CN114044104A - Method for measuring minimum navigational speed of ship for keeping course - Google Patents
Method for measuring minimum navigational speed of ship for keeping course Download PDFInfo
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- CN114044104A CN114044104A CN202111291841.9A CN202111291841A CN114044104A CN 114044104 A CN114044104 A CN 114044104A CN 202111291841 A CN202111291841 A CN 202111291841A CN 114044104 A CN114044104 A CN 114044104A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B71/00—Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/004—Testing the effects of speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring the minimum navigational speed of a ship for keeping a course, which comprises the following steps: accelerating the speed of a sailing ship or a ship model to a preset sailing speed, and keeping the rudder angle of the ship or the ship model at a zero position; rotating the rudder angle from the zero position by a first preset angle to one of a left rudder or a right rudder, and reducing the navigational speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to a second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again; rotating the rudder angle from the zero position by a first preset angle to the other one of the left rudder or the right rudder, and reducing the navigational speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to reach a second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again; and respectively repeating the steps in the first course and the second course to record the speed as the first speed and the second speed, and finally obtaining the minimum speed of the ship keeping the course. The invention is applied to the technical field of ships.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a method for measuring the minimum navigational speed of a ship for keeping a course.
Background
The maneuverability of a ship is one of the most basic indexes for the operational safety of the ship. In order to have good maneuvering characteristics, improve navigation safety and reduce sea damage accidents, scientific and uniform maneuvering characteristics must be formulated to guide the design work of ships.
A schematic representation of the operational parameters is provided in IMO res.a.601(15) to specify the operational parameters that the ship design builder needs to provide to the operator to meet. The ship design constructor must provide relevant maneuverability data according to the standard schematic diagram, and the data source can be ship model test, real ship marine test or theoretical derivation.
The Minimum speed to main cruise ship is one of the important maneuverability parameters. However, no industry-recognized method for obtaining the parameter of keeping the heading of the ship at the minimum speed exists so far. For most conventional ships, the hull is symmetrical, and the rudder for steering the ship is also symmetrical to the midship section, so that theoretically, under the action of no wind, no wave, no flow and no propeller propelling force, the maneuverability parameter is infinitely close to zero when the rudder angle is at a zero position. However, when a ship actually sails, due to the influence of wind and wave flow, the ship must have a certain sailing speed and keep the course under the coordination of the rudder. The parameter is obtained by performing maneuverability test through a ship model test method in a test water pool which can simulate the natural environment. The parameters are obtained without theoretical derivation models to date. According to the discovery of a professional sea test unit with extremely high domestic market share, domestic shipbuilding enterprises have not required to perform the parameter test so far, and what kind of sea test method is adopted to acquire the data is unknown. Therefore, the maneuvering performance parameters provided for the owner in the maneuvering hanging chart drawn by the ship designer according to the requirements of the IMO Res.A.601(15) are estimated according to respective methods, and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for measuring the minimum navigational speed of a ship keeping course, which aims to solve the technical problem that the minimum navigational speed of the ship keeping course cannot be accurately measured in the prior art.
(2) Technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a minimum speed at which a ship maintains a heading, including:
s1, accelerating the ship or the ship model sailing in the first course to a preset sailing speed, and keeping the rudder angle of the ship or the ship model at a zero position;
s2, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position by a first preset angle to one of a left rudder or a right rudder, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to a second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s3, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position by a first preset angle to the other one of the left rudder or the right rudder, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to reach a second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s4, repeating the steps S2 to S3 until the course of the ship or the ship model is kept unchanged in preset time, and recording the navigational speed as a first navigational speed;
s5, accelerating the ship or the ship model with the course in the second course to the preset navigational speed, and keeping the rudder angle of the ship or the ship model at a zero position;
s6, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position to the first preset angle to one of the left rudder or the right rudder, reducing the navigational speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to reach the second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s7, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position to the other one of the left rudder or the right rudder by the first preset angle, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the change of the course angle of the ship or the ship model reaches the second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s8, repeating the steps S6 to S7 until the course of the ship or the ship model is kept unchanged in preset time, and recording the navigational speed as a second navigational speed;
and S9, recording the average value of the first navigational speed and the second navigational speed as the minimum navigational speed of the ship keeping the heading.
Optionally, the first preset angle is 35 °.
Optionally, the second preset angle is 5 °.
Optionally, the preset time is 120S.
Optionally, the first heading is a forward-flow heading.
Optionally, the second heading is an upstream heading.
Optionally, in step S5 and step S8, water depth, wind speed and wind direction are also recorded, respectively.
Optionally, in step S3, step S4, step S7 and step S8, the elapsed time used for the change of the heading angle of the ship or the ship model to reach the second preset angle is also recorded, respectively.
