CN114055604B - Vacuum pugging machine and pugging method - Google Patents

Vacuum pugging machine and pugging method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114055604B
CN114055604B CN202111432379.XA CN202111432379A CN114055604B CN 114055604 B CN114055604 B CN 114055604B CN 202111432379 A CN202111432379 A CN 202111432379A CN 114055604 B CN114055604 B CN 114055604B
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vacuum
screen
vacuumizing
chamber
pressure head
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CN114055604A (en
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田浩冉
李世鹏
贾留宽
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Luoyang Mingli Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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Luoyang Mingli Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/206—Forcing the material through screens or slots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/24—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by reciprocating plunger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
    • B28C1/10—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants
    • B28C1/14—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom
    • B28C1/16—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom for homogenising, e.g. by mixing, kneading ; forcing through slots
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a vacuum pugging machine which comprises a frame, a three-way cavity, an extrusion mechanism and a vacuumizing mechanism, wherein the three-way cavity, the extrusion mechanism and the vacuumizing mechanism are arranged on the frame; the extrusion mechanism comprises two pressure heads, wherein the first pressure head reciprocates in a vertical cavity above the screen, and the second pressure head reciprocates in a horizontal cavity; the vacuumizing mechanism comprises two vacuumizing holes which are respectively connected with two vacuum pumps through a vacuumizing pipe, the first vacuumizing hole is formed in a wall body of a vertical cavity above the screen, the second vacuumizing hole is formed in a wall body of a vertical cavity below the screen and is completely covered by a shielding body, and a gap exists between the second vacuumizing hole and the shielding body. The pugging machine replaces the traditional screw shearing force with hydraulic pressure, the acting force on pug is greatly improved, and the pugging efficiency and the drainage degassing effect are obviously improved.

Description

Vacuum pugging machine and pugging method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic molding, and particularly relates to a vacuum pugging machine and a pugging method.
Background
The pugging is used as an intermediate link in the ceramic preparation process and is widely applied to various ceramic forming processes. The ceramic pug is mainly prepared by mixing powder, water and a binder, and generally has the problems of uneven mixing and certain directivity. In addition, the pug also contains a certain air hole, so that the pug needs to be further treated, and the uniformity and the compactness of the pug are improved.
At present, a vacuum pugging mode is generally adopted to improve pugging performance. The existing vacuum pug mill is mostly a horizontal screw type, and pugs are crushed, kneaded and mixed in the pug mill and then pushed into the conical sleeve through the action of the screw. Because the flow area of the conical sleeve is gradually reduced, the pug is extruded by the spiral structure and plays a role in sealing the vacuum chamber. When the mud is pushed into the vacuum chamber, the mud is cut into mud strips or mud sheets and falls to the bottom of the vacuum chamber by self weight, and the mud is pushed to the extrusion spiral structure at the front end by the action of the discontinuous spiral knife or the continuous spiral blade at the moment, so that the mud gradually fills the machine body along the axial direction. Finally, the mud is forced to be extruded towards the machine head by the extrusion screw, and then is extruded through a machine nozzle or a die.
The device is limited by a structural form, the acting force of the screw pug mill on pugs is mainly discontinuous shearing force, and the acting force arm of the screw acting force is long, so that the acting force is greatly limited, the pugs still have higher moisture after pugging, the higher the moisture of the pugs, the larger the sintering shrinkage of the pugs, and the ceramic products are easy to deform. Meanwhile, at present, the pug is only deaerated in a vacuum chamber of a pugging machine, crushing, kneading and mixing processes are all carried out in a non-vacuum state, and new air holes are introduced in the pugging process for many times, so that the pug still has certain air holes after pugging, the density of ceramic products can be influenced due to high porosity, and large air holes can also produce defects to cause the products to be scrapped. Therefore, how to obtain a mud with less water and lower porosity is important for the preparation of ceramic products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing screw type pugging machine, the invention aims to provide a vacuum pugging machine with a novel structure and a method for pugging by adopting the vacuum pugging machine.
