CN114060298A - Control circuit and method of electric fan - Google Patents

Control circuit and method of electric fan Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114060298A
CN114060298A CN202010770518.9A CN202010770518A CN114060298A CN 114060298 A CN114060298 A CN 114060298A CN 202010770518 A CN202010770518 A CN 202010770518A CN 114060298 A CN114060298 A CN 114060298A
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voltage
resistor
phase
circuit
stepping motor
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CN114060298B (en
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郭新生
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GD Midea Environment Appliances Manufacturing Co Ltd
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GD Midea Environment Appliances Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F04D25/10—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit having provisions for automatically changing direction of output air
    • F04D25/105—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit having provisions for automatically changing direction of output air by changing rotor axis direction, e.g. oscillating fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the application discloses control circuit and method of electric fan, wherein, control circuit of electric fan includes: the control circuit comprises a controller, an N-phase stepping motor and a main control circuit, wherein the main control circuit comprises N control modules, and each control module comprises a driving tube, a protection resistor and a voltage division circuit; the collector of the driving tube and the voltage input end of the voltage dividing circuit are connected with the output end of a phase motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor together, the emitter of the driving tube is grounded with the grounding end of the voltage dividing circuit, the base of the driving tube is connected with one end of the protective resistor, and the other end of the protective resistor and the voltage output end of the voltage dividing circuit are connected with one connecting end of the controller together.

Description

Control circuit and method of electric fan
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of household appliances, in particular to a control circuit and a control method of an electric fan.
Background
The electric fan is an electric appliance commonly used in summer, and generally comprises a positioning system, an oscillating mechanism, a limiting device and the like. Stop device is used for injecing the mechanism of shaking the head and shakes the head scope, and positioning system can realize shaking the head the mechanism and rotate the time location at different angle within ranges, when positioning system discerned that the mechanism of shaking the head rotates the boundary position (the biggest angle of shaking the head of setting for promptly) of the scope of shaking the head, makes the mechanism of shaking the head toward gyration through reseing.
The related art positioning system generally includes a hall sensor, a magnet, and the like, in addition to the controller. The positioning system in the related art has the following disadvantages: 1) due to the arrangement of the Hall sensor and the magnet, the circuit structure of the positioning system is complex, so that the cost is high; 2) in the process of resetting, the oscillating mechanism needs different resetting time at different positions, and the longest possibility of stalling is 15 seconds, so that the energy efficiency utilization rate of the electric fan is low; the locked rotor can further increase the load of the gear, and if the locked rotor is locked for a long time, the oscillating mechanism is easy to generate abnormal sound.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present application are intended to provide a control circuit and a method for an electric fan.
The technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:
in one aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a control circuit of an electric fan, including:
a controller including M connection terminals;
an N-phase stepping motor; wherein M, N is an integer of 2 or more;
the main control circuit comprises N control modules, and each control module comprises a driving tube, a protection resistor and a voltage division circuit;
the collector of driving tube with bleeder circuit's voltage input end connects jointly the output of N looks motor winding of step motor, the projecting pole of driving tube with bleeder circuit's earthing terminal ground connection, the base of driving tube with protective resistor's one end is connected, protective resistor's the other end with bleeder circuit's voltage output end connects jointly a link of controller.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application provides a control method of an electric fan, which is applied to a control circuit of the electric fan, wherein the control circuit of the electric fan comprises an N-phase stepping motor, a controller and a main control circuit, and the controller comprises M connecting ends; the main control circuit comprises N control modules, and each control module comprises a driving tube, a protection resistor and a voltage division circuit;
the collector of the driving tube and the voltage input end of the voltage division circuit are connected with the output end of a one-phase motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor together, the emitter of the driving tube is grounded with the grounding end of the voltage division circuit, the base of the driving tube is connected with one end of the protection resistor, and the other end of the protection resistor and the voltage output end of the voltage division circuit are connected with one connecting end of the controller together;
the method comprises the following steps:
the controller sequentially controls different connecting ends to output a voltage control signal in a corresponding beat and controls the corresponding connecting ends to receive voltage values output by the voltage dividing circuit in other (N-1) beats in a period of continuous N beats;
the controller determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor according to the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit;
the controller determines an angle corresponding to the N-phase stepping motor when the N-phase stepping motor is locked as a reset angle;
and the controller controls the N-phase stepping motor to rotate according to the reset angle.
In the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, firstly, the controller outputs a voltage control signal through the connecting end to control the N-phase stepping motor to rotate, the connecting end detects the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit to determine the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor, and devices such as a Hall sensor, a magnet and the like are not required to be arranged, so that the circuit structure is simplified, the realization is easier, and the cost is low; secondly, the controller automatically judges whether the N-phase stepping motor is locked or not by detecting the reverse voltage of the motor winding, and determines the corresponding angle when the N-phase stepping motor is locked as a reset angle according to the judgment result, the whole process can be completed within a short time, so that the oscillating mechanism can be quickly reset after rotating to a boundary position, the oscillating mechanism can smoothly rotate, the locking phenomenon of the oscillating mechanism is avoided, and the energy efficiency utilization rate of the electric fan is improved; the abnormal sound problem caused by the locked rotor can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a related art oscillating mechanism;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a positioning system according to the related art;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control circuit of an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a control circuit of an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an operation timing sequence of a stepping motor according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application are further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, the described embodiments should not be considered as limiting the present application, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present application.
