CN114046540B

CN114046540B - Energy-saving household firewood stove device and method based on air combustion supporting

Info

Publication number: CN114046540B
Application number: CN202111236649.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张世忠; 高洪亮
Original assignee: Shenghuo Hubei Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenghuo Hubei Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-23
Filing date: 2021-10-23
Publication date: 2022-09-20
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-23
Also published as: CN114046540A

Abstract

The invention provides an energy-saving household firewood stove device and method based on air combustion supporting, and the energy-saving household firewood stove device and method based on air combustion supporting comprise a shell, a flow divider and a stove bridge, wherein a stove chamber is fixedly arranged in the shell, the flow divider is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the stove chamber, the stove bridge is arranged in the flow divider, a combustion chamber is arranged in the stove chamber, a fire return plate is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the combustion chamber, and a heat insulation layer is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the combustion chamber. Tests show that the device can save about 30% of burning objects under the condition of boiling one pot of water, has an energy-saving function, and is safe and reliable.

Description

Energy-saving household firewood stove device and method based on air combustion supporting

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of household firewood stoves, and particularly relates to an energy-saving household firewood stove device and method based on air combustion supporting.

Background

At present, firewood stoves on the market are all big iron pots and big stove halls. The fuel is much placed, the concentration of the fuel at the bottom of the pot is difficult, the space is large, the fuel is stacked more, the firepower is difficult to control, the firepower can not be burnt for a moment when needing to be burnt, the firepower is difficult to drop when the firepower is not fierce, and the dishes are often fried to be scorched; meanwhile, most firewood stoves are in a spontaneous combustion mode, and although the firewood stove is lower in cost, the firewood stove has many defects. Such as: firstly, the fire is slow, and the preheating of the pan takes more time, so that the efficiency is reduced; secondly, the fire size cannot be controlled in the cooking process, so that the cooking effect is influenced; thirdly, the combustion substances are difficult to be fully combusted only by means of spontaneous combustion, and the development trend of energy conservation is not facilitated; finally, the method only depends on the mode of spontaneous combustion of the combustion products, the heat quantity provided by the method is limited, sometimes a large amount of heat is needed to quickly heat water, and then more time is spent, and the efficiency is influenced. Therefore, there is a need for a firewood stove burning a burning substance, which has the advantages of fast ignition, controllable firepower, capability of providing a large amount of firepower in a short time, and capability of fully burning the burning substance, thereby having the function of energy conservation. Therefore, the invention designs a self-combustion and combustion-supporting mode, fully burns the comburent, improves the efficiency, and meets the aim of energy conservation in the present time.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an energy-saving household firewood stove device and method based on air combustion supporting, the energy-saving household firewood stove device and method based on air combustion supporting is reasonable in design, and the heat preservation layer and the tempering plate in the stove chamber are utilized, so that the heat utilization in the combustion chamber can be maximized, and the purpose of energy saving is achieved; the air and the ash are separated through the grate and the splitter, so that not only can enough air be provided, but also the stove ash can be well managed; the firepower in the combustion chamber can be controlled by adjusting the power of the blower; utilize the kitchen ash to handle and fire banking up mechanism, fall into the kitchen ash through the ash falling channel and store up in the ash box, the user of being convenient for handles the kitchen ash, through banking up fire board and bottom plate coincidence, makes the combustion chamber be in the low oxygen environment, is convenient for put out a fire. Tests show that the device can save about 30% of burning objects under the condition of boiling one pot of water, has an energy-saving function, and is safe and reliable.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an energy-saving household firewood stove device based on air combustion supporting comprises a shell, a shunt and a grate, wherein a stove chamber is fixedly arranged in the shell, the shunt is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the stove chamber, the grate is arranged in the shunt, a combustion chamber is arranged in the stove chamber, a tempering plate is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the combustion chamber, a heat preservation layer is arranged at the inner side of the bottom of the combustion chamber, a material feeding door is arranged at the front side of the shell, an ash storage box is arranged at the bottom of the material feeding door, a display screen and a power knob are fixedly arranged at the front side of the shell, a blower is fixedly arranged on the inner side wall of the bottom of the shell, an air pipe is arranged on the blower, an air inlet is formed in the shunt, the air pipe is connected with the air inlet, a dovetail groove is formed in the inner side wall of the bottom of the shell, a slide bar is fixedly arranged in the bottom of the shell, the ash storage box is installed on the slide bar, fixed mounting has the reposition of redundant personnel post in the shunt, the air outlet has been seted up to the interior limit side of shunt, the interior limit side fixed mounting of shunt has the laying muscle, the grate is in the top of laying the muscle, air inlet channel has been seted up on the grate, a plurality of mouth of blowing has been seted up at the top of grate, the top fixed mounting of grate has a plurality of boss, a plurality of ash falling channel has been seted up at the top of grate, ash falling box is installed through the bolt in the bottom of shunt, the bottom plate is installed through the bolt in the bottom of ash falling box, the slide opening has been seted up on the bottom plate, movable mounting has the fire banking-up plate in the slide opening.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the front side of the housing is fixedly mounted with a universal wheel, and the bottom of the rear side of the housing is fixedly mounted with an orientation wheel.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer side of the grate is fixedly provided with an ash blocking rib.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feeding door is provided with a through hole, the top of the fire sealing plate is fixedly provided with a fire sealing rod, and one end of the fire sealing rod passes through the through hole and extends to the outside of the feeding door.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust pipe is fixedly installed at a position corresponding to the tempering plate on the top of the housing.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of baffle plates are welded on the inner side wall of the insulating layer.

