CN114044604A - Landfill leachate treatment system and method based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane - Google Patents

Landfill leachate treatment system and method based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane Download PDF

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CN114044604A
CN114044604A CN202111164892.5A CN202111164892A CN114044604A CN 114044604 A CN114044604 A CN 114044604A CN 202111164892 A CN202111164892 A CN 202111164892A CN 114044604 A CN114044604 A CN 114044604A
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宋娜
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
    • C02F5/02—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
    • C02F5/02—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
    • C02F5/06—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness using calcium compounds

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering, and discloses a garbage percolation treatment system and a treatment method based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and a biological membrane. When the garbage leachate is treated by the garbage leachate treatment system provided by the invention, a large amount of solid particles, more than 95% of heavy metal ions, part of CODCr, BOD5 and chromaticity of the garbage leachate are removed by a coagulating sedimentation device, and the filtrate after coagulating sedimentation and hardness removal passes through a primary electrolytic denitrification device, a biological membrane treatment device, a secondary electrolytic purification device and a secondary coagulating sedimentation device, so that the discharge standard of the table 2 of the municipal solid waste landfill pollutant control standard (GB16889-2008) is completely met, and no concentrated solution exists.

Description

Landfill leachate treatment system and method based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering, particularly relates to a system and a method for treating landfill leachate, and particularly relates to a method for treating landfill leachate with low cost and good effect.
Background
Landfill leachate is a high-concentration organic landfill leachate which is difficult to treat and mainly comes from the following three aspects: 1. natural rainfall and runoff in the landfill; 2. the water contained in the waste itself; 3. water produced by anaerobic decomposition of microorganisms after landfills. Wherein precipitation in the landfill is the main source. The water quality of the landfill leachate has the following basic characteristics:
(1) high concentration of pollutants, CODCrThe concentration is 1000-30000 mg/L, BOD5The concentration is 300-20000 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1000-5000 mg/L, and most of the ammonia nitrogen concentration is dozens to hundreds of times of the national emission standard of industrial pollutants, and because of the inhibition effect of high ammonia nitrogen on microorganisms, the biochemical treatment is difficult.
(2) The pollution-free and environment-friendly composite material contains organic pollution components, inorganic pollution components and trace heavy metal pollution components, and has obvious comprehensive pollution characteristics.
(3) The organic pollutants are various in types and complex in components. The landfill leachate contains a large number of organic pollutants, up to 77, and the garbage leachate contains non-chlorinated aromatic compounds such as naphthalene and phenanthrene, chlorinated aromatic compounds, phosphate, phthalate, phenolic compounds, aniline compounds and the like which are difficult to biodegrade.
(4) The landfill leachate contains more than 10 metal ions, and the heavy metal ions in the landfill leachate have a serious inhibition effect on the biological treatment process.
(5) The proportion of the microorganism nutrient elements in the percolate is seriously disordered. The ammonia nitrogen concentration is very high, the C/N ratio is not adjusted, and the nutrition ratio is far away from the nutrition ratio required by the growth of microorganisms during the biological treatment, so the effect is not ideal when the biological treatment is adopted.
Ammonia nitrogen and COD of landfill leachateCrThe concentration is high, so that the ground water body is lack of oxygen and the water quality is deteriorated; the nutrient substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus are the causes of water eutrophication, and can also seriously affect the drinking water source; generally speaking, CODCr、BOD5、BOD5/CODCrDecreases with "age" of the landfill and increases in alkalinity content. In addition, with the increase of the stacking age, the fresh garbage is gradually changed into the stale garbage, the content of organic matters in the percolate is reduced to some extent, but the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is increased, and the biodegradability is reduced, so the treatment difficulty is very high.
The key point for treating the landfill leachate is CODCrAnd treating ammonia nitrogen, especially treating ammonia nitrogen. The existing mainstream techniques comprise pretreatment, flocculation precipitation, biochemical treatment, chemical strong oxidation, MBR, ultrafiltration and nano-filtrationFiltering and reverse osmosis, which combines the physical and chemical treatment and biological treatment. Similarly, the landfill leachate disclosed in CN1478737 is a combined treatment of physical and chemical treatment and biological treatment, in which the leachate after electrolytic oxidation treatment is subjected to reverse osmosis treatment by using ceramic membrane. The technology achieves certain effect on treating the landfill leachate, but has the following outstanding problems:
firstly, except the warm climate in coastal areas in south China, most areas have low temperature in winter, when the water temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the activity of nitrifying bacteria in a landfill leachate treatment facility is greatly reduced, the nitrification effect is poor, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of biochemical effluent reaches 500-1000 mg/L, some ammonia nitrogen is even higher, and the ammonia nitrogen is difficult to eliminate by subsequent membrane treatment, so the ammonia nitrogen in the landfill leachate treatment effluent in winter in most areas in China exceeds the standard.
Secondly, in the existing garbage leachate treatment process combining the biochemical technology and the membrane filtration technology, 35-40% of concentrated solution exists, most of the concentrated solution is re-filled into a landfill, and the more concentrated solution is accumulated, and emergency treatment is almost carried out every year.
The membrane treatment of the existing garbage leachate treatment process combining biochemistry and membrane filtration technology comprises MBR, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, the treatment process is long, the investment is high, the operation posts are many, the operation cost and the membrane replacement cost are high, particularly, about 35-40% of concentrated solution can only be refilled into a landfill site except evaporation treatment, so that a large amount of garbage leachate and ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and salt are accumulated continuously, and the ammonia nitrogen content and the salt content of the leachate are higher and higher, therefore, the garbage leachate needs to be cleaned and treated once at intervals. If evaporation treatment is adopted, the operating cost of concentrated solution treatment is as high as 200-300 yuan/ton, and the concentrated solution is spread to reach more than 75 yuan/ton per ton of landfill leachate.
In view of the above problems, a new treatment equipment and technology for the leachate of garbage is urgently needed to solve the outstanding problem of the treatment of the leachate of garbage, replace MBR, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis equipment and technology after biochemical treatment of the leachate of garbage, and solve the problems of excessive ammonia nitrogen and concentrated solution in drainage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of complex treatment process, large consumption of chemical agents, high cost, substandard discharge of the treated garbage percolate, concentrated solution accumulation and the like in the conventional garbage percolation treatment technology, and forms a garbage percolate treatment system and a treatment method based on the combination of electrolytic denitrification and a biological membrane by adopting a method of combining electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane treatment to make up for deficiencies of each other.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the garbage percolation treatment system comprises a coagulating sedimentation device, a hardness removing device, a primary electrolytic denitrification device, a biological membrane treatment device, a secondary electrolytic purification device and a secondary coagulating sedimentation device which are sequentially connected, wherein the steps of coagulating sedimentation, hardness removing, primary electrolytic denitrification, biological membrane treatment, secondary electrolytic purification and secondary coagulating sedimentation are sequentially carried out for treatment, and the effluent indexes of garbage percolate treated by the garbage percolation treatment system and the purification method are as follows: the chroma is less than 5, the COD is less than 100mg/L, BOD and less than 10mg/L, SS and less than 10mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 35mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 10mg/L, the total phosphorus is less than 1mg/L, the number of faecal coliform bacteria is less than 3/L, the total mercury is 0.001mg/L, the total chromium is 0.01mg/L, the total cadmium is 0.1mg/L, the hexavalent chromium is 0.05mg/L, the total arsenic is 0.1mg/L and the total lead is 0.1mg/L, and the effluent all meets the pollutant control indexes in the table 2 of the pollutant control standard of the domestic waste landfill (GB 16889-2008).
The invention provides a landfill leachate treatment system based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and a biological membrane, which comprises a coagulating sedimentation device, a hardness removal device, a primary electrolytic denitrification device, a biological membrane treatment device, a secondary electrolytic purification device and a secondary coagulating sedimentation device, wherein the coagulation sedimentation device is connected with the primary electrolytic denitrification device;
the coagulating sedimentation device comprises a garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir, a dosing tank, a coagulating reaction tank, a sedimentation tank and a supernatant storage tank, wherein a water inlet of the coagulating reaction tank is connected with a water outlet of the garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir, a water outlet of the coagulating reaction tank is connected with a water inlet of the sedimentation tank, a supernatant water outlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with a water inlet of the supernatant storage tank, and a water outlet of the supernatant storage tank is connected with the hardness removal device;
the hardness removing device comprises a hardness removing reaction tank, a precipitation separation tank, a solid-liquid separator and a hardness removing intermediate water tank; the hardness removing reaction tank is also provided with a hydrated lime feeding tank, a sodium carbonate solution feeding tank and a stirrer, the water inlet of the hardness removing reaction tank is connected with the water outlet of the supernatant storage tank, the water outlet of the hardness removing reaction tank is connected with the water inlet of the precipitation separation tank, the water outlet of the precipitation separation tank is connected with the water inlet of the hardness removing intermediate water tank, and the water outlet of the hardness removing intermediate water tank is connected with the water inlet of the primary electrolytic denitrification device;
the primary electrolytic denitrification device is connected with a water inlet of the biological membrane treatment device, the secondary electrolytic purification device is connected with a water outlet of the biological membrane treatment device, the primary electrolytic denitrification device and the secondary electrolytic purification device respectively comprise an electrolytic machine, a degassing tower, an acid pickling descaling device and a reduction tank, the water inlet of the electrolytic machine of the primary electrolytic denitrification device is communicated with the hardness removing device, the water outlet of the electrolytic machine is connected with the water inlet of the degassing tower, the water outlet of the degassing tower is connected with the water inlet of the reduction tank, the degassing tower is further provided with a circulation port, and the circulation port is connected with a water inlet pipe of the electrolytic machine through a pipeline and a circulation water pump;
the biological membrane treatment device comprises an anaerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, a biological aerated filter, a deep denitrification bed filter and a middle water tank which are connected in sequence, or comprises an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, a biological aerated filter, a deep denitrification bed filter and a middle water tank which are connected in sequence, or comprises a biological aerated filter, a deep denitrification bed filter, an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank and a middle water tank which are connected in sequence, or comprises a combination of the biological aerated filter, the deep denitrification bed filter and the middle water tank which are connected in sequence;
the secondary coagulating sedimentation device comprises a pH adjusting tank, a coagulating basin, a coagulation assisting tank, a sedimentation basin and an intermediate water tank which are sequentially connected, wherein the top of the sedimentation basin is provided with a supernatant water outlet, the supernatant water outlet is connected with a water inlet of the intermediate water tank, the bottom of the sedimentation basin is provided with a sludge outlet, and the sludge outlet is connected with a sludge pump.
Furthermore, a precision filter is arranged between the precipitation separation tank and the hardness removal intermediate water tank.
