为

Figure BDA0003316358290000029
其中脱落点距离A侧加重平面为La，支撑点A、B两侧加重平面的轴向距离为L，
Figure BDA00033163582900000210
为同向分量影响系数，
Figure BDA00033163582900000211
为反向分量影响系数。Further, in the step 4, when α-β≈90°, the fault location is
Figure BDA0003316358290000029
The distance between the drop-off point and the weighted plane on side A is L a , and the axial distance between the weighted planes on both sides of the support point A and B is L,
Figure BDA00033163582900000210
is the influence coefficient of the same direction component,
Figure BDA00033163582900000211
is the influence coefficient of the reverse component.

进一步的，所述步骤4中，当α-β≈-90°时，故障位置为

Figure BDA00033163582900000212
Further, in the step 4, when α-β≈-90°, the fault location is
Figure BDA00033163582900000212

与上述方法对应的，本发明还提供一种转子突变振动故障定位系统，对称转子包括转子、对称固定在所述转子上的多个级别叶片、支撑点A、B；所述支撑点A、B分别对转子的两端提供支撑；假设某个级别叶片发生脱落，则故障点位置的判定系统包括：Corresponding to the above method, the present invention also provides a rotor sudden change vibration fault location system. The symmetrical rotor includes a rotor, multiple levels of blades symmetrically fixed on the rotor, support points A, B; the support points A, B Provide support for both ends of the rotor; assuming that a certain level of blades falls off, the determination system for the location of the fault point includes:

转子突变前后振动向量记录模块，用以记录转子两端同一方向上振动突变前的振动向量

Figure BDA00033163582900000213
和
Figure BDA00033163582900000214
突变后的振动向量
Figure BDA00033163582900000215
和
Figure BDA00033163582900000216
The vibration vector recording module before and after the rotor mutation is used to record the vibration vector before the vibration mutation in the same direction at both ends of the rotor
Figure BDA00033163582900000213
and
Figure BDA00033163582900000214
Mutated vibration vector
Figure BDA00033163582900000215
and
Figure BDA00033163582900000216

振动变化量计算模块，计算振动变化量

Figure BDA00033163582900000217
Vibration change calculation module, calculate vibration change
Figure BDA00033163582900000217

谐分量分解模块，对振动变化量

Figure BDA00033163582900000218
和
Figure BDA00033163582900000219
进行谐分量分解
Figure BDA00033163582900000220
Figure BDA00033163582900000221
Harmonic Component Decomposition Module, for Vibration Variation
Figure BDA00033163582900000218
and
Figure BDA00033163582900000219
Perform harmonic component decomposition
Figure BDA00033163582900000220
Figure BDA00033163582900000221

其中

Figure BDA00033163582900000222
的相位角为α，
Figure BDA00033163582900000223
的相位角为β；in
Figure BDA00033163582900000222
The phase angle is α,
Figure BDA00033163582900000223
The phase angle is β;

故障点判断模块，若α-β≈90°或α-β≈-90°，则说明振动故障点靠近A侧；若

Figure BDA0003316358290000031
远大于1，则说明振动变量以同向分量为主，则相应的故障点位于转子中间部位。Fault point judgment module, if α-β≈90° or α-β≈-90°, it means that the vibration fault point is close to side A; if
Figure BDA0003316358290000031
Much larger than 1, it means that the vibration variable is dominated by the same direction component, and the corresponding fault point is located in the middle of the rotor.

进一步的，同一转子上另一个方向上的振动，依据步骤1～步骤4计算并判断。Further, the vibration in another direction on the same rotor is calculated and judged according to steps 1 to 4.

进一步的，所述故障点判断模块中，当α-β≈90°时，故障位置为

Figure BDA0003316358290000032
其中脱落点距离A侧加重平面为La，支撑点A、B两侧加重平面的轴向距离为L，
Figure BDA0003316358290000033
为同向分量影响系数，
Figure BDA0003316358290000034
为反向分量影响系数。Further, in the fault point judgment module, when α-β≈90°, the fault position is
Figure BDA0003316358290000032
The distance between the drop-off point and the weighted plane on side A is L a , and the axial distance between the weighted planes on both sides of the support point A and B is L,
Figure BDA0003316358290000033
is the influence coefficient of the same direction component,
Figure BDA0003316358290000034
is the influence coefficient of the reverse component.

