CN114045034A - Composite flexoelectric material with preset and locked net charge enhanced flexoelectric effect - Google Patents
Composite flexoelectric material with preset and locked net charge enhanced flexoelectric effect Download PDFInfo
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- 229920002595 Dielectric elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polydimethylsiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite flexoelectric material with preset and locked net charge enhanced flexoelectric effect, which comprises a dielectric elastomer substrate with a cross-linked network and nanoparticles which are implanted in the dielectric elastomer substrate and can carry net charge. After the dielectric elastomer is filled with the nano-particles with the characteristic size slightly larger than the size of the cross-linked grids, the size of the cross-linked grids of the filled nano-particles is enlarged to generate local initial dipole moment with the surrounding original grids. The local dipole moment can be enhanced by a direct current polarized charged nanoparticle. When the material is deformed to generate a macroscopic strain gradient, local dipole moments constructed by the charged nanoparticles and the material matrix generate a superposed macroscopic electric polarization response inside the material to enhance the flexoelectric effect of the material. Experiments prove that the method for enhancing the flexoelectric effect by utilizing the internal dipole moment of the electric polarization enhancing material can improve the flexoelectric coefficient of the dielectric elastomer material by two orders of magnitude.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a force-electricity coupling functional material, in particular to a composite flexoelectric material with preset and locked net charge enhanced flexoelectric effect.
Background
The flexoelectric effect is an electric polarization phenomenon caused by non-uniform strain (strain gradient), and is a novel force-electricity coupling effect. The flexoelectric effect theoretically exists in all dielectric materials, including ceramic crystals, high molecular polymers, liquid crystal materials, dielectric elastomers, and the like. The method has the advantages of wide material selectivity, high temperature adaptability, scale effect and the like.
Considering that the flexoelectric effect has low electrical conversion efficiency and small coupling response, and soft materials have attracted much attention in the research of the flexoelectric effect due to the advantages of biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, large deformability and the like. The flexoelectric effect based on soft materials is generally lower than that of other materials such as ceramics. Therefore, the improvement of the flexoelectric effect of the soft material has an important significance for improving the efficiency of related devices.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a composite flexoelectric material with a preset and locked net charge enhanced flexoelectric effect. The flexoelectric effect of the composite flexoelectric material is improved by two orders of magnitude.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
presetting and locking a composite flexoelectric material with a net charge enhanced flexoelectric effect, implanting nanoparticles 3 capable of carrying net charges 4 inside into a dielectric elastomer substrate 1 with a cross-linked network 2, and capturing and constraining the nanoparticles 3 carrying the net charges 4 in the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 by the cross-linked network 2 to form the composite flexoelectric material; a local strain gradient is formed between the cross-linked network 2 expanded by the nano-particles 3 and the cross-linked network 2 not expanded around the cross-linked network to generate an initial dipole moment; the net charge 4 further increases the initial dipole moment; when the composite flexoelectric material is macroscopically subjected to a strain gradient, the generated initial dipole moments cannot be mutually counteracted to provide a superposed electric polarization effect on the basis of the flexural electric polarization of the original dielectric elastomer substrate 1, so that the effect of enhancing the flexoelectric effect of the composite flexoelectric material is achieved.
The method for carrying the net charge 4 by the nano-particles 3 is that the net charge 4 is carried in the nano-particles 3 after the composite flexoelectric material is electrically polarized.
The size of the cross-linked network 2 in the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 can be regulated, and the material of the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 adopts polydimethylsiloxane PDMS or butadiene rubber BR.
The nanoparticles 3 should have a characteristic dimension greater than the characteristic dimension of the crosslinked network 2 of the dielectric elastomer 1 but not exceeding the capturable dimension of the crosslinked network 2 in the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 in order to be captured to enlarge the crosslinked network 2, to build up an initial strain gradient, to form a local initial dipole moment.
