CN114039488A - DC converter and on-vehicle DC conversion device - Google Patents
DC converter and on-vehicle DC conversion device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114039488A CN114039488A CN202111137801.9A CN202111137801A CN114039488A CN 114039488 A CN114039488 A CN 114039488A CN 202111137801 A CN202111137801 A CN 202111137801A CN 114039488 A CN114039488 A CN 114039488A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a direct current converter and vehicle-mounted direct current conversion equipment, wherein the direct current converter comprises a controller, a first power conversion unit, an isolation transformation unit and a voltage regulation circuit; the voltage regulating circuit comprises a resonance circuit and a second power conversion unit; under the condition that the direct current converter is in a reverse working mode, the controller controls the first power conversion unit to convert the input first direct current voltage into a first alternating current voltage; the isolation voltage transformation unit is used for converting the first alternating voltage into a second alternating voltage, and the effective value of the second alternating voltage is greater than that of the first alternating voltage; the effective value of the first alternating voltage is greater than zero; under the condition that the effective value of the second alternating voltage is smaller than the first target direct current voltage, the controller controls an energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy storage mode in a first time period; the controller controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in the energy release mode in the second time period. The embodiment of the application can realize high-gain reverse direct current conversion.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electronic circuits, in particular to a direct current converter and vehicle-mounted direct current conversion equipment.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy automobile industry, the functional requirements of vehicle-mounted Direct Current (DC) converters for supplying energy to low-voltage equipment are increasing, and not only the forward DC conversion is to be realized: the function of converting high-voltage direct current into low-voltage direct current is realized by the following auxiliary functions: for example, the function of converting low-voltage direct current into high-voltage direct current for discharging and pre-charging of a high-voltage bus is realized. However, the battery voltage on the low-voltage side is generally low, while the voltage on the high-voltage side is high, and the current dc converter cannot realize high-gain reverse dc conversion.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a direct current converter and vehicle-mounted direct current conversion equipment, which can realize high-gain reverse direct current conversion.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a dc converter, including a controller, a first power conversion unit, an isolation transformer unit, and a voltage regulation circuit; the voltage regulating circuit comprises a resonance circuit and a second power conversion unit;
under the condition that the direct current converter is in a reverse operation mode, the controller controls the first power conversion unit to convert the input first direct current voltage into a first alternating current voltage;
the isolation transformation unit is used for converting the first alternating voltage into a second alternating voltage, and the effective value of the second alternating voltage is greater than that of the first alternating voltage; the effective value of the first alternating voltage is greater than zero;
under the condition that the effective value of the second alternating voltage is smaller than a first target direct current voltage, the controller controls an energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy storage mode in a first time period; in the energy storage mode, the second power conversion unit controls the second alternating voltage to store energy to an energy storage element in the resonant circuit; the controller controls an energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy release mode in a second time period; in the energy release mode, the second power conversion unit controls the energy storage element to supply power to a load; during the first time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in an ascending trend; during the second time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in a descending trend.
Optionally, the controller controls the first power conversion unit to convert the input first direct-current voltage into the first alternating-current voltage, and includes:
the controller sends a first control signal to the first power conversion unit, wherein the first control signal is used for controlling the first power conversion unit to convert the input first direct-current voltage into a first alternating-current voltage;
the controller reduces the duty ratio of the first control signal when the effective value of the second alternating voltage is greater than the first target direct current voltage.
Optionally, the second power conversion unit includes: the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube; the resonance circuit comprises a resonance inductor, an excitation inductor and a resonance capacitor; the isolation transformation unit comprises a first winding and a second winding, and the number of turns of the first winding is greater than that of the turns of the second winding;
the first end of first switch tube is connected the first end of third switch tube with the first end of load, the second end of first switch tube is connected the first end of second switch tube with the first end of resonance inductance, the second end of resonance inductance is connected the first end of excitation inductance with the first end of first winding, the second end of excitation inductance is connected the second end of first winding with the first end of resonance capacitance, the second end of resonance capacitance is connected the first end of fourth switch tube with the second end of third switch tube, the second end of fourth switch tube is connected the second end of second switch tube with the second end of load.
Optionally, the dc converter further includes a first capacitor, and the first power conversion unit includes: a fifth switching tube, the sixth switching tube, the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube;
the first end of the fifth switching tube is connected with the first end of the seventh switching tube and the anode of the first capacitor, the second end of the seventh switching tube is connected with the first end of the second winding and the first end of the eighth switching tube, the second end of the second winding is connected with the second end of the fifth switching tube and the first end of the sixth switching tube, and the second end of the sixth switching tube is connected with the second end of the eighth switching tube and the cathode of the first capacitor.
