CN114045888B - Displacement monitoring method for concrete support - Google Patents
Displacement monitoring method for concrete support Download PDFInfo
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- CN114045888B CN114045888B CN202111398665.9A CN202111398665A CN114045888B CN 114045888 B CN114045888 B CN 114045888B CN 202111398665 A CN202111398665 A CN 202111398665A CN 114045888 B CN114045888 B CN 114045888B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a displacement monitoring method of a concrete support, which is used for monitoring the concrete support in foundation pit construction, wherein a fixing piece is arranged on the upper surface of the middle position of the concrete support, the fixing piece comprises a bottom plate and a distance meter fixing device, and a laser distance meter is arranged in the distance meter fixing device; a horizontal adjusting device and a leveling pipe are arranged on the bottom plate; the building envelope is provided with a target, and the monitoring method comprises the following steps: and data acquisition, control of the terminal for data calculation and abnormal data alarm. The monitoring method can quickly, intuitively and accurately obtain the horizontal deformation and axial deformation data of the concrete support, thereby realizing the synchronous monitoring of the axial force and the horizontal displacement of the concrete support. The device adopted by the monitoring method can be implemented after concrete support pouring is completed, can be quickly installed and disassembled, can be repeatedly used, and has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a displacement monitoring method for a concrete support, and belongs to the technical field of building construction.
Background
In the foundation ditch construction, mainly there are 2 kinds to the monitoring of foundation ditch concrete support axle power, firstly cut off the main muscle on the concrete support main muscle, welding stress meter or directly weld stress meter on the main muscle, if adopt and cut off the main muscle mode, although monitoring internal force value comparatively accurate, nevertheless support the stress system and suffer destruction, whole support the stress system and have the pressurized destruction possibility, consequently the risk is great, if weld stress meter, although the risk is lower, but the measured value can not really reflect main muscle atress condition credibility and descend. In addition, the welding stress meter method has higher requirement on monitoring and arranging time, the main reinforcement binding is required to be finished, but the concrete is not poured yet, and the installation time is extremely short.
Secondly, 4 strain gauges are arranged on the 4 directions of the supporting surface. The method can be implemented after concrete support pouring, but only the support surface strain condition can be obtained, the accuracy of the method is influenced by the support construction process and the installation method, and the reliability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the displacement monitoring of the concrete support in the prior art, the invention provides the displacement monitoring method of the concrete support, which can improve the measurement precision, is not influenced by the construction process and is convenient to install.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention comprises the following technical scheme:
a displacement monitoring method of a concrete support is used for monitoring the concrete support in foundation pit construction, wherein a building enclosure is arranged in a foundation pit, and two ends of the concrete support are fixed with the building enclosure; a fixing piece is arranged on the upper surface of the middle position of the concrete support, the fixing piece comprises a bottom plate and a distance meter fixing device arranged on the bottom plate, and a laser distance meter is arranged in the distance meter fixing device; a horizontal adjusting device and a leveling pipe are arranged on the bottom plate; a target is arranged on the enclosure structure, a coordinate system and a scale mark are arranged on the target, and the origin of the coordinate system is an irradiation point of a laser line on the enclosure structure when the laser range finder is in an initial horizontal state; a measuring point is arranged right above the origin of the coordinate system;
the displacement monitoring method comprises the following steps:
step one, data acquisition; specifically, the method comprises the following steps of,
obtaining the absolute value Z of the vertical displacement of the measuring point through the nth measurement n And a horizontal displacement value Y n ；
The leveling tube bubble on the bottom plate is centered through the horizontal adjusting device, the bottom plate is in a horizontal state, and the horizontal distance L to the target is measured through the laser range finder n Reading the coordinates (A) of the point of irradiation of the laser line on the target n ，B n )；
Step two, the control terminal carries out data calculation, which specifically comprises,
calculating absolute elevation H at concrete support midpoint n And a relative horizontal position S n And calculating absolute elevation variation delta H and relative horizontal position variation delta S compared with the monitoring data of the (n-1) th time;
calculating concrete supporting axial forceF n ；
Step three, the abnormal data alarm specifically comprises,
when the delta S and the delta H exceed the allowable values, the alarm device sends out first warning information;
when F is present n And when the allowable value is exceeded, the alarm device sends out second warning information.
