CN114060712A - 一种超低温储罐用颈管 - Google Patents

一种超低温储罐用颈管 Download PDF

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CN114060712A
CN114060712A CN202111370965.6A CN202111370965A CN114060712A CN 114060712 A CN114060712 A CN 114060712A CN 202111370965 A CN202111370965 A CN 202111370965A CN 114060712 A CN114060712 A CN 114060712A
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fixedly connected
support cylinder
cylinder
cylinder body
storage tank
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李央
刘焕杰
张少勇
郭涛
李静
郭凯欣
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Aerosun Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/234—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of closing end pieces, e.g. caps
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/238—Filling of insulants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种超低温储罐用颈管，属于低温容器绝热设计技术领域。该颈管包括与储罐外壳密封固连的带封闭盖的外接头以及与储罐内胆密封固连的内筒体；内筒体的内端封闭，并与位于内筒体中的内管的内端周圈密封固连，内管延伸出内筒体的外段穿插轴线与之相交的内支撑筒并密封固连，内支撑筒的一端与空套在其外的外支撑筒的外端密封固连；外支撑筒的内端穿入空套在内管外的内接管邻近内管的内段密封固连；内接管的外端通过非金属隔垫与外接头内端固连。本发明使得超低温储罐绝热效果十分理想，可以切实满足长期保存超低温介质的需要。

