CN114061435A - Micro-strain sensor based on magnetic fibers and strain monitoring method - Google Patents
Micro-strain sensor based on magnetic fibers and strain monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in magnetic properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic fiber-based micro-strain sensor and a strain monitoring method. The micro-strain sensor comprises a magnetic fiber body, a first sleeve electrode and a second sleeve electrode; the magnetic fiber main body is of a linear structure, and the interfaces at two ends are respectively connected with the first sleeve electrode and the second sleeve electrode; the first sleeve electrode can be connected with an external signal generating device through a first lead, and the second sleeve electrode can be connected with an external signal receiving device through a second lead. The invention takes the magnetic fiber as the sensing material, has high-sensitivity micro-strain monitoring capability, simple matched equipment and simple and convenient signal analysis mode, and is beneficial to realizing the low-cost real-time monitoring of the micro-strain of the structural part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional magnetic fiber sensing, in particular to a magnetic fiber-based micro-strain sensor and a strain monitoring method.
Background
The resin-based composite material has the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, high corrosion resistance, structural function integration and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, wind power generation, rail transit and the like. However, resin-based composites have to be safely monitored during service due to their failure due to unforeseen brittle failure. The structural strain is an important index reflecting the structural health state, and is also one of important parameters for structural health monitoring.
For strain monitoring technology, a number of different types of sensing devices and strain monitoring methods have been disclosed. Like the fiber bragg grating sensor which is popular at present, strain monitoring can be realized, but the brittle glass fiber property of the fiber bragg grating sensor is easy to damage, and the difficulty of practical application of the fiber bragg grating sensor is increased. The patent CN 112945119a discloses a fiber grating strain sensor for composite material and a packaging method thereof, which can improve the implantation survival rate of the fiber grating sensor by fixing the fiber grating sensor on a specific composite material substrate; but interface problems between the composite substrate and the structure to be tested can degrade the original structure performance. In addition, strain monitoring can be realized by measuring dynamic electrical property of conductive materials (such as conductive carbon nanotube films, conductive graphene and the like), and the strain sensor can detect large strain and has low sensitivity in a micro-strain range, so that the monitoring of the micro-strain of the resin-based composite material is difficult to meet.
Therefore, it is very important to develop a sensor and an application method that can satisfy the micro-strain monitoring, and have low cost and simple implementation method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a magnetic fiber-based micro-strain sensor and a strain monitoring method. The sensor is based on magnetic fibers, and has the advantages of adjustable monitoring range, simple preparation process, high sensitivity and low cost.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a magnetic fibre-based micro-strain sensor comprising a magnetic fibre body, a first sleeve electrode and a second sleeve electrode; the magnetic fiber main body is of a linear structure, and the interfaces at two ends are respectively connected with the first sleeve electrode and the second sleeve electrode; the first sleeve electrode can be connected with an external signal generating device through a first lead, and the second sleeve electrode can be connected with an external signal receiving device through a second lead.
Preferably, the main body of the magnetic fiber is a columnar structure with the diameter of 30-200 μm, and the material adopts the magnetostriction coefficient (-3-0) multiplied by 10-6The cobalt-based magnetic fiber.
Preferably, the materials of the first sleeve electrode and the second sleeve electrode are both conductive materials.
Preferably, the connection between the magnetic fiber body and the first and second sleeve electrodes is one of mechanical engagement, soldering or conductive adhesive bonding.
Preferably, the first sleeve electrode, the second sleeve electrode, the first lead and the second lead are made of the same material.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring composite material strain by using any one of the micro strain sensors in the first aspect, specifically including:
fixing the micro-strain sensor on the surface of the composite material to be monitored, or embedding the micro-strain sensor into the composite material to be monitored, so that the micro-strain sensor and the composite material to be monitored can realize coordinated deformation; connecting the first sleeve electrode with a signal generating device through a first lead, and connecting the second sleeve electrode with a signal receiving device through a second lead to jointly form an electrically communicated channel;
then, an excitation voltage signal is generated through a signal generating device, when the composite material to be monitored is strained, the intrinsic stress impedance effect of a magnetic fiber main body in a micro-strain sensor is utilized, the micro-strain sensor and the composite material to be monitored are jointly strained, and the magnetic domain of the magnetic fiber main body is transformed, so that the electrical impedance of the micro-strain sensor is changed; the change condition of the electrical impedance of the micro-strain sensor is monitored through the signal receiving device, and the real-time monitoring of the macroscopic strain of the composite material is realized.
Preferably, the composite material is a resin-based composite material.
Preferably, the excitation voltage signal is one of a sinusoidal signal, a square wave signal or a sawtooth wave signal, and the frequency is 10-1000 MHz.