Furthermore, the primary electrolytic denitrification device further comprises a chloride ion catalyst feeding device, the chloride ion catalyst feeding device is composed of a chloride ion solution storage tank and a delivery pump, and a water outlet of the delivery pump is communicated with a water inlet of the electrolytic machine.
Further, landfill leachate processing system based on electrolytic denitrification combines with the biomembrane still includes sludge treatment equipment, sludge treatment equipment includes sludge pump, sludge concentration tank, physics and chemistry recuperation pond and hydroextractor, the import of sludge pump respectively with take off the mud export intercommunication of hardness device, biomembrane processing apparatus and secondary coagulating sedimentation device, the export of sludge pump and the import intercommunication of sludge concentration tank, the sludge outlet of sludge concentration tank with the import intercommunication of physics and chemistry recuperation pond, the sewage export of sludge concentration tank with biomembrane processing apparatus's water inlet intercommunication, the export of physics and chemistry recuperation pond the mud import intercommunication of hydroextractor.
Further, the secondary coagulating sedimentation device is one of a high-efficiency sedimentation device, a magnetic coagulation device and a super-magnetic coagulating sedimentation device.
Further, the first-stage electrolytic denitrification device or the second-stage electrolytic purification device further comprises an acid washing descaling device, the acid washing descaling device is composed of an acid washing solution storage tank and an acid washing solution delivery pump, the outlet of the acid washing solution storage tank is connected with the water outlet of the electrolysis machine, the acid washing solution delivery pump is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the outlet of the acid washing solution storage tank and the water outlet of the electrolysis machine, and the inlet of the acid washing solution storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the electrolysis machine.
Furthermore, fillers are also placed in the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank in the biomembrane processing device, and the fillers are at least one of volcanic rock, crushed stone, furnace slag, ceramsite, plastic ring and plastic ball.
Further, the coagulation tank also comprises a coagulant dosing device and a stirrer; the coagulant aid tank also comprises a coagulant aid dosing device and a stirrer.
The invention also provides a landfill leachate treatment method based on the combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membranes, wherein the method is carried out in the landfill leachate treatment system based on the combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membranes, and comprises the following steps:
(1) coagulating sedimentation:
quantitatively pumping the landfill leachate from a landfill leachate collection regulating reservoir to a coagulation reaction tank, starting a stirrer, and controlling the stirrer to be at 0.5-2 Kg/m3Adding lime powder, stirring and reacting for 15-20 minutes, and then stirring and reacting according to the proportion of 130-900 g/m3Adding PAC and adding the PAC in an amount of 0.5 to 2g/m3Adding PAM, stirring and reacting for 5-20 minutes, stopping stirring after the reaction is finished, pumping the garbage percolate after the reaction into a settling tank for settling for 30-60 minutes, pumping the supernatant of the settling tank into a supernatant storage tank, and pumping the sludge at the bottom of the settling tank into a sludge concentration tank;
(2) removing hardness:
flowing the filtered liquid obtained in the step (1) into a hardness removing device, and firstly, flowing the filtered liquid according to 1-2 Kg/m3Adding lime powder of 80-120 meshes, stirring and reacting for 10-20 minutes to remove the pseudo-hardness of garbage infiltration, and then adding the mixture according to the proportion of 200-1000 g/m3Adding anhydrous sodium carbonate to remove the calcium and magnesium hardness of the garbage leachate;
(3) primary electrolytic denitrification:
pumping the garbage leachate after the hardness removal in the step (2) into an electrolytic machine of a first-stage electrolytic denitrification device, simultaneously starting a chloride ion catalyst feeding device, and feeding the chloride ion catalyst into the electrolytic machine according to the volume of 8-15L/m3Adding 20-25% of sodium chloride solution, starting an electrolysis machine to perform catalytic electrolysis denitrification, enabling leachate to stay in the electrolysis machine for 60-210 s, wherein the working voltage of the electrolysis machine is 5-50V, and the current density is 10-150 mA/cm2Conveying the effluent obtained by electrolysis into a degassing tank for 10-90 min, circulating part of leachate of the degassing tower to an electrolysis machine through a leachate circulation port and a circulating water pump for electrolysis again, wherein the circulation ratio is 15-30 times, and catalyzing the garbage leachate after electrolytic denitrificationThe main indexes of the effluent water are as follows: pH 6-9, NH3N (ammonia nitrogen) is less than or equal to 1000.0mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than or equal to 50 percent, the total nitrogen is less than or equal to 1100.0mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the total phosphorus (counted by P) is less than or equal to 8.0 mg/L;
(4) and (3) biological membrane treatment:
pumping the garbage percolate subjected to the first-stage electrolytic denitrification in the step (3) into a biomembrane treatment device, sequentially treating the garbage percolate by an anaerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep-bed filter and an intermediate water tank, or sequentially treating the garbage percolate by an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, a denitrification deep-bed filter and an intermediate water tank, or sequentially treating the garbage percolate by an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep-bed filter, an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank and an intermediate water tank, or sequentially treating the garbage percolate by an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep-bed filter and an intermediate water tank, wherein the retention time of the biomembrane treatment is 48-72 hours, the chroma of the garbage percolate water after the biomembrane treatment is less than 100, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 150mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 200mg/L, and the COD (chemical oxygen demand)CrLess than 300mg/L, BOD5Less than 30 mg/L;
(5) secondary electrolytic purification:
the effluent pump that goes out the biomembrane processing through step (4) goes into electrolysis purification in second grade electrolytic purification device's the electrolysis machine, the operating voltage of second grade electrolytic purification device's electrolysis machine is 5 ~ 150V, and the electric current is 10 ~ 10000A, and the supernatant after the electrolysis carries out gas-liquid separation in getting into second grade electrolytic purification device's the degasser, and the bubble collecting vat is scraped into through the scum machine to the bubble of upper portion, and the lower part supernatant is gone into the electrolysis machine further electrolysis through second grade electrolytic purification device's circulating water pump once more, through the volume of 5 ~ 25% sodium sulfite solution of measurement addition, quantitatively add sodium sulfite solution and eliminate and get into in the secondary coagulating sedimentation device behind excessive sodium hypochlorite, through the rubbish effluent after the electrolytic purification satisfy following index: chroma less than 50 and CODCrLess than 150mg/L, BOD5Less than 20mg/L, less than 30mg/L of total nitrogen, less than 20mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and less than 5mg/L of total phosphorus;
(6) secondary coagulating sedimentation:
the landfill leachate after the secondary electrolytic purification of the step (5) sequentially flows into the mixing tankThe pH adjusting tank, the coagulation assisting tank and the sedimentation tank of the coagulation and sedimentation device are added with 5-15% of sodium hydroxide or 5-20% of sodium carbonate solution to adjust the pH to 8-9.5, then the mixture flows into the coagulation tank, and 260-800 g/m is added through a coagulant adding device under the stirring condition3The PAC solution with the concentration of 2-10% reacts for 5-15 min completely and then enters a coagulation tank, and 1-2 g/m of PAC solution is added into the coagulation tank3PAM is stirred and reacted for 1-5 min, the mixture enters a sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation, and after coagulation treatment, the chroma of effluent is less than 5 and CODCrLess than 90mg/L, BOD5Less than 20mg/L, less than 2mg/L, SS mg/L total phosphorus less than 20mg/L, less than 20mg/L ammonia nitrogen, less than 30mg/L total nitrogen, less than 3 fecal coliform groups, 0.001mg/L total mercury, 0.01mg/L total chromium, 0.1mg/L total cadmium, 0.05mg/L hexavalent chromium, 0.1mg/L total arsenic and 0.1mg/L total lead.
Further, the landfill leachate treatment method based on the combination of the electrolytic denitrification and the biological membrane further comprises a sludge treatment step, wherein scum of the biological membrane treatment, the coagulating sedimentation and the electrolytic purification are respectively conveyed into a sludge concentration tank for gravity concentration to form supernatant on the upper part and sludge on the bottom part; and conveying the supernatant to a water inlet pipe of a biomembrane processing device, conveying sludge at the bottom to a physical and chemical conditioning pool, adding a physical and chemical conditioning agent into the physical and chemical conditioning pool, and conveying the physical and chemical conditioning agent to a dehydrator for dehydration, wherein the physical and chemical conditioning agent is at least one selected from lime, ferric trichloride and polyaluminium chloride.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious advantages:
1. the treated landfill leachate effluent completely meets the index requirements of table 2 of the domestic refuse landfill pollutant control standard (GB16889-2008), and no concentrated solution exists, so that the treatment problem of 35-40% membrane concentrated solution in the existing landfill leachate treatment technology is solved;
2. by adopting an electrolytic denitrification technology, the problems of low temperature in winter, poor activity of nitrobacteria and over-standard ammonia nitrogen of effluent in the existing waste leachate treatment technology are solved;
3. the 'NF + RO' process after the biochemical treatment of the existing landfill leachate is removed, not only the process flow is greatly shortened, but also the investment is reduced to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the membrane replacement cost is saved;
4. the biochemical treatment time is shortened from 168-240 hours of the existing landfill leachate treatment process to 48-72 hours, the biochemical treatment time is greatly shortened, the volume of a biochemical treatment structure is reduced, and the construction land occupation is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of a landfill leachate treatment system provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a coagulating sedimentation device provided by the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a primary electrolytic denitrification apparatus provided by the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a biofilm treatment device provided by the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage electrolytic purification apparatus provided by the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary coagulating sedimentation device provided by the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a sludge treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a hardness removal device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a landfill leachate treatment system based on electrolytic denitrification and biochemistry comprises: the system comprises a coagulating sedimentation device 100, a primary electrolytic denitrification device 200, a biological membrane treatment device 300, a secondary electrolytic purification device 400, a secondary coagulating sedimentation device 500 and a sludge treatment device 600, and specifically comprises the following components:
coagulating sedimentation device 100
Referring to fig. 2, the coagulating sedimentation device 100 includes a landfill leachate collecting and adjusting tank 111, a dosing tank 112, a coagulating reaction tank 110, a settling tank 120, and a supernatant storage tank 130, wherein a water inlet of the coagulating reaction tank 110 is connected with a water outlet of the landfill leachate collecting and adjusting tank 111, a water outlet of the coagulating reaction tank 110 is connected with a water inlet of the settling tank 120, a supernatant water outlet of the settling tank 120 is connected with a water inlet of the supernatant storage tank 130, a sludge outlet of the settling tank 120 is connected with an inlet of a sludge concentration tank, and a water outlet of the supernatant storage tank 130 is connected with a primary electrolytic denitrification device 200 or a hardness removal device.