The nano-particles 3 carrying the net charges 4 have stronger trapping capacity to the charges and certain persistence of the charge carrying capacity, and the nano-particles 3 are made of silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide with stronger trapping capacity to negative charges.
The preparation method of the composite flexoelectric material comprises the following steps of dissolving the nano-particles 3 in an organic solvent to form a solution, fully mixing the solution and the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 according to the mass percent of 0.5-5 per mill of the nano-particles 3 in the dielectric elastomer 1, pouring the mixture into a mold, and curing the mixture for 8-24 hours at 40-80 ℃ after the organic solvent is volatilized to remove bubbles; then, DC electric polarization is carried out for 20 to 30 minutes at a temperature of 100 to 200 ℃ with a polarization field strength of 1 to 3 MV/m.
The dielectric elastomer substrate 1 in which the nanoparticles 3 carrying the net charge 4 are implanted has stretchability, and the local initial dipole moment in the vicinity of the nanoparticles 3 is modulated by unidirectional or bidirectional stretching.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention improves the flexoelectric coefficient of the composite flexoelectric material by two orders of magnitude by implanting nanoparticles which can carry electric charges inside into a dielectric elastomer substrate with a cross-linked network.
2) The nano-particle material used in the invention has wide selection range, and different materials have different charge capturing capability.
3) The dielectric elastomer with the nano particles is cheap in raw materials, has stretchability, and has a regulating effect on the flexoelectric effect of the material.
In summary, the present invention achieves two orders of magnitude enhancement in enhancing the flexoelectric effect of a dielectric elastomer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite flexoelectric material according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of experimental verification of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
First, it is illustrated that the cross-linked network and the nano-electret particles in fig. 1 are not true sizes, but rather schematic diagrams magnified several times, the geometric dimensions of the cross-linked network tend to be on the nanometer to micrometer scale, while the dimensions of the nano-electret particles also tend to be on the 5-100 nanometer scale.
As shown in FIG. 1, the composite flexoelectric material for presetting and locking the net charge enhanced flexoelectric effect is characterized in that nanoparticles 3 capable of carrying net charges 4 inside are implanted into a dielectric elastomer substrate 1 with a cross-linked network 2, and the nanoparticles 3 carrying the net charges 4 are captured by the cross-linked network 2 and are bound in the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 to form the composite flexoelectric material. The initial dipole moment is generated by the local strain gradient formed between the cross-linked network 2 that is supported by the nanoparticles 3 and the surrounding non-supported cross-linked network 2. After the flexoelectric material has been electrically polarized, the nanoparticles 3 are implanted with a net charge 4. The net charge 4 further increases the initial dipole moment; when the composite flexoelectric material is macroscopically subjected to a strain gradient, the generated initial dipole moments cannot be mutually counteracted to provide a superposed electric polarization effect on the basis of the flexural electric polarization of the original dielectric elastomer substrate 1, so that the effect of enhancing the flexoelectric effect of the composite flexoelectric material is achieved.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the size of the crosslinked network 2 in the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 can be controlled, and the material of the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 is polydimethylsiloxane PDMS or butadiene rubber BR.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nanoparticles 3 should have a characteristic dimension greater than the characteristic dimension of the crosslinked network 2 of the dielectric elastomer 1, but not exceeding the capturable dimension of the crosslinked network 2 in the dielectric elastomer substrate 1, so as to be captured to enlarge the crosslinked network 2, to build up an initial strain gradient, forming a local initial dipole moment.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nanoparticles 3 carrying the net charges 4 have a strong charge-trapping ability and a certain durability of the charge-carrying ability, and the nanoparticles 3 are made of silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide, etc. having a strong negative charge-trapping ability.