Further, when the alarm device sends out the first warning information, the following checks need to be performed:
when the alarm device sends out the first warning information, the following check needs to be carried out:
checking whether the fixing piece is firmly installed or not, and fastening if not firmly installed;
checking whether the fixing piece is in a horizontal state or not by observing bubbles of the horizontal observation tube, and leveling if the fixing piece is not in a horizontal state;
checking whether the fixation of the range finder is stable or not, and if not, enabling the range finder to be stable and fixed;
if the situations are all abnormal, the concrete support is obviously deformed, attention needs to be paid, and the data acquisition frequency is enhanced.
Further, when the alarm device sends out the second warning information, the following check needs to be performed:
when the alarm device sends out the first warning information, the following check needs to be carried out:
checking whether the fixing piece is firmly installed or not, and fastening if not firmly installed;
checking whether the fixing piece is in a horizontal state or not by observing bubbles of the horizontal observation tube, and leveling if the fixing piece is not in the horizontal state;
checking whether the fixation of the distance measuring instrument is stable or not, and if not, fixing the distance measuring instrument stably;
and if the situations are all abnormal, immediately reinforcing the concrete support.
Furthermore, the range finder fixing device comprises a side protection plate and a rear cover plate, and the rear cover plate is connected with the side protection plate in a plugging mode; the laser range finder is arranged in the enclosed area of the rear cover plate and the side protection plate.
Furthermore, the horizontal adjusting device comprises a screw rod and an adjusting nut, wherein 1 through hole is respectively arranged at each of four corners on the bottom plate, the screw rod is preset on the concrete support or the screw rod is implanted at the later stage, the adjusting nut is arranged on the screw rod, the through hole of the bottom plate is sleeved on the screw rod and is supported on the adjusting nut, and the adjusting nut is used for adjusting the included angle between the bottom plate and the horizontal plane.
Furthermore, the horizontal adjusting device is a screw rod, a fixing hole is formed in the concrete support, and the screw rod is inserted into the fixing hole;
four angles on the bottom plate are respectively provided with 1 through hole, the through holes of the bottom plate are provided with threads matched with the screw rods, and the bottom plate can be lowered or lifted by rotating the screw rods so as to adjust the included angle between the bottom plate and the horizontal plane.
Further, the laser range finder transmits the acquired data to the control terminal;
an image acquisition device is arranged at the target, and is used for acquiring the laser line irradiation point image on the target, transmitting the laser line irradiation point image to the control terminal and identifying the coordinates of the irradiation point by the control terminal; or the image recognition device recognizes the image collected by the image collection device and sends the recognized irradiation point coordinates to the control terminal.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: the displacement monitoring method for the concrete support can quickly, intuitively and accurately obtain the horizontal deformation and axial deformation data of the concrete support, thereby realizing the synchronous monitoring of the axial force and the horizontal displacement of the concrete support. The device adopted by the monitoring method can be implemented after concrete support pouring is finished, can be quickly installed and disassembled, can be repeatedly used, and has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a fixture, a leveling device, and a laser rangefinder in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a fixture, leveling device, laser rangefinder in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a target in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a block flow diagram of a displacement monitoring method for a concrete support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The numbers in the figures are as follows:
10-a fixing member; 11-a base plate; 12-a rangefinder fixture; 13-a level tube; 20-level adjustment means; 30-laser rangefinder; 40-target.
Detailed Description
The following describes a concrete support displacement monitoring method according to the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent in conjunction with the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a concrete support displacement monitoring system including a fixing member 10, a leveling device 20, a laser range finder 30, a target 40, and a pin (not shown).
