CN114044540A - A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114044540A
CN114044540A CN202111042543.6A CN202111042543A CN114044540A CN 114044540 A CN114044540 A CN 114044540A CN 202111042543 A CN202111042543 A CN 202111042543A CN 114044540 A CN114044540 A CN 114044540A
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姬广斌
王凡
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention discloses an A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material is La1‑xKxCo1‑yFeyO3(ii) a Wherein X is 0.2-0.5 and Y is 0.1. The electromagnetic wave-absorbing material can realize broadband absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic waves under the condition of thin coating thickness, and has high absorption strength, so that the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material has excellent microwave absorption performance; meanwhile, the preparation method takes water as a solvent, does not need to use a highly toxic chemical reagent, does not need complex synthesis equipment, has simple preparation process and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Description

A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to an A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Electronic technology products are ubiquitous in modern life, and excessive electromagnetic waves emitted when electronic equipment works can be harmful to human bodies or interfere with other equipment. In order to eliminate the interference of electromagnetic radiation, the wave-absorbing material is produced. Microwave absorbing materials are a class of functional materials that cause electromagnetic waves to disappear by absorbing them and converting them into heat energy or by interference.
The perovskite material is a wave absorber mainly based on dielectric loss, J-T distortion occurs inside crystal lattices after the heterovalent ions are doped, the structure is changed from low symmetry to high symmetry, and the electric dipole moment is changed so as to enhance the dielectric loss. Yangjun et al prepared LaxSr1- xMnO3(x is 0.5,0.7,0.9) powder, and it was found that the material had a large dielectric constant and a small permeability, and the a site was doped with Sr2+Generation of Mn after ionization3+-O2--Mn4+The double exchange effect, when d is 1mm and x is 0.7, the reflection loss is better than-20 dB and the bandwidth reaches 3GHz, which proves that the material can be made into a promising electromagnetic wave absorbing material by doping. With the change of doping amount, the crystal structure is distorted to different degrees, and the room temperature resistivity and the magnetism are changed. However, the existing achievement is difficult to simultaneously achieve effective absorption of broadband electromagnetic waves under the condition of thinner coating thickness.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide an A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave absorbing material which can effectively absorb broadband electromagnetic waves under the condition of thin coating thickness; the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material.
The technical scheme is as follows: the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material is La1-xKxCo1-yFeyO3(ii) a Wherein X is 0.2-0.5 and Y is 0.1. LaCoO3Is of a rhombohedral perovskite structure, space points are clustered into R-3c (167), and K ions replace La after co-doping3+At the A-position, Fe ion substituted for Co3+B bit of (1).
The preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material comprises the following steps: mixing lanthanum salt, cobalt salt, ferric salt and potassium salt, taking anhydrous citric acid as a complexing agent, obtaining a dry gel precursor by adopting a sol-gel method, and then carrying out high-temperature heat treatment under an inert atmosphere to obtain an A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite product.
Wherein the lanthanum salt, the cobalt salt, the ferric salt and the potassium salt are respectively lanthanum nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate and potassium nitrate.
The preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving lanthanum nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate and potassium nitrate in water, adding anhydrous citric acid to obtain a mixed solution, and stirring under a heating condition until the solution is in a sol state;
(2) drying the sol to obtain a dry gel precursor;
(3) and calcining the dry gel precursor in a nitrogen atmosphere, and naturally cooling to obtain an A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite product.
Wherein in the step (1), the heating temperature is not lower than 80 ℃. The purpose of setting the temperature to 80 ℃ is to promote evaporation of water and rapid sol formation. The solution is heated and stirred to form a sol state, and the stirring time is determined by the adding amount of the distilled water.
In the step (1), the molar total amount of cobalt nitrate and ferric nitrate is equal to the molar total amount of lanthanum nitrate and potassium nitrate; the molar ratio of cobalt nitrate to ferric nitrate is 9: 1, the molar ratio of lanthanum nitrate to potassium nitrate is 1: 1-4: 1.
wherein, in the step (1), the ratio of the addition amount of the complexing agent anhydrous citric acid to the total molar amount of the nitrate is 1:1, namely the ratio of the addition amount of the complexing agent anhydrous citric acid to the amount of the A site ion is 2: 1; the ratio of the amount of species to the B site ion was also 2: 1. The citric acid is used as an organic acid ligand and has strong coordination.
Wherein, in the step (2), the drying temperature is not lower than 100 ℃.
Wherein, in the step (3), the temperature rise rate of the calcination is 4.4 ℃/min, and the calcination temperature is 900 ℃.