Preferably, the signal receiving device is an oscilloscope; the oscilloscope comprises a receiving end and an output end, wherein the receiving end is connected with the second sleeve electrode through a second wire, and the output end is connected with a computer for signal processing.
Further, the computer processes the received electrical signal in a time domain peak analysis mode or a frequency domain phase analysis mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the micro-strain sensor can be excited by a simple waveform signal, and the strain state monitored by the sensor can be obtained based on the analysis of the electric signal change of the sensor; the monitoring range of the sensor can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the magnetic fiber body and the state of the surrounding prestress field. The sensor has the advantages of adjustability, simplicity in preparation and low cost, and has the characteristics of simple matching equipment, simplicity and convenience in signal analysis method and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microstrain sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the strain monitoring use of the micro-strain sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the response of the microstrain sensor under different frequency excitation signals in example 1;
FIG. 4 is the strain response of the microstrain sensor of different length under the excitation signal of 30MHz in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a micro strain sensor for micro strain monitoring in example 2;
the drawings in the figures are illustrated as follows: the device comprises a magnetic fiber main body 1, a first sleeve electrode 21, a second sleeve electrode 22, a first lead 31, a second lead 32, a signal generating device 4, an oscilloscope 5 and a computer 6.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
With the wide application of resin-based composite materials in the fields of aerospace, wind power generation and the like, due to the brittleness of the resin materials, the structural health state of the resin materials is more and more concerned and valued in order to prevent sudden catastrophic damage of the structural materials. Strain status is one of the main monitoring indicators of structural health status, making the corresponding strain sensors increasingly important.
The magnetic fiber material has quasi-one-dimensional fiber characteristics and excellent impedance performance, and simultaneously, the characteristics of the metal-like material enable the magnetic fiber material to have certain deformation capacity. Therefore, aiming at the existing problem of strain monitoring in the service process of the resin-based composite material, the invention discloses a micro-strain sensor based on magnetic fibers and an application method thereof. As shown in fig. 1, the microstrain sensor based on magnetic fiber provided by the present invention mainly includes a magnetic fiber body 1, a first sleeve electrode 21 and a second sleeve electrode 22. The sensor can monitor micro strain in the resin matrix composite material and has high sensitivity; meanwhile, the signal excitation and acquisition equipment matched with the sensor is simple and convenient, and the signal analysis is simple. The structure, connection and application method of each component of the micro-strain sensor will be described in detail below.
The magnetic fiber body 1 has a linear structure, and the interfaces at both ends are connected to the first sleeve electrode 21 and the second sleeve electrode 22, respectively. One end of the first sleeve electrode 21 is connected to the magnetic fiber body 1, and the other end thereof can be connected to an external signal generating device 4 through a first lead 31. One end of the second sleeve electrode 22 is connected with the magnetic fiber body 1, and the other end can be connected with an external signal receiving device through a second lead 32. That is, both ends of the magnetic fiber body 1 are connected with the transmission wire through the first and second sleeve electrodes 21 and 22, respectively, to form an electrically conductive magnetic fiber-based micro-strain sensor. The expression "connected" means that an electrical signal transmission path can be formed between the respective components.
In practical application, the magnetic fiber body 1 can be a columnar structure with a diameter of 30-200 μm, the material can be cobalt-based magnetic fiber with a magnetostriction coefficient smaller than or close to zero, and the material is preferably cobalt-based magnetic fiber with a magnetostriction coefficient of (-3-0) multiplied by 10-6Cobalt-based magnetic fibers in the range. The materials of the first sleeve electrode 21 and the second sleeve electrode 22 may be conductive materials, and in order to avoid transmission loss, the first sleeve electrode 21, the second sleeve electrode 22, the first conducting wire 31 and the second conducting wire 32 may be made of the same material, so that the resistances of the four are similar. The connection between the magnetic fiber body 1 and the first sleeve electrode 21 and the connection between the magnetic fiber body 1 and the second sleeve electrode 22 may be the same, preferably by one of mechanical engagement, soldering or conductive adhesive bonding.
The micro-strain sensor can adjust the strain monitoring range of the magnetic fiber (namely the magnetic fiber body) by optimizing the length of the magnetic fiber material (namely the magnetic fiber body) and the stress field of the fiber interface, the monitoring range is changed between 0 and 8000 micro-strains, and the electric signal measurement has high precision and high repeatability. The interface stress can be applied by surface coating treatment and substrate pre-embedding.