Referring to fig. 8, a hardness removing device 800 is further disposed between the coagulation sedimentation device 100 and the primary electrolytic denitrification device 200, and the hardness removing device 800 comprises a hardness removing reaction tank 810, a sedimentation separation tank 820, a solid-liquid separator 840 and a hardness removing intermediate water tank 830; the hardness removal reaction tank 810 is also provided with a slaked lime adding tank 811, a sodium carbonate solution adding tank 812 and a stirrer 813, and slaked lime for removing bicarbonate (calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate) and a sodium carbonate solution for removing calcium sulfate are respectively added; the water inlet of the hardness removing reaction tank 810 is connected with the water outlet of the supernatant storage tank 130 of the coagulating sedimentation device 100, the water outlet of the hardness removing reaction tank 810 is connected with the water inlet of the precipitation separation tank 820, the water outlet of the precipitation separation tank 820 is connected with the water inlet of the hardness removing intermediate water tank 830, and the water outlet of the hardness removing intermediate water tank 830 is connected with the water inlet of the electrolysis machine 210 of the primary electrolytic denitrification device 200; the solid-liquid separator is one of a plate-and-frame filter press, a centrifuge and a vacuum filter.
Preferably, a precision filter is further arranged between the precipitation separation tank 820 and the hardness removal intermediate water tank 830 for further filtering the sewage after hardness removal, so that the content of SS is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
First-stage electrolytic denitrification device 200
Referring to fig. 3, the primary electrolytic denitrification apparatus 200 includes an electrolyzer 210, a dc power supply 220, a degassing tower 230, and a reduction tank 240; the water inlet of the electrolysis machine 210 is connected with the water outlet of the supernatant storage tank 130 or the hardness removal intermediate water tank 830, the water outlet of the electrolysis machine 210 is connected with the water inlet of the degassing tower 230, the water outlet of the degassing tower 230 is connected with the water inlet of the reduction tank 240, and the water outlet of the reduction tank 240 is connected with the water inlet of the biofilm treatment device 300; the degassing tower 230 is also provided with a circulating port 271 which is arranged at a position 1-1.5 meters below the water outlet of the degassing tower, and the circulating port 271 is connected with the water inlet pipe of the electrolysis machine 210 through a pipeline and a circulating water pump 270 and is used for circulating electrolysis of the electrolytic waste leachate; the degassing tower 230 and the reduction tank 240 are further provided with a drain outlet 234 at the bottom, and the drain outlet 234 is connected with a water inlet pipe of the coagulation sedimentation device 100.
The primary electrolytic denitrification device 200 further comprises a chloride ion catalyst feeding device 250, wherein the chloride ion catalyst feeding device is composed of a chloride ion solution storage tank 251 and a delivery pump 252, and the chloride ion solution adopts 10-25% of sodium chloride solution or 10-12% of hypochlorous acid solution.
The first-stage electrolytic denitrification device 200 further comprises an acid cleaning descaling device 260, wherein the acid cleaning descaling device 260 is composed of an acid cleaning solution storage tank 261 and an acid cleaning solution delivery pump 262, and the acid cleaning solution adopts 2% -3% hydrochloric acid solution or 4% -5% citric acid solution.
Biofilm treatment device 300
Referring to fig. 4, the biofilm treatment device comprises an anaerobic tank 310, an aeration biological filter 320, a denitrification deep-bed filter 330 and an intermediate water tank 340 which are connected in sequence, wherein a water inlet of the anaerobic tank 310 is connected with a water outlet of a reduction tank 240 of a first-stage electrolytic denitrification device, a water outlet of the denitrification deep-bed filter 330 is communicated with the intermediate water tank 340, and sludge outlets of the anaerobic tank 310, the aeration biological filter 320 and the denitrification deep-bed filter 330 are connected with an inlet of a sludge concentration tank; or the biomembrane processing device comprises an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep bed filter and a middle water tank which are connected in sequence, wherein a water inlet of the aerobic tank is connected with a water outlet of a reduction device of the primary electrolytic denitrification device, a water outlet of the denitrification deep bed filter is communicated with the middle water tank, and sludge outlets of the aerobic tank, the sedimentation tank, the aeration biological filter and the denitrification deep bed filter are connected with an inlet of a sludge concentration tank; or the biological membrane treatment device comprises a biological aerated filter, a denitrification deep bed filter, an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank and an intermediate water tank which are connected in sequence, wherein the water inlet of the biological aerated filter is connected with the water outlet of the reduction tank of the primary electrolytic denitrification device, the water outlet of the sedimentation tank is communicated with the intermediate water tank, and the sludge outlets of the aerobic tank and the sedimentation tank are connected with the inlet of the sludge concentration tank; or the biological membrane treatment device comprises a biological aerated filter, a denitrification deep-bed filter and an intermediate water tank which are connected in sequence, the water inlet of the biological aerated filter is connected with the water outlet of the reduction tank of the first-stage electrolytic denitrification device, and the water outlet of the denitrification deep-bed filter is communicated with the intermediate water tank.
More specifically, the filling material may be at least one of volcanic rock, crushed stone, slag, ceramsite, plastic ring and plastic ball, and may be placed in the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank of the biofilm treatment apparatus 300.
Two-stage electrolytic purification device 400
Referring to fig. 5, the secondary electrolytic purification device 400 comprises an electrolytic machine 410, a direct current power supply 420, a degassing tower 430 and a reduction tank 450, wherein a water inlet of the electrolytic machine 410 is connected with a water outlet of the intermediate water tank 350 of the biofilm treatment device 300, a water outlet of the electrolytic machine 410 is connected with a water inlet of the degassing tower 430, a water outlet of the degassing tower 430 is connected with a water inlet pipe of the reduction tank 450, the degassing tower 430 is further provided with a circulation port 471 which is arranged below the water outlet of the degassing tower by 1-1.5 m, and the circulation port 471 is connected with the water inlet pipe of the electrolytic machine through a pipeline and a circulation water pump 470 and is used for circulating electrolysis of the electrolyzed waste leachate; the electrolytic purification device further comprises an acid washing descaling device 460, wherein the acid washing descaling device 460 is composed of an acid washing solution storage tank 461 and an acid washing solution delivery pump 462, and the acid washing solution adopts 2% -3% hydrochloric acid solution or 4% -5% citric acid solution.
The bottom parts of the degassing tower 430 and the reduction tank 450 are also provided with drain outlets which are connected with a water inlet pipe of the coagulating sedimentation device 100; the reduction tank 450 is composed of a reduction tank and a reducing agent solution storage tank, the reducing agent solution storage tank is connected with the reduction tank through a metering dosing pump, a stirrer is further installed in the reduction tank and used for stirring and mixing the reducing agent, a water inlet of the reduction tank is connected with water outlet of a degassing tower of the secondary electrolytic purification device, and a water outlet of the reduction tank is connected with a water inlet of the secondary coagulating sedimentation device. The secondary electrolytic purification device can omit a chloride ion catalyst adding device due to the connection with the primary electrolytic denitrification device, and the structure setting is simplified.
The water inlet of a degassing tower 430 of the electrolytic purification device is connected with a water distributor positioned at the bottom of the degassing tower 430, the water outlet at the upper part of the degassing tower 430 is connected with a water inlet pipe of a reduction tank of the device for reducing and eliminating sodium hypochlorite, and the top of the degassing tower is also provided with a slag scraper and a bubble collecting tank.
Secondary coagulating sedimentation device 500
Referring to fig. 6, the secondary coagulating sedimentation device 500 comprises a pH adjusting tank 510, a coagulating tank 520, a coagulation assisting tank 530, a sedimentation tank 540 and an intermediate water tank 550 which are connected in sequence, wherein a supernatant outlet 542 is arranged at the top of the sedimentation tank 540, the supernatant outlet is connected with a water inlet of the intermediate water tank 550, a sludge outlet 541 is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation tank 540, and the sludge outlet is connected with a sludge pump 614.
The secondary coagulating sedimentation device 500 is one of a high-efficiency sedimentation device, a magnetic coagulation device and a supermagnetic coagulating sedimentation device.
The pH adjusting tank 510 of the coagulating sedimentation device further comprises a dosing device of a pH adjusting agent and a stirrer, wherein a sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution with the mass ratio of 5-20% is stored in the pH adjusting agent dosing device.
The coagulation tank 520 of the coagulation sedimentation device 500 further comprises a coagulant dosing device and a stirrer, wherein a ferric sulfate solution, a ferric chloride solution or a polyaluminium chloride solution with the mass ratio of 2-20% is stored in the coagulant dosing device; the coagulant aid tank 530 further comprises a coagulant aid dosing device and a stirrer, wherein a PAM solution with the mass ratio of 1-2 per mill is stored in the coagulant aid dosing device.
Sludge treatment device 600
Referring to fig. 7, the sludge treatment apparatus 600 includes a sludge pump 614, a sludge concentration tank (gravity concentration tank) 610, a physicochemical conditioning tank 620 and a dewatering machine 630, an inlet of the sludge pump 614 is respectively communicated with sludge outlets of the coagulation sedimentation apparatus 100, the biofilm treatment apparatus 300 and the secondary coagulation sedimentation apparatus 500, the sludge concentration tank 610 is a gravity concentration tank, an outlet of the sludge pump is communicated with an inlet of the gravity concentration tank, a sludge outlet of the gravity concentration tank is communicated with an inlet of the physicochemical conditioning tank, and a sewage outlet of the gravity concentration tank is communicated with a water inlet of the biofilm treatment apparatus; the outlet of the physicochemical conditioning pool 620 is communicated with the sludge inlet of the dehydrator 630, the sludge blocks of the dehydrator 630 are collected in the sludge collection terrace, and the water outlet of the dehydrator 630 is communicated with the water inlet of the biomembrane processing device 300.
The sludge treatment device 600 is respectively connected with sludge outlets of the coagulation sedimentation device 100, the biological membrane treatment device 300 and the secondary coagulation sedimentation device 500, an outlet of the sludge pump is communicated with an inlet of the gravity concentration tank 610, an upper layer area, a middle layer area and a lower layer area are arranged in the gravity concentration tank 610 from top to bottom, a water outlet of the upper layer area is used for being communicated with a water inlet of the biological membrane treatment device 300, an outlet of the lower layer area is communicated with an inlet of the dewatering machine 630, and a stirrer is further arranged in the gravity concentration tank 610.