An energy-saving household firewood stove using method based on air combustion supporting comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: before the device is used, perlite and cement concrete are filled in the heat insulation layer, the tempering plate is placed on the heat insulation layer after being filled, and is close to the exhaust pipe, so that heat is not directly exhausted through the exhaust pipe and is exhausted after surrounding the heat insulation layer, the heat utilization is maximized, soil or coarse sand is scattered between the ash blocking ribs and the shunt of the furnace bridge, the sealing effect is achieved, the burning ash is convenient to recycle in order to drop into the ash storage box, and the burning ash is prevented from dropping to other places in the device, so that the device is not convenient to clean;

step two: when the firewood stove is used, a user can conveniently transfer the firewood stove through the universal wheels and the directional wheels which are installed at the bottom of the shell, the user moves the firewood stove to a proper position, then the universal wheels are braked and fixed, then the feeding door is opened, and a comburent is put into the combustion chamber and is ignited;

step three: through the rotatory power knob, start the hair-dryer, the air current passes through air pipe and reachs the shunt, gets into the grate with the air current reposition of redundant personnel through the shunt, gives the grate cooling simultaneously, improves grate life, and after the air current got into straight shape and annular inlet channel, send the combustion chamber with the air current through blowing the mouth, with the abundant burning of burning thing, the firepower will grow rapidly, reaches the fast purpose on fire. By rotating the power knob, watching the display screen to display the power in real time, adjusting the power of the air blower, controlling the air injected into the combustion chamber, namely controlling the firepower in the combustion chamber, and watching the power value in real time through the display screen;

step four: when a user needs a small fire, or has power failure, or when the blower and other elements have faults, the user can rotate the power knob to cut off the power of the blower, open the feeding door and provide outside air, so that a spontaneous combustion mode is realized to provide heat for the household pot, and under normal conditions, the user can switch between the spontaneous combustion mode and the combustion-supporting mode;