进一步的，所述故障点判断模块中，当α-β≈-90°时，故障位置为

Figure BDA0003316358290000035
Further, in the fault point judgment module, when α-β≈-90°, the fault position is
Figure BDA0003316358290000035

本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:

本发明属于转子振动故障诊断和故障定位方法，适用于布置有在线振动监测系统的旋转设备上，通过测量转子发生结构故障前后的振动数据，对转子故障前后的振动变化量进行谐分量分解，从而得到

Figure BDA0003316358290000036
的相位角为α，
Figure BDA0003316358290000037
的相位角为β，根据相位角判断故障点在轴向的相对位置，整个计算过程简单，对于结构故障的定位准确，结合不同设备转子结构特点，可准确判断转子发生故障的部件位置。The invention belongs to a rotor vibration fault diagnosis and fault location method, and is suitable for rotating equipment arranged with an on-line vibration monitoring system. By measuring the vibration data before and after a structural fault of the rotor occurs, the vibration variation before and after the rotor fault is decomposed into harmonic components, thereby get
Figure BDA0003316358290000036
The phase angle is α,
Figure BDA0003316358290000037
The phase angle of β is β, and the relative position of the fault point in the axial direction is judged according to the phase angle. The whole calculation process is simple, and the location of the structural fault is accurate. Combined with the structural characteristics of the rotor of different equipment, the position of the faulty component of the rotor can be accurately judged.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例中转子突变振动故障定位方法所应用的对称转子的结构简图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a symmetrical rotor to which the rotor abrupt vibration fault location method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied;

图2为本发明实施例中转子突变振动故障定位方法的流程框图。FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for locating a rotor sudden vibration fault according to an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the present invention. examples, but not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

本实施例提供一种转子突变振动故障定位方法，如图1所示，图1为一个对称转子的结构简图，包含转子、叶片和支撑轴瓦A和B。对于这样一个转子及支撑点A、B系统，其转子发生机构故障(如某级叶片出现了部件脱落，脱落质量为m，脱落点距离A侧加重平面为La，A、B两侧加重平面的轴向距离为L)后，产生振动变化，如图2所示，其故障点位置的判定方法主要是：This embodiment provides a method for locating a rotor sudden vibration fault. As shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a symmetrical rotor, including rotors, blades, and support bearing bushes A and B. For such a system of rotors and support points A and B, the rotor has a mechanism failure (for example, a certain level of blade has parts falling off, the falling quality is m, the distance between the falling point and the weighting plane on the A side is L a , and the weighting plane on both sides of A and B is L a . After the axial distance is L), a vibration change occurs, as shown in Figure 2, the method for determining the location of the fault point is mainly:

步骤1、记录转子两端同一方向上(X方向或Y方向)，振动突变前的振动向量

Figure BDA0003316358290000041
和
Figure BDA0003316358290000042
突变后的振动向量
Figure BDA0003316358290000043
和
Figure BDA0003316358290000044
Step 1. Record the vibration vector before the vibration mutation in the same direction (X direction or Y direction) at both ends of the rotor
Figure BDA0003316358290000041
and
Figure BDA0003316358290000042
Mutated vibration vector
Figure BDA0003316358290000043
and
Figure BDA0003316358290000044

步骤2、计算振动变化量

Figure BDA0003316358290000045
Step 2. Calculate the amount of vibration change
Figure BDA0003316358290000045

步骤3、对振动变化量

Figure BDA0003316358290000046
和
Figure BDA0003316358290000047
进行谐分量分解
Figure BDA0003316358290000048
Step 3. Change the amount of vibration
Figure BDA0003316358290000046
and
Figure BDA0003316358290000047
Perform harmonic component decomposition
Figure BDA0003316358290000048

其中

Figure BDA0003316358290000049
的相位角为α，
Figure BDA00033163582900000410
的相位角为β；in
Figure BDA0003316358290000049
The phase angle is α,
Figure BDA00033163582900000410
The phase angle is β;

