CN114059498A

CN114059498A - Modular floating unit and floating breakwater

Info

Publication number: CN114059498A
Application number: CN202210047261.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 阳志文; 崔永刚; 潘文博
Original assignee: Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering MOT
Current assignee: Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering MOT
Priority date: 2022-01-17
Filing date: 2022-01-17
Publication date: 2022-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2042-01-17
Also published as: CN114059498B

Abstract

The application relates to the field of ocean water conservancy wave-prevention energy dissipation, in particular to a modularized floating unit, which comprises two or more floating boxes, wherein the floating boxes are mutually symmetrical and spliced and fixed, each floating box comprises a box body, a web plate and a rib plate, and floating pieces are filled in the box bodies; the box body comprises a bottom plate, a top plate, two side plates and a partition plate forming the end face of the box body, wherein the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates are hinged with each other, and the partition plate is hinged with the bottom plate, the top plate or the side plates; the upper end of the web plate is hinged with the bottom plate, the ribbed plate comprises a first ribbed plate and a second ribbed plate, the first ribbed plate is hinged with the bottom plate, the second ribbed plate is hinged with the web plate, the first ribbed plate and the second ribbed plate are hinged with each other, and the extension line of a hinge shaft is crossed with the hinge shaft of the web plate and the bottom plate; when the floating box is used, the web plates are perpendicular to the bottom plate, and the web plates on the two floating boxes are tightened and fixed through bolts. This application can be folded the flotation tank, shared space when reducing the transportation has reached the effect that promotes conveying efficiency.

Description

Modular floating unit and floating breakwater

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of ocean water conservancy breakwater energy dissipation, in particular to a modularized floating unit and a floating breakwater.

Background

Ocean engineering belongs to a part of hydraulic engineering, and as the development of ocean gradually goes from 'shallow blue' to 'deep blue', more and more ocean engineering gradually develops towards the large-scale deep water, and the wave prevention and energy dissipation of deep sea are important steps for ensuring the stability of the sea surface of the deep sea engineering. In the deep sea engineering, due to the depth of the sea, the traditional fixed breakwater used in the traditional shallow sea is difficult to be suitable, and the floating breakwater only intercepts surface waves without completely blocking the wave propagation and ground treatment, so that the building materials can be greatly saved, the construction period can be shortened, the construction cost can be saved, the influence on the hydrodynamic environment can be reduced, the pollution to the marine environment can be reduced, the wave-preventing requirements under the special conditions of larger water depth, soft ground, large tidal range and the like can be met, and the requirements of the deep sea can be perfectly adapted.

At present, the structure of the floating breakwater can refer to the invention patent with the authorization publication number of CN105756012B, and comprises a floating body structure and an anchoring system, wherein the floating body structure comprises a box body, a rib plate and a web plate, the web plate is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the web plate is arranged along the length direction of the box body and is vertical to the bottom surface of the box body, the rib plate is arranged between the box body and the web plate, and the box body can float on the sea surface. In the using process, the box body floats on the sea surface, and the anchoring system anchors the box body on the sea surface, so that the position of the floating unit on the sea surface cannot be changed greatly. When the waves come, the box body and the web plate can be used for blocking the waves to form wave reflection, so that the purpose of energy dissipation is achieved, and fluctuation of the sea surface on the inner side of the breakwater is reduced.

The technology has the disadvantages that the box body is of a hollow structure, and the web is perpendicular to the box body, so that the space occupied by the floating unit is large, when the floating breakwater is installed in a deep sea area, installation consumables need to be transported through a ship, the transportation distance of deep sea operation is large, and the hoisting and transportation costs are high.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that the transportation cost is high due to the fact that the floating unit occupies a large space, the application provides a modularized floating unit and a floating breakwater.