Optionally, the controller controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in the energy storage mode during the first period, including:
in the first time period, if the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding is a positive value, the controller controls the second switching tube to be switched on and the first switching tube to be switched off, and the resonant inductor, the second switching tube, the resonant capacitor of the fourth switching tube and the excitation inductor form a first resonant loop so as to enable the resonant inductor to store energy;
in the first time period, if the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding is a negative value, the controller controls the first switching tube to be switched on and the second switching tube to be switched off, and the resonant inductor, the excitation inductor, the resonant capacitor, the third switching tube and the first switching tube form a second resonant loop so that the resonant inductor stores energy.
Optionally, the controller controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in the energy release mode in the second time period, including:
in the second time period, under the condition that the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding is a positive value, the controller controls the first switching tube to be switched on and the second switching tube to be switched off, and the resonant inductor supplies power to the load through the first switching tube;
in the second time period, under the condition that the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding is a negative value, the controller controls the second switching tube to be switched on and the first switching tube to be switched off, and the resonant inductor supplies power to the load through the excitation inductor, the excitation capacitor and the third switching tube.
Optionally, the first control signal includes a first wave-sending control signal and a second wave-sending control signal;
the first transmitting wave control signal is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube; the second wave-generating control signal is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube;
under the condition that the first wave-emitting signal controls the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube to be conducted, and the second wave-emitting control signal controls the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube to be turned off, the voltage between the first end and the second end of the second winding is a negative value;
under the condition that the first wave-generating signal controls the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube to be switched off and the second wave-generating control signal controls the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube to be switched on, the voltage between the first end and the second end of the second winding is a positive value; the frequency of the first wave-emitting control signal is equal to that of the second wave-emitting control signal, and the duty ratio of the first wave-emitting control signal is equal to that of the second wave-emitting control signal.
Optionally, the controller controls an energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy storage mode or an energy release mode through a second control signal; the second control signal comprises a first energy storage charging control signal and a second energy storage charging control signal; the frequency of the first energy storage charging control signal is equal to that of the second energy storage charging control signal, and the duty ratio of the first energy storage charging control signal is equal to that of the second energy storage charging control signal; the frequency of the first launch control signal is equal to that of the first energy storage charging control signal, and the duty cycle of the first launch control signal is equal to that of the first energy storage charging control signal;
the first energy storage charging control signal is used for controlling the on or off of the first switching tube; the second energy storage charging control signal is used for controlling the second switching tube to be switched on or switched off.
Optionally, a phase shift angle between the first energy storage charging control signal and the first launch control signal is greater than 0 and less than 90 degrees;
the phase shift angle between the second energy storage charging control signal and the second wave-sending control signal is larger than 0 and smaller than 90 degrees.
Optionally, the frequency of the first launch control signal is greater than or equal to the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.
Optionally, the dc converter further includes a second capacitor, and the first power conversion unit includes: a ninth switching tube and a tenth switching tube;
the first end of the ninth switching tube is connected with the first end of the second winding, the first end of the tenth switching tube is connected with the second end of the second winding, the first end of the second capacitor is connected with a middle tap of the second winding, and the second end of the ninth switching tube is connected with the second end of the tenth switching tube and the second end of the second capacitor.
Optionally, when the dc converter is in the forward operating mode, the controller controls the voltage regulating circuit to convert the input second dc voltage into a third ac voltage;
the isolation transformation unit is used for converting the third alternating voltage into a fourth alternating voltage, and the effective value of the fourth alternating voltage is smaller than that of the third alternating voltage;
the controller controls the first power conversion unit to convert the fourth alternating-current voltage into a second target direct-current voltage.
A second aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted dc converter apparatus including the dc converter described in the first aspect.
The direct current converter comprises a controller, a first power conversion unit, an isolation transformation unit and a voltage regulation circuit; the voltage regulating circuit comprises a resonance circuit and a second power conversion unit; under the condition that the direct current converter is in a reverse operation mode, the controller controls the first power conversion unit to convert the input first direct current voltage into a first alternating current voltage; the isolation transformation unit is used for converting the first alternating voltage into a second alternating voltage, and the effective value of the second alternating voltage is greater than that of the first alternating voltage; the effective value of the first alternating voltage is greater than zero; under the condition that the effective value of the second alternating voltage is smaller than a first target direct current voltage, the controller controls an energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy storage mode in a first time period; in the energy storage mode, the second power conversion unit controls the second alternating voltage to store energy to an energy storage element in the resonant circuit; the controller controls an energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy release mode in a second time period; in the energy release mode, the second power conversion unit controls the energy storage element to supply power to a load; during the first time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in an ascending trend; during the second time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in a descending trend. During the energy storage process, the effective values of the first alternating voltage and the second alternating voltage are greater than zero.
