CN114060255B - Magnetorheological fluid micropump driven by gradient magnetic field - Google Patents

Magnetorheological fluid micropump driven by gradient magnetic field Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114060255B
CN114060255B CN202111369770.XA CN202111369770A CN114060255B CN 114060255 B CN114060255 B CN 114060255B CN 202111369770 A CN202111369770 A CN 202111369770A CN 114060255 B CN114060255 B CN 114060255B
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magnetorheological fluid
pump
pump cavity
cavity
electromagnet
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CN114060255A (en
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陈淑梅
郑基楠
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Fuzhou University
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Fuzhou University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F04B17/04—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/1037—Flap valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections

Abstract

The invention provides a magnetorheological fluid micro pump driven by a gradient magnetic field, which comprises an electromagnet and an elastic pump cavity; an inlet valve for preventing liquid in the pump cavity from flowing out is arranged at the input port of the pump cavity, and an outlet valve for preventing liquid in the pump cavity from flowing in is arranged at the output port of the pump cavity; the elastic pump cavity is provided with an elastic magnetorheological fluid container; when the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified, magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid container flows under the action of a magnetic field and drives the magnetorheological fluid container to deform or displace, so that the pump cavity is driven to deform and squeeze liquid in the pump cavity to be output from the output port; when the exciting coil is powered off, the magnetorheological fluid container and the pump cavity are reset under the action of elasticity, so that negative pressure is formed in the pump cavity, and external liquid is sucked into the pump cavity through the input port; the invention has simple structure, small volume and high response speed, does not produce secondary pollution and damage to pumping liquid, and can be applied to conveying high-quality liquid such as biological medicines, chemical reagents and the like and used as a power source of a micro-mechanical system.

Description

Magnetorheological fluid micropump driven by gradient magnetic field
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid pumps, in particular to a magnetorheological fluid micropump driven by a gradient magnetic field.
Background
Hydraulic pumps play a very important role in industrial production and are the most important mechanical parts in many hydraulic driving devices such as construction machines and pipe-line transportation devices. The existing traditional hydraulic pump mainly comprises five types of gear pumps, plunger pumps, vane pumps, diaphragm pumps and peristaltic pumps, and is driven by a motor or an engine. The existing hydraulic pump mainly has the following problems:
1. the mechanical moving parts of the gear pump, the vane pump and the plunger pump can be directly contacted with pumped fluid in the working process, so that the fluid is polluted, the noise is large in the working process, and the mechanical parts are seriously worn;
2. the diaphragm pump and the peristaltic pump have less damage and pollution to the pumped liquid, but the motor is adopted as a mechanical power source, so that the structure is complex, the volume cannot be greatly reduced, and the application range is limited;
3. the tubular peristaltic pump made of the magnetorheological elastomer has smaller effective pump cavity volume, and the time required for the elastomer tube to recover after deformation is longer, so that the frequency of the compression pump cavity cannot be increased to influence the output flow.
Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) as one intelligent material is prepared with micron or nanometer level magnetic conducting particle, kerosene or silicone oil and other non-magnetic conducting carrier liquid and some modifying additive. The magnetorheological fluid can be converted from a fluid state to a semisolid state at a response speed of millisecond level under the action of an external magnetic field, and the magnetorheological fluid is also widely paid attention to due to the unique rheological property. In recent years, devices utilizing the magneto-rheological effect, such as magneto-rheological dampers, brakes, shock absorbers, polishing devices, and the like, have been continuously studied, and have good application prospects in the fields of vehicle engineering, civil engineering, aerospace, medicine, and the like.