The aim of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The invention provides a vacuum pugging machine, which comprises a frame 1, a three-way chamber 2, an extrusion mechanism and a vacuumizing mechanism, wherein the three-way chamber 2, the extrusion mechanism and the vacuumizing mechanism are arranged on the frame, the three-way chamber is provided with a horizontal chamber 201 and a vertical chamber 202 which are mutually communicated, and a screen 301 and a shielding body 303 protruding out of the screen are arranged in the vertical chamber; the extrusion mechanism comprises two pressure heads which are respectively connected with the corresponding extrusion drivers, wherein the first pressure head reciprocates in a vertical cavity above the screen plate for extruding mud materials, and the second pressure head reciprocates in a horizontal cavity for extruding strip mud materials after passing through the screen; the vacuumizing mechanism comprises two vacuumizing holes which are respectively connected with the two vacuum pumps through a vacuumizing pipe, wherein the first vacuumizing hole is formed in a wall body of the vertical cavity above the screen and is used for vacuumizing after the pug is added but before extrusion, the second vacuumizing hole is formed in a wall body of the vertical cavity below the screen and is used for vacuumizing in the pug extrusion process, and the second vacuumizing hole is completely covered by the shielding body 303 and a gap exists between the two vacuumizing holes.
According to the vacuum pug mill provided by the invention, the pug is extruded and sieved through the first pressure head, the sieved pug is in a thin strip shape, air holes and redundant moisture in the thin strip can be rapidly separated from the pug under the vacuum condition and are pumped out through the first air suction holes by the vacuum pump, and then the strip-shaped pug is extruded again through the second pressure head, so that the air holes and the moisture are further eliminated. In addition, the device can be used for repeated pugging, so that the porosity and the moisture of pugs are further reduced.
Further, the vertical chamber comprises a transition chamber 2021 which is mutually communicated with the horizontal chamber 201, a charging barrel 4 which is positioned above the transition chamber and connected with the transition chamber, and a screen 301 which is arranged between the transition chamber and the charging barrel, wherein a first air extraction hole is formed in the wall body of the charging barrel, a second air extraction hole is formed in the wall body of the transition chamber, and a shielding body is arranged in the transition chamber. By the mode, different types of charging barrels and screens with different apertures can be replaced according to production requirements.
Further, the vacuum pugging machine further comprises a supporting seat 5 fixedly arranged on the frame, a step hole penetrating through the supporting seat body is formed in the supporting seat, and the outer edge of the screen 301 and the step hole form a stop position; the top surface of the supporting seat is connected with the charging barrel 4 in a sealing way; the bottom surface of the support seat is sealingly connected to the transition chamber 2021. By means of the mode, the pressure born by the feed cylinder and the screen during mud extrusion can be transferred to the supporting seat, and stability of the extrusion process is guaranteed.
Further, the frame includes horizontal support frame 101 and door type support frame 102, and three-way cavity, the extrusion driver that is connected with the second pressure head set firmly respectively on horizontal support frame, and the extrusion driver that is connected with first pressure head 6012 sets firmly on the crossbeam of door type support frame, and the supporting seat sets firmly on two stands of door type support frame.
Further, the frame includes a transverse supporting frame 101 and a door-shaped supporting frame 102, the three-way chamber and the extrusion driver connected with the second pressure head are respectively and fixedly arranged on the transverse supporting frame, and the extrusion driver connected with the first pressure head 6012 is fixedly arranged on the cross beam of the door-shaped supporting frame.
Further, a sleeve 801 is provided on the housing of the squeeze driver connected to the first squeeze head, and the lower end of the scale bar 802 is connected to the first squeeze head 6012 after passing through the sleeve. By means of the mode, when the first pressure head moves downwards, the distance of the first pressure head moving downwards can be accurately calculated through observing scales indicated by the upper end face of the sleeve in different positions.
Further, the mesh holes on the screen 301 are conical holes, and the large ends of the conical holes are arranged on the upper side, so that air holes and moisture in the pug are effectively extruded.