According to the embodiment of the application, when the direct current converter is in a reverse working mode, the input first direct current voltage can be converted into the first alternating current voltage through the first power conversion unit, the first alternating current voltage is converted into the second alternating current voltage with a higher effective value through the isolation transformation unit, the alternating current voltage is boosted, then under the condition that the effective value of the second alternating current voltage is smaller than the first target direct current voltage, namely the second alternating current voltage is still lower than the first target direct current voltage, the controller enables the energy storage element in the resonant circuit to store energy continuously in the first time period, and enables the energy storage element to supply power to a load in the second time period, and the energy storage in the energy storage element is in a rising trend in the first time period; in the second time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in a descending trend, so that the stored energy of the energy storage element can be maximized, the voltage of the energy storage element after supplying power to the load can reach the first target direct current voltage, and the high-gain reverse direct current conversion can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc converter according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another dc converter provided in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic waveform diagram of a control signal provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another dc converter provided in the embodiments of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted dc conversion device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements but may alternatively include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, system, article, or apparatus.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the specification. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dc converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the dc converter 100 includes a controller 10, a first power conversion unit 20, an isolation transformer unit 30, and a voltage regulation circuit 40; the voltage regulating circuit 40 includes a resonance circuit 41 and a second power conversion unit 42;
in the case where the dc converter 100 is in the reverse operation mode, the controller 10 controls the first power conversion unit 20 to convert the input first dc voltage into a first ac voltage;
the isolation transformer unit 30 is configured to convert the first ac voltage into a second ac voltage, where an effective value of the second ac voltage is greater than an effective value of the first ac voltage; the effective value of the first alternating voltage is greater than zero;
in the case that the effective value of the second ac voltage is smaller than the first target dc voltage, the controller 10 controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit 41 to be in the energy storage mode for a first period of time; in the energy storage mode, the second power conversion unit 42 controls the second alternating voltage to store energy in an energy storage element in the resonant circuit 41; the controller 10 controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit 41 to be in the energy release mode in a second time period; in the energy release mode, the second power conversion unit 42 controls the energy storage element to supply power to a load Z1; during the first time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in an ascending trend; during the second time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in a descending trend.
The load Z1 may be a capacitor, a load such as an inductor, a resistor, or a combination of at least two of a capacitor, an inductor, and a resistor, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited.
The energy storage element in the resonant circuit 41 may be an energy storage inductor, such as a resonant inductor in the resonant capacitor 41.
In the embodiment of the present application, the dc converter 100 may be in a forward operation mode or a reverse operation mode.
In the case where the dc converter 100 is in the reverse operation mode, the low-voltage dc voltage V _ LV on the right side of fig. 1 may be converted into the high-voltage dc voltage V _ HV on the left side of fig. 1. The conversion from low-voltage direct current to high-voltage direct current can be realized.
In the case where the dc converter 100 is in the forward operation mode, the high-voltage dc voltage V _ HV on the left side of fig. 1 may be converted into a low-voltage dc voltage V _ LV on the right side of fig. 1. The conversion from high-voltage direct current to low-voltage direct current can be realized.
In the case that the dc converter 100 is in the reverse operation mode, the controller 10 controls the first power conversion unit 20 to convert the input first dc voltage (low-voltage dc voltage V _ LV) into the first ac voltage, the isolation transformer unit 30 converts the first ac voltage into the second ac voltage (at this time, the isolation transformer unit 30 operates in the isolation boost mode), and the controller 10 controls the voltage regulation circuit 40 to convert the second ac voltage into the first target dc voltage. The first target dc voltage is a dc voltage required by the dc converter 100 at the high-voltage side (left side in fig. 1) in the reverse operation mode. If the effective value of the second ac voltage is smaller than the first target dc voltage, it indicates that the second ac voltage boosted by the isolation transformer unit 30 is still smaller than the first target dc voltage after being converted into the dc voltage, at this time, under the control of the controller 10, the controller 10 allows the energy storage element in the resonant circuit 41 to store energy continuously for a first time period, and allows the energy storage element to supply power to the load Z1 for a second time period, because the stored energy in the energy storage element is in a rising trend during the first time period; in the second time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in a descending trend, so that the voltage of the energy storage element after supplying power to the load Z1 can reach the first target direct current voltage, and therefore high-gain reverse direct current conversion can be achieved.
In the case where the dc converter 100 is in the forward operation mode, the controller 10 controls the voltage regulating circuit to convert the input second dc voltage (high-voltage dc voltage V _ HV) into a third ac voltage; the isolation transforming unit 30 transforms the third ac voltage into a fourth ac voltage (at this time, the isolation transforming unit 30 works in an isolation step-down mode), and the controller 10 controls the first power transforming unit 20 to transform the fourth ac voltage into a second target dc voltage.
Optionally, the controller 10 controls the first power conversion unit 20 to convert the input first direct-current voltage into the first alternating-current voltage, including:
the controller 10 sends a first control signal to the first power conversion unit 20, where the first control signal is used to control the first power conversion unit 20 to convert the input first direct-current voltage into a first alternating-current voltage;
in the case where the effective value of the second ac voltage is greater than the first target dc voltage, the controller 10 decreases the duty ratio of the first control signal.