Description

一种超低温储罐用颈管
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超低温储罐用颈管，尤其是小型立式液氢储罐用颈管结构，属于低温容器绝热设计技术领域。
背景技术
传热学中，高真空环境可有效避免对流传热，多层铝箔复合层或多层冷屏可有效减少辐射漏热，因此高真空多层（多屏）绝热常用于低温真空绝热保温结构。然而，由于低温真空绝热储罐的内外容器间需要借助类似颈管结构的支撑实现内外连接，因此固体导热必然存在。为最大限度减少热传导，支撑结构应尽可能导热系数低、耐低温能力强以及热桥足够长。
图1是传统低温真空绝热储罐支撑在内胆5与外壳10之间的颈管结构，其中与内胆5焊接的内筒体2通过内接管16与焊接在外壳10的外接头11上的封闭盖12固定连接。为了尽可能减少热传导，改进成图2所示现有技术的颈管结构，其核心的创新之处是将原先整体的内接管16分成内外两段，其间增加了热传导系数低的非金属材质隔热接管16’。
随着需要贮存液氢、液氦等温度低于-196℃的超低温介质，将上述现有技术应用与超低温贮存难以满足要求。其原因一是热桥长度限于内胆和外壳间距，因而十分有限；二是颈管的连接结构产生的均为拉压应力，无法承载过度冷缩状态下焊缝的剪切应力，抗疲劳性能差，使用寿命较短。尤其是小型超低温真空绝热储罐，更是如此。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对上述现有技术存在的问题，通过结构改进，提出一种妥善解决热桥受限以及消解剪切应力问题的超低温储罐用颈管，从而进一步显著改善绝热效果，使真空储罐可以切实满足长期保存超低温介质的需要。
为了达到上述目的，本发明超低温储罐用颈管的基本技术方案为：包括与储罐外壳密封固连的带封闭盖的外接头以及与储罐内胆密封固连的内筒体；
所述内筒体的内端封闭，并与位于内筒体中的内管的内端周圈密封固连，所述内管延伸出内筒体的外段穿插轴线与之相交的内支撑筒并密封固连，所述内支撑筒的一端与空套在其外的外支撑筒的外端密封固连；
所述外支撑筒的内端穿入空套在内管外的内接管邻近内管的内段密封固连；
所述内接管的外端通过非金属隔垫与外接头内端固连。
采用本发明后，不仅支撑在储罐外壳与内胆之间的颈管热桥具有非金属隔离环节，而且热桥经过内筒体—内管—内支撑筒—外支撑筒—内接管—隔垫—外接头，长度远远大于储罐外壳与内胆的真空夹层间距，并且内筒体与内管以及内支撑筒与外支撑筒之间分别构成了两个方向的迷宫结构；加之轴线与内管相交的内支撑筒结构突破了原先颈管仅拉压应力方向的连接结构，可以通过内外支撑筒产生的应变有效消解剪切应力，从而使得采用本发明的超低温储罐绝热效果十分理想，可以切实满足长期保存超低温介质的需要。
本发明进一步的完善是，所述内管位于内筒体和外支撑筒之间的部位径向延伸出至少一片翅片。因此构成冷屏结构。
本发明再进一步的完善是，所述内筒体的内端通过连接环的内端与内封头密封焊接固连而封闭。
本发明再进一步的完善是，所述内筒体的内端通过所述连接环的外端与位于内筒体中的内管的内端周圈密封固连。这样使连接环起到三件连接作用，工艺方便，结构可靠。
本发明再进一步的完善是，所述内支撑筒的一端与空套在其外的外支撑筒的外端通过U形环密封固连。从而借助水平内、外支撑筒形成迷宫管，可以在有限空间内尽可能加长颈管热桥，减少漏热。
本发明再进一步的完善是，所述内接管的外端通过玻璃钢隔离垫，并借助外套玻璃钢绝热套垫的紧固件与外接头内端固连。该结构不仅可以减少漏热，而且玻璃钢绝热套垫、玻璃钢隔离垫均承受压应力，内胆重量由不锈钢螺栓之类的紧固件承担，还可减小加工难度。
附图说明
图1是传统低温储罐的结构示意图。
图2是现有技术低温储罐的结构示意图。
图3是本发明实施例一的结构示意图。
图4是图3实施例的立体分解结构示意图。
图5是本发明实施例二的结构示意图。
图6是本发明实施例三的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
本实施例的小型立式液氢储罐用颈管如图3和图4所示，包括与液氢储罐外壳10密封焊接固连的带封闭盖12的外接头11以及与液氢储罐内胆5密封焊接固连的内筒体2。
内筒体2的内端通过连接环3的内端与椭圆形内封头1密封焊接固连而封闭，并通过连接环3的外端与位于内筒体2中的内管4的内端周圈密封焊接固连。
内管4延伸出内筒体2的外段穿插轴线与之垂直相交的内支撑筒9并密封焊接固连，内支撑筒9的一端与空套在其外的外支撑筒8的外端通过U形环7密封焊接固连。内管4位于内筒体2和外支撑筒8之间的部位径向延伸出三片翅片6。
外支撑筒8的内端穿入空套在内管4外的内接管16邻近内管4的内段密封焊接固连。内接管16的外端圈通过作为非金属隔垫的玻璃钢隔离垫15，并借助外套玻璃钢绝热套垫14的紧固件13与外接头11内端固连。
本实施例颈管与内胆的连接形成了封头气冷筒结构，工作时可以利用低温介质的冷量形成气冷腔冷却颈管根部。翅片构成了与颈管连接的冷屏结构，使绝热层形成多层冷屏。水平内、外支撑筒形成的迷宫管可以在有限空间内尽可能加长颈管热桥，减少漏热。而颈管与外壳的连接可靠形成真空夹层。
实验表明，采用本实施例具有如下优点：
1）有效提高小型立式超低温真空绝热储罐的保温性能和颈管强度，妥善解决了易结霜、结露或局部温度过低等问题。
2）通过合理增设横向迷宫管结构，将罐体对颈管的纯拉应力转换为水平悬臂梁的弯曲应力，最大限度利用夹层空间、加长颈管热桥，减少漏热。
3）借助玻璃钢隔离垫、绝热套垫，不仅实现了金属构件之间的导热“断桥”，而且隔热垫、绝热套垫基本不承受拉应力和剪应力，受力状态良好。
实施例二
本实施例的储罐用颈管如图5所示，其基本结构与实施例一相同，不同之处在于：内管延伸出内筒体2的外段穿插轴线与之倾斜相交的内支撑筒9并密封焊接固连。
实施例三
本实施例的储罐用颈管如图6所示，其基本结构也与实施例一相同，不同之处在于：内支撑筒9和外支撑筒8均为外大内小的锥型筒。
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。例如，内封头也可以是反向安装的椭圆封头或平盖；再如，当内胆偏重时，考虑到热桥水平传热会导致颈管产生较大弯矩，可左、右对称或周向多点安置内、外支撑筒形成的迷宫管，抵消弯矩；等等。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在发明要求的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种超低温储罐用颈管,包括与储罐外壳（10）密封固连的带封闭盖（12）的外接头（11）以及与储罐内胆（5）密封固连的内筒体（2）；其特征在于：
所述内筒体（2）的内端封闭，并与位于内筒体中的内管（4）的内端周圈密封固连，所述内管（4）延伸出内筒体（2）的外段穿插轴线与之相交的内支撑筒（9）并密封固连，所述内支撑筒（9）的一端与空套在其外的外支撑筒（8）的外端密封固连；
所述外支撑筒（8）的内端穿入空套在内管（4）外的内接管（16）邻近内管（4）的内段密封固连；
所述内接管（16）的外端通过非金属隔垫（15）与外接头（11）内端固连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超低温储罐用颈管，其特征在于：所述内管位于内筒体和外支撑筒之间的部位径向延伸出至少一片翅片。
3.根据权利要求2所述的超低温储罐用颈管，其特征在于：所述内筒体的内端通过连接环的内端与内封头密封焊接固连而封闭。
4.根据权利要求3所述的超低温储罐用颈管，其特征在于：所述内筒体的内端通过所述连接环的外端与位于内筒体中的内管的内端周圈密封固连。
5.根据权利要求4所述的超低温储罐用颈管，其特征在于：所述内支撑筒的一端与空套在其外的外支撑筒的外端通过U形环密封固连。
6.根据权利要求5所述的超低温储罐用颈管，其特征在于：所述内接管的外端通过玻璃钢隔离垫，并借助外套玻璃钢绝热套垫的紧固件与外接头内端固连。
CN202111370965.6A 2021-11-18 2021-11-18 一种超低温储罐用颈管 Pending CN114060712A (zh)

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