Further, the non-discharge port of the horizontal chamber 201 is set in a sealed state, and the second ram is placed in the horizontal chamber, thereby ensuring the vacuum degree during the extrusion process.
The aim of the invention is also achieved by adopting the following technical scheme. The method for carrying out pugging by adopting the vacuum pugging machine provided by the invention comprises the following steps of:
(1) Placing the aged pug into a vertical cavity above the sieve plate, wherein the highest loading position is lower than the first air pumping hole;
(2) The second pressure head is arranged in the horizontal cavity after vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall in the circumferential direction, the first pressure head is downwards moved to a vertical cavity above the screen plate after vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall in the circumferential direction, the position of the first pressure head is higher than that of the first air suction hole, a sealing plate is used for sealing a discharge hole of the horizontal cavity, then a vacuum pump is started, vacuum pumping is carried out through the first air suction hole, the vacuum pump is closed after the vacuum degree in the three-way cavity reaches a preset value, and the other vacuum pump is started, so that the three-way cavity is always in a vacuum state through the second air suction hole;
(3) The first pressure head continuously moves downwards, the pugs positioned in the vertical cavity above the screen plate are extruded and screened, and the screened strip pugs fall into the horizontal cavity below;
(4) The second pressure head moves along the horizontal direction, the strip pug falling into the horizontal cavity is extruded for the second time, and the columnar block obtained by extrusion is extruded from the discharge port after pushing up the sealing plate at the discharge port.
The pugging machine and the pugging method provided by the invention replace the traditional screw shearing force by hydraulic pressure, so that the acting force applied to pugs is greatly improved, and the pugging efficiency and the drainage and degassing effects are obviously improved. On the one hand, the acting force is greatly improved, a sieve plate with a finer diameter (the aperture of the sieve plate is 3-6 mm) can be used, so that the air hole is closer to the surface of the pug, and the stripping is easier and quicker. After the pug is subjected to vacuum sieving, the porosity and the moisture in the fine-strip pug are greatly reduced, the fine-strip pug is extruded into a required cylindrical block body in a vacuum state, the porosity and the moisture of the pug block body are also in a lower state, and the extruded pug block body basically has no air holes after pugging for many times. In addition, the whole process of pugging is in a vacuum state, so that new air holes are prevented from being introduced in the process of pugging for many times, and the exhaust effect is further ensured; on the other hand, the applicability of the pug mill is stronger due to the increase of the acting force. The traditional screw pug mill has limited extrusion force, so that the pug is required to be softer, namely the moisture in the pug is higher, the solid phase content of the ceramic green body formed after pugging is lower, the sintering shrinkage is larger, and the process control is not facilitated. The invention has lower requirement on the pug, and the excess moisture of the pug with high moisture can be pumped out by the vacuum pump after pugging for many times, and the moisture of the pug is basically unchanged after being reduced to a fixed value. The solid phase content of the ceramic body prepared after the pugging is obviously improved, and the sintering shrinkage is smaller.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vacuum pug mill according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the vertical chamber of the three-way chamber of fig. 1 with the screen and the cartridge in place.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view at a in fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship among the screen, the annular cylinder, and the shielding member in FIG. 2.
[ reference numerals ]
The device comprises a frame 1, a transverse supporting frame 101, a door-shaped supporting frame 102, a three-way chamber 2, a horizontal chamber 201, a discharge hole 2011, a vertical chamber 202, a transitional chamber 2021, a screen 301, an annular cylinder 302, a shielding body 303, a charging cylinder 4, a supporting seat 5, a first hydraulic cylinder 6011, a first pressure head 6012, a second hydraulic cylinder 602, a first exhaust pipe 701, a second exhaust pipe 702, a sleeve 801 and a scale rod 802.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments.