The first control signal may drive the first power conversion unit 20 to operate, so that the first power conversion unit 20 converts the first direct-current voltage into the first alternating-current voltage. The first control signal may control the amplitude and frequency of the first alternating voltage. Specifically, the frequency of the first ac voltage may be adjusted according to the frequency of the first control signal, and the amplitude of the first ac voltage may be adjusted according to the duty cycle of the first control signal. The larger the duty ratio of the first control signal, the larger the amplitude of the first alternating voltage. The first control signal may be a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal. For example, the first control signal may be a square wave signal with a duty ratio D, and D is between 0% and 50%. In order to increase the dc voltage output from the dc converter 100 as much as possible while the dc converter 100 is in the reverse operation mode, the initial duty ratio of the first control signal may be set to 50%.
The isolation transforming unit 30 may be a transformer that may perform boosting or stepping-down by controlling a turn ratio of a winding to realize conversion between alternating voltages. When the dc converter 100 is in the reverse operation mode, the isolation transformer unit 30 may perform a boosting function, that is, may convert an ac voltage with a low effective value into an ac voltage with a high effective value. When the dc converter 100 is in the forward operation mode, the isolation transformer unit 30 may perform a step-down function, that is, may convert an ac voltage with a high effective value into an ac voltage with a low effective value.
If the first dc voltage is Vin, the first target dc voltage is Vo, and the turn ratio of the isolation transformer unit 30 is n: 1, Vo ═ n ═ Vin ═ D. Wherein D is the duty cycle of the first control signal. Since Vin and n are both known in advance, in the case where n × Vin × D > Vo (i.e., in the case where the effective value of the second ac voltage is greater than the first target dc voltage), by lowering the value of D, Vo × n × Vin × D is caused.
The controller 10 may control the duty ratio D of the first control signal so that the dc converter 100 can output the first target dc voltage Vo when operating in the reverse direction. n Vin is the effective value of the second alternating voltage.
According to the embodiment of the application, when the direct current converter 100 is in the reverse working mode, under the condition that the effective value of the second alternating current voltage is greater than the first target direct current voltage, the duty ratio of the first control signal is reduced, so that the effective value of the second alternating current voltage is equal to the first target direct current voltage, and the direct current voltage which works reversely can be simply and effectively adjusted by reducing the duty ratio of the first control signal.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another dc converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is further optimized based on fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2, the second power conversion unit 42 includes: a first switch tube Q1, the second switch tube Q2, the third switch tube Q3 and the fourth switch tube Q4; the resonant circuit 41 comprises a resonant inductor Lr, an excitation inductor Lm and a resonant capacitor Cr; the isolation transformation unit 30 comprises a first winding W1 and a second winding W2, and the number of turns of the first winding W1 is greater than that of the second winding W2; wherein, the ratio of the number of turns of the first winding W1 to the number of turns of the second winding W2 is n (the ratio of the number of turns of the first winding W1 to the number of turns of the second winding W2 refers to the ratio of the number of turns between the first end and the second end of the number of turns of the first winding W1 to the number of turns between the first end and the second end of the second winding W2), and n is larger than 0.
A first terminal of the first switching tube Q1 is connected to a first terminal of the third switching tube Q3 and a first terminal of the load Z1, a second terminal of the first switching tube Q1 is connected to a first terminal of the second switching tube Q2 and a first terminal of the resonant inductor Lr, a second terminal of the resonant inductor Lr is connected to a first terminal of the excitation inductor Lm and a first terminal of the first winding W1, a second terminal of the excitation inductor Lm is connected to a second terminal of the first winding W1 and a first terminal of the resonant capacitor Cr, a second terminal of the resonant capacitor Cr is connected to a first terminal of the fourth switching tube Q4 and a second terminal of the third switching tube Q3, and a second terminal of the fourth switching tube Q4 is connected to a second terminal of the second switching tube Q2 and a second terminal of the load Z1. When the load Z1 is a capacitor, if the capacitor is a non-polar capacitor, the first terminal of the load Z1 may be a first terminal of the capacitor, and the second terminal of the load Z1 may be a second terminal of the capacitor; if the capacitor is a polar capacitor, the first terminal of the load Z1 may be the positive terminal of the capacitor and the second terminal of the load Z1 may be the negative terminal of the capacitor.
The switch tube in fig. 2 is an N-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (NMOS) transistor as an example. As can be seen from fig. 2, each switching tube is connected in parallel with a parasitic diode. The parasitic diode is due to the manufacturing process. In fig. 2, a parasitic diode is connected in parallel between the drain (D pole) and the source (S pole) of the NMOS transistor, the anode of the parasitic diode is connected to the source of the NMOS transistor, and the cathode of the parasitic diode is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor.
