CN114061436A - Magnetic fiber sensor and curvature monitoring method thereof with identifiable bending direction - Google Patents
Magnetic fiber sensor and curvature monitoring method thereof with identifiable bending direction Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B7/293—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring radius of curvature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in magnetic properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic fiber sensor and a curvature monitoring method with a recognizable bending direction thereof. The magnetic fiber sensor applied in the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low preparation cost and simple measurement process, and is beneficial to rapidly monitoring the deflection of the engineering structural member in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensing, and relates to a real-time monitoring method for bending curvature change, in particular to a magnetic fiber sensor and a curvature monitoring method for identifying the bending direction of the magnetic fiber sensor.
Background
In the fields of civil engineering, aerospace, wind power generation and the like, the engineering structure gradually develops to be large-scale, complicated and intelligent, and the structure health monitoring technology gradually draws attention. In order to ensure that the structural member can be safely used and is convenient to maintain, various signals related to the local part or the whole structure are collected and analyzed, and information is provided for the structural health monitoring work. The deflection or bending curvature of the engineering structure is always one of key monitoring parameters, and sensitive curvature monitoring and reasonable deflection direction judgment are also very important.
At present, a great number of methods and sensing devices are available for monitoring the bending of a structural member, but the monitoring methods, the sensor arrangement, the supporting equipment and the like are complex. For example, patent CN 101982724a discloses an on-line real-time monitoring method for flexural deformation of a wind turbine blade, which requires implanting a large number of strain sensors on the blade to be monitored, and is complicated in acquisition and analysis of acquired signals, and cannot directly determine the flexural direction; in addition, the curvature monitoring method based on the fiber bragg grating sensor has small curvature of monitoring bending due to the brittleness of the sensor, is difficult to implement in practical application, and meanwhile, the sensor cannot identify the bending direction, so that the judgment of the practical state of a monitoring piece in application is influenced.
Therefore, there is a need for a sensor and a method thereof that are highly stable, highly sensitive, flexible, and capable of determining the direction of deflection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a magnetic fiber sensor with low cost, simplicity, convenience, reliability and high sensitivity and a curvature monitoring method capable of identifying the bending direction of the magnetic fiber sensor. The invention develops a magnetic fiber sensor with a simple structure based on magnetic fibers with high flexibility, can effectively monitor the curvature change of a piece to be detected in real time by utilizing the sensor, and can identify and judge the bending direction of the piece to be detected according to the signal change of the sensor.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the invention provides a magnetic fiber sensor for curvature monitoring, which comprises a linear magnetic fiber body, wherein two ends of the magnetic fiber body are respectively connected with a first electrode with a first lead and a second electrode with a second lead, and the magnetic fiber body, the first electrode and the second electrode are all immersed and fixed in a polymer matrix; the end parts of the first lead and the second lead, which can be connected with the outside, are exposed out of the polymer matrix and are both used for being connected with an impedance measurement system.
Preferably, the magnetic fiber main body is made of a cobalt-iron-based magnetic fiber material, and the diameter of the magnetic fiber main body is 10-100 micrometers.
Preferably, the first electrode and the second electrode are one of a hollow aluminum tube, a hollow copper tube, a hollow silver tube or a polymer hollow tube with a conductive material plated on the surface, wherein the diameter of the hollow aluminum tube is 0.1-0.5 mm.
Preferably, the polymer matrix is one of dimethyl silicone rubber, epoxy resin or organic silicon resin.
Preferably, the magnetic fiber body and the first electrode or the second electrode are connected to each other by soldering.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a curvature monitoring method identifiable based on a bending direction of any one of the magnetic fiber sensors in the first aspect, which includes:
fixing the magnetic fiber sensor on the surface of the piece to be monitored, or embedding the magnetic fiber sensor in the piece to be monitored; then, respectively connecting a first lead and a second lead of the magnetic fiber sensor into an impedance measurement system; when the magnetic fiber sensor is bent along with the stress of a piece to be monitored, the magnetic fiber main body is correspondingly coordinated and deformed, so that the moving capacity of a magnetic domain on the magnetic fiber main body is enhanced or inhibited, and the intrinsic impedance of the magnetic fiber main body is increased or reduced; under the excitation of a sine wave signal source, the change condition of an impedance signal is monitored in real time through an impedance measurement system, and the direction and the curvature of the bending deformation of the piece to be monitored are obtained in real time through signal analysis.