如图1所示,质量为m在与脱落位置相反的方向引起了一个附加离心力F,根据力平移原理,力F等效于加重平面a处的

Figure BDA00033163582900000411
和力偶FLa,可认为在平面b处有方向相反、大小相同的力
Figure BDA00033163582900000412
这样在平面a,b就形成了同相分量力
Figure BDA00033163582900000413
和反相分量的力偶
Figure BDA00033163582900000414
(力偶FLa与
Figure BDA00033163582900000415
方向相反)。As shown in Figure 1, the mass m induces an additional centrifugal force F in the opposite direction to the drop-off position. According to the principle of force translation, the force F is equivalent to the force F at the weighted plane a.
Figure BDA00033163582900000411
and the force couple FL a , it can be considered that there is a force in the opposite direction and the same magnitude at the plane b
Figure BDA00033163582900000412
In this way, the in-phase component force is formed on the planes a and b.
Figure BDA00033163582900000413
and the force couple of the antiphase component
Figure BDA00033163582900000414
(Force couple FLa and
Figure BDA00033163582900000415
in the opposite direction).

根据谐分量法,工作转速下转子振动分解为同相(对称)分量和反相(反对称)分量振动,同相分量由转子的一阶不平衡引起,振动的反相分量由转子的二阶不平衡(力偶不平衡)引起,且符合正交关系,因此得到同相加重质量和反相加重质量。According to the harmonic component method, the rotor vibration at working speed is decomposed into in-phase (symmetric) component and anti-phase (anti-symmetric) component vibration. (force couple unbalance) and accord with the orthogonal relationship, so the in-phase weighted mass and the anti-phase weighted weight are obtained.

同向加重质量

Figure BDA00033163582900000416
Concurrent weighted mass
Figure BDA00033163582900000416

反向加重质量

Figure BDA00033163582900000417
其中，
Figure BDA00033163582900000418
为同向分量影响系数，
Figure BDA00033163582900000419
为反向分量影响系数；Reverse weighted mass
Figure BDA00033163582900000417
in,
Figure BDA00033163582900000418
is the influence coefficient of the same direction component,
Figure BDA00033163582900000419
is the influence coefficient of the reverse component;

根据力偶平衡方式，在加重面a、b处及脱落位置m处的力偶为0，则According to the balance method of the force couple, the force couple at the weighted surfaces a, b and the drop-off position m is 0, then

Figure BDA00033163582900000420
Figure BDA00033163582900000420

解方程式得到

Figure BDA0003316358290000051
Solve the equation to get
Figure BDA0003316358290000051

步骤4、若α-β≈90°，则说明振动故障点靠近A侧，相应的故障位置为

Figure BDA0003316358290000052
Step 4. If α-β≈90°, it means that the vibration fault point is close to the A side, and the corresponding fault position is
Figure BDA0003316358290000052

若α-β≈-90°，则说明振动故障点靠近A侧，相应的故障位置为

Figure BDA0003316358290000053
If α-β≈-90°, it means that the vibration fault point is close to the A side, and the corresponding fault position is
Figure BDA0003316358290000053

若

Figure BDA0003316358290000054
远大于1，则说明振动变量以同向分量为主，则相应的故障点位于转子中间部位。like
Figure BDA0003316358290000054
Much larger than 1, it means that the vibration variable is dominated by the same direction component, and the corresponding fault point is located in the middle of the rotor.

对于同一轴承上得另一个方向上的振动，可依据步骤1至步骤4计算并判断。For the vibration in another direction on the same bearing, it can be calculated and judged according to steps 1 to 4.