In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments" which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and may be combined with each other without conflict.
Where similar language of "first/second" appears in the specification, the following description is added, and where reference is made to the term "first \ second \ third" merely to distinguish between similar items and not to imply a particular ordering with respect to the items, it is to be understood that "first \ second \ third" may be interchanged with a particular sequence or order as permitted, to enable the embodiments of the application described herein to be performed in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the present application only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
In the related art, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an electric fan generally includes a positioning system 10, an oscillating mechanism, a limiting device 20, etc., the limiting device 20 is disposed at an oscillating boundary, and after the oscillating mechanism reaches the boundary, the oscillating mechanism is caught by the limiting device 20 and cannot exceed a physical oscillating range defined by the limiting device 20. As shown in fig. 2, the positioning system 10 includes a magnet 11, a hall sensor 12, and a controller 13. The magnet 11 is arranged in the oscillating mechanism and the hall sensor 12 is normally arranged in a neutral position. Through the rotatory 11 motion of driving magnet of mechanism of shaking the head, when magnet 11 through hall sensor 12, hall sensor 12 senses magnetic signal, and controller 13 just can confirm the mechanism of shaking the head in the intermediate position, then controller 13 control step motor 30 drive the mechanism of shaking the head rotates, realizes shaking the head the mechanism and rotates left or right.
In the positioning system shown in fig. 2, 1) the circuit structure of the positioning system 10 is relatively complicated due to the arrangement of the hall sensor 12 and the magnet 11, which results in relatively high cost; 2) if the oscillating mechanism rotates to the boundary position after being electrified, the oscillating mechanism can generate a locked rotor phenomenon, and the locked rotor duration is longer, so that the energy efficiency utilization rate of the electric fan is low; the locked rotor can further increase the load of the gear, and if the locked rotor is locked for a long time, the oscillating mechanism is easy to generate abnormal sound.
Compared with the prior art, firstly, the driving tube is driven to be conducted through the voltage control signal output by the connecting end of the controller connected with the protection resistor, so that the N-phase stepping motor is controlled to rotate, the controller judges whether reverse voltage occurs in a motor winding or not through detecting the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit, and whether the N-phase stepping motor is locked or not is determined, and because devices such as a Hall sensor, a magnet and the like are not required to be arranged, the circuit structure is simplified, the realization is easy, and the cost is low; secondly, the controller automatically judges whether the N-phase stepping motor is locked or not by detecting the reverse voltage of the motor winding, and determines the corresponding angle when the N-phase stepping motor is locked as a reset angle according to the judgment result, the whole process can be completed within a short time, so that the oscillating mechanism can be quickly reset after rotating to a boundary position, the oscillating mechanism can smoothly rotate, the locking phenomenon of the oscillating mechanism is avoided, and the energy efficiency utilization rate of the electric fan is improved; the abnormal sound problem caused by the locked rotor can be avoided.
The control circuit of an electric fan provided by the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, includes:
a controller 40 including M connection terminals;
an N-phase stepping motor M1; wherein M, N is an integer of 2 or more;
the main control circuit comprises N control modules 50, wherein each control module 50 comprises a driving tube Q, a protection resistor R and a voltage division circuit 501;
the collector of the driving tube Q and the voltage input end of the voltage dividing circuit 501 are connected together to the output end of one-phase motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor M1, the emitter of the driving tube Q is grounded to the ground end of the voltage dividing circuit 501, the base of the driving tube Q is connected to one end of the protection resistor R, and the other end of the protection resistor R and the voltage output end of the voltage dividing circuit 501 are connected together to one connection end of the controller 40.
Here, the controller 40 is configured to control the N-phase stepping motor M1 to rotate; and determining the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor M1 according to the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit 501. In addition, the controller 40 may filter the voltage signal input through the connection terminal of the controller 40 through a built-in software algorithm, so as to simplify a circuit structure and reduce cost. The controller 40 may be a Micro-controller Unit (MCU), a Microprocessor Unit (MPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like, and in the present embodiment, the controller 40 is described as an MCU. The connection end of the controller 40 connected with the protection resistor R outputs a voltage control signal to drive the driving tube Q to be conducted, so as to control the N-phase stepping motor M1 to rotate, the controller 40 judges whether reverse voltage occurs in a motor winding by detecting a voltage value of a voltage output end of the voltage division circuit 501, and determines whether the N-phase stepping motor M1 is locked, wherein the driving tube can be a silicon tube, a germanium tube, an MOS tube and the like, so that conduction voltage drops are different, and resistance ratios of the selected voltage division circuit are different. Because devices such as a Hall sensor, a magnet and the like are not required to be arranged, the circuit structure is simplified, the realization is easier, and the cost is low.
The N-phase stepping motor M1 is used to drive the oscillating mechanism of the electric fan to rotate, in this embodiment, the N-phase stepping motor M1 is a four-phase stepping motor, the N-phase stepping motor M1 is controlled by the controller 40, and after the controller 40 outputs a driving pulse, the N-phase stepping motor M1 rotates by an angle.