Preferably, the impedance measuring system is externally connected with a computer, and the computer analyzes the change condition of the monitored impedance signal.
Preferably, the impedance measurement system is one of a broadband impedance test system mainly including a vector network analyzer, a low-frequency impedance test system mainly including an impedance analyzer, and a single-frequency electrical signal measurement circuit.
Preferably, the magnetic fiber sensor and the piece to be monitored are tightly fixed without a gap; and the magnetic fiber sensor is fixed by being deviated to one side of the piece to be monitored and is not positioned at the geometric center of the piece to be monitored.
Preferably, the deflection range monitored by the magnetic fiber sensor is 0-5.5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention reflects the bending direction and the bending rate of the monitored material or structure by monitoring the impedance change of the sensor caused by the magnetic fiber sensor in the cooperative deformation process, provides a reliable information source for the structural health monitoring of the engineering structure and ensures the service safety of the engineering structure. The invention has the advantages that:
1) the sensor takes the magnetic fiber as a main body, and the sensor can be obtained by connecting electrodes and wires at two ends and embedding the magnetic fiber into a high polymer matrix material.
2) The magnetic fiber sensor provided by the invention has the characteristics of small size and high sensitivity, and when a polymer matrix material is adopted as a sensor matrix, the magnetic fiber sensor can protect components such as a magnetic fiber main body, an electrode and the like so as to improve the service life and the sensing characteristic.
3) The curvature monitoring method based on the magnetic fiber sensor identifies the deformation of the piece to be monitored through the impedance change, can quickly judge the deflection direction, and is simple and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of a device for curvature monitoring using a magnetic fiber sensor;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the impedance spectrum of the magnetic fiber sensor on the compression side during bending of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the impedance spectrum of the magnetic fiber sensor on the tensile side during bending of example 1;
FIG. 4 is an impedance-curvature graph of the magnetic fiber sensor of example 1 on the compression side;
FIG. 5 is an impedance-curvature plot of the magnetic fiber sensor of example 1 on the tensile side;
FIG. 6 is the response of the electrical signal of the magnetic fiber sensor to curvature under electrical monitoring in example 2;
the reference numbers in the figures are: the device comprises a magnetic fiber sensor 1, a first lead 14, a second lead 15, a piece to be monitored 2, an impedance measuring system 3 and a computer 4.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
The curvature monitoring method is realized based on the magnetic fiber sensor, when the sensor is stressed and bent, the magnetic fibers are correspondingly and coordinately deformed, so that the moving capacity of magnetic domains on the fibers is enhanced or inhibited, the intrinsic impedance of the magnetic fiber material is increased or reduced, the direction and the curvature of bending deformation can be judged according to the change, and the high sensitivity is realized.
The magnetic fiber sensor 1 capable of realizing the curvature monitoring mainly comprises a linear magnetic fiber body. One end of the magnetic fiber main body is connected with a first electrode, and the other end of the magnetic fiber main body is connected with a second electrode. One end of the first electrode is connected with the magnetic fiber body, and the other end is fixed with a first lead 14. One end of the second electrode is connected with the magnetic fiber body, and the other end is fixed with a second lead 15. The magnetic fiber main body, the first electrode and the second electrode are all immersed and fixed in the polymer matrix, and the polymer matrix wraps the magnetic fiber main body, the first electrode and the second electrode, so that the magnetic fiber main body can be protected, and the magnetic fiber main body can be ensured to maintain a linear type unbent initial state when not being subjected to external force. One end of the first wire 14 is connected to the first electrode and the other end is used for connecting the impedance measuring system 3. One end of the second wire 15 is connected to the second electrode, and the other end is used for connecting the impedance measuring system 3. The first lead 14 and the second lead 15 may be completely exposed out of the polymer substrate, or may be partially exposed out of the polymer substrate, as long as the outer ends of the first lead 14 and the second lead 15 are exposed out of the polymer substrate, so as to be capable of being connected to the impedance measuring system 3.