与上述方法对应的，本实施例还提供一种转子突变振动故障定位系统，包括Corresponding to the above method, the present embodiment also provides a rotor sudden vibration fault location system, comprising:

转子突变前后振动向量记录模块，用以记录转子两端同一方向上振动突变前的振动向量

Figure BDA0003316358290000055
和
Figure BDA0003316358290000056
突变后的振动向量
Figure BDA0003316358290000057
和
Figure BDA0003316358290000058
The vibration vector recording module before and after the rotor mutation is used to record the vibration vector before the vibration mutation in the same direction at both ends of the rotor
Figure BDA0003316358290000055
and
Figure BDA0003316358290000056
Mutated vibration vector
Figure BDA0003316358290000057
and
Figure BDA0003316358290000058

振动变化量计算模块，计算振动变化量

Figure BDA0003316358290000059
Vibration change calculation module, calculate vibration change
Figure BDA0003316358290000059

谐分量分解模块，对振动变化量

Figure BDA00033163582900000510
和
Figure BDA00033163582900000511
进行谐分量分解
Figure BDA00033163582900000512
Figure BDA00033163582900000513
Harmonic Component Decomposition Module, for Vibration Variation
Figure BDA00033163582900000510
and
Figure BDA00033163582900000511
Perform harmonic component decomposition
Figure BDA00033163582900000512
Figure BDA00033163582900000513

其中

Figure BDA00033163582900000514
的相位角为α，
Figure BDA00033163582900000515
的相位角为β；in
Figure BDA00033163582900000514
The phase angle is α,
Figure BDA00033163582900000515
The phase angle is β;

其中

Figure BDA00033163582900000516
的相位角为α，
Figure BDA00033163582900000517
的相位角为β；in
Figure BDA00033163582900000516
The phase angle is α,
Figure BDA00033163582900000517
The phase angle is β;

如图1所示,质量为m在与脱落位置相反的方向引起了一个附加离心力F,根据力平移原理,力F等效于加重平面a处的

Figure BDA00033163582900000518
和力偶FLa,可认为在平面b处有方向相反、大小相同的力
Figure BDA00033163582900000519
这样在平面a,b就形成了同相分量力
Figure BDA00033163582900000520
和反相分量的力偶
Figure BDA00033163582900000521
(力偶FLa与
Figure BDA00033163582900000522
方向相反)。As shown in Figure 1, the mass m induces an additional centrifugal force F in the opposite direction to the drop-off position. According to the principle of force translation, the force F is equivalent to the force F at the weighted plane a.
Figure BDA00033163582900000518
and the force couple FL a , it can be considered that there is a force in the opposite direction and the same magnitude at the plane b
Figure BDA00033163582900000519
In this way, the in-phase component force is formed on the planes a and b.
Figure BDA00033163582900000520
and the force couple of the antiphase component
Figure BDA00033163582900000521
(Force couple FLa and
Figure BDA00033163582900000522
in the opposite direction).

根据谐分量法,工作转速下转子振动分解为同相(对称)分量和反相(反对称)分量振动,同相分量由转子的一阶不平衡引起,振动的反相分量由转子的二阶不平衡(力偶不平衡)引起,且符合正交关系,因此得到同相加重质量和反相加重质量。According to the harmonic component method, the rotor vibration at working speed is decomposed into in-phase (symmetric) component and anti-phase (anti-symmetric) component vibration. (force couple unbalance) and accord with the orthogonal relationship, so the in-phase weighted mass and the anti-phase weighted weight are obtained.

同向加重质量

Figure BDA0003316358290000061
Concurrent weighted mass
Figure BDA0003316358290000061

反向加重质量

Figure BDA0003316358290000062
其中，
Figure BDA0003316358290000063
为同向分量影响系数，
Figure BDA0003316358290000064
为反向分量影响系数；Reverse weighted mass
Figure BDA0003316358290000062
in,
Figure BDA0003316358290000063
is the influence coefficient of the same direction component,
Figure BDA0003316358290000064
is the influence coefficient of the reverse component;

根据力偶平衡方式，在加重面a、b处及脱落位置m处的力偶为0，则According to the balance method of the force couple, the force couple at the weighted surfaces a, b and the drop-off position m is 0, then

Figure BDA0003316358290000065
Figure BDA0003316358290000065

解方程式得到

Figure BDA0003316358290000066
Solve the equation to get
Figure BDA0003316358290000066

故障点判断模块，若α-β≈90°或α-β≈-90°，则说明振动故障点靠近A侧；若

Figure BDA0003316358290000067
远大于1，则说明振动变量以同向分量为主，则相应的故障点位于转子中间部位。Fault point judgment module, if α-β≈90° or α-β≈-90°, it means that the vibration fault point is close to side A; if
Figure BDA0003316358290000067
Much larger than 1, it means that the vibration variable is dominated by the same direction component, and the corresponding fault point is located in the middle of the rotor.