The invention relates to a vacuum pugging machine, which comprises a frame, and a three-way chamber, an extrusion mechanism and a vacuumizing mechanism which are arranged on the frame, wherein the three-way chamber is provided with a horizontal chamber and a vertical chamber which are mutually communicated, and a screen is arranged in the vertical chamber; the extrusion mechanism comprises two pressure heads, wherein the first pressure head reciprocates in a vertical cavity above the screen for extruding mud materials, and the second pressure head reciprocates in a horizontal cavity for extruding strip mud materials passing through the screen; the vacuumizing mechanism comprises two vacuumizing holes which are respectively connected with the two vacuum pumps through a vacuumizing pipe, wherein the first vacuumizing hole is formed in a wall body of the vertical cavity above the screen and is used for vacuumizing after the pug is added but before extrusion, and the second vacuumizing hole is formed in a wall body of the vertical cavity below the screen and is used for vacuumizing in the pug extrusion process.
Referring to FIG. 1, a vacuum pug mill according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. The embodiment comprises a frame 1, wherein the frame is provided with a transverse supporting frame 101 and a door-shaped supporting frame 102; the three-way chamber 2 is arranged on the transverse supporting frame 101 and is provided with a horizontal chamber 201 and a vertical chamber 202 which are mutually communicated.
Referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, the vertical chamber of the three-way chamber adopts a split structure, including a feeding chamber (defined as "barrel 4") above the screen 301 and a transition chamber 2021 below the screen 301, the screen is disposed at the upper end of the transition chamber through a step, the lower end of the barrel 4 is connected with the transition chamber 2021 through the cooperation of a flange and a bolt, and simultaneously compresses the outer edge of the screen, so one of the benefits of the design is that: the sieve plates with different sieve meshes and the charging barrels with different diameters can be replaced according to actual production requirements, and the second advantage is that: the sieve plate or the charging barrel can be independently replaced when faults occur, so that the production cost is reduced. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the cartridge and the transition chamber may be provided as a unitary structure, where the screen may be positioned within the vertical chamber by a step.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, in this embodiment, an annular cylinder 302 with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the transition chamber is protruding along the axial direction at the outer edge of the screen 301, and the annular cylinder 302 has a shielding body 303 protruding along the axial direction, when assembled, the annular cylinder 302 is inserted into the transition chamber until the outer edge of the screen forms a blocking position with the step at the upper end of the transition chamber, and because the outer diameter of the annular cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the transition chamber, a gap (as shown in fig. 3) exists between the shielding body and a second air suction hole arranged on the wall of the transition chamber, and the gap is used as a channel for the vacuum pump to suck air holes and moisture in the strip pug, and meanwhile, the shielding body 303 completely covers the second air suction hole (as shown in fig. 3), so that the strip pug passing through the screen is prevented from being directly sucked away by mistake when in the extrusion process under the premise that the air holes and moisture in the strip pug are ensured to be sucked by the vacuum pump. The annular cylinder serves to increase the compressive strength of the screen, but in other embodiments of the invention, it is allowed to retain only the shielding body 303 protruding axially from the screen and serving to cover the second suction opening.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 2, to ensure stability during the extrusion process of the pug, the embodiment further includes a support seat 5 fixedly connected between two upright posts of the gate-type bracket, wherein the support seat is provided with a step hole penetrating through the main body of the support seat, and the step hole is used for positioning the outer edge of the screen; the top surface of the supporting seat is provided with a flange seat surrounding the step hole, and the charging barrel 4 is connected with the supporting seat 5 through the cooperation of a flange and bolts; the bottom surface of supporting seat is connected with transition cavity 2021 sealing, and the step hole is corresponding setting with the transition cavity, and the benefit of design like this lies in: partial pressure born by the charging barrel and the screen mesh during pug extrusion is transferred to the supporting seat, so that the stability of the extrusion process is ensured.