However, there is no previous example of using magnetorheological fluid as a driving component in a pump, but at the same time, the magnetorheological fluid is a direction of application with considerable development potential. The magnetorheological fluid is subjected to a tensile force along the maximum direction of the magnetic field gradient under the action of the gradient magnetic field, and the tensile force is increased along with the rising of the magnetic field gradient. Therefore, the magnetic field is used as a power source, the magnetorheological fluid is used as a driving component, and the magnetorheological fluid pump can be manufactured by matching with a certain elastic structure. The magnetorheological fluid pump has the advantages of simple structure, flexible driving, strong reliability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The magnetorheological fluid micropump driven by the gradient magnetic field has the advantages of simple structure, small volume and high response speed, does not cause secondary pollution and damage to pumping fluid, and can be applied to conveying high-quality fluid such as biological medicines, chemical reagents and the like and used as a power source of a micromechanical system.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A gradient magnetic field driven magnetorheological fluid micropump, the micropump comprising an electromagnet (7) and an elastic pump chamber; an inlet valve (5) for preventing liquid in the pump cavity from flowing out is arranged at the input port of the pump cavity, and an outlet valve (2) for preventing liquid in the pump cavity from flowing in is arranged at the output port of the pump cavity; the elastic pump cavity is provided with an elastic magnetorheological fluid container (1); when the exciting coil (3) of the electromagnet is electrified, magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid container flows under the action of a magnetic field and drives the magnetorheological fluid container to deform or displace, so that the pump cavity is driven to deform and squeeze liquid in the pump cavity to be output from the output port; when the exciting coil is powered off, the magnetorheological fluid container and the pump cavity are reset under the action of elasticity, so that negative pressure is formed in the pump cavity, and external liquid is sucked into the pump cavity through the input port.
The pump body (4) of the miniature pump is made of elastic materials; the magnetorheological fluid container and the pump body are integrally formed, and the magnetorheological fluid container is a magnetorheological fluid containing cavity in the middle of the upper part of the pump body; the pump cavity of the pump body is communicated with the input pipeline through the input port; the magnetorheological fluid container is positioned at the upper part of the pump cavity; the electromagnet is arranged below the pump cavity.
When the exciting coil of the electromagnet is powered off and the magnetorheological fluid container is reset, the inlet valve and the outlet valve are kept in a normally closed state, the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity is in an ellipsoid shape, and the bottom surface with a larger area faces the electromagnet; when the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified, the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity is subject to the magnetic force of the electromagnet, the middle part of the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid is concave downwards, the top of the pump cavity is concave downwards, the inlet valve is closed, the outlet valve is opened, and the liquid in the pump cavity is extruded from the output port.
The pipe cavity at the joint of the input pipeline and the pump cavity input port is an ellipsoidal cavity (6).
The volume and the radius of the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid mass are larger than those of the ellipsoidal cavity of the input pipeline.
The electromagnet is arranged below the pump body or is close to the bottom surface of the pump body, and the magnetic attraction direction of the electromagnet faces to the magnetorheological fluid mass in the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity; when the magnetorheological fluid micropump works, the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified with pulse current, and a gradient magnetic field is periodically generated in the pump body so as to periodically pull the magnetorheological fluid mass in the magnetorheological fluid cavity to the direction of the electromagnet.
The inlet valve and the outlet valve are conical.
The working process of the magnetorheological fluid micro pump comprises the following steps of;
s1, no current is generated in an excitation coil (3), a pump body (4) is in a natural relaxation state, an inlet valve (5) and an outlet valve (2) are in a tight closing state, and an input pipeline (61), an output pipeline (62) and a pump cavity (63) are not communicated with each other;
s2, exciting current is introduced into the exciting coil (3), the electromagnet generates a gradient magnetic field B in the pump body (4) and pulls the magnetorheological fluid mass to approach the iron core (72) of the electromagnet at a speed v, and meanwhile, the pump body (4) is elastically deformed; the magnetorheological fluid (1) has extrusion effect on the liquid in the pump cavity in the process of approaching the iron core, at the moment, the outlet valve (2) is opened under the action of hydraulic pressure, the inlet valve (5) is kept in a closed state, and the liquid is led out of the pump body from the output pipeline (62);
s3, continuously introducing exciting current into the exciting coil (3), keeping the pump body (4) in a deformed state, closing the outlet valve (2), keeping the inlet valve (5) in a tightly closed state, and ensuring that the input pipeline (61), the output pipeline (62) and the pump cavity (63) are not communicated with each other;
s4, closing the current in the exciting coil (3), and pulling the magnetorheological fluid mass (1) back to the initial position under the action of the elastic force of the pump body (4), wherein the pump cavity (63) generates negative pressure to cause the inlet valve (5) to open and the outlet valve (2) to be kept closed, and pumping liquid flows in from the inlet valve (5) through the input pipeline (61) and fills the whole pump cavity (63);
when the magnetorheological fluid micro pump works, pulse current is introduced into the exciting coil, and the four steps can be repeatedly executed to continuously convey fluid.