The application provides a modularized floating unit, adopts following technical scheme:

a modularized floating unit comprises two or more floating boxes, wherein the floating boxes are mutually symmetrical and fixedly spliced and comprise box bodies, webs and rib plates, and floating pieces are filled in the box bodies; the box body comprises a bottom plate, a top plate, two side plates and a partition plate forming the end face of the box body, wherein the bottom plate, the top plate and the two side plates are hinged with each other, and the partition plate is hinged with the bottom plate, the top plate or the side plates; the upper end of the web plate is hinged with the bottom plate, the ribbed plate comprises a first ribbed plate and a second ribbed plate, the first ribbed plate is hinged with the bottom plate, the second ribbed plate is hinged with the web plate, the first ribbed plate and the second ribbed plate are hinged with each other, and the extension line of a hinge shaft is crossed with the hinge shaft of the web plate and the bottom plate; when the floating box is used, the web plates are perpendicular to the bottom plate, and the web plates on the two floating boxes are tightened and fixed through bolts.

Preferably, the side plates comprise a first side plate and a second side plate which are identical in shape, the side edges of the first side plate and the second side plate are hinged with each other, and the hinge axis is parallel to the bottom plate.

Preferably, a breakwater is arranged above the top plate.

Preferably, the breakwater is hinged to the top plate, the hinged shaft is in the length direction of the box body, a supporting component is arranged between the breakwater and the top plate and comprises a telescopic supporting rod, a lock catch and a sliding block, a sliding groove is formed in one side face, close to the supporting component, of the breakwater, the sliding block is located in the sliding groove and is in sliding connection with the breakwater, one end of the telescopic supporting rod is hinged to the sliding block, and the other end of the telescopic supporting rod is hinged to the top plate.

The utility model provides a floating breakwater, includes floating unit and anchor system, anchor system includes anchor rope system and anchorage block, and anchor rope system is used for connecting anchorage block and floating unit.

Preferably, the anchor cable system comprises a main cable, an auxiliary cable and a movable locking clamp, one end of the main cable is fixedly connected with the anchor block body, the other end of the main cable is fixedly connected with the movable locking clamp, the auxiliary cable bypasses the movable locking clamp, the movable locking clamp can move along the auxiliary cable to change the position of the auxiliary cable, and two ends of the auxiliary cable are fixedly connected with the buoyancy tank.

Preferably, the activity collet includes the hollow sleeve pipe of curve type and two collet structures, and the collet structure sets up at hollow sheathed tube both ends, and the collet structure includes clamping piece and torsional spring, and the middle part of clamping piece articulates on the lateral wall in the hollow sleeve pipe outside, and the torsional spring cover is established on the articulated shaft of clamping piece and activity collet to the torsional spring can drive the clamping piece through elasticity and rotate and compress tightly the auxiliary rope.

Preferably, the lock clamp structure further comprises a rotating tongue, the rotating tongue is located on one side, close to the auxiliary cable, of the clamping piece, the rotating tongue is hinged to the clamping piece, and a abdicating groove capable of containing the auxiliary cable is formed in the circumferential surface, close to the auxiliary cable, of the rotating tongue.

Preferably, one side of the rotating tongue, which is far away from the hollow sleeve, is fixedly connected with a first pull wire, and one end of the first pull wire, which is far away from the rotating tongue, is connected with a first floating ball.

Preferably, a connecting member is disposed between adjacent floating units, the connecting member includes a cable and a buffer, two ends of the cable are fixedly connected to two adjacent floating units, the buffer is fixedly disposed on the floating units and the buffer is located between the floating units.