In the embodiment of the present application, the second power conversion unit 42 is in the energy storage mode in the first time period under the control of the controller 10, in the first time period, the controller 10 controls the second switching tube Q2 to be turned on in the first time period, so that the resonant inductor Lr, the parasitic diode of the second switching tube Q2, the parasitic diode of the fourth switching tube Q4, the resonant capacitor Cr, and the excitation inductor Lm form a resonant loop, and controls the current in the resonant inductor Lr to rise, and the energy storage in the resonant inductor Lr is in a rising trend. The second power conversion unit 42 is in the energy release mode in the second time period under the control of the controller 10, and in the second time period, the current in the resonant inductor Lr decreases, and at this time, the power is supplied to the load Z1 through the resonant inductor Lr, so that the energy storage of the resonant inductor Lr can be maximized, the voltage after the resonant inductor Lr supplies power to the load Z1 can reach the first target dc voltage, and thus the high-gain reverse dc conversion can be realized.
During the energy storage process, the effective values of the first alternating voltage and the second alternating voltage are greater than zero. In the energy storage process, the voltage across the first winding W1 and the second winding W2 of the isolation transformation unit is not equal to zero, and when the energy is stored, the first winding W1 and/or the second winding W2 are not short-circuited, but the energy storage of the resonant inductor Lr is realized by controlling the turn-off of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2. If the first winding W1 and/or the second winding W2 are short-circuited, the energy transfer is suspended by the isolated transforming unit, and the energy transfer efficiency is low. When the resonant inductor Lr stores energy, the first winding W1 and/or the second winding W2 do not need to be short-circuited, the isolation transformation unit still transmits energy when the Lr stores energy, and the energy conversion efficiency is higher.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, the dc converter 100 shown in fig. 2 further includes a first capacitor C1, and the first power conversion unit 20 includes: a fifth switch tube Q5, the sixth switch tube Q6, the seventh switch tube Q7 and the eighth switch tube Q8;
a first end of the fifth switching tube Q5 is connected to a first end of the seventh switching tube Q7 and a positive electrode of the first capacitor C1, a second end of the seventh switching tube Q7 is connected to a first end of the second winding W2 and a first end of the eighth switching tube Q8, a second end of the second winding W2 is connected to a second end of the fifth switching tube Q5 and a first end of the sixth switching tube Q6, and a second end of the sixth switching tube Q6 is connected to a second end of the eighth switching tube Q8 and a negative electrode of the first capacitor C1.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the controller 10 controls the sixth switching tube Q6 and the seventh switching tube Q7 to be turned on and the fifth switching tube Q5 and the eighth switching tube Q8 to be turned off, a voltage V _ AB (a first ac voltage) between a first end (e.g., the end a in fig. 2) and a second end (e.g., the end B in fig. 2) of the second winding W2 is a positive value, and a voltage V _ CD (a second ac voltage) between the first end (e.g., the end C in fig. 2) and the second end (e.g., the end D in fig. 2) of the first winding W1 is a positive value.
When the controller 10 controls the fifth switching tube Q5 and the eighth switching tube Q8 to be turned on and the sixth switching tube Q6 and the seventh switching tube Q7 to be turned off, a voltage V _ AB (a first ac voltage) between a first end (e.g., the end a in fig. 2) and a second end (e.g., the end B in fig. 2) of the second winding W2 is a negative value, and a voltage V _ CD (a second ac voltage) between a first end (e.g., the end C in fig. 2) and a second end (e.g., the end D in fig. 2) of the first winding W1 is a negative value.
Optionally, the controller 10 controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit 41 to be in the energy storage mode during the first period, including:
in the first time period, if a voltage V _ CD (i.e., a second alternating voltage) between the first end and the second end of the first winding W1 is a positive value, the controller 10 controls the second switching tube Q2 to be turned on and the first switching tube Q1 to be turned off, and the resonant inductor Lr, the second switching tube Q2, the fourth switching tube Q4, the resonant capacitor Cr and the excitation inductor Lm form a first resonant tank, so that the resonant inductor Lr stores energy;
in the first time period, if the voltage V _ CD between the first end and the second end of the first winding W1 is a negative value, the controller 10 controls the first switching tube Q1 to be turned on and the second switching tube Q2 to be turned off, and the resonant inductor Lr, the excitation inductor Lm, the resonant capacitor Cr, the third switching tube Q3, and the first switching tube Q1 form a second resonant tank, so that the resonant inductor Lr stores energy.
Optionally, the controller 10 controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit 41 to be in the energy release mode during the second period, including:
in the second time period, when the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding W1 is a positive value, the controller 10 controls the first switching tube Q1 to be turned on and the second switching tube Q2 to be turned off, and the resonant inductor Lr supplies power to the load Z1 through the first switching tube Q1;
in the second time period, when the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding W1 is a negative value, the controller 10 controls the second switching tube Q2 to be turned on and the first switching tube Q1 to be turned off, and the resonant inductor Lr supplies power to the load Z1 through the excitation inductor Lm, the excitation capacitor, and the third switching tube Q3.