A landfill leachate treatment method based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membranes adopts the landfill leachate treatment system to treat landfill leachate, and comprises the following steps:
(1) coagulating sedimentation: the coagulating sedimentation is that the landfill leachate is quantitatively pumped into a coagulating reaction tank 110 from a landfill leachate collecting and adjusting tank 111, and a stirrer is started to be at 0.5-2 Kg/m3Adding lime powder, stirring and reacting for 15-20 minutes, and then stirring and reacting according to the proportion of 130-900 g/m3Adding PAC and adding the PAC in an amount of 0.5 to 2g/m3Adding PAM, stirring for 5-20 minutes, stopping stirring after the reaction is finished, pumping the garbage percolate after the reaction into a settling tank 120 for settling for 30-60 minutes, pumping the supernatant of the settling tank 120 into a supernatant storage tank 130, pumping the sludge at the bottom of the settling tank 120 into a sludge concentration tank, pumping the sludge in the sludge concentration tank into a dehydrator for dehydration, wherein sludge blocks generated by dehydration of the dehydrator are sludge, and the sewage generated by dehydration of the dehydrator is pumped into a garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir; the lime coagulating sedimentation is mainly used for removing a large amount of SS and COD in the garbage percolationCr、BOD5Total phosphorus and various heavy metal ions are removed by more than 95 percent of SS and COD after lime precipitation treatmentCr、BOD5More than 40 percent of the total phosphorus is removed, more than 80 percent of the total phosphorus is removed, and more than 99 percent of various heavy metal ions are removed.
(2) Removing hardness: flowing filtered liquid after lime coagulating sedimentation and plate-and-frame filter pressing into a pseudohardness removal reaction tank of a hardness removal device according to 1-2 Kg/m3Adding lime powder of 80-120 meshes, stirring and reacting for 10-20 minutes to remove the pseudo-hardness of garbage infiltration, and then stirring according to the proportion of 200-1000 g/m3Adding anhydrous sodium carbonate to remove the calcium and magnesium hardness of the garbage leachate; the purpose of hardness removal is to remove calcium and magnesium ions in the garbage leachate and reduce the scaling of an electrode plate during electrolytic denitrification.
(3) Primary electrolytic denitrification: pumping the garbage leachate after the hardness removal in the step (2) into an electrolysis machine 210 of a first-stage electrolytic denitrification device 200, simultaneously starting a chloride ion catalyst feeding device 250, and feeding the chloride ion catalyst into the first-stage electrolytic denitrification device according to the volume of 8-15L/m3Adding 20-25% of sodium chloride solution, and starting the electrolysis machine 210 to perform catalytic electrolysis denitrification; the leachate stays in the electrolysis machine 210 for 60-210 s; the working voltage of the electrolyzer 210 is 5-50V, and the current density is 10-150 mA/cm2(ii) a Delivering the effluent obtained by electrolysis to a degassing tank 230 for 10-90 min, circulating part of leachate in a degassing tank to an electrolysis machine through a leachate circulation port and a circulating pump for electrolysis again, wherein the circulation ratio is 15-30 times, ensuring the effluent quality, and catalyzingThe main function of electrolysis is to remove ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the waste leachate, and the main indexes of the effluent water of the waste leachate after catalytic electrolysis denitrification are as follows: pH 6-9, NH3N (ammonia nitrogen) is less than or equal to 1000.0mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than or equal to 50 percent, the total nitrogen removal rate is less than or equal to 1100.0mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate is more than or equal to 75 percent, and the total phosphorus (counted by P) is less than or equal to 8.0 mg/L.
(4) And (3) biological membrane treatment: the biological membrane treatment comprises anaerobic treatment, biological aerated filter treatment and denitrification biological bed filter treatment or comprises aerobic treatment, biological aerated filter treatment and denitrification deep bed filter treatment or comprises biological aerated filter treatment, denitrification biological bed filter treatment and aerobic treatment, the biological membrane treatment is to pump the garbage percolate obtained after the ammonia nitrogen is catalytically removed in the step (3) into a biological membrane treatment device 300, the garbage percolate sequentially passes through the anaerobic treatment, the biological aerated filter treatment and the denitrification deep bed filter treatment or sequentially passes through the aerobic treatment, the sedimentation treatment, the biological aerated filter treatment and the denitrification deep bed filter treatment or sequentially passes through the biological aerated filter treatment, the denitrification biological bed filter treatment, the aerobic treatment and the sedimentation treatment or sequentially passes through the biological aerated filter treatment and the denitrification biological bed filter treatment, the retention time of the biological membrane treatment is 48-72 hours, and organic matters in the garbage percolate are decomposed by using anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, deep removal of COD and BOD in landfill leachate5Simultaneously, the residual ammonia nitrogen in the percolate is converted into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen by utilizing the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria and the nitrosation of nitrosating bacteria; the nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen in the percolate is reduced into nitrogen by using the denitrification of denitrifying bacteria, and the treated nitrogen is mainly used for removing chromaticity and COD in the landfill percolate through biomembrane treatmentCr、BOD5Partial ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, the chroma of the landfill leachate effluent after the treatment of the biomembrane is less than 100, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 150mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 200mg/L, the CODCr is less than 300mg/L, and the BOD5 is less than 30 mg/L.
(5) Secondary electrolytic purification: pumping effluent subjected to the biological membrane treatment in the biological membrane treatment intermediate water tank 350 after the biochemical treatment in the step (4) into an electrolysis machine 410 of a secondary electrolysis purification device for electrolysis and purification, wherein the working voltage of the electrolysis machine is 5-150V, the current of the electrolysis machine is 10-10000A, and the electrolyzed supernatant enters a degassing tower 430 for gas-liquid separationAnd (4) separating, scraping the bubbles at the upper part into a bubble collecting tank through a slag scraper, pumping the clear liquid at the lower part into an electrolytic machine again through a circulating water pump 470 for further electrolytic purification until ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and CODCr、BOD5After the chlorine concentration is qualified, the chlorine concentration is measured in a reduction tank 450, and the sodium sulfite solution with the concentration of 5-25% is metered in to eliminate excessive sodium hypochlorite and then the sodium sulfite solution is metered in to enter a secondary coagulating sedimentation device 500; the secondary electrolysis is mainly used for removing residual COD in the landfill leachate after the front-end treatmentCr、BOD5Main pollutants such as total phosphorus, SS, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, and the waste effluent after electrolytic purification meets the following indexes: chroma less than 50 and CODCrLess than 150mg/L, BOD5Less than 20mg/L, less than 30mg/L of total nitrogen, less than 20mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and less than 5mg/L of total phosphorus;
(6) secondary coagulating sedimentation: the landfill leachate after the secondary electrolytic purification in the step (4) sequentially flows into a pH adjusting tank 510, a coagulation tank 520, a coagulation assisting tank 530 and a sedimentation tank 540 of a coagulation sedimentation device, 5-15% of sodium hydroxide or 5-20% of sodium carbonate solution is added into the pH adjusting tank 510 to adjust the pH to 8-9.5, then the mixture flows into the coagulation tank 520, 260-800 g/m is added through a coagulant adding device under the stirring condition3The PAC solution with the concentration of 2-10% reacts for 5-15 min completely, then enters the coagulation tank 530, and 1-2 g/m is added into the coagulation tank 5303The PAM is stirred and reacts for 1-5 min, the mixture enters a sedimentation tank 540 for solid-liquid separation, supernatant is pumped into an intermediate water tank 550, sediment (namely sludge) is sent into a sludge concentration tank through a pump and a pipeline, and the coagulation sedimentation is mainly used for removing residual COD (chemical oxygen demand) of garbage percolation after biomembrane treatmentCr、BOD5The chroma of the effluent is less than 5 and COD is obtained after coagulation treatment of main pollutants such as total phosphorus, SS and the likeCrLess than 90mg/L, BOD5Less than 20mg/L, less than 2mg/L, SS mg/L of total phosphorus, less than 20mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, less than 30mg/L of total nitrogen, less than 3 coliform groups, 0.001mg/L of total mercury, 0.01mg/L of total chromium, 0.1mg/L of total cadmium, 0.05mg/L of hexavalent chromium, 0.1mg/L of total arsenic and 0.1mg/L of total lead, and the effluent comprehensively meets the pollutant control indexes in the table 2 of the municipal solid waste landfill pollutant control standard (GB 16889-2008).
(7) Sludge treatment: scum of lime coagulation sedimentation, biofilm treatment and secondary coagulation sedimentation is respectively conveyed into a sludge concentration tank 610 for gravity concentration to form supernatant on the upper part and sludge on the bottom; conveying the supernatant liquid to a water inlet pipe of a biomembrane processing device 300, and inputting bottom sludge into a conditioning pond 620; and adding a physical and chemical conditioner into the physical and chemical conditioning pool 620, conveying the mixture to the dehydrator 630, processing the mixture into organic mud blocks, collecting the organic mud blocks, and burning the mud blocks, wherein the physical and chemical conditioner comprises lime, ferric trichloride and polyaluminium chloride.
The effluent indexes of the landfill leachate treated by the system and the method based on electrolytic denitrification and biomembrane treatment are as follows: chroma less than 5 and CODCrLess than 90mg/L, BOD5Less than 20mg/L, SS and less than 20mg/L, total nitrogen and less than 30mg/L, ammonia nitrogen and less than 20mg/L, total phosphorus and less than 2mg/L, fecal coliform number and less than 3/L, total mercury and 0.001mg/L, total chromium and 0.01mg/L, total cadmium and 0.1mg/L, hexavalent chromium and 0.05mg/L, total arsenic and 0.1mg/L, and total lead and 0.1 mg/L.
Example 1
100 ton/day leachate treatment project of a certain refuse landfill.
The 100 ton/day leachate treatment project of a certain refuse landfill comprises a coagulating sedimentation device 100, an electrolytic denitrification device 200, a biological membrane treatment device 300, a secondary electrolysis device 400, a coagulating sedimentation device 500 and a sludge treatment device 600, wherein the biological membrane treatment device 300 comprises an anaerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep bed filter and an intermediate water tank.