In summary, the present application has the following technical effects:

1. the structure of the buoyancy tank is designed to be foldable, so that the volume occupied by the buoyancy tank in the transportation process can be reduced, and the effect of reducing the transportation cost is achieved;

2. by arranging the breakwater above the box body, the energy of waves passing through the buoyancy tank can be further weakened by the breakwater, and the energy dissipation effect of the breakwater is improved;

3. through setting up the activity split collet into curved hollow sleeve pipe and split collet structure, after opening the split collet structure, can adjust the position of hollow sleeve pipe on the auxiliary rope to adjust the length and the tension of anchor rope system, after closing the split collet structure, can utilize the split collet structure to press from both sides the position of fixed auxiliary rope and hollow sleeve pipe.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a floating breakwater;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the connection of the buoyancy tank and the anchoring system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection structure of two tanks in the buoyancy tank;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the deployed state of the case;

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a box folding process;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the breakwater plate in a highlighted manner;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the anchoring system;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the movable latching clip highlighted;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the set lock and the rigger;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the protruding connection member.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a buoyancy tank; 11. a box body; 111. a base plate; 112. a top plate; 113. a side plate; 1131. a first side plate; 1132. a second side plate; 114. a partition plate; 12. a web; 13. a rib plate; 131. a first rib plate; 132. a second rib plate; 14. a breakwater; 141. a chute; 15. a support assembly; 151. a telescopic support rod; 152. locking; 153. a slider; 2. an anchor cable system; 21. a main rope; 22. a secondary cable; 23. a movable locking clip; 231. a hollow sleeve; 232. a clip; 233. a torsion spring; 234. rotating the tongue; 24. a cable collector; 25. a tensioner; 3. an anchor block; 4. a first pull wire; 41. a first floating ball; 6. a second pull wire; 61. a second floating ball; 5. a connecting member; 51. a cable; 52. a buffer member; 10. a floating unit.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows:

the main invention of the application is that the structure of the buoyancy tank 1 is a foldable structure, and the volume space occupied by the buoyancy tank 1 can be greatly reduced through a special folding mode, so that the transportation efficiency is improved, and the transportation cost is reduced.

As shown in fig. 1-6, the present application describes a modularized floating unit, the floating unit 10 includes two or more even number of floating boxes 1, the floating boxes 1 are symmetrical and attached to each other and fixed, the floating boxes 1 include a box 11, a web 12, a rib 13 and a breakwater 14 (see fig. 6), the web 12 and the rib 13 are located below the box 11, the breakwater 14 is located above the box 11, in use, the web 12 is disposed along the length direction of the box 11 and perpendicular to the lower surface of the box 11, the rib 13 is located between the box 11 and the web 12 and perpendicular to the lower surface of the box 11 and the web 12, and the breakwater 14 is disposed obliquely relative to the box 11, and the oblique direction is from top to bottom and from the inner side to the outer side of the floating box 1. When the quantity of flotation tank 1 is two, mainly fix flotation tank 1 through bolted connection two flotation tank 1's web 12 between flotation tank 1, when the quantity of flotation tank 1 is more than two to two flotation tanks 1 that connect through web 12 are the unit, connect through adopting the taut floor 13 of bolt between the flotation tank 1 of adjacent unit, guarantee the stability of unit 10 that floats. The rib plate 13 is mainly used for enhancing the connection strength between the web plate 12 and the box body 11 and reducing the possibility of deformation of the web plate 12, the box body 11 is filled with a floating piece, such as an inflatable air bag, and the floating piece can also be fixed with the inner side of the box body 11 through a chain and the like, so that the floating piece is ensured not to float out of the box body 11. When the floating unit 10 is used, the box body 11 floats on the sea surface, the web 12 and the rib plate 13 are located below the sea surface, waves are blocked by the box body 11, the web 12 and the wave blocking plate 14 after the waves pass through the floating box 1, so that wave reflection is generated, the waves impact with back waves to reduce the energy of the waves, the energy of the waves after passing through the floating unit 10 is reduced, particularly the wave blocking plate 14 can increase the reflection effect on the waves, reduce the transmission effect of the waves, namely reduce the amount of the waves passing through the box body 1, and further reduce the fluctuation of the sea surface on the inner side of the floating unit 10.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the case 11 includes a bottom plate 111, a top plate 112, two side plates 113, and a partition plate 114 constituting an end surface of the case 11. In order to facilitate the folding of the box 11, the bottom plate 111, the top plate 112 and the two side plates 113 are hinged to each other, the partition plate 114 is hinged to the bottom plate 111, the top plate 112 or the side plates 113, and the partition plate 114 is hinged to the bottom plate 111 in the embodiment shown in the figure. After the partition board 114 is turned outwards, the bottom board 111, the top board 112 and the two side boards 113 can be folded towards one side of the box body 11, and the width occupied by the folded box body 11 is the sum of the widths of the top board 112 and the side boards 113. In order to further reduce the occupied width of the folded box 11, the side plates 113 may be divided into a first side plate 1131 and a second side plate 1132 with the same shape, the side edges of the first side plate 1131 and the second side plate 1132 are hinged to each other, and the hinge shaft is parallel to the bottom plate 111, at this time, the side plates 113 are pushed inwards from the outer side of the side plates 113, so that the first side plate 1131 and the second side plate 1132 are folded towards the inner side of the box 11, along with the gradual leveling of the first side plate 1131 and the second side plate 1132, the top plate 112 gradually descends, the folding of the box 11 is completed, and the width of the folded box 11 is the same as the width of the top plate 112.