(3) Advantageous effects
In summary, the method for determining the minimum speed of the ship for keeping the course of the ship comprises the steps of repeatedly rotating the first preset angle to the left rudder or the right rudder, and reducing the speed when the course angle of the ship deflects to the second preset angle, so that the ship speed is repeatedly reduced along with the continuous reduction of the ship speed in the test process, the ship head direction does not change for a long time after a certain steering and stabilizing rudder angle, the fact that the ship can not be effectively controlled by the rudder at the speed is indicated, namely the rudder effect is lost, so that the first speed and the second speed are obtained, the first speed and the second speed are respectively measured in the first course and the second course, various working environments are summarized, finally, the average value of the first speed and the second speed is calculated to be used as the minimum speed of the ship for keeping the course, so that the minimum speed of the relatively accurate ship for keeping the course of the ship is determined, the obtained result is relatively accurate, the accuracy is high, and various navigation conditions are integrated, the gap of the ship maneuverability test for keeping the minimum speed performance of the ship is filled.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining a minimum speed at which a vessel may maintain a heading in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The natural forces of wind, wave, flow and the like existing in the natural environment inevitably generate course influence on a ship or a ship model in navigation, if the course is required to be kept, steering is needed to be steered, the deviated course is corrected, and the essence that the minimum speed of the ship for keeping the course is determined when a propeller stops is the minimum speed of the rudder for keeping the effective steering effect.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for determining a minimum speed of a ship for maintaining a heading includes:
s1, accelerating the ship or the ship model sailing in the first course to a preset sailing speed, and keeping the rudder angle of the ship or the ship model at a zero position;
s2, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position by a first preset angle to one of a left rudder or a right rudder, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to a second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s3, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position by a first preset angle to the other one of the left rudder or the right rudder, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to reach a second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s4, repeating the steps S2 to S3 until the course of the ship or the ship model is kept unchanged in preset time, and recording the navigational speed as a first navigational speed;
s5, accelerating the ship or the ship model with the course in the second course to the preset navigational speed, and keeping the rudder angle of the ship or the ship model at a zero position;
s6, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position to the first preset angle to one of the left rudder or the right rudder, reducing the navigational speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to reach the second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s7, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position to the other one of the left rudder or the right rudder by the first preset angle, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the change of the course angle of the ship or the ship model reaches the second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s8, repeating the steps S6 to S7 until the course of the ship or the ship model is kept unchanged in preset time, and recording the navigational speed as a second navigational speed;
and S9, recording the average value of the first navigational speed and the second navigational speed as the minimum navigational speed of the ship keeping the heading.
The method for measuring the minimum speed of the ship keeping course of the embodiment reduces the speed of the ship when the yaw angle of the ship is deflected to reach a second preset angle by repeatedly rotating a first preset angle to a left rudder or a right rudder, so that the speed of the ship is repeatedly reduced along with the continuous reduction of the speed of the ship in the test process, the initial heading direction of the ship is not changed for a long time after a certain steering and stabilizing rudder angle, the fact that the ship can not be effectively controlled by the rudder at the speed of the ship is indicated, namely the rudder effect is lost, so that the first speed of the ship and the second speed of the ship are obtained, the first speed of the ship and the second speed of the ship are respectively measured in the first course and the second course, various working environments are summarized, finally, the average value of the first speed of the ship and the second speed of the ship is calculated as the minimum speed of the ship keeping course, so that the minimum speed of the ship keeping course is determined relatively accurate, the obtained result is relatively accurate and high in precision, various navigation conditions are integrated, the gap of the ship maneuverability test for keeping the minimum speed performance of the ship is filled.
Preferably, the environment of the method for determining the minimum navigational speed of the ship for keeping the heading is adjusted to be free of strong wind and waves. The parameter has uncertainty and high sensitivity to natural condition change, and the parameter is mainly suitable for ensuring the rudder effect when a ship enters and exits a port so as to control the state of the ship, and the test environment is close to the environment without strong wind and strong waves at the port. During the test, the speed was recorded by GPS.
In one embodiment, the first predetermined angle is 35 °.
In one embodiment, the second predetermined angle is 5 °.
In an embodiment, the preset time is 120S.
In an embodiment, the first heading is a forward-flow heading.
In an embodiment, the second heading is a reverse heading.
In an embodiment, in step S5 and step S8, the water depth, wind speed, and wind direction are also recorded, respectively.
In an embodiment, in step S3, step S4, step S7 and step S8, the elapsed time used for the change of the heading angle of the ship or the ship model to reach the second preset angle is also recorded, respectively.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining the minimum navigational speed of a ship for keeping the heading is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, accelerating the ship or the ship model sailing in the first course to a preset sailing speed, and keeping the rudder angle of the ship or the ship model at a zero position;
s2, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position by a first preset angle to one of a left rudder or a right rudder, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to a second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s3, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position by a first preset angle to the other one of the left rudder or the right rudder, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to reach a second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s4, repeating the steps S2 to S3 until the course of the ship or the ship model is kept unchanged in preset time, and recording the navigational speed as a first navigational speed;
s5, accelerating the ship or the ship model with the course in the second course to the preset navigational speed, and keeping the rudder angle of the ship or the ship model at a zero position;
s6, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position to the first preset angle to one of the left rudder or the right rudder, reducing the navigational speed of the ship or the ship model when the course angle of the ship or the ship model changes to reach the second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s7, rotating the rudder angle from the zero position to the other one of the left rudder or the right rudder by the first preset angle, reducing the speed of the ship or the ship model when the change of the course angle of the ship or the ship model reaches the second preset angle, and returning the rudder angle to the zero position again;
s8, repeating the steps S6 to S7 until the course of the ship or the ship model is kept unchanged in preset time, and recording the navigational speed as a second navigational speed;
and S9, recording the average value of the first navigational speed and the second navigational speed as the minimum navigational speed of the ship keeping the heading.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first predetermined angle is 35 °.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second predetermined angle is 5 °.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predetermined time is 120S.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first heading is a forward-flow heading.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second heading is an adverse current heading.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in steps S5 and S8, the water depth, wind speed and wind direction are recorded.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elapsed time taken for the change of the heading angle of the ship or the model ship to reach the second predetermined angle is further recorded in the steps of S3, S4, S7 and S8.
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| CN202111291841.9A CN114044104B (en) | 2021-11-03 | 2021-11-03 | Method for measuring minimum speed of ship for keeping course |
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| CN202111291841.9A CN114044104B (en) | 2021-11-03 | 2021-11-03 | Method for measuring minimum speed of ship for keeping course |
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2021
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