CN114054656A - Extrusion forming method for special-shaped box body with large projection area - Google Patents
Extrusion forming method for special-shaped box body with large projection area Download PDFInfo
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- CN114054656A CN114054656A CN202111349012.1A CN202111349012A CN114054656A CN 114054656 A CN114054656 A CN 114054656A CN 202111349012 A CN202111349012 A CN 202111349012A CN 114054656 A CN114054656 A CN 114054656A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses an extrusion forming method of a special-shaped box body with a large projection area, which comprises three times of forming, wherein a lower rated load of a laboratory extruder is overcome by adopting an extrusion mode of local loading and diagonal staggered forming, a left front cavity and a right rear cavity are formed firstly, a left rear cavity and a right front cavity are formed secondly, a middle cavity is formed finally, and the cavities formed in each pass are staggered, so that the problem of uneven load caused by traditional single-side centralized forming or integral one-time forming is avoided, and the box body with a complex cavity can be formed in limited passes. In addition, the invention adopts a mode of filling the cushion block and the rubber block group to control the flow of metal. After each pass of extrusion is finished, the cushion blocks with the same shapes are placed in the corresponding cavities which are just extruded, when the rubber compression reaches a certain degree, a layer of rubber blocks is taken out, then the male die continues to move, and the deformation of the cavities which are extruded and formed in the subsequent extrusion process of the cavities is effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic processing and forming of metal materials, and particularly relates to an extrusion forming method of a special-shaped box body with a large projection area.
Background
With the continuous development of the industrial era, the lightweight, integrated and complicated special-shaped box body gradually becomes the first choice of special equipment and large-scale complex components. The box body is characterized by complex structure, larger size and the like, one of the forming difficulties of the component is that the number of cavities in the special-shaped box body is large, the size is different, the wall thickness of the cavity wall is uneven, and the large cavity area causes that the component cannot be extruded and formed at one time under the existing experimental condition, wherein the forming load is the most important factor. The traditional large-size box type parts (the single side length exceeds 600mm and the projection area is large) are complex and various in structure and mostly adopt casting and cutting machining in a manufacturing mode, casting has the defects of non-compact casting structure, non-uniform shrinkage cavity, non-uniform bubble, non-uniform grain thickness and the like, machining production efficiency is low, raw materials are seriously wasted, time and labor are consumed; therefore, the forming difficulty of the components is how to accurately control the flowing direction of metal in the extrusion forming process of the special-shaped box body, so that the utilization rate of materials is improved. The methods have the defects that the service requirement of the part is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an extrusion forming method for a special-shaped box with a large projection area, which effectively overcomes the problems caused by the processing and manufacturing of the traditional box structure, improves the formability of alloy, improves the comprehensive mechanical property of a formed part, greatly improves the material utilization rate and the production efficiency, saves energy and reduces emission.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is: a method for extruding and forming a special-shaped box body with a large projection area comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before forming: preheating a die, wherein the die comprises an upper die plate connected with an upper workbench of a press machine, a male die assembly detachably mounted on the upper die plate, a lower die plate connected with a lower workbench of the press machine, and a female die assembly detachably mounted on the lower die plate; the male die component comprises an upper backing plate, a left front male die, a left rear male die, a right front male die, a right rear male die, a middle male die, a left front filling block, a left rear filling block, a right front filling block, a right rear filling block, a middle filling block and a rubber block group; the lower part of the upper template is connected with the upper padding plate, and the lower part of the upper padding plate is provided with a left front mounting groove, a left rear mounting groove, a right front mounting groove, a right rear mounting groove and a middle mounting groove which are used for connecting the left front male die, the left rear male die, the right front male die, the right rear male die and the middle male die; the die assembly comprises an internal stress ring, a split type die, a top plate, a middle block, a cushion block, an ejector rod and an external stress ring, the internal stress ring is fixed on the lower template, the top plate, the split type die and the middle block are arranged in the internal stress ring, the split type die and the middle block are arranged above the top plate, an inner cavity for placing a blank is formed below the male die assembly by the split type die, the corresponding cushion block is filled in the cavity below the rubber block group, an ejector hole is formed in the middle of the bottom of the inner cavity, and the size of the ejector hole is matched with that of the ejector rod; the outer stress ring is sleeved outside the inner stress ring in an interference fit manner;