The main control circuit includes N control modules 50, and in this embodiment, the main control circuit includes four control modules 50, but the number of the control modules 50 is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can determine the number according to the output end of the N-phase stepping motor M1 in implementation, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto. Each control module 50 is connected with a corresponding motor winding, in this embodiment, each control module 50 includes a driving tube Q, a protection resistor R and a voltage dividing circuit 501, when the driving tube Q is turned on, the motor winding corresponding to the driving tube Q is powered on and rotates by an angle, when the driving tube Q is turned off, the voltage at the voltage output end of the voltage dividing circuit 501 cannot pass through the driving tube Q, and the collection of the reverse voltage of the motor winding cannot be affected.
When the stalling phenomenon occurs to the N-phase stepping motor M1, the beat is continuously output, the N-phase stepping motor M1 is reversed, the motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor M1 outputs a reverse voltage, the controller 40 automatically judges whether the stalling occurs to the N-phase stepping motor M1 by detecting the reverse voltage of the motor winding, and determines the corresponding angle when the stalling occurs to the N-phase stepping motor M1 as a reset angle according to the judgment result, the whole process can be completed within a short time, so that the oscillating mechanism can be quickly reset after rotating to the boundary position, the smooth rotation of the oscillating mechanism is realized, the stalling phenomenon of the oscillating mechanism is avoided, and the energy efficiency utilization rate of the electric fan is improved; the abnormal sound problem caused by the locked rotor can be avoided.
The control circuit of electric fan that this application embodiment provided includes:
a controller including M connection terminals;
an N-phase stepping motor; wherein M, N is an integer of 2 or more;
the main control circuit comprises N control modules, and each control module comprises a driving tube, a protection resistor and a voltage division circuit;
the collector of driving tube with bleeder circuit's voltage input end connects jointly the output of N looks motor winding of step motor, the projecting pole of driving tube with bleeder circuit's earthing terminal ground connection, the base of driving tube with protective resistor's one end is connected, protective resistor's the other end with bleeder circuit's voltage output end connects jointly a link of controller.
The voltage dividing circuit comprises a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor, one end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected with the collector of the driving tube, the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor and one end of the second voltage dividing resistor are connected with the other end of the protection resistor together, and the other end of the second voltage dividing resistor is grounded.
In some embodiments, the voltage divider circuit further includes a capacitor, one end of the capacitor is connected to the other end of the first voltage divider resistor, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded. The capacitor is used for filtering the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit, so that the output voltage value is smoother, and interference on the reverse voltage of the motor winding detected by the controller is avoided.
The control circuit of electric fan that this application embodiment provided includes:
a controller including M connection terminals;
an N-phase stepping motor;
the main control circuit comprises N control modules, and each control module comprises a driving tube, a protection resistor, a voltage division circuit and a diode;
the collector of the driving tube and the voltage input end of the voltage dividing circuit are connected with one output end of the stepping motor together, the emitter of the driving tube is grounded with the grounding end of the voltage dividing circuit, the base of the driving tube is connected with one end of the protective resistor, and the other end of the protective resistor is connected with the voltage output end of the voltage dividing circuit together with one connecting end of the controller.
The anode of the diode is connected with one end of the protective resistor, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the collector of the driving tube.
The voltage dividing circuit comprises a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor, one end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected with the collector of the driving tube, the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor and one end of the second voltage dividing resistor are connected with the other end of the protection resistor together, and the other end of the second voltage dividing resistor is grounded.
The diode in the embodiment of the application can reduce the voltage input through the protective resistor, so that the voltage input through the protective resistor is lower than the conduction voltage of the driving tube, and the influence on the reverse voltage of the motor winding detected by the controller is avoided.
In some embodiments, the voltage divider circuit further includes a capacitor, one end of the capacitor is connected to the other end of the first voltage divider resistor, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded. The capacitor is used for filtering the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit, so that the output voltage value is smoother, and interference on the reverse voltage of the motor winding detected by the controller is avoided.
The embodiment of the present application provides a control circuit of an electric fan, as shown in fig. 4, for example, a triode is selected as a driving tube, the control circuit includes a controller 40, an N-phase stepper motor M1 and a main control circuit, and the main control circuit includes a first control module 51, a second control module 52, a third control module 53 and a fourth control module 54.
The first control module 51 comprises a first resistor R1, a first diode D1, a first triode Q1 and a first voltage divider circuit 521, wherein the first voltage divider circuit 521 comprises a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3 and a first capacitor C1, one end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the first diode D1, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the base of the first triode Q1, the other end of the first resistor R1 is commonly connected to one end of the second resistor R2, one end of the third resistor R3, one end of the first capacitor C1 and the connection terminal A of the controller 40, the collector of the first triode Q1 and the other end of the second resistor R2 are connected to a first output terminal of the N-phase stepping motor M1, the emitter of the first transistor Q1 is commonly grounded with the other end of the third resistor R3 and the other end of the first capacitor C1.
Here, the resistance of the first resistor R1 is 470 Ω, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 function as voltage divider, the resistance of the second resistor R2 is 100K Ω, the resistance of the third resistor R3 is 4.7K Ω, the model of the first diode D1 is 4148, the model of the first transistor Q1 is 8050, and the capacitance of the first capacitor C1 is 0.01 uF.