The pump body is formed by silica gel materials.
The electromagnet comprises an iron core, an exciting coil and an outer ring magnetic conduction structure, wherein the iron core is arranged on the inner side of the exciting coil, the outer ring magnetic conduction structure is further arranged on the outer side of the exciting coil, the outer ring magnetic conduction structure forms an annular structure with a top view area larger than that of the magnetorheological fluid, and when the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified, the magnetic force of the outer ring magnetic conduction structure attracts the edge of the magnetorheological fluid so as to prevent the edge of the magnetorheological fluid from excessively sinking.
The invention has simple structure, small volume and high response speed, does not produce secondary pollution and damage to pumping liquid, and can be applied to conveying high-quality liquid such as biological medicines, chemical reagents and the like and used as a power source of a micro-mechanical system.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working steps of the miniature pump of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a magnetorheological fluid container; 2-an outlet valve; 3-exciting coil; 4-a pump body; 5-an inlet valve; 6-an ellipsoidal cavity; 7-an electromagnet;
61-input pipe; 62-an output pipe; 63-a pump chamber; 71-an outer ring magnetic conduction structure; 72-iron core.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figure, a magnetorheological fluid micro pump driven by a gradient magnetic field comprises an electromagnet 7 and an elastic pump cavity; an inlet valve 5 for preventing liquid in the pump cavity from flowing out is arranged at the input port of the pump cavity, and an outlet valve 2 for preventing liquid in the pump cavity from flowing in is arranged at the output port of the pump cavity; the elastic pump cavity is provided with an elastic magnetorheological fluid container 1; when the exciting coil 3 of the electromagnet is electrified, magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid container flows under the action of a magnetic field and drives the magnetorheological fluid container to deform or displace, so that the pump cavity is driven to deform and squeeze liquid in the pump cavity to be output from the output port; when the exciting coil is powered off, the magnetorheological fluid container and the pump cavity are reset under the action of elasticity, so that negative pressure is formed in the pump cavity, and external liquid is sucked into the pump cavity through the input port.
The pump body 4 of the miniature pump is made of elastic materials; the magnetorheological fluid container and the pump body are integrally formed, and the magnetorheological fluid container is a magnetorheological fluid containing cavity in the middle of the upper part of the pump body; the pump cavity of the pump body is communicated with the input pipeline through the input port; the magnetorheological fluid container is positioned at the upper part of the pump cavity; the electromagnet is arranged below the pump cavity.
When the exciting coil of the electromagnet is powered off and the magnetorheological fluid container is reset, the inlet valve and the outlet valve are kept in a normally closed state, the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity is in an ellipsoid shape, and the bottom surface with a larger area faces the electromagnet; when the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified, the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity is subject to the magnetic force of the electromagnet, the middle part of the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid is concave downwards, the top of the pump cavity is concave downwards, the inlet valve is closed, the outlet valve is opened, and the liquid in the pump cavity is extruded from the output port.
The pipe cavity at the joint of the input pipeline and the pump cavity input port is an ellipsoidal cavity 6.
The volume and the radius of the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid mass are larger than those of the ellipsoidal cavity of the input pipeline.
The electromagnet is arranged below the pump body or is close to the bottom surface of the pump body, and the magnetic attraction direction of the electromagnet faces to the magnetorheological fluid mass in the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity; when the magnetorheological fluid micropump works, the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified with pulse current, and a gradient magnetic field is periodically generated in the pump body so as to periodically pull the magnetorheological fluid mass in the magnetorheological fluid cavity to the direction of the electromagnet.
The inlet valve and the outlet valve are conical.