In practical application, the magnetic fiber main body can be made of a cobalt-iron-based magnetic fiber material, and the diameter of the magnetic fiber main body is 10-100 micrometers. The first electrode and the second electrode can be one of a hollow thin-wall aluminum tube, a hollow thin-wall copper tube, a hollow thin-wall silver tube or a polymer hollow tube with a conductive material plated on the surface, wherein the diameter of the hollow thin-wall aluminum tube is 0.1-0.5 mm. The polymer matrix can adopt one of dimethyl silicon rubber, epoxy resin or organic silicon resin. The magnetic fiber body and the first electrode may be connected by soldering, and the magnetic fiber body and the second electrode may be connected by soldering.
The magnetic fiber sensor 1 can be prepared by the following steps:
1) after polishing the two ends of the magnetic fiber main body, one end of the magnetic fiber main body is connected with the first lead 14 through the first electrode, and the other end of the magnetic fiber main body is connected with the second lead 15 through the second electrode.
2) And (3) straightening the magnetic fiber main body, keeping the magnetic fiber main body in a linear shape, and putting the magnetic fiber main body into a curing mold.
3) Subsequently, the polymer matrix prepreg is introduced into the curing mold, and the magnetic fiber body is immersed in the polymer matrix prepreg. Meanwhile, the ends of the first and second leads 14 and 15 that can be connected to the outside are exposed from the polymer substrate to connect to the impedance measuring system 3.
4) And curing the high-molecular matrix prepreg to obtain the magnetic fiber sensor.
The magnetic fiber sensor can be attached to a structure to be detected or embedded into the structure to be detected for use, and the curvature monitoring method capable of identifying the bending direction by utilizing the magnetic fiber sensor is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the magnetic fiber sensor 1 is fixed on the surface of the member to be monitored 2, or the magnetic fiber sensor 1 is embedded inside the member to be monitored 2. The first and second wires 14, 15 of the magnetic fibre sensor 1 are then each connected to the impedance measuring system 3.
In the testing or service stage, the impedance signal change is measured by the testing system under the excitation of the sine wave signal source, and the real-time curvature and the bending deformation direction of the to-be-tested piece can be obtained through signal analysis. That is, when the magnetic fiber sensor 1 is bent with a force applied to the member 2 to be monitored, the magnetic fiber body is correspondingly deformed in a coordinated manner, so that the magnetic domain activity on the magnetic fiber body is enhanced or suppressed, and the intrinsic impedance of the magnetic fiber body is increased or decreased. Under the excitation of a sine wave signal source, the change condition of an impedance signal is monitored in real time through the impedance measuring system 3, and the direction and the curvature of the bending deformation of the piece to be monitored 2 are obtained in real time through signal analysis.
After the magnetic fiber sensor is excited by sine waves, the impedance signal of a specific frequency band is analyzed to obtain an impedance-curvature relation curve of the piece to be tested, and the bending direction of the piece to be tested can be judged according to the curve change relation.
In practical application, the impedance measuring system 3 can be externally connected with the computer 4, and the change condition of the monitored impedance signal is analyzed through the computer 4. The impedance measurement system 3 is one of a broadband impedance test system mainly using a vector network analyzer, a low-frequency impedance test system mainly using an impedance analyzer, or a single-frequency electrical signal measurement circuit. In order to achieve better monitoring effect, the magnetic fiber sensor 1 and the element to be monitored 2 should be tightly fixed without gap, and the magnetic fiber sensor 1 is fixed by being biased to one side of the element to be monitored 2 and is not positioned at the geometric center of the element to be monitored 2. When signal analysis is carried out, impedance under specific frequency is extracted and analyzed, and the range of the deflection which can be monitored by the sensor is 0-5.5 mm. When the sensor is used for monitoring in a mode that the sensor is embedded into a piece to be monitored, the polymer base material can be selected to be the same as or similar to the piece to be monitored.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the magnetic fiber sensor is attached to the surface of the piece to be tested, and the wide-frequency impedance testing system is used for monitoring the impedance change of the magnetic fiber sensor to realize the curvature calibration and the bending direction judgment of the piece to be tested.