The A site and B site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material La of the invention0.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3Doping K at the A position+The latter, on the one hand, in order to maintain the electrical neutrality of the lattice, Co3+Conversion to Co4+Then at this time Co3+-O2--Co4+Double exchange effect is enhanced and electricity is promotedCharge transitions, resulting in increased conductivity; on the other hand when K+After incorporation, the number of point defects is reduced, resulting in a high conductivity, which greatly enhances the dielectric loss capability of the perovskite material, thereby facilitating attenuation of electromagnetic waves. When K is+When the doping amount is 0.2, the number of point defects is the least, so the dielectric loss of the material is the best. Fe3+The oxygen vacancy generated after doping and the valence state change of cobalt ions in the crystal lead to the enhancement of magnetic loss, which is beneficial to further improving the impedance matching characteristic of the material. The perovskite material is a typical dielectric loss type wave-absorbing material, the magnetic loss contributes very little to the attenuation of electromagnetic waves, and the B site is doped with magnetic Fe3+The ions improve the magnetism to enhance the magnetic loss, improve the impedance matching performance, enable the electromagnetic waves to be easier to enter the material, and further improve the wave absorbing performance of the wave absorbing material. The substitution doping of the A site and the B site of the perovskite can enable internal ions to generate double exchange effect, so that the magnetism and the conductivity of the material are changed together, and microwave loss is promoted.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material can realize broadband absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic waves under the condition of thin coating thickness, and has high absorption strength, so that the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material has excellent microwave absorption performance; meanwhile, the preparation method takes water as a solvent, does not need to use a highly toxic chemical reagent, does not need complex synthesis equipment, has simple preparation process and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows LaCoO obtained in examples 1, 2 and 33、LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3、La0.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3X-ray diffraction patterns of (a);
FIG. 2 shows LaCoO obtained in example 13SEM picture of (a);
FIG. 3 shows LaCo obtained in example 20.9Fe0.1O3SEM picture of (a);
FIG. 4 shows La obtained in example 30.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3SEM picture of (a);
FIG. 5 shows LaCoO obtained in examples 1, 2 and 33、LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3、La0.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3XPS picture of Co element (b);
FIG. 6 shows LaCoO obtained in examples 1, 2 and 33、LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3、La0.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3XPS picture of O element(s);
FIG. 7 shows LaCoO obtained in examples 1 and 23、LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3Reflection loss plot at 1.8mm thickness;
FIG. 8 shows La obtained in example 30.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3Impedance matching plots at 1.8mm and 2.1mm thickness;
FIG. 9 shows La obtained in example 30.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3Reflection loss plots at different thicknesses.
FIG. 10 is a graph of reflection loss at 1.8mm for different K doping levels;
FIG. 11 is a graph of impedance matching at 1.8mm for different K doping levels.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Perovskite type LaCoO3The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing 4.330g of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate, 2.911g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and 3.842g of anhydrous citric acid, dissolving in 50mL of distilled water, and adjusting the pH to 7-7.5 (the precursor solution can be prepared into pure-phase perovskite nanocrystals within the pH value range of 5-13, wherein the product is uniformly fluffy when the pH is 7-7.5, and the product prepared from an acidic or alkaline precursor is an aggregate of irregular particles); magnetically stirring the mixed solution at 80 deg.C until the solution is sol; then putting the sol into a forced air drying oven, drying for 6 hours at constant temperature of 100 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out the obtained dry gel to obtain a dry gel precursor;
step 2, putting the dry gel precursor into a tube furnace, calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere at 900 ℃ for 8h at the heating rate of 4.4 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to obtain a perovskite product LaCoO3。
Example 2
LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3The preparation method of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing 4.330g of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate, 2.620g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and 0.404g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate, dissolving in 50mL of distilled water, adding 3.842g of anhydrous citric acid, stirring until the anhydrous citric acid is completely dissolved, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7-7.5 by using ammonia water; magnetically stirring the mixed solution at 80 deg.C until the solution is sol; then putting the sol into a forced air drying oven, drying for 6 hours at constant temperature of 100 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out the obtained dry gel to obtain a dry gel precursor;
step 2, putting the dry gel precursor into a tube furnace, calcining in a nitrogen atmosphere at 900 ℃ for 8h at the heating rate of 4.4 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to obtain a perovskite product LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3。
Example 3
La of the invention0.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3The preparation method of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing 3.464g of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate, 2.620g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, 0.202g of potassium nitrate and 0.404g of ferric nitrate nonahydrate, dissolving in 50mL of distilled water, adding 3.842g of anhydrous citric acid, stirring until the citric acid is completely dissolved, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7-7.5 by using ammonia water; magnetically stirring the mixed solution at 80 deg.C until the solution is sol; then putting the sol into a forced air drying oven, drying for 6 hours at constant temperature of 100 ℃, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out the obtained dry gel to obtain a dry gel precursor;
step 2, putting the dry gel precursor into a tube furnace, calcining in the nitrogen atmosphere, calcining for 8 hours at 900 ℃, and heatingThe speed is 4.4 ℃/min, and the perovskite product La is obtained after natural cooling0.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3。
As can be seen from fig. 1, the products obtained in examples 1, 2 and 3 have similar diffraction peaks, and doping does not have a significant effect on the perovskite phase. As can be seen from fig. 2 to 4, with the doping of iron ions and potassium ions, the morphology of the material is changed from irregular blocky small particles into more regular cubes with larger sizes.