The basic working principle of the micro-strain sensor is the intrinsic stress impedance effect of the magnetic fiber, and the basic working principle is as follows: when the sensor is embedded or attached to a composite material member to be monitored, as the sensor and a structural member (i.e., a composite material) are subjected to common strain, magnetic domains inside the sensor are transformed, so that the impedance of the magnetic fibers is changed, and the change of the received electric signals is reflected when corresponding excitation signals are applied. Therefore, according to the change of the electrical signal on the magnetic fiber, the deformation amount of the corresponding structural member can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, based on the micro strain sensor, the invention further provides a method for monitoring the strain of the composite material, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, fixing the micro-strain sensor on the surface of the composite material to be monitored, or embedding the micro-strain sensor in the composite material to be monitored, so that the micro-strain sensor and the composite material to be monitored can realize coordinated deformation. Then, the first sleeve electrode 21 is connected to the signal generating device 4 through the first wire 31, and the second sleeve electrode 22 is connected to the signal receiving device through the second wire 32, so as to form a passage for electrical communication.
Then, an excitation voltage signal is generated through the signal generating device 4, the intrinsic stress impedance effect of the magnetic fiber body 1 in the micro-strain sensor is utilized, the micro-strain sensor and the composite material to be monitored are subjected to common strain, the magnetic domain of the magnetic fiber body 1 is converted, and the electrical impedance of the micro-strain sensor is changed. The change condition of the electrical impedance of the micro-strain sensor is monitored through the signal receiving device, and the real-time monitoring of the macroscopic strain of the composite material is realized.
In practical application, the composite material is preferably a resin-based composite material, so as to obtain more accurate strain monitoring data. When the sensor is attached to or embedded into a composite material to be monitored, the magnetic fiber main body needs to be kept linearly elongated without obvious bending so as to prevent the monitoring effect from being influenced. The adopted excitation voltage signal can be one of a sine signal, a square wave signal or a sawtooth wave signal, and the frequency is 10-1000 MHz. The signal receiving device can adopt an oscilloscope 5; the oscilloscope 5 comprises a receiving end and an output end, wherein the receiving end is connected with the second sleeve electrode 22 through a second lead wire 32, and the output end is connected with the computer 6. The computer 6 is configured to process the received signal, and the processing mode may adopt time domain peak analysis or frequency domain phase analysis, which respectively corresponds to signal amplitude analysis and signal phase analysis.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a glass-coated CoFe-based magnetic fiber (magnetic fiber for short) with a magnetostriction coefficient close to zero is selected to manufacture a sensor, and then the sensor is adhered to the surface of an epoxy resin-cast composite material with the size of 200 × 20 × 5mm to perform in-situ strain monitoring. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: after glass layers at two ends of the magnetic fibers with the lengths of 20mm, 40mm, 60mm and 80mm are respectively ground by using sand paper, the two ends of the magnetic fibers are respectively connected with different leads through the conductive sleeve, and the two interfaces are connected in a mechanical meshing mode to obtain the sensor in electrical communication.
Step two: and (3) respectively sticking the sensors with different lengths obtained in the step one on the surface of a tensile member to be detected (namely the resin-based composite material) by using bonding glue to obtain a structural member to be monitored.
Step three: and respectively connecting the leads at two ends of the sensor in the structural component to be monitored to a signal generator and signal acquisition equipment, and connecting the corresponding equipment according to the diagram 2.
Step four: in the step, sinusoidal signals of 10MHz, 30MHz and 50MHz are respectively adopted for sensor excitation, the structural part to be tested is stretched through electronic stretching equipment, electric signals fed back on the sensor are monitored, and the corresponding structural part strain state is obtained through time domain peak value analysis.
As shown in fig. 3, the response of the sensor with a length of 20mm to strain under different excitation frequencies is shown, and as the strain increases, the response voltage on the sensor gradually increases; and as the frequency increases, the monitored voltage gradually decreases, which is caused by the increased loss due to the frequency effect.
As shown in fig. 4, which is the strain response of the sensor with different lengths under the excitation signal of 30MHz, it can be seen from the graph that as the length of the magnetic fiber increases, the strain range that can be monitored by the magnetic fiber sensor becomes wider, i.e. the effective monitoring capability increases.
Example 2
In the embodiment, a sensor is made of a glass-coated CoFe-based magnetic fiber (magnetic fiber for short) with a magnetostriction coefficient close to zero, and then the sensor is embedded into a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material made of 2 layers of G12500 unidirectional glass fiber prepreg to perform in-situ strain monitoring. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: after glass layers at two ends of the magnetic fiber with the length of 80mm are ground by using sand paper, the two ends of the magnetic fiber are respectively connected with different conducting wires through the conducting sleeve, and the two interfaces are connected in a mechanical meshing mode to obtain the sensor in electrical communication.
Step two: and (3) respectively sticking the sensor obtained in the step one on the surface of a tensile member to be detected (namely the resin-based composite material) by using the adhesive glue to obtain a structural member to be monitored.