In this embodiment, a Co-Fe-Si-B-based magnetic fiber wrapped with glass is used as a sensing material (i.e., a magnetic fiber body) to prepare a magnetic fiber sensor for subsequent monitoring, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: taking glass with the length of 20mm to wrap magnetic fibers, polishing two ends of the glass, connecting electrodes in a tin soldering mode, connecting the electrodes with a lead with an SMA interface, then putting the glass into a mold to keep the magnetic fibers linearly elongated, introducing a silica gel material, curing according to a curing system, and simultaneously ensuring that the outer ends of the leads on two sides are exposed out of the silica gel material to obtain the required magnetic fiber sensor;
step two: arranging the magnetic fiber sensor obtained in the first step on the surface of a piece to be tested in a gluing mode, and connecting wires on two sides of the sensor into a broadband impedance testing system;
step three: bending test is carried out on the piece to be tested by adopting an electronic stretcher, and an impedance spectrum curve of the magnetic fiber sensor is collected by a broadband impedance test system;
step four: and extracting the impedance value of the magnetic fiber sensor under specific frequency according to the impedance spectrum curve of the magnetic fiber sensor to obtain the impedance change curve of the magnetic fiber sensor in the bending process.
As a result, it has been found that when the magnetic fiber sensor is bent on the surface to be measured, and the magnetic fiber is compressed, the impedance spectrum on the magnetic fiber shows a gradually increasing trend, because the magnetic domains on the magnetic fiber are gradually deflected toward the axial direction in such a bent state, which gradually increases the impedance resonance of the sensor, as shown in fig. 2, and the impedances provided at different frequencies obtain a curvature-impedance corresponding relationship diagram, as shown in fig. 4. When the magnetic fiber sensor is bent on the surface to be measured, and the magnetic fiber is stretched, the impedance spectrum on the magnetic fiber shows a gradually decreasing trend, because the magnetic domain on the magnetic fiber is gradually deflected towards the radial direction under the bending state, which gradually weakens the impedance resonance of the sensor, as shown in fig. 3, and the impedance provided under different frequencies obtains a curvature-impedance corresponding relation graph, as shown in fig. 5.
Example 2
The present embodiment uses the same magnetic fiber sensing material as in embodiment 1, and is different from embodiment 1 in that: in the embodiment, the magnetic fiber sensor is implanted into the glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material for use. The glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material is prepared by a prepreg laying process; meanwhile, in the embodiment, a single-frequency electric signal measuring circuit is adopted to measure the electric signal of the magnetic fiber sensor. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: wrapping glass with the length of 40mm with magnetic fibers, polishing two ends of the glass, connecting electrodes in a tin soldering mode, connecting the electrodes with a conventional lead, and placing the glass fibers on the surface of a layer of glass fiber prepreg so that the magnetic fibers keep an extended state and the lead is exposed out of the side face of the prepreg; and then layering according to a laminating process to obtain a composite material prefabricated body with the magnetic fiber sensor.
That is, in the present embodiment, the polymer matrix material is selected to be the same material (glass fiber) as the device under test.
Step two: and (4) curing the composite material prefabricated body with the magnetic fiber sensor obtained in the step one according to a required curing process to obtain a body to be measured with the sensor.
Step three: an electronic stretcher is used for bending test of the body to be tested of the tape sensor, and a single-frequency electric signal measuring circuit is used for collecting electric response signals of the magnetic fiber sensor (here, sinusoidal signals of 30MHz are used for excitation), so that a voltage signal change curve of the magnetic fiber sensor in the bending process is obtained, as shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen from the figure, when the body to be measured is subjected to bending strain, the magnetic fiber sensor deformed in cooperation with the body to be measured has obvious voltage signal change; furthermore, when the magnetic fiber sensor is stressed upon bending, the fiber intrinsic impedance increases, as indicated by a gradually decreasing voltage response, and when the bending is under tension, the fiber intrinsic impedance decreases, as indicated by a gradually increasing voltage response.