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite flexoelectric material is prepared by dissolving the nanoparticles 3 in an organic solvent, mixing the solution with the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 in a ratio (the mass percentage of the nanoparticles to the dielectric elastomer substrate is 2 ‰) and thoroughly mixing, pouring the mixture into a mold, and curing the mixture at 60 ℃ for 24 hours after the organic solvent is volatilized to remove bubbles. Then, DC electric polarization was carried out at a temperature of 150 ℃ for 30 minutes at a polarization field strength of 3 MV/m.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric elastomer substrate 1 implanted with the nanoparticles 3 carrying the net charge 4 has stretchability, and the local initial dipole moment in the vicinity of the nanoparticles 3 can be manipulated by unidirectional or bidirectional stretching.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention. The flexoelectric effect of a common dielectric elastomer (without nanoparticle filling) is shown in fig. 2 (a-c). The arrangement of the cross-linked network formed by the macromolecular chains under the constraint action of the cross-linking agent in the dielectric elastomer can be equivalent to a cubic structure, wherein the edges of the cube are the molecular chains of the elastomer and the vertexes are cross-linked joints. In addition, the crosslink density of the material determines the size of the crosslinked network. The two-dimensional structure of the single cross-linked grid is seen to be a square structure, as shown in fig. 2(a) and (b). When the material is subjected to a bending moment, resulting in a curvature k, only the two chains in the transverse direction are subjected to a bending moment in fig. 2(c), thereby generating a local dipole moment and causing polarization. The macroscopic electric polarization P of the material is the sum of dipole moments per unit volume and can be expressed as:
where q, d, and V are the charge amount of a single dipole, the distance between the positive and negative charge centers, and the total volume, respectively. The flexoelectric effect of the material at this time can be expressed as:
wherein mu0Is the flexoelectric coefficient of the dielectric elastomer without the nanoparticles.
After the material is filled with the net charged nanoparticles, the nanoparticles are trapped inside the cross-linked lattice. First, the size of the cross-linked network of the filled nanoparticles is forced to be enlarged, as shown in fig. 2 (d). From a two-dimensional perspective, the cross-linked grid is supported by the spherical nanoparticles, and the structure of the cross-linked grid can be equivalent to a square grid with an elongated side length, and a local strain gradient k is generated between the adjacent four grids with the original length maintained0To generate an initial dipole moment qd0Wherein q and d0The charge of the equivalent dipole in the single grid of the dielectric elastomer and the distance between the positive and negative charge centers of the dipole in the initial condition are respectively. Under the influence of charged nanoparticles, the initial dipole moment can be expressed as:
p0＝(q+qe)d0 (3)
wherein q iseIs the increment of the charge of the charged nanoparticles to the dipole. As shown in fig. 2 (e). In the case of macroscopic unloading, this initial dipole moment is not macroscopically electrically conductive due to the cancellation of the four directions.
When a bending moment is applied to the material to generate the same curvature k, the strain gradient change shown in fig. 2(f) is generated in the four directions of the nanoparticles, and at this time, the asymmetry of the strain gradient provides additional polarization strength on the original basis to enhance the flexoelectric effect of the dielectric elastomer. Thus, the equivalent flexoelectric effect of a dielectric elastomer filled with charged nanoparticles can be expressed as
Where w is the concentration coefficient of the nanoparticles and a is the dimension of the side length of the cross-linked grid. Equivalent flexoelectric coefficient mu1Can be expressed as
Due to a to 10-9m, ak-0, finding sin ak ≈ ak. Therefore, equation (5) can be simplified to:
thus, the flexoelectric coefficient of the dielectric elastomer doped with nanoparticles that can be charged, the concentration coefficient w of the nanoparticles, and the equivalent charge q of the nanoparticleseThe grid size of the dielectric elastomer and the initial strain gradient k created by the confinement of the nanoparticles in the dielectric elastomer1And (4) correlating. While the initial strain gradient can be manipulated by applying pre-tension to the material.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the experimental verification that the flexoelectric coefficient of a dielectric elastomer doped with polarized charged particles is improved by two orders of magnitude.