step five: after the use, the power knob rotates, with hair-dryer outage stop work, the user impels the board of banking up fire through banking up fire pole, when banking up fire board and bottom plate complete cooperation coincidence, the combustion chamber seals and is in the low oxygen state, can block fire fast, the kitchen ash after the burning passes through the ash falling passageway of grate, in the same direction as the ash falling box, fall into the ash storage box, after using a period, can pull out the kitchen ash that the ash storage box will be saved and pour out, recycle, then install the ash storage box inside the kitchen range through the dovetail.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to an energy-saving household firewood stove device based on air combustion supporting, which comprises an exhaust pipe, a stove chamber, a display screen, a feeding door, a power knob, an ash storage box, universal wheels, a combustion chamber, a tempering plate, a stove bridge, a separation blade, an ash falling box, a blower, a dovetail groove, a sliding rod, an ash blocking rib, a boss, an air blowing opening, an air inlet channel, a bottom plate, a fire sealing rod, an air outlet, a placing rib, a flow divider, a ventilation pipeline, an air inlet, an ash falling channel, a heat insulation layer, a shell, a flow dividing column, a directional wheel and a slide hole.

1. This energy-conserving domestic firewood fire kitchen device based on air is combustion-supporting utilizes heat preservation and tempering plate in the kitchen range, can utilize the maximize with the heat in the combustion chamber, reachs energy-conserving purpose to through grate and shunt with the separation of wind ash, not only can provide sufficient air, also can fine management kitchen ash. Tests show that the device can save about 30% of burning objects under the condition of boiling one pot of water, has an energy-saving function, and is safe and reliable.

2. This energy-conserving domestic firewood fire kitchen device based on air is combustion-supporting can be through the power of adjusting the hair-dryer, and then the firepower size in the control combustion chamber, the kitchen ash after the burning passes through the ash falling channel of grate, in the same direction as ash falling box, fall into in the ash storage box, after using a period, can pull out the kitchen ash that ash storage box will save, carry out recycle, then will store up inside the ash storage box installs the kitchen range through the dovetail, the user of being convenient for handles the kitchen ash, through banking-up plate and bottom plate coincidence, make the combustion chamber be in the low oxygen environment, be convenient for put out a fire.

3. This hair-dryer based on combustion-supporting domestic firewood of air stove device starts the back, and the air current passes through air pipe and reachs the shunt, gets into the grate with the air current reposition of redundant personnel through the shunt, gives the grate cooling simultaneously, improves grate life, and the air current gets into behind straight shape and annular inlet channel, sends the combustion chamber with the air current through blowing the mouth, with the abundant burning of combustion material, the firepower will grow rapidly, reaches the fast purpose of starting a fire.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention after it has been filled with insulation;

FIG. 3 is an overall view of the interior of the range of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an overall view of the hidden housing of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an overall view of the inventive grate;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a grate according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an overall view of the banking mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an overall view of the flow diverter of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the inventive grate and diverter assembly.