The fixing member 10 includes a base plate 11 and a range finder fixing device 12 provided on the base plate 11, and the base plate 11 is provided on an upper surface of a middle position of the concrete support. The bottom plate 11 is provided with a leveling tube 13, and the leveling tube 13 is used for assisting the leveling device 20 to level the bottom plate 11. The range finder fixing device 12 is used for fixing the laser range finder 30, for example, the range finder fixing device 12 includes a side protection plate and a rear cover plate, and the rear cover plate is connected with the side protection plate in a plug-in manner; the laser range finder 30 is arranged in an area enclosed by the rear cover plate and the side protection plate. The laser range finder 30 is provided with a display panel for displaying the measurement result. The size of fixture 10 is designed according to the size of laser range finder 30 to ensure that the size of laser range finder 30 matches the space contained by range finder fixture 12. The connection of back shroud and lateral part guard plate adopts the spout structure.
The leveling device 20 is used to level the bottom plate 11 of the fixing member 10. For example, the leveling device 20 includes a screw rod and an adjusting nut, wherein 1 through hole is respectively disposed at four corners of the bottom plate 11, the concrete support is preset with the screw rod or is implanted with the screw rod at a later stage, the screw rod is provided with the adjusting nut, the through hole of the bottom plate 11 is sleeved on the screw rod and is supported on the adjusting nut, an included angle between the bottom plate 11 and a horizontal plane can be adjusted through the adjusting nut, and when the air bubble of the leveling tube 13 is centered, the bottom plate 11 is leveled. The screw rod can be further provided with a fixing nut, the fixing nut is positioned above the adjusting nut, and the fixing nut and the adjusting nut can clamp the bottom plate 11 to fix the bottom plate 11. Of course, it is also possible to drill a hole in the concrete support, insert a screw, provide a through hole in the bottom plate 11 with a thread matching the thread of the screw, and rotate the screw to lower or raise the bottom plate 11, thereby adjusting the angle of the bottom plate 11 with respect to the horizontal plane.
The target 40 can be made of target reflective paper and is adhered to the enclosure structure, a two-position coordinate system is arranged on the target 40, the X axis is parallel to the foundation pit enclosure structure, the Y axis is perpendicular to the foundation pit enclosure structure, and scale values and scale lines are arranged along the X axis and the Y axis. After concrete support pouring is finished and concrete is solidified, the fixing piece 10 and the laser range finder 30 are installed, when the laser range finder 30 is in a horizontal state, the laser range finder 30 is started, a laser irradiation point on the enclosure structure is used as an original point of the target 40 and is adhered to the target 40, and the horizontal state of the laser range finder 30 when the target 40 is set is called as an initial horizontal state.
The measuring point is used for measuring whether the building envelope sinks or generates horizontal displacement. By way of example, a survey pin is placed at the top of the building envelope directly above the origin of the target 40 as a survey point. And monitoring the change of the measuring point through a total station.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a method for installing a displacement monitoring system for a concrete support, which is further described with reference to the first embodiment and fig. 1 to 3.
The installation method comprises the following steps:
step one, after the concrete support is poured and the surface is hardened, installing a fixing piece 10 on the upper surface of the middle position of the support structure. The fixing member 10 may be installed by embedding or implanting bolts.
By way of example, the later stage of implanting the bolt for fixing comprises the following steps: (1) According to the position of the through hole on the bottom plate 11 of the fixing piece 10, a hole is drilled on the concrete support by using an electric brick, and the direction of the fixing piece 10 is ensured to be parallel to the concrete support during drilling; (2) The expansion pipe is plugged in, and the fixing piece 10 is fixed on the concrete beam by using an expansion bolt; (3) By observing the position of the air bubble of the horizontal observation tube, the inclination angle of the fixing member 10 is adjusted by the horizontal adjusting device 20, so that the fixing member 10 is ensured to be in a horizontal state.
And step two, installing the laser range finder 30 in the fixing piece 10. The display screen of the laser range finder 30 faces upward, so that the measurement data of the laser range finder 30 can be observed conveniently.