以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The recorded technical solutions are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.转子突变振动故障定位方法，其特征在于，对称转子包括转子、对称固定在所述转子上的多个级别叶片、支撑点A、B；所述支撑点A、B分别对转子的两端提供支撑；假设某个级别叶片发生脱落，则故障点位置的判定方法为：1. A method for locating a rotor sudden vibration fault, characterized in that the symmetrical rotor comprises a rotor, a plurality of levels of blades symmetrically fixed on the rotor, and support points A and B; Provide support; Assuming that a certain level of blade falls off, the method for determining the location of the fault point is: 步骤1、记录转子两端同一方向上振动突变前的振动向量
Figure FDA0003316358280000011
和
Figure FDA0003316358280000012
突变后的振动向量
Figure FDA0003316358280000013
和
Figure FDA0003316358280000014
Step 1. Record the vibration vector before the sudden change of vibration in the same direction at both ends of the rotor
Figure FDA0003316358280000011
and
Figure FDA0003316358280000012
Mutated vibration vector
Figure FDA0003316358280000013
and
Figure FDA0003316358280000014
 步骤2、计算振动变化量
Figure FDA0003316358280000015
Step 2. Calculate the amount of vibration change
Figure FDA0003316358280000015
 步骤3、对振动变化量
Figure FDA0003316358280000016
和
Figure FDA0003316358280000017
进行谐分量分解
Figure FDA0003316358280000018
其中
Figure FDA0003316358280000019
的相位角为α，
Figure FDA00033163582800000110
的相位角为β；Step 3. Change the amount of vibration
Figure FDA0003316358280000016
and
Figure FDA0003316358280000017
Perform harmonic component decomposition
Figure FDA0003316358280000018
in
Figure FDA0003316358280000019
The phase angle is α,
Figure FDA00033163582800000110
The phase angle is β; 步骤4、若α-β≈90°或α-β≈-90°，则说明振动故障点靠近A侧；若
Figure FDA00033163582800000111
远大于1，则说明振动变量以同向分量为主，则相应的故障点位于转子中间部位。Step 4. If α-β≈90° or α-β≈-90°, it means that the vibration fault point is close to side A; if
Figure FDA00033163582800000111
Much larger than 1, it means that the vibration variable is dominated by the same direction component, and the corresponding fault point is located in the middle of the rotor. 2.根据权利要求1所述的转子突变振动故障定位方法，其特征在于，同一转子上另一个方向上的振动，依据步骤1～步骤4计算并判断。2 . The method for locating a rotor sudden vibration fault according to claim 1 , wherein the vibration in another direction on the same rotor is calculated and judged according to steps 1 to 4. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的转子突变振动故障定位方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4中，当α-β≈90°时，故障位置为
Figure FDA00033163582800000112
其中脱落点距离A侧加重平面为La，支撑点A、B两侧加重平面的轴向距离为L，
Figure FDA00033163582800000113
为同向分量影响系数，
Figure FDA00033163582800000114
为反向分量影响系数。3. The method for locating a rotor sudden vibration fault according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 4, when α-β≈90°, the fault location is
Figure FDA00033163582800000112
The distance between the drop-off point and the weighted plane on side A is L a , and the axial distance between the weighted planes on both sides of the support point A and B is L,
Figure FDA00033163582800000113
is the influence coefficient of the same direction component,
Figure FDA00033163582800000114
is the influence coefficient of the reverse component. 4.根据权利要求3所述的转子突变振动故障定位方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4中，当α-β≈-90°时，故障位置为
Figure FDA00033163582800000115
4. The method for locating a rotor abrupt vibration fault according to claim 3, wherein in the step 4, when α-β≈-90°, the fault location is
Figure FDA00033163582800000115