In the structure, the box body 11 is a non-sealing structure, the water in the outside can freely enter and exit the box body 11, and meanwhile, the box body 11, the web 12, the rib plates 13 and the breakwater plates 14 can be made of light, high-strength, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant composite materials, such as grid plates made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the webs 12 and ribs 13 may also be folded to reduce the space occupied by the pontoon 1. For this, the upper end of the web 12 is hinged to the lower surface of the base plate 111, the rib 13 is divided into a first rib 131 and a second rib 132, the first rib 131 is hinged to the lower surface of the base plate 111, the second rib 132 is hinged to the web 12, the first rib 131 and the second rib 132 are hinged to each other at the side where they are spliced together, and the extension line of the hinge axis crosses the hinge axis of the web 12 and the base plate 111. The ribs 13 are generally arranged as isosceles triangles with the axes of articulation of the first and

second ribs

131, 132 being the median of the right-angled sides. When the folding is performed, the first rib 131 and the second rib 132 are folded from the outside to the inside, and then the web 12 is rotated with respect to the base 111 toward the rib 13, thereby completing the folding. In the installation process, the web 12 is rotated to be perpendicular to the bottom plate 111, then the two buoyancy tanks 1 are spliced, so that the partition plates 114 of the two tanks 11 are attached to each other, the web 12 is close to each other, the rib plates 13 are located on one sides, far away from the web 12 in the other buoyancy tank 1, of the web 12, at the moment, the screws are used for penetrating through the web plates 12 of the two buoyancy tanks, and then the screws are tensioned, so that the stability of the web plates 12 can be ensured, and the stability of the rib plates 13 is ensured. The structural design of the web 12 and the rib 13 can realize quick installation and ensure the structural stability between the web 12 and the rib 13 and the box body 11 when the folding is finished.

Similarly, as shown in fig. 6, the breakwater 14 is also preferably provided in a foldable structure, for this purpose, the breakwater 14 is hinged to the top plate 112 and the hinge axis is the length direction of the box 11, the support assembly 15 is provided between the breakwater 14 and the top plate 112, the support assembly 15 includes a telescopic support rod 151, a lock 152 and a slide block 153, a slide slot 141 is provided on one side surface of the breakwater 14 close to the support assembly 15, the slide block 153 is located in the slide slot 141 and slidably connected to the breakwater 14, one end of the telescopic support rod 151 is hinged to the slide block 153, and the other end is hinged to the top plate 112. The locking device 152 is generally a locking bolt, and when the breakwater 14 is folded or the inclination angle of the breakwater 14 is adjusted, the locking device 152 is unlocked, the length of the telescopic supporting rod 151 is adjusted, during the adjustment, the sliding block 153 slides in the sliding groove 141, the breakwater 14 is adjusted to a proper angle, and then the telescopic supporting rod 151 is locked by the locking bolt.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the folding process of the buoyancy tank 1 is as follows: the side plates 113 are pushed inwards from the outer sides of the side plates 113, so that the first side plate 1131 and the second side plate 1132 are folded towards the inner side of the box body 11, the top plate 112 gradually descends along with the gradual leveling of the first side plate 1131 and the second side plate 1132, the folding of the box body 1 is completed, and the width of the folded box body 11 is the same as the width of the top plate 112; folding the first and