The raw water quality and control indexes of the landfill leachate are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 controlling index of water inlet and outlet for landfill leachate treatment project
Serial number Item Raw water Treated effluent index Removal Rate (%)
1 Chroma (double) 800 5 99.38
2 pH value 6.5 6～9 -
3 CODCr(mg/L) 7500 80 98.93
4 BOD5(mg/L) 3710 15 99.60
5 Total nitrogen (mg/L) 2855 30 98.95
6 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 2791 20 99.28
7 Total phosphorus 50 3 94
8 SS(mg/L) 500 20 96.00
9 Chloride ion (mg/L) 1633 - -
10 Hardness (mg/L) 4255 - -
Step one, coagulating sedimentation
The coagulating sedimentation is that the landfill leachate is quantitatively pumped into a coagulating reaction tank 110 from a landfill leachate collecting and adjusting tank 111, and a stirrer is started to stir the landfill leachate at 2Kg/m3Adding lime powder, stirring and reacting for 15-20 minutes, and then reacting according to 900g/m3Adding PAC and adding the mixture at a ratio of 1g/m3Adding PAM, stirring for 5-20 minutes, stopping stirring after the reaction is finished, pumping the garbage percolate after the reaction into a settling tank 120 for settling for 30-60 minutes, pumping the supernatant of the settling tank 120 into a supernatant storage tank 130, pumping the sludge at the bottom of the settling tank 120 into a sludge concentration tank, pumping the sludge in the sludge concentration tank into a dehydrator for dehydration, wherein sludge blocks generated by dehydration of the dehydrator are sludge, and the sewage generated by dehydration of the dehydrator is pumped into a garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir; the lime coagulating sedimentation is mainly used for removing a large amount of SS, COD and BOD in the garbage percolation5Total phosphorus and various heavy metal ions are removed by more than 95 percent of SS, COD and BOD after lime precipitation treatment5More than 40% of the total phosphorus is removed, more than 80% of the total phosphorus is removed, and more than 90% of various heavy metal ions are removed;
step two, hardness removal
The hardness removal is to pump the landfill leachate after the lime coagulation sedimentation treatment in the step (1) into a hardness removal reaction tank 810 from the supernatant storage tank 130 in the step (1) and stir the landfill leachate continuously according to the proportion of 4L/m3Adding 25% sodium carbonate solution, reacting to generate calcium carbonate precipitate, removing hardness, standing in a precipitation separation tank 820, performing solid-liquid separation, allowing the supernatant at the upper part of the precipitation separation tank 820 to flow into a hardness-removing intermediate water tank 830 for storage, pumping the precipitate at the lower part of the precipitation separation tank 820 into a solid-liquid separator 840 for separation to obtain mud blocks and filtrate, and pumping the filtrate into the hardness-removing intermediate water tank 830.
Step three, first-stage electrolytic denitrification
The first-stage electrolytic denitrification is to pump the landfill leachate after the hardness removal in the step (2) into a first-stage electrolytic denitrification device (200) and treat the landfill leachate with total nitrogen through electrolytic deamination, and the working conditions of the electrolytic denitrification are as follows: the voltage is 50V, and the current density is 10mA/cm2And the landfill leachate stays in the electrolysis machine for 210 seconds. After the electrolytic denitrification treatment, the ammonia nitrogen of the effluent is less than 600mg/L, and the total nitrogen is less than 700 mg/L.
Step four, biofilm treatment
The biological membrane treatment comprises anaerobic and aeration biological filter and denitrification deep bed filter treatmentThe biological membrane treatment is to pump the landfill leachate after the ammonia nitrogen is removed by the primary electricity in the step (3) into a biological membrane treatment device, the landfill leachate is treated by an anaerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, an aeration biological filter and a denitrification deep bed filter in sequence, the retention time of the biological membrane treatment is 52 hours, organic matters in the landfill leachate are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in the landfill leachate is deeply removedCrAnd BOD5Meanwhile, the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria and the nitrosation of nitrosating bacteria are utilized to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate is removed through the denitrification of the denitrification deep bed filter; the biological membrane treatment is mainly used for removing chroma and COD in the landfill leachateCr、BOD5Part of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the chroma of the landfill leachate effluent after the treatment of the biomembrane is less than 200, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 150mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 200mg/L, and the CODCr300mg/L, BOD5Less than 30 mg/L.
Step five, secondary electrolytic purification
Pumping the coagulated effluent which is subjected to secondary coagulation precipitation in the step (4) and stored in the biomembrane treatment intermediate water tank into an electrolysis machine 410 of a secondary electrolysis purification device for electrolysis and purification, wherein the working voltage of the electrolysis machine is 5V and the current is 10000A, feeding the electrolyzed supernatant into a degassing tower 430 for gas-liquid separation, scraping bubbles at the upper part into a bubble collecting tank through a residue scraping machine, pumping the lower part clear solution into the electrolysis machine again through a circulating water pump 470 for further electrolysis and purification until ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and COD are obtainedCr、BOD5And discharging the qualified product into a reduction tank, measuring the concentration of the rest chlorine, adding a calculated amount of sodium nitrite solution, and removing excessive sodium hypochlorite to enter a secondary coagulating sedimentation device.
The secondary electrolytic purification is mainly used for removing residual COD in the garbage percolation after the front-end treatmentCr、BOD5Main pollutants such as total phosphorus, SS, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, and the waste effluent after electrolytic purification meets the following indexes: chroma of 50, CODCrIs 139mg/L, BOD515mg/L, 27mg/L total nitrogen, 15mg/L ammonia nitrogen and 3.2mg/L total phosphorus.
Step six, secondary coagulating sedimentation
The landfill leachate sequentially flows into a pH adjusting tank 510, a coagulation tank 520, a coagulation assisting tank 530 and a sedimentation tank 540 of a secondary coagulation sedimentation device (step five) after being subjected to secondary electrolytic purification treatment in the step five, 5% of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the pH adjusting tank 510 to adjust the pH to 8.5-9.5, and then the landfill leachate flows into the coagulation tank 520, and is stirred by a coagulant adding device according to the volume ratio of 6L/m3Adding 2% PAC solution, reacting for 5min, feeding into coagulation tank 530 at a ratio of 1g/m3Adding PAM, stirring for reaction for 1-2 min, allowing the mixture to enter a sedimentation tank 540 for solid-liquid separation, pumping supernatant into an intermediate water tank 550, delivering sediment (namely sludge) into a sludge concentration tank through a pump and a pipeline, and performing coagulation sedimentation mainly for removing residual COD (chemical oxygen demand) in garbage percolation after secondary electrolysisCr、BOD5The chroma of the effluent is less than 5 and COD is obtained after coagulation treatment of main pollutants such as total phosphorus, SS and the likeCrLess than 89mg/L, BOD5Less than 18mg/L, total phosphorus of 1.2mg/L, SS of less than 20mg/L, ammonia nitrogen of 10mg/L, total nitrogen of 30mg/L, fecal coliform number of 3/L, total mercury of 0.001mg/L, total chromium of 0.01mg/L, total cadmium of 0.1mg/L, hexavalent chromium of 0.05mg/L, total arsenic of 0.1mg/L and total lead of 0.1 mg/L.
TABLE 3 effluent quality index of landfill leachate treated by the present invention
Serial number Item Water inflow index Index of treated effluent Removal Rate (%)
1 Color intensity 800 5 99.44
2 CODCr(mg/L) 7500 78 98.96
3 BOD5(mg/L) 3710 10 99.73
4 Total nitrogen (mg/L) 2855 28 99.02
5 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 2791 5 99.82
6 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 50 1.0 98.00
7 Hardness (mg/L) 4255 - -
8 Residual chlorine (mg/L) - 0.5 -
9 Fecal coliform (per/L) - 3 -
10 Total mercury (mg/L) - 0.001 -
11 Total cadmium (mg/L) - 0.01 -
12 Total chromium (mg/L) - 0.1 -
13 Hexavalent chromium (mg/L) - 0.05 -
14 Total arsenic (mg/L) - 0.1 -
15 Total lead (mg/L) - 0.1 -
As can be seen from table 3, after the landfill leachate is treated by the landfill leachate treatment system composed of the coagulation sedimentation device 100, the electrolytic denitrification device 200, the biofilm treatment device 300, the secondary electrolysis device 400, the coagulation sedimentation device 500 and the sludge treatment device 600, the effluent pollutant indexes all meet the pollutant control index requirements in table 2 of the municipal solid waste landfill pollutant control standard (GB16889-2008), and no concentrated solution is available.
Example 2
300 ton/day leachate treatment project of a certain refuse landfill.
The 100 ton/day leachate treatment project of a certain refuse landfill comprises a coagulating sedimentation device 100, an electrolytic denitrification device 200, a biological membrane treatment device 300, a secondary electrolysis device 400, a coagulating sedimentation device 500 and a sludge treatment device 600, wherein the biological membrane treatment device 300 comprises an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep bed filter and an intermediate water tank.
The raw water quality and control indexes of the landfill leachate are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 landfill leachate raw water quality and treated water quality control index
Serial number Item Raw water Treated effluent index Removal Rate (%)
1 Chroma (double) 950 5 99.47
2 pH value 8.9 6～9 -
3 CODCr(mg/L) 16651 90 99.46
4 BOD5(mg/L) 6122 20 99.67
5 Total nitrogen (mg/L) 5000 30 99.40
6 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 4879 20 99.59
7 Total phosphorus 5.8 0.5 91.38
8 SS(mg/L) 450 10 97.78
9 Chloride ion (mg/L) 590 - -
10 Hardness (mg/L) 830 - -
Step one, coagulating sedimentation
The coagulating sedimentation is that the landfill leachate is quantitatively pumped into a coagulating reaction tank 110 from a landfill leachate collecting and adjusting tank 111, and a stirrer is started to stir the landfill leachate at a rate of 1Kg/m3Adding lime powder, stirring and reacting for 15-20 minutes, and then stirring and reacting according to the proportion of 130g/m3Adding PAC and adding the mixture at a ratio of 1g/m3Adding PAM, stirring for 5-20 minutes, stopping stirring after the reaction is finished, pumping the garbage percolate after the reaction into a settling tank 120 for settling for 30-60 minutes, pumping the supernatant of the settling tank 120 into a supernatant storage tank 130, pumping the sludge at the bottom of the settling tank into a sludge concentration tank, pumping the sludge in the sludge concentration tank into a dehydrator for dehydration, wherein sludge blocks generated by dehydration of the dehydrator are sludge, and the sewage generated by dehydration of the dehydrator is pumped into a garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir; the lime coagulating sedimentation is mainly used for removing a large amount of SS and COD in the garbage percolationCr、BOD5Total phosphorus and various heavy metal ions are treated by coagulating sedimentation, SS is removed by more than 95 percent, CODCr、BOD5More than 40% of the total phosphorus is removed, more than 80% of the total phosphorus is removed, and more than 95% of various heavy metal ions are removed;
step two, hardness removal
The hardness removal is to pump the landfill leachate treated by the coagulating sedimentation device 100 in the step (1) into a hardness removal reaction tank 810 from the supernatant storage tank 130 in the step (1) and stir the landfill leachate continuously according to the proportion of 2L/m3Adding 10% sodium carbonate solution, reacting to generate calcium carbonate precipitate, removing hardness, standing in a precipitation separation tank 820, performing solid-liquid separation, allowing the supernatant at the upper part of the precipitation separation tank 820 to flow into a hardness-removing intermediate water tank 830 for storage, pumping the precipitate at the lower part of the precipitation separation tank 820 into a solid-liquid separator 840 for separation to obtain mud blocks and filtrate, and pumping the filtrate into the hardness-removing intermediate water tank 830.