In order to reduce the cost, under the condition that the first diode D1 is eliminated, the value of the third resistor R3 is 2.7K Ω, and the voltage difference V1 between two ends of the third resistor R3 is calculated by the formula (1) provided in this embodiment;
V1＝R3/(R3+R2)*VCC＝2.7/(2.7+100)*24＝0.63V (1)；
v1 is less than 0.7V at the PN junction of the first transistor Q1, and the first transistor Q1 is also non-conducting.
The second control module 52 includes a fourth resistor R4, a second diode D2, a second transistor Q2, and a second voltage divider 522, the second voltage divider 522 includes a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, and a second capacitor C2, one end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is commonly connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5, one end of the sixth resistor R6, one end of the second capacitor C2 and the connection terminal B of the controller 40, the collector of the second triode Q2 and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 are connected to the second output terminal of the N-phase stepping motor M1, an emitter of the second transistor Q2 is commonly grounded with the other end of the sixth resistor R6 and the other end of the second capacitor C2.
Here, the fourth resistor R4 has a resistance of 470 Ω, the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 perform a voltage dividing function, the fifth resistor R5 has a resistance of 100K Ω, the sixth resistor R6 has a resistance of 4.7K Ω, the second diode D2 has a model of 4148, the second transistor Q2 has a model of 8050, and the second capacitor C2 has a capacitance of 0.01 uF.
In order to reduce the cost, under the condition that the second diode D2 is eliminated, the value of the sixth resistor R6 is 2.7K Ω, and the voltage difference V2 between the two ends of the sixth resistor R6 is calculated by the formula (2) provided in this embodiment;
V2＝R6/(R6+R5)*VCC＝2.7/(2.7+100)*24＝0.63V (2)；
v2 is less than 0.7V at the PN junction of the second transistor Q2, and the second transistor Q2 is also non-conducting.
The third control module 53 includes a seventh resistor R7, a third diode D3, a third transistor Q3, and a third voltage dividing circuit 523, the third voltage dividing circuit 523 includes an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, and a third capacitor C3, one end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the anode of the third diode D3, the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the base of the third transistor Q3, the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is commonly connected to one end of the eighth resistor R8, one end of the ninth resistor R9, one end of the third capacitor C3, and the connection terminal C of the controller 40, the collector of the third triode Q3 and the other end of the eighth resistor R8 are commonly connected to the third output terminal of the N-phase stepping motor M1, an emitter of the third transistor Q3 is commonly grounded with the other end of the ninth resistor R9 and the other end of the third capacitor C3.
Here, the seventh resistor R7 has a resistance of 470 Ω, the eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9 function as a voltage divider, the eighth resistor R8 has a resistance of 100K Ω, the ninth resistor R9 has a resistance of 4.7K Ω, the third diode D3 has a model of 4148, the third transistor Q3 has a model of 8050, and the third capacitor C3 has a capacitance of 0.01 uF.
In order to reduce the cost, under the condition that the third diode D3 is eliminated, the value of the ninth resistor R9 is 2.7K Ω, and the voltage difference V3 between the two ends of the ninth resistor R9 is calculated by the formula (3) provided in this embodiment;
V3＝R9/(R9+R8)*VCC＝2.7/(2.7+100)*24＝0.63V (3)；
v3 is less than 0.7V at the PN junction of the third transistor Q3, and the third transistor Q3 is also non-conducting.
The fourth control module 54 includes a tenth resistor R10, a fourth diode D4, a fourth transistor Q4, and a fourth voltage divider 524, the fourth voltage divider 524 includes an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, and a fourth capacitor C4, one end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode D4, the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the base of the fourth transistor Q4, the other end of the tenth resistor R10 is commonly connected to one end of the eleventh resistor R11, one end of the twelfth resistor R12, one end of the fourth capacitor C4, and the connection terminal D of the controller 40, the collector of the fourth triode Q4 and the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 are commonly connected with the fourth output terminal of the N-phase stepping motor M1, an emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 is commonly grounded with the other end of the twelfth resistor R12 and the other end of the fourth capacitor C4.
Here, the tenth resistor R10 has a resistance of 470 Ω, the eleventh resistor R11 and the twelfth resistor R12 function as voltage divider, the eleventh resistor R11 has a resistance of 100K Ω, the twelfth resistor R12 has a resistance of 4.7K Ω, the fourth diode D4 has a model of 4148, the fourth transistor Q4 has a model of 8050, and the fourth capacitor C4 has a capacitance of 0.01 uF.
In order to reduce the cost, under the condition that the fourth diode D4 is eliminated, the value of the twelfth resistor R12 is 2.7K Ω, and the voltage difference V4 between the two ends of the twelfth resistor R12 is calculated by the formula (4) provided in this embodiment;
V4＝R12/(R12+R11)*VCC＝2.7/(2.7+100)*24＝0.63V (4)；
v4 is less than 0.7V at the PN junction of the fourth transistor Q4, and the fourth transistor Q4 is also non-conducting.
In practical applications, the first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, and the fourth transistor Q4 may be replaced by an integrated driving circuit UL2003, or may be replaced by MOS transistors with the same characteristics.