Figure 10 is a view of a blower in connection with a diverter according to the invention;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the furnace bridge and flow divider connection of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. an exhaust pipe; 2. a hearth; 3. a display screen; 4. a feeding gate; 5. a power knob; 6. a dust storage box; 7. a universal wheel; 8. a combustion chamber; 9. a tempering plate; 10. a furnace bridge; 11. a baffle plate; 12. a dust falling box; 13. a blower; 14. a dovetail groove; 15. a slide bar; 16. ash blocking ribs; 17. a boss; 18. an air blowing port; 19. an air inlet channel; 20. a base plate; 21. a fire banking plate; 22. a fire sealing rod; 23. an air outlet; 24. placing ribs; 25. a flow divider; 26. a ventilation duct; 27. an air inlet; 28. a dust falling passage; 29. a heat-insulating layer; 30. a housing; 31. a flow-dividing column; 32. a directional wheel; 33. and (4) a slide hole.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1 to 11, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides an energy-conserving domestic firewood fire kitchen device based on air is combustion-supporting, includes shell 30, shunt 25 and grate 10, fixed mounting has hearth 2 in the shell 30, the bottom fixed mounting of hearth 2 has shunt 25, grate 10 installs in shunt 25, be provided with combustion chamber 8 in the hearth 2, fixed mounting has tempering plate 9 on the inside wall of combustion chamber 8, the interior border side of combustion chamber 8 bottom is provided with heat preservation 29, the front side of shell 30 is installed and is sent material door 4, the bottom of sending material door 4 is provided with ash storage box 6, the front side fixed mounting of shell 30 has display screen 3 and power knob 5, fixed mounting has hair-dryer 13 on the inside wall of shell 30 bottom, install air pipe 26 on the hair-dryer 13, air intake 27 has been seted up on the shunt 25, air pipe 26 is connected with air intake 27, the inner side wall of the bottom of the shell 30 is provided with a dovetail groove 14, a sliding rod 15 is fixedly arranged in the bottom of the shell 30, the ash storage box 6 is arranged on the sliding rod 15, a flow dividing column 31 is fixedly arranged in the flow divider 25, an air outlet 23 is arranged at the inner side of the flow divider 25, a placing rib 24 is fixedly arranged at the inner side of the flow divider 25, the furnace bridge 10 is positioned at the top of the placing ribs 24, an air inlet channel 19 is arranged on the furnace bridge 10, the top of the furnace bridge 10 is provided with a plurality of air blowing openings 18, the top of the furnace bridge 10 is fixedly provided with a plurality of bosses 17, a plurality of ash falling channels 28 are arranged at the top of the furnace bridge 10, an ash falling box 12 is arranged at the bottom of the flow divider 25 through bolts, the bottom of the ash falling box 12 is provided with a bottom plate 20 through a bolt, the bottom plate 20 is provided with a slide hole 33, and a fire banking plate 21 is movably arranged in the slide hole 33.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the universal wheel 7 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the front side of the housing 30, and the orientation wheel 32 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the rear side of the housing 30.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an ash blocking rib 16 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the grate 10.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feeding door 4 is provided with a through hole, the top of the fire banking plate 21 is fixedly provided with a fire banking rod 22, and one end of the fire banking rod 22 passes through the through hole and extends to the outside of the feeding door 4.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust pipe 1 is fixedly installed at a position corresponding to the tempering plate 9 on the top of the housing 30.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of baffle plates 11 are welded to the inner side wall of the insulating layer 29.

the method comprises the following steps: before use, perlite and cement concrete are filled in the heat insulation layer 29, the tempering plate 9 is placed on the heat insulation layer 29 after filling, and is close to the exhaust pipe 1, so that heat is not directly exhausted through the exhaust pipe 1 and is exhausted after surrounding the heat insulation layer 29, the heat utilization is maximized, soil or coarse sand is scattered between the ash blocking ribs 16 of the furnace bridge 10 and the flow divider 25, the sealing effect is achieved, the stove ash also falls into the ash storage box 6, the burning ash is convenient to recycle, the stove ash is prevented from falling to other places in the device, and the device is not convenient to clean;

step two: when the portable firewood stove is used, a user can transfer the firewood stove conveniently through the universal wheel 7 and the directional wheel 32 which are installed at the bottom of the shell 30, the user moves the firewood stove to a proper position, then the universal wheel 7 is braked and fixed, then the feeding door 4 is opened, and a combustion object is placed in the combustion chamber 8 and is ignited;

step three: through rotatory power knob 5, start hair-dryer 13, the air current reaches shunt 25 through air pipe 26, gets into grate 10 with the air current reposition of redundant personnel through shunt 25, gives the grate 10 cooling simultaneously, improves grate 10 life, and the air current gets into behind straight shape and annular inlet channel 19, sends the air current to combustion chamber 8 through mouth of blowing 18, with the abundant burning of comburent, the firepower will grow rapidly, reaches the purpose that the fire is fast. By rotating the power knob 5, watching the display screen 3 to display the power in real time, adjusting the power of the blower 13, controlling the air injected into the combustion chamber 8, the firepower in the combustion chamber 8 can be controlled, and the power value can be seen in real time through the display screen 3;