And step three, enabling the bottom plate 11 of the fixing piece 10 to be in a horizontal state through the horizontal adjusting device 20, enabling the laser range finder 30 to be in a horizontal state, starting the laser range finder 30, enabling the laser line to irradiate on the enclosure structure, setting the target 40, and enabling the origin of the target 40 to coincide with the irradiation point of the laser line.
And step four, setting a measuring point on the maintenance structure right above the origin of the target 40. By way of example, test nails can be driven as measuring points at the top of the maintenance structure. The target 40 is provided with a two-dimensional coordinate system, the X axis is parallel to the foundation pit support structure, and the Y axis is perpendicular to the foundation pit support structure.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment provides a displacement monitoring method for a concrete support, which is further described below with reference to the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the accompanying fig. 1 to 4.
The monitoring method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, data acquisition, specifically comprising:
obtaining the absolute value Z of the vertical displacement of the measuring point through the nth measurement n And a horizontal displacement value Y n ；
The leveling tube 13 on the bottom plate 11 is bubble-centered through the level adjusting device 20, and the bottom plate 11 is in a horizontal state;
measuring the horizontal distance L to the target 40 by means of the laser distance measuring device 30 n Reading the illumination of the laser line on the target 40Coordinates of the shot point (A) n ，B n )。
Step two, the control terminal performs data calculation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating absolute elevation H at concrete support midpoint n And a relative horizontal position S n (ii) a Wherein S is n ＝A n ，H n ＝Y n -H a +B n ；H a The distance between the measuring point and the coordinate origin of the target 40; calculating absolute elevation variation delta H and relative horizontal position variation delta S compared with the monitoring data of the (n-1) th time; wherein Δ S = S n -S n-1 ＝A n -A n-1 ，ΔH＝H n -H n-1 ＝Y n -Y n-1 +B n -B n-1 ；
Calculating the supporting axial force F of the supporting concrete n And an axial force variation amount Δ F, wherein F n ＝F cn +F sn ＝E c A c ε cn +E s A s ε sn ＝(E c A c +E s A s )×ΔL/L 1 ；ΔF＝F n -F n-1 ；ΔL＝L n -L 1 (ii) a Wherein, F n 、F n-1 Respectively monitoring the accumulated variation of the axial force of the concrete support at the nth time, monitoring the accumulated variation of the axial force of the concrete support at the (n-1) th time, wherein delta F is the variation of the axial force of the concrete support monitored at the nth time and the variation of the axial force monitored at the (n-1) th time, and E c 、E s Respectively, the concrete elastic modulus, the reinforcing steel bar elastic modulus, A s Is the total cross section of a vertical stressed steel bar in a concrete support A c Is the concrete cross-sectional area, L, of the concrete support n 、L 1 Respectively an nth monitoring distance and a first monitoring distance; epsilon cn 、ε sn For concrete and rebar strains in the nth monitoring, F cn Concrete axial force in nth monitoring, F sn And (5) monitoring the axial force of the reinforcing steel bar in the nth monitoring. Wherein A is s ＝KA 1 K is the number of vertically stressed steel bars, A 1 Is the cross section area of a single reinforcing steel bar, A c ＝A-A s And A is the total cross-sectional area of the concrete support.
It should be noted that the data calculation is performed by using a control terminal, and the control terminal may be a computer, a mobile phone, or a dedicated device. And (4) inputting the data acquired in the step one into a control terminal, automatically performing the calculation and displaying a calculation structure. Further, the laser range finder 30 transmits the acquired data to the control terminal, an image acquisition device is arranged at the target 40, the laser line irradiation point image on the target 40 is acquired and transmitted to the control terminal, the control terminal identifies the coordinates of the irradiation point, or the image acquisition device identifies the image acquired by the image acquisition device, and the identified coordinates of the irradiation point are transmitted to the control terminal.