Optionally, the first control signal includes a first wave-sending control signal and a second wave-sending control signal;
the first transmitting control signal is used for controlling the fifth switch tube Q5 and the eighth switch tube Q8 to be switched on or switched off; the second wave-sending control signal is used for controlling the sixth switching tube Q6 and the seventh switching tube Q7 to be switched on or off;
under the condition that the first wave-emitting signal controls the fifth switching tube Q5 and the eighth switching tube Q8 to be conducted, and the second wave-emitting control signal controls the sixth switching tube Q6 and the seventh switching tube Q7 to be turned off, the voltage between the first end and the second end of the second winding W2 is a negative value;
under the condition that the first wave-emitting signal controls the fifth switching tube Q5 and the eighth switching tube Q8 to be turned off, and the second wave-emitting control signal controls the sixth switching tube Q6 and the seventh switching tube Q7 to be turned on, the voltage between the first end and the second end of the second winding W2 is a positive value; the frequency of the first wave-emitting control signal is equal to that of the second wave-emitting control signal, and the duty ratio of the first wave-emitting control signal is equal to that of the second wave-emitting control signal.
Under the condition that the dc converter 100 is in the reverse operation mode, the first control signal is a wave generating signal, and the controller 10 can control the on and off of the switching tube in the first power conversion unit 20 through the first control signal, so as to convert the first dc voltage into the first ac voltage, thereby implementing the wave generating function.
Optionally, the controller 10 controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit 41 to be in an energy storage mode or an energy release mode through a second control signal; the second control signal comprises a first energy storage charging control signal and a second energy storage charging control signal; the frequency of the first energy storage charging control signal is equal to that of the second energy storage charging control signal, and the duty ratio of the first energy storage charging control signal is equal to that of the second energy storage charging control signal; the frequency of the first launch control signal is equal to that of the first energy storage charging control signal, and the duty cycle of the first launch control signal is equal to that of the first energy storage charging control signal;
the first energy storage charging control signal is used for controlling the on or off of the first switching tube Q1; the second energy storage charging control signal is used for controlling the second switching tube Q2 to be turned on or off.
Optionally, a phase shift angle between the first energy storage charging control signal and the first launch control signal is greater than 0 and less than 90 degrees;
the phase shift angle between the second energy storage charging control signal and the second wave-sending control signal is larger than 0 and smaller than 90 degrees.
The phase shift angle between the first energy storage charging control signal and the first wave-emitting control signal is larger than 0 and smaller than 90 degrees, namely pi/2, and the phase shift angle between the second energy storage charging control signal and the second wave-emitting control signal is larger than 0 and smaller than 90 degrees, namely pi/2.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic waveform diagram of a control signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 3, DR _ P _ H is the first energy storage and charge control signal, DR _ P _ L is the second energy storage and charge control signal, V _ CD is the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding W1, and V _ EF is the voltage between the first end of the resonant inductor Lr and the second end of the resonant capacitor Cr (e.g., the voltage between points E and F in fig. 2). DR _ S _ H is a first wave-emitting control signal, and DR _ S _ L is a second wave-emitting control signal. DR _ P _ H leads DR _ S _ H, and DR _ P _ L leads DR _ S _ L. In FIG. 3, the lead time is 1/4 cycles, which is converted into a phase shift angle of π/2. The waveform of the control signal of fig. 3 is applied to the circuit of fig. 2, and all the switch transistors in fig. 2 are NMOS transistors (high level on, low level off).
As can be seen from fig. 3, during the time period t1, V _ CD < 0, DR _ P _ H drives Q1 to turn on to store energy for resonant inductor Lr, and the current on Lr gradually rises to the maximum forward value (reaches the maximum at the boundary between t1 and t 2); in a time period t2, V _ CD is less than 0, DR _ P _ L drives Q2 to be switched on, Lr supplies power to a load Z1, the current I _ Lr on the Lr gradually decreases, and V _ EF rises to the positive maximum value; in a time period t3, V _ CD is greater than 0, DR _ P _ L drives Q2 to be conducted to store energy for inductance Lr, the current on Lr gradually rises to a negative maximum value (the maximum is reached at the junction of t3 and t 4), and V _ EF falls; during the time period t4, V _ CD > 0, DR _ P _ H drives Q1 to be switched on, Lr supplies power to Z1, the absolute value of the current on Lr gradually decreases, and V _ EF decreases to the negative maximum value.
The input-output gain expression can be seen in the following equation:
where Vo is the first target dc voltage, Vin is the first dc voltage, t _ on represents a phase shift time within one resonance period, t _ off represents a time other than the phase shift time within one resonance period, and n is a ratio of the number of turns of the first winding W1 to the number of turns of the second winding W2. Optionally, the frequency of the first launch control signal is greater than or equal to the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.
In this embodiment, when the frequency of the first launch control signal is equal to the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit, the more energy is stored in the resonant inductor Lr, the higher the input-output gain is.