second ribs

131, 132 from the outside inward, and then rotating the web 12 relative to the base 111 in the direction of the rib 13, to complete the folding of the web 12 and rib 13; unlocking the lock 152, adjusting the length of the telescopic support rod 151, and turning the breakwater 14 towards the top plate 112 to complete the folding of the breakwater 14. Therefore, the volume occupied by the buoyancy tank 1 is reduced, and the transportation efficiency is improved.

As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the installation process of the buoyancy tank 1 is as follows: according to the reverse operation of the folding process, the box bodies 11, the webs 12, the rib plates 13 and the breakwaters 14 are unfolded, then the two buoyancy tanks 1 are spliced, so that the partition plates 114 of the two box bodies 11 are attached to each other, the webs 12 are close to each other, the rib plates 13 are positioned on one sides of the webs 12 far away from the webs 12 in the other buoyancy tank 1, at the moment, screws penetrate through the webs 12 of the two buoyancy tanks 1, and then the screws are tightened; then, the floating member is placed in the case 11, and the inner space of the case 11 is filled with the floating member, thereby ensuring the structural stability and floating state of the case 11.

Example two:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present application also introduces a floating breakwater, which comprises a plurality of floating units 10 and anchoring systems, wherein the floating units 10 are as described in the first embodiment, the anchoring systems comprise anchor cable systems 2 and anchor block bodies 3, and the anchor cable systems 2 are used for connecting the floating units 10 and the anchor block bodies 3. The anchor block 3 is an anchor body with high density and mass, can be a gravity anchor or a rocket anchor, and is mainly used for sinking into the water bottom to ensure that the position of the floating unit 10 on the sea surface cannot be changed greatly.

As shown in fig. 7, the anchor cable system 2 includes a main cable 21, an auxiliary cable 22 and a movable locking clamp 23, one end of the main cable 21 is fixedly connected to the anchor block 3, the other end of the main cable is fixedly connected to the movable locking clamp 23, the auxiliary cable 22 bypasses the movable locking clamp 23, the movable locking clamp 23 can move along the auxiliary cable 22 to change the position on the auxiliary cable 22, and both ends of the auxiliary cable 22 are fixedly connected to the buoyancy tank 1.

The change of the position of the movable locking clip 23 on the auxiliary cable 22 can change the total length of the anchor cable system 2 and the tension of the anchor cable system 2, and the structural form of the movable locking clip 23 is various, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the movable locking clip 23 includes a curved hollow sleeve 231 and two locking clip structures, the inner side pipe walls at the positions of the two ends of the hollow sleeve 231 exceed the pipe walls of the outer sides of the hollow sleeve 231, and the locking clip structures are arranged at the two ends of the hollow sleeve 231 and are located on the outer side wall of the hollow sleeve 231. At this time, the locking clip structure and the inner side wall at the end of the hollow sleeve 231 can be used for clamping the auxiliary rope 22, so as to clamp the auxiliary rope 22 and ensure that the movable locking clip 23 is in a stable state at the position of the auxiliary rope 22.

As shown in fig. 8, the locking clip structure includes a clip 232 and a torsion spring 233, the middle portion of the clip 232 is hinged to the side wall of the outer side of the hollow sleeve 231, the torsion spring 233 is sleeved on the hinged shaft of the clip 232 and the movable locking clip 23, and the torsion spring 233 can drive the clip 232 to rotate by elasticity to press the auxiliary rope 22, and the portion of the clip 232 in contact with the auxiliary rope 22 can be provided with a claw to increase the friction force between the clip 232 and the auxiliary rope 22.