 5.根据权利要求1所述的2所述的转子突变振动故障定位系统，其特征在于，对称转子包括转子、对称固定在所述转子上的多个级别叶片、支撑点A、B；所述支撑点A、B分别对转子的两端提供支撑；假设某个级别叶片发生脱落，则故障点位置的判定系统包括：5 . The rotor sudden change vibration fault location system according to claim 1 , wherein the symmetrical rotor comprises a rotor, a plurality of levels of blades symmetrically fixed on the rotor, and support points A and B; the Support points A and B respectively provide support for both ends of the rotor; assuming that a certain level of blades falls off, the determination system for the location of the fault point includes: 转子突变前后振动向量记录模块，用以记录转子两端同一方向上振动突变前的振动向量
Figure FDA0003316358280000021
和
Figure FDA0003316358280000022
突变后的振动向量
Figure FDA0003316358280000023
和
Figure FDA0003316358280000024
The vibration vector recording module before and after the rotor mutation is used to record the vibration vector before the vibration mutation in the same direction at both ends of the rotor
Figure FDA0003316358280000021
and
Figure FDA0003316358280000022
Mutated vibration vector
Figure FDA0003316358280000023
and
Figure FDA0003316358280000024
 振动变化量计算模块，计算振动变化量
Figure FDA0003316358280000025
Vibration change calculation module, calculate vibration change
Figure FDA0003316358280000025
 谐分量分解模块，对振动变化量
Figure FDA0003316358280000026
和
Figure FDA0003316358280000027
进行谐分量分解
Figure FDA0003316358280000028
Figure FDA0003316358280000029
Harmonic Component Decomposition Module, for Vibration Variation
Figure FDA0003316358280000026
and
Figure FDA0003316358280000027
Perform harmonic component decomposition
Figure FDA0003316358280000028
Figure FDA0003316358280000029
 其中
Figure FDA00033163582800000210
的相位角为α，
Figure FDA00033163582800000211
的相位角为β；in
Figure FDA00033163582800000210
The phase angle is α,
Figure FDA00033163582800000211
The phase angle is β; 故障点判断模块，若α-β≈90°或α-β≈-90°，则说明振动故障点靠近A侧；若
Figure FDA00033163582800000212
远大于1，则说明振动变量以同向分量为主，则相应的故障点位于转子中间部位。Fault point judgment module, if α-β≈90° or α-β≈-90°, it means that the vibration fault point is close to side A; if
Figure FDA00033163582800000212
Much larger than 1, it means that the vibration variable is dominated by the same direction component, and the corresponding fault point is located in the middle of the rotor. 6.根据权利要求5所述的转子突变振动故障定位系统，其特征在于，同一转子上另一个方向上的振动，依据步骤1～步骤4计算并判断。6 . The rotor abrupt vibration fault location system according to claim 5 , wherein the vibration in another direction on the same rotor is calculated and judged according to steps 1 to 4. 7 . 7.根据权利要求5或6所述的转子突变振动故障定位系统，其特征在于，所述故障点判断模块中，当α-β≈90°时，故障位置为
Figure FDA00033163582800000213
其中脱落点距离A侧加重平面为La，支撑点A、B两侧加重平面的轴向距离为L，
Figure FDA00033163582800000214
为同向分量影响系数，
Figure FDA00033163582800000215
为反向分量影响系数。7. The rotor abrupt vibration fault location system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, in the fault point judgment module, when α-β≈90°, the fault position is
Figure FDA00033163582800000213
The distance between the drop-off point and the weighted plane on side A is L a , and the axial distance between the weighted planes on both sides of the support point A and B is L,
Figure FDA00033163582800000214
is the influence coefficient of the same direction component,
Figure FDA00033163582800000215
is the influence coefficient of the reverse component. 8.根据权利要求7所述的转子突变振动故障定位方法，其特征在于，所述故障点判断模块中，当α-β≈-90°时，故障位置为
Figure FDA00033163582800000216
8 . The method for locating a rotor sudden vibration fault according to claim 7 , wherein, in the fault point judgment module, when α-β≈-90°, the fault position is 8 .
Figure FDA00033163582800000216
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