after preheating is finished, placing the split female die, the top plate and the middle block into an internal stress ring, then placing the preheated blank into an inner cavity, arranging a pressing plate around the upper part of the internal stress ring, wherein the pressing plate extends into the upper part of the split female die, and the lower surface of the pressing plate is abutted with the upper surface of the split female die and the upper surface of the external stress ring; a preheated left front male die and a preheated right rear male die are arranged in the upper base plate; respectively and uniformly coating water-based graphite lubricant on the surfaces of the split female die and each male die in the process of installing the preheating die;
(2) the first forming process: embedding a filling block in a mounting groove outside the left front mounting groove and the right rear mounting groove in a matched manner, and stacking a rubber block group below the filling block; the press machine starts to drive the left front male die and the right rear male die to move downwards, the blank fills the inner cavity of the whole female die under the action of the male dies, meanwhile, a left front cavity and a right rear cavity are formed on the blank until the left front male die and the right rear male die are pressed to the reserved bottom thickness, the movement of the left front male die and the right rear male die is stopped, and then the left front male die and the right rear male die start to move upwards to separate from the blank;
(3) and (3) forming in a second pass: removing the rubber block group formed in the first step, taking down the left front male die and the right rear male die which are extruded completely, placing corresponding heated cushion blocks in the left front cavity and the right rear cavity which are formed just now, stacking the rubber block group on each cushion block, embedding a left front filling block into a left front mounting groove above the rubber block group in a matched manner, embedding a right rear filling block into a right rear mounting groove in a matched manner, then installing a left rear male die and a right front male die on an upper padding plate, driving the left rear male die and the right front male die to move downwards by a press machine, and forming the left rear cavity and the right front cavity on a blank; when the rubber block group is compressed, the rubber block on the uppermost layer is pulled out, the left rear convex die and the right front convex die continue to move downwards until the left rear cavity and the right front cavity are formed, and then the left rear convex die and the right front convex die move upwards to separate from the blank;
(4) and (3) a third forming process: the rubber block group formed in the second pass is reserved, the left rear convex die and the right front convex die which are extruded are taken down, the middle convex die is installed, corresponding heated cushion blocks are placed in the left rear cavity and the right front convex die which are formed just now, a rubber block group is placed on each cushion block, a left rear installation groove above the rubber block group is matched with and embedded into a left rear filling block, and a right front installation groove above the rubber block group is matched with and embedded into a right front filling block;
the middle convex die moves downwards, the middle cavity is formed on the blank, when the rubber block group is compressed, the rubber block on the uppermost layer is taken out, then the middle convex die continues to press downwards until the middle cavity is completely formed, and a forming box body is obtained;
(5) after the extrusion forming is finished: and stopping the downward movement of the upper workbench of the press machine, reversely moving the upper workbench of the press machine upwards to drive the middle convex die to ascend and separate from the forming box body, then disassembling the pressing plate, lifting the ejector rod, and ejecting the split female die, the forming box body and the ejector plate.
Further, the space between the left front cavity and the left rear cavity and the space between the right front cavity and the right rear cavity on the forming box body are removed through machining, so that the left cavity is formed by the mutual communication between the left front cavity and the left rear cavity, and the right cavity is formed by the mutual communication between the right front cavity and the right rear cavity.
After the scheme is adopted, the gain effect of the invention is as follows:
for the first forming difficulty, the invention adopts the extrusion modes of local loading and diagonal staggered forming to overcome the lower rated load of a laboratory extruder, the diagonal staggered mode means that the cavities formed in each pass are divided according to the characteristics of the cavities of the special-shaped box body, and the cavities formed in each pass are staggered mutually, so that the problem of uneven load caused by traditional single-side centralized forming or integral one-step forming is avoided, the extruder equipment is protected, the box body with the complex cavity can be formed in limited passes, the material utilization rate and the production efficiency are greatly improved, and the energy is saved and the emission is reduced.