Step three, abnormal data alarm specifically comprises the following steps:
when the delta S and the delta H exceed the allowable values, the alarm device sends out first warning information;
when F is present n And when the allowable value is exceeded, the alarm device sends out second warning information.
When the alarm device sends out the first warning information, the following check needs to be carried out: checking whether the fixing piece 10 is firmly installed or not, and if not, fastening; checking whether the fixing piece 10 is in a horizontal state or not by observing bubbles of the horizontal observation tube, and leveling if not; whether the inspection distancer is fixed firm, if unstable make the distancer firm fixed, for example accessible stopper packing ring etc. mode ensure the chucking. If the situations are all abnormal, the concrete support is obviously deformed, and important attention needs to be paid, such as enhancing the data acquisition frequency and reinforcing the concrete support when necessary.
When the alarm device sends out second warning information, firstly, checking is carried out according to the situation of the first warning information, if the checking is abnormal, the concrete supporting axial force is really beyond the preset value, and reinforcement treatment is required to be carried out immediately.
It should be noted that the first warning information may be sound and light information, or may be text prompt information; the second warning information can be distinguished from the first warning information, for example, different sounds, different colors or different characters are adopted.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A displacement monitoring method of a concrete support is used for monitoring the concrete support in foundation pit construction, wherein a building enclosure is arranged in a foundation pit, and two ends of the concrete support are fixed with the building enclosure; the concrete support is characterized in that a fixing piece is arranged on the upper surface of the middle position of the concrete support, the fixing piece comprises a bottom plate and a distance meter fixing device arranged on the bottom plate, and a laser distance meter is arranged in the distance meter fixing device; a horizontal adjusting device and a leveling pipe are arranged on the bottom plate; a target is arranged on the enclosure structure, a coordinate system and a scale mark are arranged on the target, and the origin of the coordinate system is an irradiation point of a laser line on the enclosure structure when the laser range finder is in an initial horizontal state; a measuring point is arranged right above the origin of the coordinate system;
the displacement monitoring method comprises the following steps:
step one, data acquisition; specifically, the method comprises the following steps of,
obtaining the absolute value Z of the vertical displacement of the measuring point through the nth measurement n And a horizontal displacement value Y n ；
The leveling tube bubble on the bottom plate is centered through the horizontal adjusting device, the bottom plate is in a horizontal state, and the horizontal distance L to the target is measured through the laser range finder n Reading the coordinates (A) of the point of irradiation of the laser line on the target n ，B n ）；
Step two, the control terminal carries out data calculation, which specifically comprises,
calculating absolute elevation H at concrete support midpoint n And a relative horizontal position S n And calculating absolute elevation variation delta H and relative horizontal position variation delta S compared with the monitoring data of the (n-1) th time;
calculating the supporting axial force F of the supporting concrete n And an axial force variation amount Δ F, wherein F n =F cn +F sn =E c A c ε cn + E s A s ε sn =(E c A c +E s A s )×ΔL/ L 1 ；ΔF= F n -F n-1 ；ΔL=L n -L 1 (ii) a Wherein, F n 、F n-1 Respectively monitoring the accumulated variation of the axial force of the concrete support at the nth time, monitoring the accumulated variation of the axial force of the concrete support at the (n-1) th time, wherein delta F is the variation of the axial force of the concrete support monitored at the nth time and the variation of the axial force monitored at the (n-1) th time, and E c 、E s Respectively, the concrete elastic modulus, the reinforcing steel bar elastic modulus, A s Is the total cross section of a vertical stressed steel bar in a concrete support A c Is the concrete cross-sectional area, L, of the concrete support n 、L 1 Respectively an nth monitoring distance and a first monitoring distance; epsilon cn 、ε sn For concrete and reinforcement strain in the nth monitoring, F cn Concrete axial force in nth monitoring, F sn Monitoring the axial force of the steel bar in the nth time; wherein, A s =KA 1 K is the number of vertically stressed steel bars, A 1 Is the cross section area of a single reinforcing steel bar, A c =A-A s A is the total cross-sectional area of the concrete support;
step three, the abnormal data alarm specifically comprises,
when the delta S and the delta H exceed the allowable values, the alarm device sends out first warning information;
when F is n And when the allowable value is exceeded, the alarm device sends out second warning information.