step four: when a user needs a small fire, or power is cut off, or the blower 13 and other elements have faults, the user can rotate the power knob 5 to cut off the power of the blower 13, open the feeding door 4 and provide outside air, so that a spontaneous combustion mode is realized to provide heat for the household pot, and the user can switch between the spontaneous combustion mode and a combustion-supporting mode under normal conditions;

step five: after the use, the power knob 5 rotates, with hair-dryer 13 outage stop work, the user impels the board of banking up fire through banking up fire pole 22, coincide with bottom plate 20 cooperation completely when banking up fire board 21, combustion chamber 8 seals and is in the low oxygen state, can block fire fast, the kitchen ash after the burning passes through the ash falling passageway 28 of grate 10, along ash falling box 12, fall into ash storage box 6, after using a period, can pull out the kitchen ash that ash storage box 6 will store and pour out, recycle, then install ash storage box 6 inside the kitchen range through dovetail 14.

While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the basic principles and essential features of the invention and advantages thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and it is to be understood that all embodiments may be combined as appropriate by one of ordinary skill in the art to form other embodiments as will be apparent to those of skill in the art from the description herein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an energy-conserving domestic firewood fire kitchen device based on air is combustion-supporting, includes shell (30), shunt (25) and grate (10), its characterized in that, fixed mounting has hearth (2) in shell (30), the bottom fixed mounting of hearth (2) has shunt (25), grate (10) are installed in shunt (25), be provided with combustion chamber (8) in hearth (2), fixed mounting has tempering plate (9) on the inside wall of combustion chamber (8), the interior border side of combustion chamber (8) bottom is provided with heat preservation (29), material feeding door (4) are installed to the front side of shell (30), the bottom of material feeding door (4) is provided with ash storage box (6), the front side fixed mounting of shell (30) has display screen (3) and power knob (5), fixed mounting has hair-dryer (13) on the inside wall of shell (30) bottom, install air pipe (26) on hair-dryer (13), air intake (27) have been seted up on shunt (25), air pipe (26) are connected with air intake (27), dovetail (14) have been seted up on the inside wall of shell (30) bottom, fixed mounting has slide bar (15) in the bottom of shell (30), ash storage box (6) is installed on slide bar (15), fixed mounting has reposition of redundant personnel post (31) in shunt (25), air outlet (23) have been seted up to the interior limit side of shunt (25), the interior limit side fixed mounting of shunt (25) has and lays muscle (24), grate (10) are in the top of laying muscle (24), air inlet channel (19) have been seted up on grate (10), a plurality of mouth of blowing (18) have been seted up at the top of grate (10), the top fixed mounting of grate (10) has a plurality of boss (17), the top of grate (10) has been seted up a plurality of and has been fallen grey passageway (28), ash falling box (12) have been installed through the bolt to the bottom of shunt (25), bottom plate (20) have been installed through the bolt to the bottom of ash falling box (12), slide opening (33) have been seted up on bottom plate (20), movable mounting has fire board (21) in slide opening (33), packs pearlite and cement concrete in heat preservation (29), puts tempering board (9) on heat preservation (29) after having filled, power knob (5) are used for controlling the power of hair-dryer (13), display screen (3) are used for showing the power of hair-dryer (13), dovetail (14) and slide bar (15) are all installed in shell (30) bottom, and dovetail (14) are located the upper portion of slide bar (15), air inlet channel (19) set up the side at grate (10), air inlet channel (19) and mouth of blowing (18) intercommunication, the splitter column (31) is communicated with the air outlet (23), and air enters through the splitter column (31), comes out of the air outlet (23), enters the air inlet channel (19) and is blown out of the air blowing port (18).