For the second forming difficulty, the invention adopts a mode of filling the cushion block and the rubber block group to control the flow of metal. After extrusion of each pass is completed, the cushion block with the same shape as the extrusion of each pass is placed in the corresponding cavity which is just extruded, in the process of extruding other cavities in the subsequent pass, a plurality of rubber block groups are piled on the cushion block which is just placed, the cushion block moves downwards along with the male die, when the compression amount of the rubber reaches a certain degree, one layer of rubber block is taken out, and then the male die continues to move. The cushion block can effectively avoid the deformation of the extruded cavity in the extrusion process of the subsequent cavity; the rubber block is placed on the cushion block, so that the blank metal can be prevented from flowing along the direction vertical to the movement of the male die under the action of the corresponding male die in the forming process of other cavities, and the placed cushion block is jacked up, so that the extruded cavities are deformed. The method has the advantages of ingenious design structure, good reliability and high forming precision, improves the formability of the alloy and improves the comprehensive mechanical property of a formed piece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the blank of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a forming box of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the die in a first extrusion molding operation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the die in a first extrusion molding operation according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first pass of the blank of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a first schematic structural view of the working state of the die during the second-pass extrusion molding according to the present invention (the rubber block set is placed on the left front cavity);
FIG. 7 is a second schematic structural view of the working state of the die during the second-pass extrusion molding (the rubber block set is placed on the right rear cavity) in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the die assembly for the second extrusion pass of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a second pass of forming the blank of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic front view showing the operation of the die in the third extrusion molding step according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic top view showing the operation of the die in the third extrusion molding step according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of the top plate of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic top view of the front left punch of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic top view of the right rear punch of the present invention;
figure 15 is a schematic top view of the male die of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a box body; 11. a left cavity; 111. a left front cavity; 112. a left rear cavity; 12. a middle cavity; 13. a right cavity; 131. a right front cavity; 132. a right rear cavity; 14. a groove; 2. mounting a template; 21. a male die assembly; 211. an upper base plate; 212. a left front male die; 213. a left rear male die; 214. a right front male die; 215. a right rear male die; 216. a middle male die; 217. a left front pad; 218. a left rear filling block; 219. a rubber pad; 220. a right rear filling block; 221. filling the block; 222. a rubber block group; 223. a T-slot screw; 224. a guide sleeve; 3. a lower template; 31. a female die assembly; 311. an internal stress ring; 312. a split type female die; 313. a top plate; 314. a middle block; 315. a screw; 316. a top rod; 317. an outer stress ring; 318. a guide post; 319. a scraping plate; 320. pressing a plate; 4. a blank; 5. a first positioning pin; 6. and a second positioning pin.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 2, the box body 1 of the invention is in a pi-shaped shape, the structure of the box body 1 is divided into a left cavity 11, a middle cavity 12 and a right cavity 13, the left cavity 11 comprises a left front cavity 111 and a left back cavity 112 which are symmetrical by the central line of the structure of the box body 1, the right cavity 13 comprises a right front cavity 131 and a right back cavity 132 which are symmetrical by the central line of the structure of the box body 1, the middle cavity 12 is positioned between the left cavity 11 and the right cavity 13, the box body 1 is inwards provided with a groove 14 in the direction of the central line of the right cavity 13, the difficulty of forming a plurality of cavities on the structure of the box body 1 is large, and the forming load needs to be reasonably controlled, the invention relates to an extrusion forming die for a special-shaped box body 1 with large projection area, as shown in figure 3, the die comprises an upper die plate 2 connected with a working platform on a press and a male die assembly 21 detachably arranged on the upper die plate 2, The guide sleeve 224, the lower template 3 connected with the lower worktable of the press machine, the female die assembly 31 detachably mounted on the lower template 3 and the scraping plate 319; the lower template 3 is assembled on the lower workbench of the press machine by fastening bolts.