Step three, first-stage electrolytic denitrification
The first-stage electrolytic denitrification is to pump the garbage percolate subjected to hardness removal in the step (2) into an electrolysis machine 210 of a first-stage electrolytic denitrification device 200 for electrolytic deamination and total nitrogen treatment, and the electrolytic denitrification is carried out at the same time according to 2.5L/m3Adding 10% sodium chloride solution to supplement chloride ions, and starting circulationA ring pump, according to 1: a circulation ratio of 25. The working conditions of the electrolytic denitrification are as follows: the voltage is 26.5V, and the current density is 150mA/cm2The landfill leachate stays in the electrolysis machine for 210 seconds, enters the degassing tank 230 after electrolysis, and after electrolytic denitrification treatment, the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is less than 700mg/L, and the total nitrogen is less than 800 mg/L.
Step four, biofilm treatment
The biomembrane treatment is to pump the landfill leachate after the electrolysis deamination and denitrification in the step (3) into a biomembrane treatment device, sequentially treat the landfill leachate through an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep bed filter and an intermediate water tank, wherein the retention time of the biomembrane treatment is 72 hours, organic matters in the landfill leachate are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, and COD in the landfill leachate is deeply removedCrAnd BOD5Simultaneously, the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria and the nitrosation of nitrosating bacteria are utilized to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen; the biological membrane treatment is mainly used for removing chroma and COD in the landfill leachateCr、BOD5Part of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, the chroma of the garbage percolation effluent after the garbage percolation treatment by the biomembrane is less than 80, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 135mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 170mg/L, and the CODCr270mg/L, BOD5Less than 35 mg/L.
Step five, secondary electrolytic purification
Pumping the effluent water treated by the biomembrane and stored in the middle water tank in the step (4) into an electrolysis machine 410 of a secondary electrolysis purification device 400 for electrolysis and purification, wherein the working voltage of the electrolysis machine is 45V, and the current density is 95mA/cm2The supernatant after electrolysis enters a degassing tank 430 for gas-liquid separation, bubbles at the upper part are scraped into a bubble collecting tank through a slag scraper, and the supernatant at the lower part is pumped into an electrolysis machine again through a circulating water pump 470 for further electrolytic purification until ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and COD are obtainedCr、BOD5And (3) after the chlorine content is qualified, the chlorine content flows into a reduction tank through a water outlet of the degassing tower 430, the concentration of the rest chlorine is measured, a calculated amount of sodium nitrite solution is added, and the sodium nitrite solution enters the secondary coagulating sedimentation device 500 after excessive sodium hypochlorite is eliminated. The electrolysis is mainly used for removing residual COD in the garbage percolation after the front-stage treatmentCr、BOD5Total phosphorus, SS, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and other main pollutants, and the waste effluent after secondary electrolytic purification meets the following indexes: the chroma is 45, the COD is 150mg/L, BOD is 20mg/L, the total nitrogen is 30mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 20mg/L, and the total phosphorus is 1 mg/L.
Step six, secondary coagulating sedimentation
The landfill leachate sequentially flows into a pH adjusting tank 510, a coagulation tank 520, a coagulation aiding tank 530 and a sedimentation tank 540 of a secondary coagulation sedimentation device after secondary electrolytic purification in the step (5), 5% of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the pH adjusting tank 510 to adjust the pH to 9-9.5, then the landfill leachate flows into the coagulation tank 520, and the landfill leachate is stirred by a coagulant adding device according to the volume of 4.5L/m3Adding 2% PAC solution, reacting for 15min, feeding into coagulation tank 530, adding 1g/m3The PAM is stirred and reacts for 2min, the solid and the liquid are separated in a sedimentation tank, the supernatant is pumped into an intermediate water tank 550 and is discharged into a drainage pipe network, and the precipitate (namely sludge) is sent into a sludge concentration tank through a pump and a pipeline. The coagulating sedimentation is mainly used for removing main pollutants such as residual COD, BOD, total phosphorus, SS and the like of garbage percolation after biomembrane treatment, and after coagulating treatment, the chroma of effluent is less than 5, the COD is less than 90mg/L, BOD and less than 18mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 19mg/L, the total nitrogen is 28mg/L, the total phosphorus is 1mg/L, SS and less than 20mg/L, the number of faecal coliform groups is 3/L, the total mercury is 0.001mg/L, the total chromium is 0.01mg/L, the total cadmium is 0.1mg/L, the hexavalent chromium is 0.05mg/L, the total arsenic is 0.1mg/L and the total lead is 0.1 mg/L.
TABLE 5 effluent quality index after treatment by the landfill leachate treatment system of the invention
Figure BDA0003291365270000191
Figure BDA0003291365270000201
From table 5, it can be seen that after the landfill leachate is treated by the landfill leachate treatment system and method based on the combined treatment of electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane, all indexes are the pollutant control indexes in table 2 of the standard for controlling pollutants in domestic refuse landfills (GB 16889-2008).
Example 3
Leachate treatment project of 50 tons/day in certain refuse landfill.
The 50 ton/day leachate treatment project of a certain refuse landfill comprises a coagulating sedimentation device 100, an electrolytic denitrification device 200, a biological membrane treatment device 300, a secondary electrolysis device 400, a coagulating sedimentation device 500 and a sludge treatment device 600, wherein the biological membrane treatment device 300 comprises a biological aerated filter, a denitrification deep-bed filter, an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank and an intermediate water tank.
The raw water quality and control indexes of the landfill leachate are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 raw water quality of landfill leachate and quality control index after treatment
Serial number Item Raw water Treated effluent index Removal Rate (%)
1 Chroma (double) 400 5 98.75
2 pH value 6.1 6～9 -
3 CODCr(mg/L) 30000 90 99.70
4 BOD5(mg/L) 13190 20 99.85
5 Total nitrogen (mg/L) 3190 30 99.06
6 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 3099 20 99.35
7 Total phosphorus 23.88 1 95.81
8 SS(mg/L) 500 10 98.00
9 Chloride ion (mg/L) 1750 - -
10 Hardness (mg/L) 913 - -
Step one, coagulating sedimentation
The coagulating sedimentation is that the landfill leachate is quantitatively pumped into a coagulating reaction tank 110 from a landfill leachate collecting and adjusting tank 111, and a stirrer is started to be at 1.5Kg/m3Adding lime powder, stirring and reacting for 15-20 minutes, and then reacting according to the proportion of 350g/m3Adding PAC and adding the mixture at a ratio of 1g/m3Adding PAM, stirring for 5-20 minutes, stopping stirring after the reaction is finished, pumping the garbage percolate after the reaction into a settling tank 120 for settling for 30-60 minutes, pumping the supernatant of the settling tank 120 into a supernatant storage tank 130, pumping the sludge at the bottom of the settling tank into a sludge concentration tank, pumping the sludge in the sludge concentration tank into a dehydrator for dehydration, wherein sludge blocks generated by dehydration of the dehydrator are sludge, and the sewage generated by dehydration of the dehydrator is pumped into a garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir; the lime coagulating sedimentation is mainly used for removing a large amount of SS and COD in the garbage percolationCr、BOD5Total phosphorus and various heavy metal ions are removed by more than 95 percent of SS and COD after lime precipitation treatmentCr、BOD5More than 40 percent of the total phosphorus is removed, more than 80 percent of the total phosphorus is removed, and more than 95 percent of various heavy metal ions are removed.
Step two, first-stage electrolytic denitrification
The first-stage electrolytic denitrification is to pump the landfill leachate treated in the step (1) into an electrolysis machine 210 of a first-stage electrolytic denitrification device 200 for electrolytic deamination and total nitrogen treatment, and the electrolytic denitrification is carried out according to 1.0L/m3Adding 20% sodium chloride solution to supplement chloride ions, starting a circulating pump, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1: the circulation ratio of 30 was circulated. The working conditions of the electrolytic denitrification are as follows: the voltage is 27.5V, and the current density is 120mA/cm2The landfill leachate stays in the electrolysis machine for 210 seconds, and enters the degassing tank 230 after electrolysis. After the electrolytic denitrification treatment, the ammonia nitrogen of the effluent is less than 950mg/L, and the total nitrogen is less than 1060 mg/L.
Step three, biofilm treatment
The biomembrane processing device comprises an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep bed filter, an aerobic pool, a sedimentation tank and an intermediate pool, the biomembrane processing device pumps the landfill leachate after the first-level electrolytic denitrification in the step (2) into the biomembrane processing device, the landfill leachate sequentially passes through the aeration biological filter, the denitrification deep bed filter and the aerobic pool, the retention time of the biomembrane processing is 65 hours, the organic matters in the landfill leachate are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, and the COD in the landfill leachate is deeply removedCrAnd BOD5Simultaneously, the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria and the nitrosation of nitrosating bacteria are utilized to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen; the biological membrane treatment is mainly used for removing chroma and COD in the landfill leachateCr、BOD5Part of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, the chroma of the garbage percolation effluent after the garbage percolation treatment by the biomembrane is less than 80, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 132mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 165mg/L, and the CODCrIs 180mg/L, BOD5Less than 40 mg/L.
Step four, secondary electrolytic purification
Pumping the effluent water after the biofilm treatment in the step (3) and stored in the intermediate water tank into an electrolysis machine 410 of a secondary electrolysis purification device 400 for electrolysis and purification, wherein the working voltage of the electrolysis machine is 28.8V, and the current density is 65mA/cm2The supernatant after electrolysis enters a degassing tower 430 for gas-liquid separation, bubbles at the upper part are scraped into a bubble collecting tank through a slag scraper, and the supernatant at the lower part passes through a circulating water pump470 and pumping into the electrolysis machine again for further electrolysis and purification to ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and CODCr、BOD5And (3) after the chlorine content is qualified, the chlorine content flows into a reduction tank through a water outlet of the degassing tower 430, the concentration of the rest chlorine is measured, a calculated amount of sodium nitrite solution is added, and the sodium nitrite solution enters the secondary coagulating sedimentation device 500 after excessive sodium hypochlorite is eliminated. The electrolysis is mainly used for removing residual COD in the garbage percolation after the front-stage treatmentCr、BOD5Total phosphorus, SS, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and other main pollutants, and the waste effluent after secondary electrolytic purification meets the following indexes: the chroma is 40, the COD is 135mg/L, BOD is 17mg/L, the total nitrogen is 28mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 15mg/L, and the total phosphorus is 5.6 mg/L.