Alternatively, the input-output gain expression may be seen in the following equation:
the input-output voltage gain formula is derived as follows:
resonant frequency
Maximum current, voltage across the resonant inductor (Q is the circuit quality factor):
Umax:＝Q·Up
Imax:＝Q·Ir
resonance angular frequency: omega:2pi · fr
Instantaneous current, voltage across the resonant inductor:
U(t):＝Umax·cos(ω·t)
I(t):＝Imax·sin(ω·t)
the product of the inductance at the time of energy storage:
the product of the inductance up-volt-second when releasing energy:
E_off:＝(Vo-Up)·t_off
balanced by volt-seconds:
E_on:＝E_off
then there are:
the formula is applicable to fixed frequency shift phases and fixed frequency modulation widths. The fixed frequency refers to that the frequency of the first energy storage charging control signal, the frequency of the second energy storage charging control signal, the frequency of the first launch control signal and the frequency of the first energy storage charging control signal are fixed and unchangeable. In the fixed frequency shift phase, t _ on represents the phase shift time; at fixed frequency modulation width, t _ on represents the on time of the power switch tube (Q1 or Q2).
The embodiment of the application can utilize the resonant inductor in the resonant circuit to construct a 2-path interleaved parallel BOOST (BOOST) converter circuit.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another dc converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 is further optimized based on fig. 1. As shown in fig. 4, the dc converter 100 further includes a second capacitor C2, and the first power conversion unit 20 includes: a ninth switching tube Q9 and a tenth switching tube Q10;
a first end of the ninth switching tube Q9 is connected to the first end of the second winding W2, a first end of the tenth switching tube Q10 is connected to the second end of the second winding W2, an anode of the second capacitor C2 is connected to a center tap of the second winding W2, and a second end of the ninth switching tube Q9 is connected to the second end of the tenth switching tube Q10 and a cathode of the second capacitor C2.
Wherein the number of turns between the center tap of the second winding W2 and the second end of the second winding W2 is smaller than the number of turns between the first end and the second end of the second winding W2.
When DR _ S _ H is low and DR _ S _ L is high, the first power conversion unit 20 converts the input first dc voltage into a first ac voltage V _ OB which is a positive value, and at this time, the second ac voltage V _ CD is also a positive value; when DR _ S _ H is high and DR _ S _ L is low, the first power conversion unit 20 converts the input first dc voltage into the first ac voltage V _ AO, which is a negative value, and the second ac voltage V _ CD is a negative value at this time.
The embodiment of the present application provides another structure of the first power conversion unit 20, which can also implement the function of wave generation.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted dc conversion device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the on-vehicle dc converter apparatus 1000 includes the dc converter shown in fig. 1, and may further include a first control switch S1, a second control switch S2, a high-voltage dc power source V _ HV and a low-voltage dc power source V _ LV, and when the first control switch S1 and the second control switch S2 are simultaneously turned on, the switching between the two dc power sources (the left V _ HV and the right V _ LV) is enabled.
The embodiment of the application designs a vehicle-mounted direct current conversion device comprising a direct current converter, when the direct current converter is in a reverse working mode, an input first direct current voltage can be converted into a first alternating current voltage through a first power conversion unit, the first alternating current voltage is converted into a second alternating current voltage with a higher effective value through an isolation transformation unit, the alternating current voltage is boosted, then under the condition that the effective value of the second alternating current voltage is smaller than a first target direct current voltage, namely the second alternating current voltage is still lower than the rectified direct current voltage of the first target direct current voltage, an energy storage element in a resonant circuit is enabled to store energy continuously by a controller in a first time period, the energy storage element is enabled to supply power to a load in a second time period, and the energy storage in the energy storage element is in a rising trend in the first time period; in the second time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in a descending trend, so that the stored energy of the energy storage element can be maximized, the voltage of the energy storage element after supplying power to the load can reach the first target direct current voltage, and the high-gain reverse direct current conversion can be realized.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed dc converter and the onboard dc conversion device may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above described dc converter embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the cells is merely a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be other divisions, for example, multiple cells or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented.
Claims (12)
1. A direct current converter is characterized by comprising a controller, a first power conversion unit, an isolation transformation unit and a voltage regulation circuit; the voltage regulating circuit comprises a resonance circuit and a second power conversion unit;
under the condition that the direct current converter is in a reverse operation mode, the controller controls the first power conversion unit to convert the input first direct current voltage into a first alternating current voltage;
the isolation transformation unit is used for converting the first alternating voltage into a second alternating voltage, and the effective value of the second alternating voltage is greater than that of the first alternating voltage; the effective value of the first alternating voltage is greater than zero;
under the condition that the effective value of the second alternating voltage is smaller than a first target direct current voltage, the controller controls an energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy storage mode in a first time period; in the energy storage mode, the second power conversion unit controls the second alternating voltage to store energy to an energy storage element in the resonant circuit; the controller controls an energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy release mode in a second time period; in the energy release mode, the second power conversion unit controls the energy storage element to supply power to a load; during the first time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in an ascending trend; during the second time period, the stored energy in the energy storage element is in a descending trend.