The male die assembly 21 comprises an upper backing plate 211, a left front male die 212, a left rear male die 213, a right front male die 214, a right rear male die 215, a middle male die 216, a left front filling block 217, a left rear filling block 218, a right front filling block, a right rear filling block 220, a filling block 221 and a rubber block group 222; fig. 13 is a schematic top view diagram of the left front convex die 212 and the left rear convex die 213, the structures of the left front convex die 212 and the right front convex die 214 are the same and are both T-shaped, fig. 14 is a schematic top view diagram of the right rear convex die 215 and a schematic bottom view diagram of the right front convex die 214, the structures of the right front convex die 214 and the right rear convex die 215 are symmetrical and are split into two independent parts, or can be split according to actual needs, fig. 15 is a schematic top view diagram of the middle convex die 216, the middle convex die 216 is rectangular, the area of the middle convex die 216 is larger than that of the left cavity 11 and that of the right cavity 13, which is also the reason for the middle cavity 12 to be formed in the third pass.
The lower portion of the upper die plate 2 is connected with the upper backing plate 211, the lower portion of the upper backing plate 211 is provided with a left front mounting groove, a left rear mounting groove, a right front mounting groove, a right rear mounting groove and a middle mounting groove, which are used for connecting the left front convex die 212, the left rear convex die 213, the right front convex die 214, the right rear convex die 215 and the middle convex die 216, the left front convex die 212, the left rear convex die 213, the right front convex die 214, the right rear convex die 215 and the middle convex die 216 are respectively used for forming a left front cavity 111, a left rear cavity 112, a right front cavity 131, a right rear cavity 132 and a middle cavity 12, and the shapes of the left front cavity 111, the left rear cavity 112, the right front cavity 131, the right rear cavity 132 and the middle cavity 12 are respectively matched with one another.
The upper backing plate 211 is provided with a T-shaped groove screw 223, the side edge of the upper backing plate 211 is provided with a T-shaped groove for placing the T-shaped groove screw 223, the tail end of the T-shaped groove screw 223 is connected with the male die in a thread matching mode, and the male die and the filling block which are placed in the upper backing plate 211 are prevented from sliding relatively through the T-shaped groove screw 223. The upper template 2 is assembled on the upper workbench of the press machine by fastening bolts.
And the left front filling block 217, the left rear filling block 218, the right front filling block, the right rear filling block 220 and the middle filling block 221 are respectively matched with the left front mounting groove, the left rear mounting groove, the right front mounting groove, the right rear mounting groove and the middle mounting groove for filling.
The female die assembly 31 comprises an internal stress ring 311, a split female die 312, a top plate 313, a middle block 314, a cushion block, ejector rods 316 and an external stress ring 317, mounting holes are formed in the bottoms of the lower die plate 3 and the internal stress ring 311 and are outwards dispersed and uniformly distributed by taking ejector holes as circle centers, the mounting holes are used for mounting bolts to connect the lower die plate 3 and the internal stress ring 311, and the internal stress ring 311 is fixed on the lower die plate 3.
The top plate 313, the split type female die 312 and the middle block 314 are arranged in the inner stress ring 311, the split type female die 312 and the middle block 314 are arranged above the top plate 313, and an inner cavity for placing the box body blank 4 is formed below the male die component 21 in the split type female die 312.
As shown in fig. 12, the top plate 313 is provided with a slot at a position corresponding to the groove 14 for the middle block 314 to be embedded and installed, and the middle of the bottom of the inner cavity is provided with a push-out hole with a size in clearance fit with the push-out rod 316; the outer stress ring 317 is sleeved outside the inner stress ring 311 in an interference fit manner.
The invention is also provided with a guide component consisting of a guide post 318 and a guide sleeve 224, wherein the guide sleeve 224 is assembled at the lower part of the upper template 2 in a fastening thread mode, the guide post 318 is assembled at the upper part of the inner stress ring 311 in a clearance fit mode, and the guide post 318 and the guide sleeve 224 are arranged in a relatively matched and sliding mode. The guide post 318 and the guide sleeve 224 cooperate together to play a role of lead.