Referring to fig. 1, the extrusion mechanism includes two pressing heads respectively connected to corresponding extrusion drivers, and in this embodiment, the extrusion drivers use hydraulic cylinders. The first hydraulic cylinder 6011 is fixedly arranged on the cross beam of the door-shaped support frame 102, the end part of a piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first pressure head 6012, and the first hydraulic cylinder acts to drive the first pressure head to reciprocate in the cavity of the charging barrel 4 along the vertical direction so as to squeeze mud materials added into the charging barrel and enable the mud materials to pass through the screen. The second hydraulic cylinder 602 is fixedly arranged on the transverse supporting frame 101 and is positioned at the rear side of the three-way chamber, the end part of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder passes through a non-discharge hole at the rear end of the horizontal chamber and then is connected with a second pressure head arranged in the horizontal chamber, and the second hydraulic cylinder acts to drive the second pressure head to reciprocate in the horizontal chamber along the horizontal direction so as to extrude the strip-shaped pugs falling into the horizontal chamber after passing through the screen. Of course, in other embodiments of the invention, other types of squeeze drives may be employed as desired.
Further, the shape of the first pressure head should be matched with the cross-sectional shape of the barrel, and the shape of the second pressure head should be matched with the cross-sectional shape of the horizontal chamber, so that the design has the following advantages: (1) the mud is convenient to effectively push, and is convenient and quick; (2) When the vacuum coating device is used, vacuum esters are only required to be coated on the outer walls of the two pressure heads along the circumferential direction, and even in the reciprocating motion process of the pressure heads, the vacuum degree in the charging barrel and the three-way cavity can be ensured. Furthermore, in order to ensure the vacuum degree in the extrusion process, in this embodiment, the non-discharge port at the rear end of the horizontal chamber is set to be in a sealed state, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder passes through the non-discharge port and then is connected with the second pressure head.
Further, a sleeve 801 is fixedly arranged on the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder, the lower end of the scale rod 802 penetrates through the first sleeve and then is connected with the first pressure head, and when the first hydraulic cylinder drives the first pressure head to move downwards, the distance of the first pressure head moving downwards can be accurately calculated through observing scales indicated by the upper end face of the sleeve in different positions.
On the basis of the scheme, the invention also provides a method for pugging by adopting the vacuum pugging machine provided by the embodiment, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Loading the aged pug into a charging barrel, wherein the highest loading position is lower than the first air pumping hole;
the method for obtaining the stale pug comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring raw material powder, water and a binder in a kneader according to a proportion, discharging after stirring to form a blocky pug, sealing and storing the pug into a sealed plastic bag for ageing, so that the binder is fully dissolved, and pugging the obtained pug;
(2) The second pressure head is arranged in the horizontal cavity after the vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall along the circumferential direction, the first pressure head moves downwards into the charging barrel after the vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall along the circumferential direction, the position of the first pressure head is higher than that of the first air suction hole, meanwhile, a sealing plate is adopted to seal a discharge hole of the horizontal cavity, then a vacuum pump is started, vacuum is pumped through the first air suction hole, after the vacuum degree in the charging barrel and the three-way cavity reaches a preset value, the vacuum pump is closed, meanwhile, the other vacuum pump is started, and the charging barrel and the three-way cavity are always in a vacuum state through the second air suction hole;
(3) Starting a first hydraulic cylinder, continuously moving a first pressure head downwards, extruding and sieving mud materials in a charging barrel, and enabling the sieved strip mud materials to fall into a horizontal cavity below;
in the step, the sieved pug is in a strip shape, and air holes and redundant moisture in the strip pug can be rapidly separated from the pug under the vacuum condition and are pumped out by another vacuum pump through the second air pumping holes;
(4) And starting the second hydraulic cylinder, moving the second pressure head along the horizontal direction, extruding the strip pug falling into the horizontal cavity for the second time, and extruding from the discharge port after the extruded columnar block body props against the sealing plate at the discharge port.
In this step, although the sealing plate is pushed away, the horizontal chamber between the second ram and the discharge port is filled with the sludge, and thus the whole extrusion process is still under vacuum.
Example 1
Adding alumina powder (5-20 μm), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into a kneader according to a certain proportion, and stirring and mixing uniformly; then adding water in the stirring process until the mixture becomes mud-like, wherein the mass ratio of the raw materials to the water is 5:1 (moisture 16.67%); and (5) filling the pug into a plastic bag, sealing, and ageing for 24 hours.