The voltage division ratio of the second resistor R2 to the third resistor R3, the fifth resistor R5 to the sixth resistor R6, the eighth resistor R8 to the ninth resistor R9, and the eleventh resistor R11 to the twelfth resistor R12 can be selected according to different resistance values of the stepping motor to achieve the same effect, when the selected ratio is used for controlling the input state, the ratio that the first triode Q1, the second triode Q2, the third triode Q3 and the fourth triode Q4 cannot be conducted is appropriate, and the third triode with the driving function can be selected from a silicon tube, a germanium tube, an MOS tube and the like.
As shown in fig. 5, a method for controlling an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
step S501, in a period of continuous N beats, the controller sequentially controls different connecting ends to output a voltage control signal in a corresponding beat and controls the corresponding connecting ends to receive voltage values output by the voltage dividing circuit in other (N-1) beats;
here, the electric fan includes an N-phase stepping motor, a controller, and a main control circuit, wherein the controller includes M connection terminals; the main control circuit comprises N control modules, and each control module comprises a driving tube, a protection resistor and a voltage division circuit;
the collector of the driving tube and the voltage input end of the voltage division circuit are connected with the output end of a one-phase motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor together, the emitter of the driving tube is grounded with the grounding end of the voltage division circuit, the base of the driving tube is connected with one end of the protection resistor, and the other end of the protection resistor and the voltage output end of the voltage division circuit are connected with one connecting end of the controller together;
in this embodiment, the N-phase stepping motor is a four-phase stepping motor, and correspondingly, the main control circuit has four connection terminals, and generally, the four-phase stepping motor has two operation modes, i.e., four-phase four-beat, i.e., a-B-C-D, and four-phase eight-beat, i.e., a-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA; wherein A, B, C, D beats for single-phase, AB, BC, CD, DA beats for double-phase, four-phase four beats for four-phase as a cycle, four-phase eight beats for eight beats as a cycle, and four-phase four beats in this embodiment is described as an example, and those skilled in the art can complete the situation when the four-phase stepping motor works with four-phase eight beats according to actual needs.
When the stepping motor works in a four-phase four-beat mode, A, B, C, D beats operate in sequence, the controller controls the four connecting ends to output a voltage control signal in a corresponding beat in sequence, the voltage control signal is a high-level signal in the embodiment, and the corresponding connecting ends are controlled to receive the voltage value output by the voltage dividing circuit in other three beats, namely, the connecting end which outputs the voltage control signal in the A beat receives the corresponding voltage value output by the voltage dividing circuit in the B, C, D beats.
Step S502, the controller determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor according to the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit;
when the N-phase stepping motor is locked, the beat is continuously output, the N-phase stepping motor can be reversed, the motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor can output a reverse voltage, the reverse voltage is output after voltage division is carried out through the voltage division circuit, the controller judges whether the reverse voltage occurs in the motor winding by detecting the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit, whether the N-phase stepping motor is locked or not is determined, and the circuit structure is simplified because devices such as a Hall sensor, a magnet and the like are not required to be arranged, so that the realization is easier, and the cost is low.
Step S503, the controller determines the corresponding angle when the N-phase stepping motor is locked as a reset angle;
after the controller determines that the N-phase stepping motor is locked, the current angle is set as the reset angle at once, similarly, if a user touches the oscillating mechanism or directly swings the oscillating mechanism to a certain angle value larger than the reset angle, the locked-rotor phenomenon can also occur, and the controller also determines the corresponding angle of the N-phase stepping motor as the reset angle when the locked-rotor occurs.
And step S504, the controller controls the N-phase stepping motor to rotate according to the reset angle.
After the controller sets the current angle as the reset angle, the controller controls the N-phase stepping motor to drive the oscillating mechanism to rotate according to the reset angle, only a short time is needed from the occurrence of the stalling phenomenon to the recovery of normal rotation, and the oscillating mechanism in the related technology can stay at the stalling position for a long time.
As shown in fig. 6, a method for controlling an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
step S601, the controller sequentially controls different connecting ends to output a voltage control signal in a corresponding beat and controls the corresponding connecting ends to receive voltage values output by the voltage dividing circuit in other (N-1) beats in a period of continuous N beats;
here, step S601 corresponds to step S501, and for implementation, reference may be made to a specific embodiment of step S501.
Step S602, in response to the voltage control signal being turned on, the driving tube connected to the one-phase motor winding rotates corresponding to the motor winding connected to the collector of the turned-on driving tube.
The base electrode of the driving tube receives the voltage control signal to be conducted, the corresponding motor winding connected with the conducted collector electrode of the driving tube is electrified, and the motor winding rotates for an angle.
Step S603, the controller determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor according to the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit;
step S604, the controller determines the corresponding angle when the N-phase stepping motor is locked as a reset angle;
and step S605, controlling the N-phase stepping motor to rotate by the controller according to the reset angle.
Here, the steps S603 to S605 correspond to the steps S502 to S504, and specific embodiments of the steps S603 to S605 may be referred to when the steps are performed.
In some embodiments, the voltage divider circuit further comprises a capacitor, and correspondingly, the method further comprises:
the capacitor filters the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit;
and the controller determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor according to the filtered voltage value.
The input voltage is input into the voltage division circuit after passing through the motor winding, and is output through the voltage output end of the voltage division circuit after being divided by the voltage division circuit, and the capacitor can filter the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit, so that the output voltage value is smoother, and the interference on the reverse voltage of the motor winding detected by the controller is avoided. After the interference signals are removed, the controller can accurately judge whether the N-phase stepping motor is locked or not through the filtered voltage value, and the judgment accuracy is improved.