The invention provides an extrusion forming method of a special-shaped box body 1 with a large projection area, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation before forming: installing the lower template 3, the internal stress ring 311, the external stress ring 317, the ejector rod 316 and the guide post 318 on a lower workbench of the press according to the assembling relation; the upper template 2, the upper backing plate 211 and the guide sleeve 224 are arranged on a workbench of the press machine according to the assembling relation; before extrusion, the whole die is corrected by using the installed guide sleeve 224 and the guide post 318; preheating a blank 4, male dies, split female dies 312, cushion blocks, a top plate 313 and a middle block 314, after preheating is finished, placing the split female dies 312, the top plate 313 and the middle block 314 into an internal stress ring 311, arranging a first positioning pin 5 between the top plate 313 and the split female dies 312, and arranging a second positioning pin 6 between the top plate 313 and a lower template 3. Then, the preheated blank 4 is placed into an inner cavity, as shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of an original blank 4, a pressing plate 320 is arranged around the upper part of the internal stress ring 311, the pressing plate 320 is connected with the internal stress ring 311 through a screw 315 therebetween, the pressing plate 320 extends into the upper part of the split-type female die 312, the lower surface of the pressing plate 320 is abutted with the upper surface of the split-type female die 312 and the upper surface of the external stress ring 317, and a scraper 319 directly extends into the pressing plate 320; because the projection area of the special-shaped box body 1 is larger, and the number of cavities is more, a cavity diagonal staggered forming scheme is adopted, all cavity forming adopting the scheme can be completed in three passes, and a preheated left front convex die 212 and a preheated right rear convex die 215 are arranged in an upper backing plate 211 in a mode of forming a left front cavity 111 and a right rear cavity 132 firstly, then forming a left rear cavity 112 and a right front cavity 131 and finally forming a middle cavity 12; t-shaped groove screws 223 (specifically, hexagon socket head cap screws) are screwed into the T-shaped grooves on the side edges of the upper backing plate 211 to prevent the male dies from sliding; water-based graphite lubricant is uniformly coated on the surfaces of the split female die 312 and each male die respectively in the process of installing the preheating die;
(2) the first forming process: as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, a filling block is embedded in the mounting grooves except the left front mounting groove and the right rear mounting groove in a matching manner, two rubber block groups 222 are stacked below the filling block, an upper rubber cushion 219 and a lower rubber cushion are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of each rubber block group 222 and are respectively contacted with the filling block and the blank 4, and the rubber block groups 222 are clamped in the middle by the upper rubber cushion and the lower rubber cushion; the press starts to drive the upper template 2, the upper backing plate 211, the left front convex die 212 and the right rear convex die 215 to move downwards, the blank 4 is firstly and slowly filled in the inner cavity of the whole female die under the action of the convex dies, meanwhile, the left front cavity 111 and the right rear cavity 132 are formed on the blank 4, the movement of the left front convex die 212 and the right rear convex die 215 is stopped until the convex dies are pressed to a given depth and a certain bottom thickness is reserved, then the left front convex die 212 and the right rear convex die 215 start to move upwards in a reverse direction to slowly separate from the blank 4, and after the left front cavity 111 and the right rear cavity 132 are formed, two points of design are made for facilitating demoulding: (1) the extrusion male die has a 2-degree draft angle; (2) a scraper plate 319 is arranged below the pressing plate 320 to prevent the male die from lifting the blank 4; the rubber block set 222 prevents the metal part of the blank 4 which does not flow from tilting during the process of forming the cavity; the pressing plate 320 is used for pressing the split female die 312, so that the split female die 312 is prevented from being brought up by metal flowing in the backward extrusion process;
(3) and (3) forming in a second pass: as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the rubber cushion 219 and the rubber block set 222 formed in the first pass are removed, the scraper 319 is removed, the left front punch 212 and the right rear punch 215 after being extruded are removed, corresponding heated cushion blocks are placed in the cavities (the left front cavity 111 and the right rear cavity 132) just formed, the rubber cushion 219 and the multi-layer rubber block set 222 are placed on each cushion block, a left front mounting groove above the rubber cushion 219 and the multi-layer rubber block set 222 is matched and embedded into the left front filling block 217 and a right rear mounting groove is matched and embedded into the right rear filling block 220, then the left rear punch 213 and the right front punch 214 are mounted on the upper cushion 211, and the upper workbench of the press drives the left rear punch 213 and the right front punch 214 to move downwards to form