Background
During the production of chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene by catalytic chlorination of benzene, polychlorinated chlorobenzene byproducts are inevitably generated, wherein trichlorobenzene, tetrachlorobenzene and the like are included, 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene in the polychlorinated benzene has multiple purposes after purification, and the polychlorinated benzene with other structures has small use and small market demand.
Therefore, the polychlorinated benzene is accumulated more and more in production, not only pollutes the environment, but also occupies the field, and becomes a great burden for the production of chlorobenzene industry.
The current method for treating waste containing chlorine and hydrocarbon is incineration method, which generates a large amount of hydrogen chloride to cause air pollution and generates new harmful substances when the combustion is incomplete.
Therefore, the comprehensive treatment method of polychlorinated benzene is continuously researched and explored.
The polychlorinated benzene can be subjected to hydrogenolysis dechlorination under the action of a hydrogenation catalyst to generate low-chlorine aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene or cyclohexane. That is, the mixed polychlorinated benzene can be chemically treated to obtain a product with use value.
The catalytic hydrodechlorination of polychlorinated benzene published in environmental protection of chemical industry by Liuguang Yong, Guo Hongyu and Liu Xiu Feng is carried out by using Al3O2The experiment result of the catalyst which is a carrier and Pt as an active component and is used for performing the hydrogenation dechlorination reaction of the polychlorinated benzene on a micro-reaction chromatographic device shows that the catalyst is suitable for the dechlorination of the polychlorinated benzene, and the liquid airspeed is 2-3 at the temperature of 300-350 ℃ and the liquid airspeed-1h. Pressure 0.8M Pa, hydrogen molar ratio 2: 1-3: 1, the dechlorination rate of the polychlorobenzene is 50%, the conversion rate is 80%, and the yield of chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene is more than 40%.
Traditional polychlorinated benzene catalytic hydrogenation is carried out in a kettle type reactor, an acid binding agent needs to be added, a large amount of salt-containing wastewater can be produced in the reaction, in addition, the kettle type reactor is slow in mass and heat transfer, the reaction temperature and the concentration are not uniform, the catalyst needs to be filtered and separated, the loss is large, the yield is low, the quality stability of batch products is poor, and the reaction process is difficult to accurately control.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: based on the fact that products of benzene, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene after traditional hydrodechlorination are required to be separated, the invention develops a more efficient catalytic hydrodechlorination production method, and the polychlorinated benzene is subjected to catalytic hydrodechlorination to directly generate benzene and hydrogen chloride, so that the benzene generated after the polychlorinated benzene is subjected to hydrodechlorination can be reused in chlorobenzene production, and benzene consumption in chlorobenzene production is reduced.
The method takes methylbenzene as a solvent, 5% palladium carbon as a catalyst and a fixed bed as a reactor, the mixed polychlorinated benzene is subjected to hydrogenation catalytic dechlorination to generate benzene and hydrogen chloride, a product and a hydrogen mixture are subjected to gas-liquid separation, gas is dehydrated and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas, and the product after the mixed polychlorinated benzene is subjected to catalytic hydrogenation dechlorination is benzene and hydrogen chloride.
The invention content is as follows: the method comprises the steps of taking methylbenzene as a solvent, taking 0.5% palladium carbon as a catalyst, taking a fixed bed as a reactor, and carrying out hydrogenation catalytic dechlorination on mixed polychlorinated benzene to generate benzene and hydrogen chloride. Cooling the other parts after hydrodechlorination to separate toluene and benzene, and washing the gas phase to remove hydrogen chloride gas.
Toluene is used as a solvent, and 0.5% palladium carbon is used as a catalyst.
The molar ratio of the hydrogen to the liquid phase raw material is 6: 1-10: 1.
The addition amount of the toluene is 15-20% of the weight of the polychlorobenzene.
The temperature of the catalyst bed layer of the fixed bed hydrogenation reactor is 230-280 ℃.
The pressure of the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is 0.2 Mpa-0.6 Mpa.
The feeding airspeed of the liquid-phase material is 0.3h-1~0.6h-1。
The 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst has a particle size of 20-40 mesh.
Advantageous effects
The invention realizes the catalytic hydrogenation dechlorination of the mixed polychlorinated benzene by changing a catalyst system and a reactor and optimizing process conditions, the conversion rate of the polychlorinated benzene is 100 percent, the products are benzene and hydrogen chloride, and the recycling of the polychlorinated benzene in the production process of the chlorobenzene is realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
A fixed bed reactor, a 40-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and a mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are uniformly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 15 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.3h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 6:1, the temperature of catalyst bed layer is 230 deg.C, pressure is 0.2Mpa, cooling gas-liquid separation is carried out on product and hydrogen mixture to obtain mixture of benzene and tolueneAnd removing water from the gas, eluting and removing hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 2
A fixed bed reactor, a 20-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are uniformly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 15 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.5h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 10:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 280 deg.C, pressure is 0.8Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and gas-liquid separated to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dewatered and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 3
A fixed bed reactor, a 40-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and a mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are uniformly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 20 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.4h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 8:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 260 deg.C, pressure is 0.6Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and gas-liquid separated to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dewatered and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 4
A fixed bed reactor, a 30-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and a mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are evenly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 20 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.6h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 10:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 270 deg.C, pressure is 0.6Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and gas-liquid separated to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dewatered and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 5
Fixed bed reactorThe loading of a 30-mesh 0.5% palladium-carbon catalyst is 10mL, and the mixed chlorobenzene comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are uniformly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 15 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.4h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 9:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 260 deg.C, pressure is 0.6Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and gas-liquid separated to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dewatered and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 6
A fixed bed reactor, a 40-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and a mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are evenly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 18 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.3h-1The mol ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 7:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 265 deg.C, pressure is 0.5Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and gas-liquid separated to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dewatered and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 7
A fixed bed reactor, a 40-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and a mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are uniformly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 18 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.4h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 7:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 275 deg.C, pressure is 0.6Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and gas-liquid separated to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dewatered and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 8
A fixed bed reactor, a 40-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and a mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are mixed evenly, whereinToluene accounts for 20 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.3h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 10:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 280 deg.C, pressure is 0.2Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and gas-liquid separated to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dewatered and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 9
A fixed bed reactor, a 20-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are uniformly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 20 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.3h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 10:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 230 deg.C, pressure is 0.6Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and gas-liquid separated to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dewatered and eluted to remove hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.
Example 10
A fixed bed reactor, a 30-mesh 0.5% palladium carbon catalyst loading of 10mL, and a mixed chlorobenzene composition (weight percent): 52 percent of 1,2, 3-trichlorobenzene, 15 percent of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene, 33 percent of 1,2,3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene, and toluene and polychlorobenzene are uniformly mixed, wherein the toluene accounts for 20 percent (weight percentage), and the feeding airspeed is controlled to be 0.4h-1The molar ratio of hydrogen to liquid phase raw material is 7:1, the temperature of catalyst bed is 240 ℃, the pressure is 0.3Mpa, the mixture of product and hydrogen is cooled and separated by gas-liquid to obtain the mixture of benzene and toluene, and the gas is dehydrated and eluted to remove the hydrogen chloride gas. Sampling analysis and calculation show that the conversion rate of the polychlorobenzene is 100 percent.