2. An energy-saving household firewood stove device based on air combustion supporting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom fixed mounting of shell (30) front side has universal wheel (7), the bottom fixed mounting of shell (30) rear side has directional wheel (32).

3. An energy-saving household firewood stove device based on air combustion supporting according to claim 2, characterized in that: and ash blocking ribs (16) are fixedly arranged on the outer side of the furnace bridge (10).

4. An energy-saving household firewood stove device based on air combustion supporting according to claim 3, characterized in that: the feeding door (4) is provided with a through hole, the top of the fire sealing plate (21) is fixedly provided with a fire sealing rod (22), the fire sealing rod (22) is matched with the dovetail groove (14) for use, and one end of the fire sealing rod (22) penetrates through the through hole and extends out of the feeding door (4).

5. The energy-saving household firewood stove device based on air combustion supporting according to claim 4, characterized in that: and an exhaust pipe (1) is fixedly arranged at the position, corresponding to the tempering plate (9), of the top of the shell (30).

6. An energy-saving household firewood stove device based on air combustion supporting according to claim 5, characterized in that: a plurality of baffle plates (11) are welded on the inner side wall of the heat-insulating layer (29).

7. Use of an energy-saving household firewood stove device based on air combustion supporting according to claim 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: before the heat insulation device is used, perlite and cement concrete are filled in the heat insulation layer (29), the tempering plate (9) is placed on the heat insulation layer (29) after the heat insulation layer is filled, and is close to the exhaust pipe (1), so that heat is not directly exhausted through the exhaust pipe (1), the heat is exhausted after surrounding the periphery of the heat insulation layer (29), the heat utilization is maximized, soil or coarse sand is scattered between the ash blocking ribs (16) of the furnace bridge (10) and the flow divider (25), the sealing effect is achieved, the ash falls into the ash storage box (6) for the purpose of cooking ash, the burning ash is convenient to recycle, the cooking ash is prevented from falling to other places in the device, and the device is not convenient to clean;

step two: when the portable firewood stove is used, a user can transfer the firewood stove conveniently through the universal wheels (7) and the directional wheels (32) arranged at the bottom of the shell (30), move the firewood stove to a proper position, brake and fix the universal wheels (7), open the feeding door (4), place a combustion object into the combustion chamber (8) and ignite the combustion object;

step three: the air blower (13) is started by rotating the power knob (5), the air flow reaches the diverter (25) through the ventilation pipeline (26), the air flow is diverted through the diverter (25) and enters the grate (10), meanwhile, the grate (10) is cooled, the service life of the grate (10) is prolonged, after the air flow enters the straight and annular air inlet channel (19), the air flow is sent to the combustion chamber (8) through the air blowing port (18), the combustion objects are fully combusted, the firepower is rapidly increased, the purpose of rapid ignition is achieved, the power is displayed in real time by rotating the power knob (5), the power of the air blower (13) is adjusted, the air injected into the combustion chamber (8) is controlled, the firepower in the combustion chamber (8) can be controlled, and the power value can be seen in real time through the display screen (3);

step four: when a user needs a small fire, or power is cut off, or the blower (13) and other elements have faults, the user can rotate the power knob (5) to cut off the power of the blower (13), open the feeding door (4) and provide outside air, so that a self-ignition mode is realized to provide heat for the household pot, and the user can switch between the self-ignition mode and a combustion-supporting mode under normal conditions;

step five: after the use, rotatory power knob (5), with hair-dryer (13) outage stop work, the user impels fire banking up plate (21) through sealing fire pole (22), coincide with bottom plate (20) complete coordination when fire banking up plate (21), combustion chamber (8) seal and are in the low oxygen state, can seal the fire fast, the kitchen ash after the burning passes through ash falling channel (28) of grate (10), along ash falling box (12), fall into in ash storage box (6), after using a period, can pull out ash storage box (6) and pour out the kitchen ash of storage, recycle, then install ash storage box (6) inside the kitchen range through slide bar (15).