the left rear cavity 112 and the right front cavity 131; during the forming process, a part of the metal will flow upwards in the opposite direction to the punch movement, a part of the metal will flow at the bottom of the blank 4 in a direction perpendicular to the punch movement, the cushion block placed in the formed cavity is then jacked up, causing the formed cavity to deform, and the rubber block set 222 on the cushion block placed in the corresponding cavity effectively prevents this, the upper cushion plate 211 will contact the rubber cushion plate 219, compress the rubber block set 222, thereby preventing the flowing metal at the bottom of the cushion block from jacking up the cushion block, when the compression amount of the rubber block at the uppermost layer reaches a certain degree, the rubber block at the uppermost layer and the corresponding rubber cushion plate 219 are drawn off, the left rear convex die 213 and the right front convex die 214 continue to move downwards until the left rear cavity 112 and the right front cavity 131 are formed, then, a scraper 319 is installed, and the left rear punch 213 and the right front punch 214 move upwards to slowly separate from the blank 4;
(4) and (3) a third forming process: as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the rubber cushion 219 and the rubber block group 222 formed in the second pass are retained, the scraper 319 is removed, the left rear punch 213 and the right front punch 214 after the extrusion is completed are removed, the middle punch 216 is installed, corresponding heated cushion blocks are placed in the cavities (the left rear cavity 112 and the right front punch 214) formed just now, the rubber cushion 219 and the multi-layer rubber block group 222 are placed on each cushion block, and the left rear mounting groove above the rubber cushion 219 and the multi-layer rubber block group 222 is matched and embedded into the left rear filling block 218 and the right front mounting groove is matched and embedded into the right front filling block;
the middle convex die 216 moves downwards to slowly form the middle cavity 12, and in the forming process of the middle cavity 12, along with the contact between the upper backing plate 211 and the multiple layers of rubber backing plates 219, when the compression amount of the rubber block group 222 reaches a certain degree, the middle convex die 216 slightly rises to extract the rubber blocks layer by layer, and then the middle convex die 216 continues to press downwards until the middle cavity 12 is completely formed, so that a formed box body is obtained;
(5) after the extrusion forming is finished: and stopping the downward movement of the upper workbench of the press, reversely moving the upper workbench of the press upwards to drive the middle male die 216 to ascend and separate from the forming box body, wherein the die drawing slope designed on the lower working part of the middle male die 216 is favorable for demolding. During the raising of the center punch 216, a scraper 319 is placed under the press plate 320 to prevent the center punch 216 from lifting the forming box. The press plate 320 and the scraper plate 319 are then removed, and the ejector pins 316 are raised to eject the split cavity die 312, the forming box, and the top plate 313.
The excess material between the left front cavity 111 and the left rear cavity 112 on the forming box body and the excess material between the right front cavity 131 and the right rear cavity 132 can be removed through machining such as cutting, so that the special-shaped left cavity 11 which is difficult to align can be formed by the mutual communication between the left front cavity 111 and the left rear cavity 112, and similarly, the special-shaped right cavity 13 which is difficult to align can also be formed by the mutual communication between the right front cavity 131 and the right rear cavity 132.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the design of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made in the design key point of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The extrusion forming method of the special-shaped box body with the large projection area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparation before forming: preheating a die, wherein the die comprises an upper die plate connected with an upper workbench of a press machine, a male die assembly detachably mounted on the upper die plate, a lower die plate connected with a lower workbench of the press machine, and a female die assembly detachably mounted on the lower die plate; the male die component comprises an upper backing plate, a left front male die, a left rear male die, a right front male die, a right rear male die, a middle male die, a left front filling block, a left rear filling block, a right front filling block, a right rear filling block, a middle filling block and a rubber block group; the lower part of the upper template is connected with the upper padding plate, and the lower part of the upper padding plate is provided with a left front mounting groove, a left rear mounting groove, a right front mounting groove, a right rear mounting groove and a middle mounting groove which are used for connecting the left front male die, the left rear male die, the right front male die, the right rear male die and the middle male die; the die assembly comprises an internal stress ring, a split type die, a top plate, a middle block, a cushion block, an ejector rod and an external stress ring, the internal stress ring is fixed on the lower template, the top plate, the split type die and the middle block are arranged in the internal stress ring, the split type die and the middle block are arranged above the top plate, an inner cavity for placing a blank is formed below the male die assembly by the split type die, the corresponding cushion block is filled in the cavity below the rubber block group, an ejector hole is formed in the middle of the bottom of the inner cavity, and the size of the ejector hole is matched with that of the ejector rod; the outer stress ring is sleeved outside the inner stress ring in an interference fit manner;