Claims (7)
1. The composite flexoelectric material is characterized in that nanoparticles (3) capable of carrying net charges (4) inside are implanted into a dielectric elastomer substrate (1) with a cross-linked network (2), and the nanoparticles (3) carrying the net charges (4) are captured by the cross-linked network (2) and bound in the dielectric elastomer substrate (1) to form the composite flexoelectric material; a local strain gradient is formed between the cross-linked network (2) which is supported by the nano-particles (3) and the cross-linked network (2) which is not supported around the cross-linked network to generate an initial dipole moment; the net charge (4) further increases the initial dipole moment; when the composite flexoelectric material is macroscopically subjected to a strain gradient, the generated initial dipole moments cannot be mutually counteracted to provide a superposed electric polarization effect on the basis of the flexural electric polarization of the original dielectric elastomer substrate (1), so that the effect of enhancing the flexoelectric effect of the composite flexoelectric material is achieved.
2. The composite flexoelectric material of claim 1, wherein the net charge pre-set and locked-up enhances flexoelectric effect, wherein: the method for carrying the net charges (4) by the nano particles (3) is that the net charges (4) are carried in the nano particles (3) after the composite flexoelectric material is electrically polarized.
3. The composite flexoelectric material of claim 1, wherein the net charge pre-set and locked-up enhances flexoelectric effect, wherein: the size of the cross-linking network (2) in the dielectric elastomer substrate (1) can be regulated, and the material of the dielectric elastomer substrate (1) adopts polydimethylsiloxane PDMS or butadiene rubber BR.
4. The composite flexoelectric material of claim 1, wherein the net charge pre-set and locked-up enhances flexoelectric effect, wherein: the nanoparticles (3) should have a characteristic dimension greater than the characteristic dimension of the crosslinked network (2) of the dielectric elastomer (1) but not exceeding the capturable dimension of the crosslinked network (2) in the dielectric elastomer substrate (1) so as to be captured and enlarged to the crosslinked network (2) to build up an initial strain gradient, forming a local initial dipole moment.
5. The composite flexoelectric material of claim 1, wherein the net charge pre-set and locked-up enhances flexoelectric effect, wherein: the nano-particles (3) carrying the net charges (4) have stronger trapping capacity to the charges and certain persistence of the charge carrying capacity, and the nano-particles (3) are made of silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide with stronger trapping capacity to negative charges.
6. The composite flexoelectric material of claim 1, wherein the net charge pre-set and locked-up enhances flexoelectric effect, wherein: the preparation method of the composite flexoelectric material comprises the following steps of dissolving the nano particles (3) in an organic solvent to form a solution, fully mixing the solution with the dielectric elastomer substrate (1) according to the mass percent of 0.5-5 per mill of the nano particles (3) in the dielectric elastomer substrate (1), pouring the mixture into a mold, and curing the mixture for 8-24 hours at 40-80 ℃ after the organic solvent volatilizes and removes bubbles; then, DC electric polarization is carried out at 100 to 200 ℃ for 20 to 30 minutes at a polarization field strength of 1 to 3 MV/m.
7. The composite flexoelectric material of claim 1, wherein the net charge pre-set and locked-up enhances flexoelectric effect, wherein: the dielectric elastomer substrate (1) implanted with the nanoparticles (3) carrying the net charge (4) has stretchability, and the local initial dipole moment in the vicinity of the nanoparticles (3) is modulated by unidirectional or bidirectional stretching.
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| CN114685187A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-01 | 中山大学 | Method for improving equivalent flexoelectric response of composite ceramic |
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| CN113108953A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-13 | 山东大学 | Flexible microcapsule piezoelectric sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN113214648A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-08-06 | 上海大学 | High-performance giant electrorheological elastomer and preparation and test methods thereof |
| JP2021129894A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-09-09 | 学校法人東京工芸大学 | Electric field deformation elastomer |
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| CN102604387A (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-07-25 | 合肥工业大学 | Anisotropic conductive rubber and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220215 |