Step five, secondary coagulating sedimentation
The landfill leachate sequentially flows into a pH adjusting tank 510, a coagulation tank 520, a coagulation aiding tank 530 and a sedimentation tank 540 of a secondary coagulation sedimentation device after secondary electrolytic purification in the step (4), 5% of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the pH adjusting tank 510 to adjust the pH to 8.5-9.0, then the landfill leachate flows into the coagulation tank 520, and the landfill leachate is added by a coagulant adding device under the stirring condition according to the volume of 1.5L/m3Adding 10% PAC solution, reacting for 15min, feeding into coagulation tank 530, adding 1g/m3The PAM is stirred and reacts for 2min, the solid and the liquid are separated in a sedimentation tank, the supernatant is pumped into an intermediate water tank 550 and is discharged into a drainage pipe network, and the precipitate (namely sludge) is sent into a sludge concentration tank through a pump and a pipeline. The coagulating sedimentation is mainly used for removing main pollutants such as residual COD, BOD, total phosphorus, SS and the like of garbage percolation after a biomembrane, after coagulating treatment, the chroma of effluent is less than 5, the COD is less than 85mg/L, BOD and less than 15mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 15mg/L, total nitrogen is 26mg/L, total phosphorus is 1.3mg/L, SS and less than 20mg/L, the number of faecal coliform groups is 3/L, total mercury is 0.001mg/L, total chromium is 0.01mg/L, total cadmium is 0.1mg/L, hexavalent chromium is 0.05mg/L, total arsenic is 0.1mg/L and total lead is 0.1mg/L, and the effluent all meets the pollutant control indexes of a table 2 of the municipal solid waste landfill pollutant control standard (GB16889-2008) without a concentrated solution.
Example 4
450 tons/day leachate treatment project of a certain refuse landfill.
The 450 ton/day leachate treatment project of a certain refuse landfill comprises a coagulating sedimentation device 100, an electrolytic denitrification device 200, a biological membrane treatment device 300, a secondary electrolysis device 400, a coagulating sedimentation device 500 and a sludge treatment device 600, wherein the biological membrane treatment device 300 comprises a biological aerated filter, a denitrification deep bed filter and an intermediate water tank.
The raw water quality and control indexes of the landfill leachate are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 raw water quality of landfill leachate and quality control index after treatment
Serial number Item Raw water Treated effluent index Removal Rate (%)
1 Chroma (double) 400 5 98.75
2 pH value 6.1 6～9 -
3 CODCr(mg/L) 4300 90 97.91
4 BOD5(mg/L) 1930 20 98.96
5 Total nitrogen (mg/L) 1090 30 97.25
6 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 1000 20 98.00
7 Total phosphorus 3.85 1 74.03
8 SS(mg/L) 500 30 94.00
9 Chloride ion (mg/L) 1250 - -
10 Hardness (mg/L) 790 - -
Step one, coagulating sedimentation
The coagulating sedimentation is that the landfill leachate is quantitatively pumped into a coagulating reaction tank 110 from a landfill leachate collecting and adjusting tank 111, and a stirrer is started to be at 1.0Kg/m3Adding lime powder, stirring and reacting for 15-20 minutes, and then reacting according to the proportion of 350g/m3Adding PAC and adding the mixture at a ratio of 1g/m3Adding PAM, stirring for 5-20 minutes, stopping stirring after the reaction is finished, pumping the garbage percolate after the reaction into a settling tank 120 for settling for 30-60 minutes, pumping the supernatant of the settling tank 120 into a supernatant storage tank 130, pumping the sludge at the bottom of the settling tank into a sludge concentration tank, pumping the sludge in the sludge concentration tank into a dehydrator for dehydration, wherein sludge blocks generated by dehydration of the dehydrator are sludge, and the sewage generated by dehydration of the dehydrator is pumped into a garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir; the lime coagulating sedimentation is mainly used for removing a large amount of SS and COD in the garbage percolationCr、BOD5Total phosphorus and various heavy metal ions are removed by more than 95 percent of SS and COD after lime precipitation treatmentCr、BOD5More than 40 percent of the total phosphorus is removed, more than 80 percent of the total phosphorus is removed, and more than 95 percent of various heavy metal ions are removed.
Step two, first-stage electrolytic denitrification
The first-stage electrolytic denitrification is to pump the landfill leachate treated in the step (1) into an electrolysis machine 210 of a first-stage electrolytic denitrification device 200 for electrolytic deamination and total nitrogen treatment, and the electrolytic denitrification is carried out according to 1.0L/m3Adding 20% sodium chloride solution to supplement chloride ions, starting a circulating pump, and mixing according to the weight ratio of 1: the circulation ratio of 30 was circulated.The working conditions of the electrolytic denitrification are as follows: the voltage is 26.5V, and the current density is 80mA/cm2The landfill leachate stays in the electrolysis machine for 120 seconds, and enters the degassing tower 230 after electrolysis. After the electrolytic denitrification treatment, the ammonia nitrogen of the effluent is less than 450mg/L, and the total nitrogen is less than 500 mg/L.
Step three, biofilm treatment
The biomembrane processing device comprises an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep bed filter and an intermediate water tank, the biomembrane processing is to pump the garbage percolate obtained after the first-level electrolytic denitrification in the step (2) into the biomembrane processing device, the garbage percolate is processed by the aeration biological filter 310 and the denitrification deep bed filter 320 in sequence, the retention time of the biomembrane processing is 48 hours, organic matters in the garbage percolate are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, and COD in the garbage percolate is deeply removedCrAnd BOD5Simultaneously, the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria and the nitrosation of nitrosating bacteria are utilized to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen or nitrite nitrogen; the biological membrane treatment is mainly used for removing chroma and COD in the landfill leachateCr、BOD5Part of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, the chroma of the garbage percolation effluent after the garbage percolation is processed by the biomembrane is less than 80, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 102mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 125mg/L, and the COD isCr130mg/L, BOD5Less than 30 mg/L.
Step four, secondary electrolytic purification
Pumping the effluent of the biomembrane treatment in the step (3) and stored in the middle water tank 350 into an electrolysis machine 410 of a secondary electrolysis purification device 400 for electrolysis and purification, wherein the working voltage of the electrolysis machine is 27.0V, and the current density is 50mA/cm2The supernatant after electrolysis enters a degassing tower 430 for gas-liquid separation, bubbles at the upper part are scraped into a bubble collecting tank through a slag scraper, and the supernatant at the lower part is pumped into an electrolysis machine again through a circulating water pump 470 for further electrolytic purification until ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and COD are obtainedCr、BOD5And (3) after the chlorine content is qualified, the chlorine content flows into a reduction tank through a water outlet of the degassing tower 430, the concentration of the rest chlorine is measured, a calculated amount of sodium nitrite solution is added, and the sodium nitrite solution enters the secondary coagulating sedimentation device 500 after excessive sodium hypochlorite is eliminated. The electrolysis is mainly used for removing the garbage after the front-end treatmentResidual COD in diafiltrationCr、BOD5Total phosphorus, SS, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and other main pollutants, and the waste effluent after secondary electrolytic purification meets the following indexes: the chroma is 40, the COD is 95mg/L, BOD is 15mg/L, the total nitrogen is 28mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 5mg/L, and the total phosphorus is 1.6 mg/L.
Step five, secondary coagulating sedimentation
The landfill leachate sequentially flows into a pH adjusting tank 510, a coagulation tank 520, a coagulation aiding tank 530 and a sedimentation tank 540 of a secondary coagulation sedimentation device after secondary electrolytic purification in the step (4), 5% of sodium hydroxide solution is added into the pH adjusting tank 510 to adjust the pH to 8.5-9.0, then the landfill leachate flows into the coagulation tank 520, and the landfill leachate is added by a coagulant adding device under the stirring condition according to the volume of 1.5L/m3Adding 10% PAC solution, reacting for 15min, feeding into coagulation tank 530, adding 1g/m3The PAM is stirred and reacts for 2min, the solid and the liquid are separated in a sedimentation tank, the supernatant is pumped into an intermediate water tank 550 and is discharged into a drainage pipe network, and the precipitate (namely sludge) is sent into a sludge concentration tank through a pump and a pipeline. The coagulating sedimentation is mainly used for removing main pollutants such as residual COD, BOD, total phosphorus, SS and the like of garbage percolation after biomembrane treatment, after coagulating treatment, the chroma of effluent is less than 5, the COD is less than 70mg/L, BOD and less than 10mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 5mg/L, total nitrogen is 25mg/L, total phosphorus is 0.5mg/L, SS and less than 20mg/L, the number of faecal coliform groups is 3/L, total mercury is 0.001mg/L, total chromium is 0.01mg/L, total cadmium is 0.1mg/L, hexavalent chromium is 0.05mg/L, total arsenic is 0.1mg/L and total lead is 0.1mg/L, and the indexes of the main pollutants of the effluent are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 effluent quality index after treatment by the landfill leachate treatment system of the invention
Serial number Item Raw water Treated effluent index Removal Rate (%)
1 Chroma (double) 400 5
2 pH value 6.1 6～9
3 CODCr(mg/L) 4300 70
4 BOD5(mg/L) 1930 10
5 Total nitrogen (mg/L) 1090 25
6 Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 1000 5
7 Total phosphorus (mg/L) 3.85 0.5
8 SS(mg/L) 500 20
9 Fecal coliform (per/L) - 3 -
10 Total mercury (mg/L) - 0.001 -
11 Total cadmium (mg/L) - 0.01 -
12 Total chromium (mg/L) - 0.1 -
13 Hexavalent chromium (mg/L) - 0.05 -
14 Total arsenic (mg/L) - 0.1 -
15 Total lead (mg/L) - 0.1 -
As can be seen from Table 8, the effluent of the landfill leachate treated by the landfill leachate treatment system based on the combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane of the invention all meets the pollutant control indexes in Table 2 of the pollutant control Standard for municipal solid waste landfill (GB16889-2008), and no concentrated solution is available.