after preheating is finished, placing the split female die, the top plate and the middle block into an internal stress ring, then placing the preheated blank into an inner cavity, arranging a pressing plate around the upper part of the internal stress ring, wherein the pressing plate extends into the upper part of the split female die, and the lower surface of the pressing plate is abutted with the upper surface of the split female die and the upper surface of the external stress ring; a preheated left front male die and a preheated right rear male die are arranged in the upper base plate; respectively and uniformly coating water-based graphite lubricant on the surfaces of the split female die and each male die in the process of installing the preheating die;
(2) the first forming process: embedding a filling block in a mounting groove outside the left front mounting groove and the right rear mounting groove in a matched manner, and stacking a rubber block group below the filling block; the press machine starts to drive the left front male die and the right rear male die to move downwards, the blank fills the inner cavity of the whole female die under the action of the male dies, meanwhile, a left front cavity and a right rear cavity are formed on the blank until the left front male die and the right rear male die are pressed to the reserved bottom thickness, the movement of the left front male die and the right rear male die is stopped, and then the left front male die and the right rear male die start to move upwards to separate from the blank;
(3) and (3) forming in a second pass: removing the rubber block group formed in the first step, taking down the left front male die and the right rear male die which are extruded completely, placing corresponding heated cushion blocks in the left front cavity and the right rear cavity which are formed just now, stacking the rubber block group on each cushion block, embedding a left front filling block into a left front mounting groove above the rubber block group in a matched manner, embedding a right rear filling block into a right rear mounting groove in a matched manner, then installing a left rear male die and a right front male die on an upper padding plate, driving the left rear male die and the right front male die to move downwards by a press machine, and forming the left rear cavity and the right front cavity on a blank; when the rubber block group is compressed, the rubber block on the uppermost layer is pulled out, the left rear convex die and the right front convex die continue to move downwards until the left rear cavity and the right front cavity are formed, and then the left rear convex die and the right front convex die move upwards to separate from the blank;
(4) and (3) a third forming process: the rubber block group formed in the second pass is reserved, the left rear convex die and the right front convex die which are extruded are taken down, the middle convex die is installed, corresponding heated cushion blocks are placed in the left rear cavity and the right front convex die which are formed just now, a rubber block group is placed on each cushion block, a left rear installation groove above the rubber block group is matched with and embedded into a left rear filling block, and a right front installation groove above the rubber block group is matched with and embedded into a right front filling block;
the middle convex die moves downwards, the middle cavity is formed on the blank, when the rubber block group is compressed, the rubber block on the uppermost layer is taken out, then the middle convex die continues to press downwards until the middle cavity is completely formed, and a forming box body is obtained;
(5) after the extrusion forming is finished: and stopping the downward movement of the upper workbench of the press machine, reversely moving the upper workbench of the press machine upwards to drive the middle convex die to ascend and separate from the forming box body, then disassembling the pressing plate, lifting the ejector rod, and ejecting the split female die, the forming box body and the ejector plate.
2. The extrusion forming method for the special-shaped box with the large projection area as claimed in claim 1, wherein a space between the left front cavity and the left rear cavity and a space between the right front cavity and the right rear cavity on the formed box are removed by machining, so that the left cavity is formed by the left front cavity and the left rear cavity which are communicated with each other, and the right cavity is formed by the right front cavity and the right rear cavity which are communicated with each other.
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| CN113094951A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 中北大学 | Design method of step-by-step extrusion die capable of effectively reducing box forming load |
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| CN114054656B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
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