Loading the aged pug into a charging barrel of a pug mill, wherein the highest loading position is lower than a first air suction hole on the outer wall of the charging barrel; the first pressure head is lowered into the charging barrel after vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall of the first pressure head along the circumferential direction, and the position of the first pressure head is higher than the first air suction hole on the outer wall of the charging barrel. Then sequentially sealing a discharge hole at the front end of the horizontal cavity by using a silica gel sheet and a hard plate, starting a vacuum pump, vacuumizing through a first vacuumizing hole, closing the vacuum pump after vacuumizing to-0.1 MPa, and simultaneously starting another vacuum pump. Then the first hydraulic cylinder is started, the first pressure head continuously moves downwards to squeeze and screen the pug in the feed cylinder, the diameter of the inlet of the screen is 4mm, the diameter of the outlet of the screen is 3mm, and the screened pug is in a thin strip shape; the fine strip-shaped pugs fall into the horizontal cavity below, the second hydraulic cylinder is started, and the second pressure head extrudes the fine strip-shaped pugs from the discharge hole to form cylindrical blocks.
The cylindrical block can be subjected to multiple pugging by adopting the pugging machine of the embodiment, and the moisture of the alumina pug can be reduced to 13.8% after 3 pugging steps, and the solid phase content is about 60%. The cylindrical block body after pugging is sliced or formed into hollow tube by extruder, and the density can be up to 3.85-3.88g/cm after the blank body is dried and sintered 3 The density of the product is equivalent to that of an alumina dry pressed product.
Example 2
Zirconia powder (3Y-ZrO 2 Adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PEG) into a kneader according to a proportion of 0.5-2 mu m), stirring and mixing uniformly; then adding water in the stirring process until the mixture becomes mud-like, wherein the mass ratio of the raw materials to the water is 6:1 (the water content is 14.29 percent); and (5) filling the pug into a plastic bag, sealing, and ageing for 24 hours.
Loading the aged pug into a charging barrel of a pug mill, wherein the highest loading position is lower than a first air suction hole on the outer wall of the charging barrel; the first pressure head is lowered into the charging barrel after vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall of the first pressure head along the circumferential direction, and the position of the first pressure head is higher than the first air suction hole on the outer wall of the charging barrel. Then sequentially sealing a discharge hole at the front end of the horizontal cavity by using a silica gel sheet and a hard plate, starting a vacuum pump, vacuumizing through a first vacuumizing hole, closing the vacuum pump after vacuumizing to-0.1 MPa, and simultaneously starting another vacuum pump. Then the first hydraulic cylinder is started, the first pressure head continuously moves downwards to squeeze and screen the pug in the feed cylinder, the diameter of the inlet of the screen is 5mm, the diameter of the outlet of the screen is 4mm, and the screened pug is in a thin strip shape; the fine strip-shaped pugs fall into the horizontal cavity below, the second hydraulic cylinder is started, and the second pressure head extrudes the fine strip-shaped pugs from the discharge hole to form cylindrical blocks.
The cylindrical block can be subjected to multiple pugging by adopting the pugging machine of the embodiment, and the moisture of the zirconia pug can be reduced to 12.9% after 3 pugging steps, and the solid phase content is about 53%. The cylindrical block body after pugging is sliced or formed into hollow tube by extruder, and the density can be up to 6.01-6.03g/cm after the blank body is dried and sintered 3 The density is comparable to that of dry pressed products.
Example 3
Adding silicon carbide powder (0.1-1 μm), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and oleic acid into a kneader according to a certain proportion, stirring and mixing uniformly; then adding water in the stirring process until the mixture becomes mud-like, wherein the mass ratio of the raw materials to the water is 18:7 (the water content is 28 percent); and (5) filling the pug into a plastic bag, sealing, and ageing for 24 hours.