The working process of the magnetorheological fluid micro pump comprises the following steps of;
s1, no current is generated in the exciting coil 3, the pump body 4 is in a natural relaxation state, the inlet valve 5 and the outlet valve 2 are in a tight closing state, and the input pipeline 61, the output pipeline 62 and the pump cavity 63 are not communicated with each other;
step S2, exciting current is introduced into the exciting coil 3, the electromagnet generates a gradient magnetic field B in the pump body 4, pulls the magnetorheological fluid mass to approach the iron core 72 of the electromagnet at the speed v, and simultaneously causes the pump body 4 to elastically deform; the magnetorheological fluid mass 1 has an extrusion effect on the liquid in the pump cavity in the process of approaching the iron core, at the moment, the outlet valve 2 is opened under the action of hydraulic pressure, the inlet valve 5 is kept in a closed state, and the liquid is led out of the pump body from the output pipeline 62;
step S3, exciting current is continuously fed into the exciting coil 3, the pump body 4 keeps a deformed state, the outlet valve 2 is closed, the inlet valve 5 keeps a tightly-closed state, and the input pipeline 61, the output pipeline 62 and the pump cavity 63 are not communicated with each other;
step S4, closing the current in the exciting coil 3, and pulling the magnetorheological fluid mass 1 back to the initial position under the action of the elastic force of the pump body 4, wherein the pump cavity 63 generates negative pressure to cause the inlet valve 5 to be opened and the outlet valve 2 to be kept closed, so that pumped liquid flows in from the inlet valve 5 through the input pipeline 61 and fills the whole pump cavity 63;
when the magnetorheological fluid micro pump works, pulse current is introduced into the exciting coil, and the four steps can be repeatedly executed to continuously convey fluid.
The pump body is formed by silica gel materials.
The electromagnet comprises an iron core, an exciting coil and an outer ring magnetic conduction structure, wherein the iron core is arranged on the inner side of the exciting coil, the outer ring magnetic conduction structure 71 is further arranged on the outer side of the exciting coil, the outer ring magnetic conduction structure forms an annular structure with a top view area larger than that of the magnetorheological fluid, and when the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified, the magnetic force of the outer ring magnetic conduction structure attracts the edge of the magnetorheological fluid so as to prevent the edge of the magnetorheological fluid from excessively sinking.
In this example, the magnetorheological fluid is prepared by mixing micrometer or nanometer magnetic permeability particles, non-magnetic permeability carrier fluid such as kerosene or silicone oil and some modifying additives. Under the action of an external gradient magnetic field, each magnetically permeable particle in the magnetorheological fluid is subjected to an attractive force along the direction of the maximum magnetic field gradient, and the macroscopic appearance is that the whole magnetorheological fluid is pulled to the position with the maximum magnetic flux density.
The electromagnet in the embodiment can generate a gradient magnetic field in the pump body, so that the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid is pulled to the electromagnet, the pipeline cavity is extruded, and the liquid in the cavity is pumped out through the valve structure which is opened and closed in one direction.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A magnetic rheological fluid micropump driven by a gradient magnetic field is characterized in that: the micropump comprises an electromagnet (7) and an elastic pump cavity (63); an inlet valve (5) for preventing liquid in the pump cavity from flowing out is arranged at the input port of the pump cavity, and an outlet valve (2) for preventing liquid in the pump cavity from flowing in is arranged at the output port of the pump cavity; the pump cavity is provided with an elastic magnetorheological fluid container (1); when the exciting coil (3) of the electromagnet is electrified, magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid container flows under the action of a magnetic field and drives the magnetorheological fluid container to deform or displace, so that the pump cavity is driven to deform and squeeze liquid in the pump cavity to be output from the output port; when the exciting coil is powered off, the magnetorheological fluid container and the pump cavity are reset under the action of elasticity, so that negative pressure is formed in the pump cavity, and external liquid is sucked into the pump cavity through the input port;