As shown in fig. 8, a rotating tongue 234 may be provided on one side of the clamping piece 232 close to the auxiliary cable 22, the rotating tongue 234 is hinged to the clamping piece 232, and an abdicating groove capable of accommodating the auxiliary cable 22 is formed on a circumferential surface of the rotating tongue 234 close to the auxiliary cable 22. In a non-clamping state, the rotating tongue 234 is positioned between the clamping piece 232 and the inner side wall of the end part of the hollow sleeve 231, the auxiliary cable 22 is accommodated in the inner side wall and the abdicating groove of the hollow sleeve 231, at this time, the auxiliary cable 22 can freely move with the hollow sleeve 231 to change the position of the hollow sleeve 231 on the auxiliary cable 22, then the rotating tongue 234 is rotated to move the rotating tongue 234 out of the position between the clamping piece 232 and the hollow sleeve 231, at this time, under the driving of the torsion spring 233, the clamping piece 232 is in contact with and presses the auxiliary cable 22, and the locking of the movable locking clamp 23 and the position of the auxiliary cable 22 is completed.

As shown in fig. 7, in order to facilitate displaying of the approximate positions of the movable locking clip 23 and the anchor block 3, a first pull wire 4, a first floating ball 41, a second pull wire 6, and a second floating ball 61 may be provided, where the upper end of the first pull wire 4 is connected to the first floating ball 41, the lower end is bifurcated into two sections, the two sections of the pull wires at the lower end of the first pull wire 4 are respectively connected to the outer sides of the two rotating tongues 234, the upper end of the second pull wire 6 is connected to the second floating ball 61, and the lower end is connected to the anchor block 3. After the anchor cable system 2 has been arranged, if the position of the movable locking clip 23 on the auxiliary cable 22 is desired to be adjusted to adjust the anchor cable length and tension, the position of the movable locking clip 23 on the auxiliary cable 22 can be adjusted underwater, and then the first pull wire 4 is pulled, so that the rotating tongue 234 can be pulled, which is convenient and fast and is convenient for underwater operation.

As shown in fig. 7, the connection position of the auxiliary rope 22 on the buoyancy tank 1 can be in various manners, in this embodiment, the lower end of the auxiliary rope 22 is connected with the relatively stable web 12, the upper end of the auxiliary rope 22 is connected with the top plate 112 of the tank 1, wherein the top plate 112 is provided with a rope collector 24 and a rope tightener 25, as shown in fig. 9, the rope collector 24 is a winding drum, the auxiliary rope 22 is wound on the rope collector 24, the rope tightener 25 is a reduction gear box, the output end of the rope tightener 25 is engaged with the rotating shaft of the rope collector 24 through a gear, and the rope collector 24 can be easily driven to rotate by rotating a hand wheel on the input end of the rope tightener 25, so as to realize the retraction of the auxiliary rope 22.

As shown in fig. 1 and 10, a connecting member 5 is further disposed between adjacent floating units 10 to connect the adjacent floating units 10 to form a continuous floating body structure. The connecting member 5 includes a cable 51 and a buffer member 52, both ends of the cable 51 are fixedly connected to two adjacent floating units 10, the buffer member 52 is fixedly disposed on the floating units 10 and the buffer member 52 is located between the floating units 10, and the buffer member 52 is generally a waste tire or a rubber air bag.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A modularized floating unit is characterized in that a floating unit (10) comprises two or more than two floating boxes (1) in even number, the floating boxes (1) are mutually symmetrical and spliced and fixed, each floating box (1) comprises a box body (11), a web plate (12) and a rib plate (13), and a floating piece is filled in each box body (11); the box body (11) comprises a bottom plate (111), a top plate (112), two side plates (113) and a partition plate (114) forming the end face of the box body (11), wherein the bottom plate (111), the top plate (112) and the two side plates (113) are hinged with each other, and the partition plate (114) is hinged with the bottom plate (111), the top plate (112) or the side plates (113); the upper end of the web plate (12) is hinged with the bottom plate (111), the rib plate (13) comprises a first rib plate (131) and a second rib plate (132), the first rib plate (131) is hinged with the bottom plate (111), the second rib plate (132) is hinged with the web plate (12), the first rib plate (131) and the second rib plate (132) are hinged with each other, and the extension line of the hinged shaft is crossed with the hinged shaft of the web plate (12) and the bottom plate (111); when in use, the webs (12) are perpendicular to the bottom plate (111), and the webs (12) on the two buoyancy tanks (1) are tightened and fixed through bolts.