Step three: and respectively connecting the leads at two ends of the sensor in the structural member to be monitored to a signal generator and signal acquisition equipment, and connecting the corresponding equipment according to the figure 2.
Step four: in the step, sinusoidal signals of 10MHz, 30MHz and 50MHz are respectively adopted for sensor excitation, the structural part to be tested is stretched through electronic stretching equipment, electric signals fed back on the sensor are monitored, and the corresponding structural part strain state is obtained through time domain peak value analysis.
As shown in fig. 5, in the case of monitoring the micro strain by the micro strain sensor in embodiment 2, it can be seen from the graph that the output voltage of the magnetic fiber sensor gradually increases with the increase of the strain, and the effective strain monitoring range reaches 5000 micro strains, and the output of the sensor is stable under different loading forces, and the consistency is high. Therefore, the initial microstrain of the composite material can be effectively monitored by using the sensor of the invention.
The invention takes the magnetic fiber as the sensing material, has high-sensitivity micro-strain monitoring capability, simple matched equipment and simple and convenient signal analysis mode, and is beneficial to realizing the low-cost real-time monitoring of the micro-strain of the structural part.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A microstrain sensor based on magnetic fibres, characterized in that it comprises a magnetic fibre body (1), a first sleeve electrode (21) and a second sleeve electrode (22); the magnetic fiber main body (1) is of a linear structure, and interfaces at two ends of the magnetic fiber main body are respectively connected with a first sleeve electrode (21) and a second sleeve electrode (22); the first sleeve electrode (21) can be connected to an external signal generating device (4) via a first line (31), and the second sleeve electrode (22) can be connected to an external signal receiving device via a second line (32).
2. The micro-strain sensor based on magnetic fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic fiber body (1) is a columnar structure with a diameter of 20-200 μm, and the material adopts a magnetostriction coefficient of (-3-0) x 10-6The cobalt-based magnetic fiber.
3. A magnetic fibre-based microstrain sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of both the first sleeve electrode (21) and the second sleeve electrode (22) is an electrically conductive material.
4. A magnetic fibre based micro-strain sensor according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the magnetic fibre body (1) and the first and second sleeve electrodes (21, 22) is one of a mechanical snap, a solder or an electrically conductive glue.
5. A magnetic fibre based micro-strain sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first sleeve electrode (21), the second sleeve electrode (22), the first lead (31) and the second lead (32) are made of the same material.
6. A method for realizing composite material strain monitoring by using the micro-strain sensor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing the micro-strain sensor on the surface of the composite material to be monitored, or embedding the micro-strain sensor into the composite material to be monitored, so that the micro-strain sensor and the composite material to be monitored can realize coordinated deformation; the first sleeve electrode (21) is connected with a signal generating device (4) through a first lead (31), and the second sleeve electrode (22) is connected with a signal receiving device through a second lead (32) to form a passage which is electrically communicated;
then, an excitation voltage signal is generated through a signal generating device (4), when the composite material to be monitored is strained, the intrinsic stress impedance effect of a magnetic fiber main body (1) in the micro-strain sensor is utilized, the micro-strain sensor and the composite material to be monitored are jointly strained, and a magnetic domain of the magnetic fiber main body (1) is transformed, so that the electrical impedance of the micro-strain sensor is changed; the change condition of the electrical impedance of the micro-strain sensor is monitored through the signal receiving device, and the real-time monitoring of the macroscopic strain of the composite material is realized.
7. The method of enabling composite strain monitoring of claim 6, wherein the composite is a resin-based composite.
8. The method for realizing the composite material strain monitoring as claimed in claim 6, wherein the excitation voltage signal is one of a sinusoidal signal, a square wave signal or a sawtooth wave signal, and the frequency is 10-1000 MHz.
9. The method for realizing composite material strain monitoring according to claim 6, wherein the signal receiving device is an oscilloscope (5); the oscilloscope (5) comprises a receiving end and an output end, wherein the receiving end is connected with the second sleeve electrode (22) through a second lead (32), and the output end is connected with a computer (6) for signal processing.
10. Method for implementing composite strain monitoring according to claim 9, characterized in that the computer (6) processes the received electrical signal in a time domain peak analysis or a frequency domain phase analysis.
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| CN202111348385.7A CN114061435B (en) | 2021-11-15 | Micro-strain sensor based on magnetic fiber and strain monitoring method |
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| CN202111348385.7A CN114061435B (en) | 2021-11-15 | Micro-strain sensor based on magnetic fiber and strain monitoring method |
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| CN114061435A true CN114061435A (en) | 2022-02-18 |
| CN114061435B CN114061435B (en) | 2024-07-26 |
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