As can be seen from fig. 5: introduction of Fe at position B3+Post, Co3+The relative content of (A) is slightly reduced; continuing to dope K at the A site+Post, Co3+The relative content of (a) is significantly increased.
As can be seen in fig. 6: with the doping of K at the A site and the B site respectively+And Fe3+Then, lattice oxygen (O)L) Gradually increases relative content of (A) and adsorbs oxygen (O)A) Gradually decreases in relative content. Lattice oxygen (O)L) Gradually increases relative content of (A) and adsorbs oxygen (O)A) The relative content of (a) is gradually reduced, which is mainly due to the change of surface adsorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen content caused by charge transfer caused by metal doping.
FIG. 7 shows LaCoO obtained in examples 1 and 23、LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3Reflection loss plot at 1.8mm thickness with sample to paraffin ratio of 4:1, as can be seen in FIG. 7, LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3The material shows excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance, the effective wave absorption frequency bandwidth can reach 5.04GHz (10.68-15.72GHz), and the minimum reflectivity can reach-27.682 dB. LaCoO not doped with iron element3The material does not have an effective electromagnetic wave absorption performance basically.
FIG. 8 shows La obtained in example 30.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3Reflection loss plots at 1.8mm and 2.1mm, sample to paraffin ratio 1:1, as can be seen in FIG. 8, La0.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3Exhibit a contrast to LaCo0.9Fe0.1O3Best shown electricityMagnetic wave absorption performance; when the thickness is 2.1mm, the effective wave-absorbing frequency bandwidth can reach 5.74GHz (11.3-17.04GHz), and the lowest reflectivity can reach-42.5 dB. When the thickness is 1.8mm, the effective wave-absorbing frequency bandwidth can reach 4.2GHz (13.8-18GHz), and the lowest reflectivity can reach-37.2 dB.
FIG. 9 shows La obtained in example 30.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3The reflection loss at different thicknesses is plotted, as can be seen in fig. 9: la0.8K0.2Co0.9Fe0.1O3The effective electromagnetic wave absorption performance is shown under the thickness of 1.8-5mm, and the effective wave absorption frequency bandwidth can effectively cover 4-18 GHz.

Claims (9)

1. A perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material co-doped with A site and B site is characterized in that: the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material is La1-xKxCo1-yFeyO3(ii) a Wherein X is 0.2-0.5 and Y is 0.1.
2. A preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing lanthanum salt, cobalt salt, ferric salt and potassium salt, taking anhydrous citric acid as a complexing agent, obtaining a dry gel precursor by adopting a sol-gel method, and then carrying out high-temperature heat treatment under an inert atmosphere to obtain an A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite product.
3. The preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the lanthanum salt, the cobalt salt, the ferric salt and the potassium salt are respectively lanthanum nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate and potassium nitrate.
4. The preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving lanthanum nitrate, cobalt nitrate, ferric nitrate and potassium nitrate in water, adding anhydrous citric acid to obtain a mixed solution, and stirring under a heating condition until the solution is in a sol state;
(2) drying the sol to obtain a dry gel precursor;
(3) and calcining the dry gel precursor in a nitrogen atmosphere, and naturally cooling to obtain an A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite product.
5. The preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the heating temperature is not lower than 80 ℃.
6. The preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the molar total amount of cobalt nitrate and ferric nitrate is equal to the molar total amount of lanthanum nitrate and potassium nitrate; the molar ratio of cobalt nitrate to ferric nitrate is 9: 1, the molar ratio of lanthanum nitrate to potassium nitrate is 1: 1-4: 1.
7. the preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the ratio of the addition amount of the complexing agent anhydrous citric acid to the total molar amount of the nitrate is 1: 1.
8. The preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the drying temperature is not lower than 100 ℃.
9. The preparation method of the A-site and B-site co-doped perovskite type electromagnetic wave-absorbing material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the temperature rise rate of the calcination is 4.2-4.4 ℃/min, and the calcination temperature is 850-900 ℃.
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