The invention takes the magnetic fiber sensing material as a main body, obtains the magnetic fiber sensor after integration, can realize the sensitive monitoring of the curvature of the structural member by attaching or embedding the sensor on the engineering structural member, and can identify the bending direction of the structural member according to the impedance change condition on the magnetic fiber sensor.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The magnetic fiber sensor for curvature monitoring is characterized by comprising a linear magnetic fiber body, wherein two ends of the magnetic fiber body are respectively connected with a first electrode with a first lead (14) and a second electrode with a second lead (15), and the magnetic fiber body, the first electrode and the second electrode are immersed and fixed in a polymer matrix; the ends of the first lead (14) and the second lead (15) which can be connected with the outside are exposed out of the polymer matrix and are both used for being connected with the impedance measurement system (3).
2. The magnetic fiber sensor for curvature monitoring of claim 1, wherein the magnetic fiber body is made of cobalt iron based magnetic fiber material with a diameter of 10-100 μm.
3. A magnetic fibre sensor for curvature monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second electrodes are one of a 0.1 to 0.5mm diameter hollow aluminium tube, a hollow copper tube, a hollow silver tube or a polymer hollow tube coated with a conductive material.
4. A magnetic fibre sensor for curvature monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric matrix is one of a dimethyl silicone rubber, an epoxy resin or a silicone resin.
5. A magnetic fibre sensor for curvature monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic fibre body and the first or second electrode are connected by soldering.
6. A curvature monitoring method capable of identifying the bending direction based on the magnetic fiber sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing the magnetic fiber sensor (1) on the surface of the piece (2) to be monitored, or embedding the magnetic fiber sensor (1) in the piece (2) to be monitored; then, a first lead (14) and a second lead (15) of the magnetic fiber sensor (1) are respectively connected into the impedance measuring system (3); when the magnetic fiber sensor (1) is stressed and bent along with the piece (2) to be monitored, the magnetic fiber main body is correspondingly and coordinately deformed, so that the magnetic domain moving capacity on the magnetic fiber main body is enhanced or inhibited, and the intrinsic impedance of the magnetic fiber main body is increased or decreased; under the excitation of a sine wave signal source, the change condition of an impedance signal is monitored in real time through an impedance measurement system (3), and the direction and the curvature of the bending deformation of the piece (2) to be monitored are obtained in real time through signal analysis.
7. The curvature monitoring method capable of identifying the flexing direction according to claim 6, wherein the impedance measuring system (3) is externally connected with a computer (4), and the change of the monitored impedance signal is subjected to signal analysis through the computer (4).
8. The curvature monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein the impedance measurement system (3) is one of a broadband impedance test system mainly based on a vector network analyzer, a low-frequency impedance test system mainly based on an impedance analyzer, or a single-frequency electrical signal measurement circuit.
9. Method of curvature monitoring with discernable direction of deflection according to claim 6, characterized in that the magnetic fiber sensor (1) is fixed tightly to the piece (2) to be monitored without gaps; and the magnetic fiber sensor (1) is fixed by being deviated to one side of the piece to be monitored (2) and is not positioned at the geometric center of the piece to be monitored (2).
10. Method of curvature monitoring with discernable direction of deflection according to claim 6, characterized in that the range of deflection monitored by the magnetic fiber sensor (1) is 0-5.5 mm.
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| CN112985250A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-18 | 河北工业大学 | Magnetostrictive touch sensor array for curvature measurement |
| CN113030191A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-25 | 浙江大学 | Resin curing degree in-situ monitoring method based on embedded fiber sensor |
| CN113029818A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for testing interface shear strength of thermosetting resin-based composite material based on magnetic fiber stress impedance effect |
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