In some embodiments, the voltage divider circuit further comprises a capacitor, and correspondingly, each of the control modules further comprises a diode, and the method further comprises:
the diode reduces the voltage signal input to the base electrode of the driving tube.
The diode is used for reducing the voltage signal input into the base electrode of the driving tube, so that the voltage input through the protective resistor is lower than the breakover voltage of the driving tube, the influence on the reverse voltage of the motor winding detected by the controller is avoided, and the judgment accuracy is further improved.
As shown in fig. 7, a method for controlling an electric fan according to an embodiment of the present application includes:
step S701, the controller sequentially controls different connecting ends to output a voltage control signal in a corresponding beat and controls the corresponding connecting ends to receive voltage values output by the voltage dividing circuit in other (N-1) beats in a period of continuous N beats;
here, the steps S701 correspond to the steps S501, and the specific embodiment of the step S501 may be referred to when the steps S701 are performed.
Step S702, acquiring a reference voltage value V0;
the reference voltage value V0 can be calculated by formula (5) provided in this embodiment;
R200/(R200+R100)*VCC＝V0 (5)；
where VCC is the input voltage, R100 is the resistance of the first divider resistor, and R200 is the resistance of the second divider resistor, the reference voltage value V0 may be predetermined and may be stored locally.
Step S703 of determining that the N-phase stepping motor stalls when the magnitude relationship between the voltage value and the acquisition reference voltage value V0 satisfies a specific relationship;
in some embodiments, the voltage values include a single-phase voltage value output when the N-phase stepping motor operates in single-phase beat and two-phase voltage values output when the N-phase stepping motor operates in two-phase beat; correspondingly, the step S703 may include at least one of:
determining that the N-phase stepping motor is locked under the condition that the single-phase voltage value is smaller than a reference voltage value V0;
determining the N-phase step motor stall in the case that at least one of the bidirectional voltage values is less than a reference voltage value V0.
Step S704, determining an angle corresponding to the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor as a reset angle;
step S705, the controller controls the N-phase stepping motor to rotate according to the reset angle.
Here, the steps S704 and S705 correspond to the steps S503 and S504, respectively, and specific embodiments of the steps S503 and S504 may be referred to for implementation.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, the method for controlling an electric fan according to the embodiments of the present application is implemented based on a four-phase four-beat operation mode of a stepping motor, taking a triode as a driving tube as an example, as shown in fig. 8, and the method includes:
step S801, the controller controls a connecting end A to output a voltage control signal in a first beat, controls the connecting end A to receive a voltage value output by the corresponding voltage division circuit in a second beat to a fourth beat, and determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor;
as shown in fig. 4 and 9, the first beat (0 to 4 ms): the connection terminal a of the controller 40 outputs a 5V high level signal, and the current passes through the first resistor R1 and the first diode D1 in sequence to turn on the first triode Q1, at which time the a-phase motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor is energized and rotates by an angle. The connection terminal a of the controller 40 in the second to fourth beats (5 to 16ms) receives the voltage value output by the first voltage-dividing circuit 521, assuming that the input voltage VCC is 24V, and the input voltage VCC is input to the first voltage-dividing circuit 521 after passing through the winding of the phase-a motor, because the resistance values of the voltage-dividing resistors of the voltage-dividing circuits are different, the reference voltage value V0 is also different, in this embodiment, the reference voltage value V0 corresponding to the first voltage-dividing circuit 521 is obtained by calculating the reference voltage value V0 according to the formula (6) provided in this embodiment;
R3/(R3+R2)*VCC＝4.7/(4.7+100)*24＝1.07V (6)；
the filtered first capacitor C1 is output through a voltage output end of a first voltage division circuit 521 and divided into two paths, one path is directly input to a connecting end A of the controller 40 to carry out internal ADC (analog to digital converter) conversion, whether reverse voltage exists in the A-phase motor winding is detected, a reference voltage value V0 is 1.07V, and if the voltage is less than 1.07V, the A-phase motor winding is blocked and the oscillating mechanism reaches the boundary; in addition, the feedback voltage is input to a PN junction of the first triode Q1 after being reduced by 0.7V through the first resistor R1 and the first diode D1, the feedback voltage can be conducted only when the feedback voltage is at least larger than 1.4V through the two PN junctions, and therefore the first triode Q1 is cut off, and the detection of the controller 40 on the reverse voltage of the A-phase motor winding cannot be influenced.