Loading the aged pug into a charging barrel of a pug mill, wherein the highest loading position is lower than a first air suction hole on the outer wall of the charging barrel; the first pressure head is lowered into the charging barrel after vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall of the first pressure head along the circumferential direction, and the position of the first pressure head is higher than the first air suction hole on the outer wall of the charging barrel. Then sequentially sealing a discharge hole at the front end of the horizontal cavity by using a silica gel sheet and a hard plate, starting a vacuum pump, vacuumizing through a first vacuumizing hole, closing the vacuum pump after vacuumizing to-0.1 MPa, and simultaneously starting another vacuum pump. Then the first hydraulic cylinder is started, the first pressure head continuously moves downwards to squeeze and screen the pug in the feed cylinder, the diameter of the inlet of the screen is 6mm, the diameter of the outlet of the screen is 5mm, and the screened pug is in a thin strip shape; the fine strip-shaped pugs fall into the horizontal cavity below, the second hydraulic cylinder is started, and the second pressure head extrudes the fine strip-shaped pugs from the discharge hole to form cylindrical blocks.
The cylindrical block can be subjected to multiple pugging by adopting the pugging machine of the embodiment, and the moisture of the silicon carbide pug can be reduced to 23.1% after 2 pugging steps, and the solid phase content is about 49%. The cylindrical block body after pugging is sliced or formed into hollow tube by extruder, and the density can be up to 3.05-3.08g/cm after the blank body is dried and sintered 3 The density is comparable to that of dry pressed products.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is intended to be limited to the following embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents and modifications can be made to the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. The vacuum pugging machine is characterized by comprising a frame (1), a three-way chamber (2), an extrusion mechanism and a vacuumizing mechanism, wherein the three-way chamber is arranged on the frame and is provided with a horizontal chamber (201) and a vertical chamber (202) which are mutually communicated, and a screen (301) and a shielding body (303) protruding out of the screen are arranged in the vertical chamber; the extrusion mechanism comprises two pressure heads which are respectively connected with the corresponding extrusion drivers, wherein the first pressure head reciprocates in a vertical cavity above the screen plate for extruding mud materials, and the second pressure head reciprocates in a horizontal cavity for extruding strip mud materials after passing through the screen; the vacuumizing mechanism comprises two vacuumizing holes which are respectively connected with the two vacuum pumps through a vacuumizing pipe, wherein the first vacuumizing hole is formed in a wall body of a vertical cavity above the screen and is used for vacuumizing after the pug is added but before extrusion, the second vacuumizing hole is formed in a wall body of a vertical cavity below the screen and is used for vacuumizing in the pug extrusion process, and the second vacuumizing hole is completely covered by the shielding body (303) and a gap exists between the two vacuumizing holes; the vertical chamber comprises a transition chamber (2021) which is mutually communicated with the horizontal chamber (201), a charging barrel (4) which is positioned above the transition chamber and connected with the transition chamber, and a screen (301) which is arranged between the transition chamber and the charging barrel, wherein a first air suction hole is formed in the wall body of the charging barrel, a second air suction hole is formed in the wall body of the transition chamber, a shielding body is arranged in the transition chamber, an annular barrel (302) with the outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the transition chamber is arranged at the outer edge of the screen (301) in an axially protruding mode, and the annular barrel (302) is provided with the shielding body (303) which protrudes in the axial direction; the vacuum pugging machine further comprises a supporting seat (5) fixedly arranged on the frame, a step hole penetrating through the supporting seat body is formed in the supporting seat, the outer edge of the screen (301) and the step hole form a stop position, the top surface of the supporting seat is in sealing connection with the charging barrel (4), and the bottom surface of the supporting seat is in sealing connection with the transition chamber (2021).
2. The vacuum pugging machine according to claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a transverse supporting frame (101) and a door-shaped supporting frame (102), the three-way chamber and the extrusion driver connected with the second pressure head are respectively and fixedly arranged on the transverse supporting frame, the extrusion driver connected with the first pressure head (6012) is fixedly arranged on a cross beam of the door-shaped supporting frame, and the supporting seat is fixedly arranged on two upright posts of the door-shaped supporting frame.