2. The modular floating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the side plates (113) comprise a first side plate (1131) and a second side plate (1132) with the same shape, the sides of the first side plate (1131) and the second side plate (1132) being hinged to each other and the hinging axis being parallel to the bottom plate (111).

3. The modular floating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a breakwater (14) is provided above the top plate (112).

4. The modular floating unit according to claim 3, wherein the breakwater (14) is hinged to the top plate (112) and the hinge axis is the length direction of the box body (11), a support assembly (15) is arranged between the breakwater (14) and the top plate (112), the support assembly (15) comprises a telescopic support rod (151), a lock catch (152) and a slide block (153), a sliding slot (141) is formed in one side surface of the breakwater (14) close to the support assembly (15), the slide block (153) is located in the sliding slot (141) and is in sliding connection with the breakwater (14), one end of the telescopic support rod (151) is hinged to the slide block (153), and the other end of the telescopic support rod is hinged to the top plate (112).

5. A floating breakwater, characterized in that it comprises a floating unit according to any of claims 1-4 and an anchoring system comprising anchor line systems (2) and anchor blocks (3), the anchor line systems (2) being used to connect the anchor blocks (3) and the floating unit.

6. The floating breakwater according to claim 5, wherein the anchor cable system (2) comprises a main cable (21), an auxiliary cable (22) and a movable locking clip (23), one end of the main cable (21) is fixedly connected with the anchor block (3), the other end of the main cable is fixedly connected with the movable locking clip (23), the auxiliary cable (22) bypasses the movable locking clip (23), the movable locking clip (23) can move along the auxiliary cable (22) to change the position on the auxiliary cable (22), and both ends of the auxiliary cable (22) are fixedly connected with the buoyancy tank (1).

7. The floating breakwater of claim 6, wherein the movable locking clip (23) comprises a curved hollow sleeve (231) and two locking clip structures, the locking clip structures are arranged at two ends of the hollow sleeve (231), each locking clip structure comprises a clamping piece (232) and a torsion spring (233), the middle part of each clamping piece (232) is hinged to the side wall of the outer side of the hollow sleeve (231), the torsion spring (233) is sleeved on the hinged shaft of each clamping piece (232) and the movable locking clip (23), and the torsion spring (233) can drive the clamping pieces (232) to rotate through elasticity to press the auxiliary rope (22).

8. The floating breakwater of claim 7, wherein the locking clip structure further comprises a rotating tongue (234), the rotating tongue (234) is positioned on one side of the clamping piece (232) close to the auxiliary rope (22), the rotating tongue (234) is hinged with the clamping piece (232), and an abdicating groove capable of accommodating the auxiliary rope (22) is formed in the peripheral surface of the rotating tongue (234) close to the auxiliary rope (22).

9. The floating breakwater according to claim 8, wherein a first pull wire (4) is fixedly connected to one side of the rotating tongue (234) far away from the hollow sleeve (231), and a first floating ball (41) is connected to one end of the first pull wire (4) far away from the rotating tongue (234).

10. The floating breakwater according to claim 5, wherein the floating units (10) comprise a plurality of groups, a connecting member (5) is disposed between adjacent floating units (10), the connecting member (5) comprises a cable (51) and a buffer (52), both ends of the cable (51) are fixedly connected to two adjacent floating units (10), the buffer (52) is fixedly disposed on the floating units (10) and the buffer (52) is located between the floating units (10).