2. A method of monitoring the displacement of a concrete support according to claim 1,
when the alarm device sends out the first warning information, the following checks need to be carried out:
checking whether the fixing piece is firmly installed or not, and fastening if the fixing piece is not firmly installed;
checking whether the fixing piece is in a horizontal state or not by observing bubbles of the horizontal observation tube, and leveling if the fixing piece is not in the horizontal state;
checking whether the fixation of the range finder is stable or not, and if not, enabling the range finder to be stable and fixed;
if the situations are all abnormal, the concrete support is obviously deformed, attention needs to be paid, and the data acquisition frequency is enhanced.
3. A method of monitoring displacement of a concrete support according to claim 2,
when the alarm device sends out the first warning information, the following check needs to be carried out:
checking whether the fixing piece is firmly installed or not, and fastening if not firmly installed;
checking whether the fixing piece is in a horizontal state or not by observing bubbles of the horizontal observation tube, and leveling if the fixing piece is not in a horizontal state;
checking whether the fixation of the distance measuring instrument is stable or not, and if not, fixing the distance measuring instrument stably;
and if the situations are all abnormal, immediately reinforcing the concrete support.
4. A method of monitoring the displacement of a concrete support according to claim 1,
the range finder fixing device comprises a side protection plate and a rear cover plate, and the rear cover plate is connected with the side protection plate in a plugging mode; the laser range finder is arranged in the enclosed area of the rear cover plate and the side protection plate.
5. A method of monitoring displacement of a concrete support according to claim 1,
the horizontal adjusting device comprises a screw rod and an adjusting nut, wherein 1 through hole is respectively formed in each of four corners of the bottom plate, the screw rod or a later-stage implantation screw rod is preset on the concrete support, the adjusting nut is arranged on the screw rod, the through hole of the bottom plate is sleeved on the screw rod and supported on the adjusting nut, and the adjusting nut is used for adjusting the included angle between the bottom plate and the horizontal plane.
6. A method of monitoring the displacement of a concrete support according to claim 1,
the horizontal adjusting device is a screw rod, a fixing hole is formed in the concrete support, and the screw rod is inserted into the fixing hole;
four corners on the bottom plate respectively set up 1 through-hole, and the through-hole of bottom plate is provided with the screw thread that matches with the screw rod, through rotating the screw rod, can make the bottom plate descend or lifting for adjust the bottom plate with the horizontal plane contained angle.
7. A method of monitoring the displacement of a concrete support according to claim 1,
the laser range finder transmits the acquired data to the control terminal;
an image acquisition device is arranged at the target, and is used for acquiring the laser line irradiation point image on the target, transmitting the laser line irradiation point image to the control terminal and identifying the coordinates of the irradiation point by the control terminal; or the image recognition device recognizes the image collected by the image collection device and sends the recognized irradiation point coordinates to the control terminal.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5325702A (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-07-05 | Funderingstechnieken Verstraeten B.V. | Machine and method for determining the load capacity of foundation piles |
| DE19506180C1 (en) * | 1995-02-09 | 1996-06-05 | Geso Ges Fuer Sensorik Geotech | Process for checking and monitoring the condition of dikes, dams, weirs or the like |
| CN104634785A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-20 | 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司 | Novel concrete plane crack prediction, evaluation and graphical output method |
| CN105572027B (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2019-02-19 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Concrete cracking whole process simulation testing machine |
| CN110006674B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2021-01-26 | 南京工程学院 | Monitoring method for critical instability real-time early warning of high formwork system |
| CN214116738U (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-09-03 | 北京方圆恒通勘测设计有限公司 | Foundation pit deformation automatic monitoring device |
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