3. The vacuum pugging machine according to claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a transverse supporting frame (101) and a door-shaped supporting frame (102), the three-way chamber (2) and the extrusion driver connected with the second pressure head are respectively fixedly arranged on the transverse supporting frame, and the extrusion driver connected with the first pressure head (6012) is fixedly arranged on a cross beam of the door-shaped supporting frame.
4. The vacuum pug mill according to claim 1, wherein a sleeve (801) is provided on a housing of the extrusion driver connected to the first ram, and a lower end of the scale bar (802) is connected to the first ram (6012) after passing through the sleeve.
5. A vacuum pug mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the openings in the screen (301) are conical openings with the large ends of the conical openings being at the top.
6. A vacuum pug mill according to claim 1, characterised in that the non-discharge opening of the horizontal chamber (201) is arranged in a sealed condition and the second ram is placed in the horizontal chamber.
7. A method for pugging by using the vacuum pugging machine of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing the aged pug into a vertical cavity above the sieve plate, wherein the highest loading position is lower than the first air pumping hole;
(2) The second pressure head is arranged in the horizontal cavity after vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall in the circumferential direction, the first pressure head is downwards moved to a vertical cavity above the screen after vacuum ester is smeared on the outer wall in the circumferential direction, the position of the first pressure head is higher than that of the first air suction hole, a sealing plate is used for sealing a discharge hole of the horizontal cavity, then a vacuum pump is started, vacuum pumping is carried out through the first air suction hole, the vacuum pump is closed after the vacuum degree in the three-way cavity reaches a preset value, and the other vacuum pump is started, so that the three-way cavity is always in a vacuum state through the second air suction hole;
(3) The first pressure head continuously moves downwards, the pugs positioned in the vertical cavity above the screen mesh are extruded and sieved, and the sieved strip pugs fall into the horizontal cavity below;
(4) The second pressure head moves along the horizontal direction, the strip pug falling into the horizontal cavity is extruded for the second time, and the columnar block obtained by extrusion is extruded from the discharge port after pushing up the sealing plate at the discharge port.
CN202111432379.XA 2021-11-29 2021-11-29 Vacuum pugging machine and pugging method Active CN114055604B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000317924A (en) * 1999-05-07 2000-11-21 Miyazaki Tekko Kk Screw piston type vacuum extrusion molding machine
CN2523579Y (en) * 2002-02-09 2002-12-04 罗耀宗 Vaccum bricks extruder
CN103410038A (en) * 2013-08-14 2013-11-27 诸城市增益环保设备有限公司 Roller press used in papermaking industry
CN106042174A (en) * 2016-06-06 2016-10-26 江西应陶康顺实业有限公司 Hydraulic direct pushing type refining mud machine and method thereof
CN211104593U (en) * 2019-08-16 2020-07-28 浙江浙能催化剂技术有限公司 Horizontal vacuum pug mill
CN211278927U (en) * 2019-07-31 2020-08-18 山东国瓷功能材料股份有限公司 Vacuum extruder

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000317924A (en) * 1999-05-07 2000-11-21 Miyazaki Tekko Kk Screw piston type vacuum extrusion molding machine
CN2523579Y (en) * 2002-02-09 2002-12-04 罗耀宗 Vaccum bricks extruder
CN103410038A (en) * 2013-08-14 2013-11-27 诸城市增益环保设备有限公司 Roller press used in papermaking industry
CN106042174A (en) * 2016-06-06 2016-10-26 江西应陶康顺实业有限公司 Hydraulic direct pushing type refining mud machine and method thereof
CN211278927U (en) * 2019-07-31 2020-08-18 山东国瓷功能材料股份有限公司 Vacuum extruder
CN211104593U (en) * 2019-08-16 2020-07-28 浙江浙能催化剂技术有限公司 Horizontal vacuum pug mill

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