the pump body (4) of the micro pump is made of elastic materials; the magnetorheological fluid container and the pump body are integrally formed, and the magnetorheological fluid container is a magnetorheological fluid containing cavity in the middle of the upper part of the pump body; the pump cavity of the pump body is communicated with the input pipeline through the input port; the magnetorheological fluid container is positioned at the upper part of the pump cavity; the electromagnet is arranged below the pump cavity;
when the exciting coil of the electromagnet is powered off and the magnetorheological fluid container is reset, the inlet valve and the outlet valve are kept in a normally closed state, and the magnetorheological fluid container cavity is in an ellipsoid shape; when the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified, the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity is subject to the magnetic force of the electromagnet, the middle part of the ellipsoidal magnetorheological fluid is concave downwards and the top of the pump cavity is concave downwards, the inlet valve is closed, the outlet valve is opened, and the liquid in the pump cavity is extruded from the output port;
the electromagnet is arranged below the pump body, and the magnetic attraction direction of the electromagnet faces to the magnetorheological fluid mass in the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity; when the magnetorheological fluid micropump works, the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified with pulse current, and a gradient magnetic field is periodically generated in the pump body so as to periodically pull the magnetorheological fluid mass in the magnetorheological fluid cavity to the direction of the electromagnet;
the electromagnet comprises an iron core, an exciting coil and an outer ring magnetic conduction structure, wherein the iron core is arranged on the inner side of the exciting coil, the outer ring magnetic conduction structure is further arranged on the outer side of the exciting coil, the outer ring magnetic conduction structure forms an annular structure with a top view area larger than that of the magnetorheological fluid, and when the exciting coil of the electromagnet is electrified, the magnetic force of the outer ring magnetic conduction structure attracts the edge of the magnetorheological fluid so as to prevent the edge of the magnetorheological fluid from excessively sinking;
when the magnetorheological fluid mass in the magnetorheological fluid containing cavity is pulled to the direction of the electromagnet, the middle part of the magnetorheological fluid mass is concave and the edge of the magnetorheological fluid mass is tilted.
2. The gradient magnetic field driven magnetorheological fluid micropump of claim 1, wherein: the inlet valve and the outlet valve are conical.
3. The gradient magnetic field driven magnetorheological fluid micropump of claim 1, wherein: the working process of the magnetorheological fluid micro pump comprises the following steps of;
s1, no current is generated in an excitation coil (3), a pump body (4) is in a natural relaxation state, an inlet valve (5) and an outlet valve (2) are in a tight closing state, and an input pipeline (61), an output pipeline (62) and a pump cavity (63) are not communicated with each other;
s2, exciting current is introduced into the exciting coil (3), the electromagnet generates a gradient magnetic field B in the pump body (4) and pulls the magnetorheological fluid mass to approach the iron core (72) of the electromagnet at a speed v, and meanwhile, the pump body (4) is elastically deformed; the magnetorheological fluid mass has an extrusion effect on the liquid in the pump cavity in the process of approaching the iron core, at the moment, the outlet valve (2) is opened under the action of hydraulic pressure, the inlet valve (5) is kept in a closed state, and the liquid is led out of the pump body from the output pipeline (62);
s3, continuously introducing exciting current into the exciting coil (3), keeping the pump body (4) in a deformed state, closing the outlet valve (2), keeping the inlet valve (5) in a tightly closed state, and ensuring that the input pipeline (61), the output pipeline (62) and the pump cavity (63) are not communicated with each other;
s4, closing the current in the exciting coil (3), and pulling the magnetorheological fluid to return to the initial position under the action of the elastic force of the pump body (4), wherein the pump cavity (63) generates negative pressure to cause the inlet valve (5) to be opened and the outlet valve (2) to be kept closed, and pumping liquid flows into the inlet valve (5) through the input pipeline (61) and fills the whole pump cavity (63);
when the magnetorheological fluid micro pump works, pulse current is introduced into the exciting coil, and the four steps can be repeatedly executed to continuously convey fluid.
4. The gradient magnetic field driven magnetorheological fluid micropump of claim 1, wherein: the pump body is formed by silica gel materials.
CN202111369770.XA 2021-11-18 2021-11-18 Magnetorheological fluid micropump driven by gradient magnetic field Active CN114060255B (en)

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