While the foregoing description shows and describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A landfill leachate treatment system based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membranes is characterized by comprising a coagulating sedimentation device, a hardness removal device, a primary electrolytic denitrification device, a biological membrane treatment device, a secondary electrolytic purification device and a secondary coagulating sedimentation device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the coagulating sedimentation device comprises a garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir, a dosing tank, a coagulating reaction tank, a sedimentation tank and a supernatant storage tank, wherein a water inlet of the coagulating reaction tank is connected with a water outlet of the garbage percolation collection regulating reservoir, a water outlet of the coagulating reaction tank is connected with a water inlet of the sedimentation tank, a supernatant water outlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with a water inlet of the supernatant storage tank, and a water outlet of the supernatant storage tank is connected with the hardness removal device;
the hardness removing device comprises a hardness removing reaction tank, a precipitation separation tank, a solid-liquid separator and a hardness removing intermediate water tank; the hardness removing reaction tank is also provided with a hydrated lime feeding tank, a sodium carbonate solution feeding tank and a stirrer, the water inlet of the hardness removing reaction tank is connected with the water outlet of the supernatant storage tank, the water outlet of the hardness removing reaction tank is connected with the water inlet of the precipitation separation tank, the water outlet of the precipitation separation tank is connected with the water inlet of the hardness removing intermediate water tank, and the water outlet of the hardness removing intermediate water tank is connected with the water inlet of the primary electrolytic denitrification device;
the primary electrolytic denitrification device is connected with a water inlet of the biological membrane treatment device, the secondary electrolytic purification device is connected with a water outlet of the biological membrane treatment device, the primary electrolytic denitrification device and the secondary electrolytic purification device respectively comprise an electrolytic machine, a degassing tower, an acid pickling descaling device and a reduction tank, the water inlet of the electrolytic machine of the primary electrolytic denitrification device is communicated with the hardness removing device, the water outlet of the electrolytic machine is connected with the water inlet of the degassing tower, the water outlet of the degassing tower is connected with the water inlet of the reduction tank, the degassing tower is further provided with a circulation port, and the circulation port is connected with a water inlet pipe of the electrolytic machine through a pipeline and a circulation water pump;
the biological membrane treatment device comprises an anaerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, a biological aerated filter, a deep denitrification bed filter and a middle water tank which are connected in sequence, or comprises an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, a biological aerated filter, a deep denitrification bed filter and a middle water tank which are connected in sequence, or comprises a biological aerated filter, a deep denitrification bed filter, an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank and a middle water tank which are connected in sequence, or comprises a combination of the biological aerated filter, the deep denitrification bed filter and the middle water tank which are connected in sequence;
the secondary coagulating sedimentation device comprises a pH adjusting tank, a coagulating basin, a coagulation assisting tank, a sedimentation basin and an intermediate water tank which are sequentially connected, wherein the top of the sedimentation basin is provided with a supernatant water outlet, the supernatant water outlet is connected with a water inlet of the intermediate water tank, the bottom of the sedimentation basin is provided with a sludge outlet, and the sludge outlet is connected with a sludge pump.
2. The landfill leachate treatment system based on the combination of the electrolytic denitrification and the biological membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein a precision filter is further arranged between the precipitation separation tank and the hardness removal intermediate water tank.
3. The landfill leachate treatment system based on the combination of the electrolytic denitrification and the biological membrane as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary electrolytic denitrification device further comprises a chloride ion catalyst adding device, the chloride ion catalyst adding device is composed of a chloride ion solution storage tank and a delivery pump, and a water outlet of the delivery pump is communicated with a water inlet of the electrolysis machine.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sludge treatment device, wherein the sludge treatment device comprises a sludge pump, a sludge concentration tank, a physicochemical conditioning tank and a dehydrator, wherein an inlet of the sludge pump is respectively communicated with a sludge outlet of the hardness removal device, the biological membrane treatment device and the secondary coagulation sedimentation device, an outlet of the sludge pump is communicated with an inlet of the sludge concentration tank, a sludge outlet of the sludge concentration tank is communicated with an inlet of the physicochemical conditioning tank, a sewage outlet of the sludge concentration tank is communicated with a water inlet of the biological membrane treatment device, and an outlet of the physicochemical conditioning tank is communicated with a sludge inlet of the dehydrator.
5. The landfill leachate treatment system based on the combination of the electrolytic denitrification and the biological membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary coagulation sedimentation device is one of a high efficiency sedimentation device, a magnetic coagulation device and a super magnetic coagulation sedimentation device.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the primary or secondary electrolytic denitrification and biofilm-based landfill leachate treatment system further comprises a descaling device for pickling, the descaling device for pickling comprises a storage tank for pickling solution and a delivery pump for pickling solution, the outlet of the storage tank for pickling solution is connected to the water outlet of the electrolyzer, the delivery pump for pickling solution is disposed on the connecting pipeline between the storage tank and the delivery pump, and the inlet of the storage tank for pickling solution is connected to the water inlet of the electrolyzer.
7. The landfill leachate treatment system based on the combination of the electrolytic denitrification and the biological membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank of the biological membrane treatment device are further filled with a filler, and the filler is at least one of volcanic rock, crushed stone, slag, ceramsite, plastic ring and plastic ball.
8. The landfill leachate treatment system based on the combination of the electrolytic denitrification and the biological membrane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coagulation tank further comprises a coagulant adding device and a stirrer; the coagulant aid tank also comprises a coagulant aid dosing device and a stirrer.
9. A method for treating landfill leachate based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane, which is carried out in the landfill leachate treatment system based on combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) coagulating sedimentation:
quantitatively pumping the landfill leachate from a landfill leachate collection regulating reservoir to a coagulation reaction tank, starting a stirrer, and controlling the stirrer to be at 0.5-2 Kg/m3Adding lime powder, stirring and reacting for 15-20 minutes, and then stirring and reacting according to the proportion of 130-900 g/m3Adding PAC and adding the PAC in an amount of 0.5 to 2g/m3Adding PAM, stirring and reacting for 5-20 minutes, stopping stirring after the reaction is finished, pumping the garbage percolate after the reaction into a settling tank for settling for 30-60 minutes, pumping the supernatant of the settling tank into a supernatant storage tank, and pumping the sludge at the bottom of the settling tank into a sludge concentration tank;
(2) removing hardness:
flowing the filtered liquid obtained in the step (1) into a hardness removing device, and firstly, flowing the filtered liquid according to 1-2 Kg/m3Adding lime powder of 80-120 meshes, stirring and reacting for 10-20 minutes to remove the pseudo-hardness of garbage infiltration, and then adding the mixture according to the proportion of 200-1000 g/m3Adding anhydrous sodium carbonate to remove the calcium and magnesium hardness of the garbage leachate;
(3) primary electrolytic denitrification:
pumping the garbage leachate after the hardness removal in the step (2) into an electrolytic machine of a first-stage electrolytic denitrification device, simultaneously starting a chloride ion catalyst feeding device, and feeding the chloride ion catalyst into the electrolytic machine according to the volume of 8-15L/m3Adding 20-25% of sodium chloride solution, starting an electrolysis machine to perform catalytic electrolysis denitrification, and allowing leachate to stay in the electrolysis machine for 60-210 sThe working voltage of the machine is 5-50V, and the current density is 10-150 mA/cm2Conveying the effluent obtained by electrolysis into a degassing tank, wherein the retention time is 10-90 min, part of leachate of the degassing tower is circulated to an electrolysis machine through a leachate circulation port and a circulating water pump for electrolysis again, the circulation ratio is 15-30 times, and the main indexes of the effluent of the landfill leachate after catalytic electrolysis denitrification are as follows: pH 6-9, NH3N (ammonia nitrogen) is less than or equal to 1000.0mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than or equal to 50 percent, the total nitrogen is less than or equal to 1100.0mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the total phosphorus (counted by P) is less than or equal to 8.0 mg/L;
(4) and (3) biological membrane treatment:
pumping the garbage percolate subjected to the first-stage electrolytic denitrification in the step (3) into a biomembrane treatment device, sequentially treating the garbage percolate by an anaerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep-bed filter and an intermediate water tank, or sequentially treating the garbage percolate by an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank, a denitrification deep-bed filter and an intermediate water tank, or sequentially treating the garbage percolate by an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep-bed filter, an aerobic tank, a sedimentation tank and an intermediate water tank, or sequentially treating the garbage percolate by an aeration biological filter, a denitrification deep-bed filter and an intermediate water tank, wherein the retention time of the biomembrane treatment is 48-72 hours, the chroma of the garbage percolate water after the biomembrane treatment is less than 100, the ammonia nitrogen is less than 150mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 200mg/L, and the COD (chemical oxygen demand)CrLess than 300mg/L, BOD5Less than 30 mg/L;
(5) secondary electrolytic purification:
the effluent pump that goes out the biomembrane processing through step (4) goes into electrolysis purification in second grade electrolytic purification device's the electrolysis machine, the operating voltage of second grade electrolytic purification device's electrolysis machine is 5 ~ 150V, and the electric current is 10 ~ 10000A, and the supernatant after the electrolysis carries out gas-liquid separation in getting into second grade electrolytic purification device's the degasser, and the bubble collecting vat is scraped into through the scum machine to the bubble of upper portion, and the lower part supernatant is gone into the electrolysis machine further electrolysis through second grade electrolytic purification device's circulating water pump once more, through the volume of 5 ~ 25% sodium sulfite solution of measurement addition, quantitatively add sodium sulfite solution and eliminate and get into in the secondary coagulating sedimentation device behind excessive sodium hypochlorite, through the rubbish effluent after the electrolytic purification satisfy following index: chroma less than 50 and CODCrLess than 150mg/L, BOD5Less than 20mg/L, less than 30mg/L of total nitrogen, less than 20mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and less than 5mg/L of total phosphorus;
(6) secondary coagulating sedimentation:
and (3) enabling the landfill leachate after the secondary electrolytic purification in the step (5) to sequentially flow into a pH adjusting tank, a coagulation aiding tank and a sedimentation tank of a coagulation precipitation device, adding 5-15% of sodium hydroxide or 5-20% of sodium carbonate solution into the pH adjusting tank to adjust the pH to 8-9.5, then flowing into the coagulation tank, adding 260-800 g/m of coagulant by a coagulant adding device under the stirring condition3The PAC solution with the concentration of 2-10% reacts for 5-15 min completely and then enters a coagulation tank, and 1-2 g/m of PAC solution is added into the coagulation tank3PAM is stirred and reacted for 1-5 min, the mixture enters a sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation, and after coagulation treatment, the chroma of effluent is less than 5 and CODCrLess than 90mg/L, BOD5Less than 20mg/L, less than 2mg/L, SS mg/L total phosphorus less than 20mg/L, less than 20mg/L ammonia nitrogen, less than 30mg/L total nitrogen, less than 3 fecal coliform groups, 0.001mg/L total mercury, 0.01mg/L total chromium, 0.1mg/L total cadmium, 0.05mg/L hexavalent chromium, 0.1mg/L total arsenic and 0.1mg/L total lead.
10. The method for treating landfill leachate based on the combination of electrolytic denitrification and biological membrane as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a sludge treatment step of feeding scum of biological membrane treatment, coagulating sedimentation and electrolytic purification into a sludge concentration tank respectively for gravity concentration to form an upper supernatant and a bottom sludge; and conveying the supernatant to a water inlet pipe of a biomembrane processing device, conveying sludge at the bottom to a physical and chemical conditioning pool, adding a physical and chemical conditioning agent into the physical and chemical conditioning pool, and conveying the physical and chemical conditioning agent to a dehydrator for dehydration, wherein the physical and chemical conditioning agent is at least one selected from lime, ferric trichloride and polyaluminium chloride.
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