Step S802, the controller outputs a voltage control signal at a second beat control connection end B, controls the connection end B to receive corresponding voltage values output by the voltage division circuit at a first beat, a third beat and a fourth beat, and determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor;
second beat (5 to 8 ms): the connection terminal B of the controller 40 outputs a 5V high level signal, and the current passes through the fourth resistor R4 and the second diode D2 in sequence to turn on the second triode Q2, at which time the winding of the B-phase motor of the N-phase stepping motor is energized and rotates by an angle. In the first beat (0 to 4ms), the third beat (9 to 12ms) and the fourth beat (13 to 16ms), the connection terminal B of the controller 40 receives the voltage value output by the second voltage dividing circuit 522, and assuming that the input voltage VCC is 24V, the input voltage VCC is input to the second voltage dividing circuit 522 after passing through the winding of the B-phase motor, because the resistance values of the voltage dividing resistors of the voltage dividing circuits are different, the reference voltage value V0 is also different, in this embodiment, the reference voltage value V0 corresponding to the second voltage dividing circuit 522, and the reference voltage value V0 may be calculated by the formula (7) provided in this embodiment;
R6/(R6+R5)*VCC＝4.7/(4.7+100)*24＝1.07V (7)；
the filtered voltage output end of the second capacitor C2 is output through the voltage output end of the second voltage division circuit 522 and divided into two paths, one path is directly input to the connection end B of the controller 40 for internal ADC conversion, whether the winding of the B-phase motor has reverse voltage or not is detected, the reference voltage value V0 is 1.07V, and if the voltage is less than 1.07V, it indicates that the winding of the B-phase motor has locked-up rotation and the oscillating mechanism has reached the boundary; in addition, the feedback voltage is reduced by 0.7V through the fourth resistor R4 and the second diode D2 and then input to the PN junction of the second triode Q2, and the feedback voltage can be conducted only when the feedback voltage is at least larger than 1.4V through the two PN junctions, so that the second triode Q2 is cut off, and the detection of the reverse voltage of the controller 40 on the B-phase motor winding cannot be influenced.
Step S803, the controller outputs a voltage control signal at a third beat control connection end C, controls the connection end C to receive corresponding voltage values output by the voltage division circuit at a first beat, a second beat and a fourth beat, and determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor;
third beat (9 to 12 ms): the connection terminal C of the controller 40 outputs a 5V high level signal, and the current passes through the seventh resistor R7 and the third diode D3 in sequence to turn on the third triode Q3, at which time the C-phase motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor is energized and rotates by an angle. In the first beat (0 to 4ms), the second beat (5 to 8ms) and the fourth beat (13 to 16ms), the connection terminal C of the controller 40 receives the voltage value output by the third voltage dividing circuit 523, assuming that the input voltage VCC is 24V, and the input voltage VCC is input into the third voltage dividing circuit 523 after passing through the C-phase motor winding, because the resistance values of the voltage dividing resistors of the voltage dividing circuits are different, the reference voltage value V0 is also different, and the reference voltage value V0 corresponding to the third voltage dividing circuit 523 in this embodiment can be calculated by the formula (8) provided in this embodiment;
R9/(R9+R8)*VCC＝4.7/(4.7+100)*24＝1.07V (8)；
the filtered voltage output end of the third capacitor C3 is output through the voltage output end of the third voltage division circuit 523 and divided into two paths, one path is directly input to the connection end C of the controller 40 for internal ADC conversion, whether reverse voltage exists in the C-phase motor winding is detected, the reference voltage value V0 is 1.07V, and if the voltage is less than 1.07V, it indicates that the C-phase motor winding is locked, and the oscillating mechanism has reached the boundary; in addition, the feedback voltage is reduced by 0.7V through the seventh resistor R7 and the third diode D3 and then input to the PN junction of the third triode Q3, and the feedback voltage can be conducted only when the feedback voltage is at least larger than 1.4V through the two PN junctions and the third triode Q3, so that the third triode Q3 is cut off, and the detection of the controller 40 on the reverse voltage of the C-phase motor winding cannot be influenced.
Step S804, the controller controls a connection end D to output a voltage control signal in the fourth beat, controls the connection end D to receive the voltage value output by the corresponding voltage division circuit in the first beat to the third beat, and determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor;
fourth beat (13 to 16 ms): the connection terminal D of the controller 40 outputs a 5V high level signal, and the current passes through the tenth resistor R10 and the fourth diode D4 in sequence to turn on the fourth triode Q4, at which time the D-phase motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor is energized and rotates by an angle. In the first beat (0 to 4ms), the second beat (5 to 8ms) and the third beat (9 to 12ms), the connection end D of the controller 40 receives the voltage value output by the fourth voltage dividing circuit 524, assuming that the input voltage VCC is 24V, and the input voltage VCC is input to the fourth voltage dividing circuit 524 after passing through the D-phase motor winding, because the resistance values of the voltage dividing resistors of the voltage dividing circuits are different, the reference voltage value V0 is also different, and the reference voltage value V0 corresponding to the fourth voltage dividing circuit 524 in this embodiment can be calculated by the formula (8) provided in this embodiment;
R9/(R9+R8)*VCC＝4.7/(4.7+100)*24＝1.07V (8)；
a fourth capacitor C4 filters the voltage and outputs the filtered voltage through a voltage output end of a fourth voltage division circuit 524, the filtered voltage is divided into two paths, one path of the filtered voltage is directly input to a connecting end D of the controller 40 to perform internal ADC (analog to digital converter) conversion, whether reverse voltage exists in a D-phase motor winding or not is detected, a reference voltage value V0 is 1.07V, and if the voltage is less than 1.07V, the D-phase motor winding is locked and rotated, and the head-shaking mechanism reaches the boundary; in addition, the feedback voltage is reduced by 0.7V through a tenth resistor R10 and a fourth diode D4 and then input to a PN junction of a fourth triode Q4, and the feedback voltage can be conducted only when the feedback voltage is at least larger than 1.4V through the two PN junctions and the fourth triode Q4, so that the fourth triode Q4 is cut off, and the detection of the controller 40 on the reverse voltage of the D-phase motor winding cannot be influenced.
Through the first beat to the fourth beat, the motor can be continuously controlled to operate, and whether the N-phase stepping motor is locked up or not can be continuously detected.
In the related art, the electric fan needs to be reset at an initial position (0 degree) first to realize swinging at accurate angles of 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees and the like, in the resetting process, the swinging mechanism needs different resetting time at different positions, the worst position possibly needs 15 seconds of locked rotor, the resetting time is very long, and the requirements of users cannot be well met. Meanwhile, a reset system consisting of the Hall sensor and the magnet is required, the circuit is complex, the structure is also complex, and the cost is high. As can be seen from the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present application separate the reverse voltage of the motor from the driving signal through a voltage dividing circuit and a driving tube. When the controller controls the connecting end to output a high-level signal, the triode is driven to be conducted, and the stepping motor starts to operate; when the controller controls the connection end to be switched to an input state (namely, the connection end does not output a high level signal at the moment), the controller monitors the reverse voltage output by the stepping motor through the voltage division circuit, namely, the reverse voltage is input through the voltage division circuit. Therefore, one connecting port of the controller can drive the stepping motor and can collect reverse voltage, so that the control circuit of the electric fan is simplified, the cost is reduced, the condition of rotation blockage can be avoided, and the energy efficiency utilization rate is improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A control circuit of an electric fan is characterized by comprising:
a controller including M connection terminals;
an N-phase stepping motor; wherein M, N is an integer of 2 or more;
the main control circuit comprises N control modules, and each control module comprises a driving tube, a protection resistor and a voltage division circuit;
the collector of driving tube with bleeder circuit's voltage input end connects jointly the output of N looks motor winding of step motor, the projecting pole of driving tube with bleeder circuit's earthing terminal ground connection, the base of driving tube with protective resistor's one end is connected, protective resistor's the other end with bleeder circuit's voltage output end connects jointly a link of controller.
2. The control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the voltage dividing circuit includes a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor, one end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the collector of the driving transistor, the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor and one end of the second voltage dividing resistor are commonly connected to the other end of the protection resistor, and the other end of the second voltage dividing resistor is grounded.
3. The control circuit of claim 2, wherein the voltage divider circuit further comprises a capacitor, one end of the capacitor is connected to the other end of the first voltage divider resistor, and the other end of the capacitor is grounded.
4. The control circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the control modules further comprises a diode, an anode of the diode is connected to one end of the protection resistor, and a cathode of the diode is connected to the collector of the driving tube.
5. The control method of the electric fan is characterized in that a control circuit of the electric fan comprises an N-phase stepping motor, a controller and a main control circuit, wherein the controller comprises M connecting ends; the main control circuit comprises N control modules, and each control module comprises a driving tube, a protection resistor and a voltage division circuit;
the collector of the driving tube and the voltage input end of the voltage division circuit are connected with the output end of a one-phase motor winding of the N-phase stepping motor together, the emitter of the driving tube is grounded with the grounding end of the voltage division circuit, the base of the driving tube is connected with one end of the protection resistor, and the other end of the protection resistor and the voltage output end of the voltage division circuit are connected with one connecting end of the controller together;
the method comprises the following steps:
the controller sequentially controls different connecting ends to output a voltage control signal in a corresponding beat and controls the corresponding connecting ends to receive voltage values output by the voltage dividing circuit in other (N-1) beats in a period of continuous N beats;
the controller determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor according to the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit;
the controller determines an angle corresponding to the N-phase stepping motor when the N-phase stepping motor is locked as a reset angle;
and the controller controls the N-phase stepping motor to rotate according to the reset angle.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
and the driving tube connected with the one-phase motor winding responds to the voltage control signal and rotates corresponding to the motor winding connected with the collector of the conducted driving tube under the condition of conduction.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the voltage divider circuit further comprises a capacitor, the method further comprising:
the capacitor filters the voltage value output by the voltage division circuit;
and the controller determines the locked rotor of the N-phase stepping motor according to the filtered voltage value.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the control modules further comprises a diode, the method further comprising:
the diode reduces the voltage signal input to the base electrode of the driving tube.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the controller determines the N-phase step motor stall based on the voltage value output by the voltage divider circuit, including
Acquiring a reference voltage value V0;
determining the N-phase stepping motor stalling in the case that the magnitude relation between the voltage value and the acquisition reference voltage value V0 satisfies a specific relation.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the voltage values include a single-phase voltage value output by the N-phase stepper motor operating at single phase beat and two bi-phase voltage values output by the N-phase stepper motor operating at bi-phase beat;
in the case where the magnitude relationship between the voltage value and the acquisition reference voltage value V0 satisfies a specific relationship, determining the N-phase stepping motor stalling includes at least one of:
determining that the N-phase stepping motor is locked under the condition that the single-phase voltage value is smaller than a reference voltage value V0;
determining the N-phase step motor stall in the case that at least one of the bidirectional voltage values is less than a reference voltage value V0.
CN202010770518.9A 2020-08-04 2020-08-04 Control circuit and method of electric fan Active CN114060298B (en)

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