2. The dc converter according to claim 1, wherein the controller controls the first power conversion unit to convert the input first dc voltage into the first ac voltage, and comprises:
the controller sends a first control signal to the first power conversion unit, wherein the first control signal is used for controlling the first power conversion unit to convert the input first direct-current voltage into a first alternating-current voltage;
the controller reduces the duty ratio of the first control signal when the effective value of the second alternating voltage is greater than the first target direct current voltage.
3. The dc converter according to claim 2, wherein the second power conversion unit comprises: the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube; the resonance circuit comprises a resonance inductor, an excitation inductor and a resonance capacitor; the isolation transformation unit comprises a first winding and a second winding, and the number of turns of the first winding is greater than that of the turns of the second winding;
the first end of first switch tube is connected the first end of third switch tube with the first end of load, the second end of first switch tube is connected the first end of second switch tube with the first end of resonance inductance, the second end of resonance inductance is connected the first end of excitation inductance with the first end of first winding, the second end of excitation inductance is connected the second end of first winding with the first end of resonance capacitance, the second end of resonance capacitance is connected the first end of fourth switch tube with the second end of third switch tube, the second end of fourth switch tube is connected the second end of second switch tube with the second end of load.
4. The dc converter of claim 3, further comprising a first capacitor, the first power conversion unit comprising: a fifth switching tube, the sixth switching tube, the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube;
the first end of the fifth switching tube is connected with the first end of the seventh switching tube and the anode of the first capacitor, the second end of the seventh switching tube is connected with the first end of the second winding and the first end of the eighth switching tube, the second end of the second winding is connected with the second end of the fifth switching tube and the first end of the sixth switching tube, and the second end of the sixth switching tube is connected with the second end of the eighth switching tube and the cathode of the first capacitor.
5. The DC converter of claim 4, wherein the controller controls a tank element in the resonant circuit to be in a tank mode for a first period of time, comprising:
in the first time period, if the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding is a positive value, the controller controls the second switching tube to be switched on and the first switching tube to be switched off, and the resonant inductor, the second switching tube, the fourth switching tube, the resonant capacitor and the excitation inductor form a first resonant loop so as to enable the resonant inductor to store energy;
in the first time period, if the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding is a negative value, the controller controls the first switching tube to be switched on and the second switching tube to be switched off, and the resonant inductor, the excitation inductor, the resonant capacitor, the third switching tube and the first switching tube form a second resonant loop so that the resonant inductor stores energy.
6. The dc converter of claim 5, wherein the controller controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in a de-energized mode for a second period of time, comprising:
in the second time period, under the condition that the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding is a positive value, the controller controls the first switching tube to be switched on and the second switching tube to be switched off, and the resonant inductor supplies power to the load through the first switching tube;
in the second time period, under the condition that the voltage between the first end and the second end of the first winding is a negative value, the controller controls the second switching tube to be switched on and the first switching tube to be switched off, and the resonant inductor supplies power to the load through the excitation inductor, the excitation capacitor and the third switching tube.
7. The dc converter of claim 6, wherein the first control signal comprises a first ripple control signal and a second ripple control signal;
the first transmitting wave control signal is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube; the second wave-generating control signal is used for controlling the connection or disconnection of the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube;
under the condition that the first wave-emitting signal controls the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube to be conducted, and the second wave-emitting control signal controls the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube to be turned off, the voltage between the first end and the second end of the second winding is a negative value;
under the condition that the first wave-generating signal controls the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube to be switched off and the second wave-generating control signal controls the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube to be switched on, the voltage between the first end and the second end of the second winding is a positive value; the frequency of the first wave-emitting control signal is equal to that of the second wave-emitting control signal, and the duty ratio of the first wave-emitting control signal is equal to that of the second wave-emitting control signal.
8. The DC converter according to claim 7, wherein the controller controls the energy storage element in the resonant circuit to be in an energy storage mode or an energy release mode through a second control signal; the second control signal comprises a first energy storage charging control signal and a second energy storage charging control signal; the frequency of the first energy storage charging control signal is equal to that of the second energy storage charging control signal, and the duty ratio of the first energy storage charging control signal is equal to that of the second energy storage charging control signal; the frequency of the first launch control signal is equal to that of the first energy storage charging control signal, and the duty cycle of the first launch control signal is equal to that of the first energy storage charging control signal;
the first energy storage charging control signal is used for controlling the on or off of the first switching tube; the second energy storage charging control signal is used for controlling the second switching tube to be switched on or switched off.
9. The DC converter of claim 8, wherein a phase shift angle between the first energy storage charging control signal and the first firing control signal is greater than 0,
and the phase shift angle between the second energy storage charging control signal and the second wave sending control signal is greater than 0.
10. The dc converter according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the frequency of the first burst control signal is greater than or equal to a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.
11. The dc converter of claim 3, further comprising a second capacitor, the first power conversion unit comprising: a ninth switching tube and a tenth switching tube;
the first end of the ninth switching tube is connected with the first end of the second winding, the first end of the tenth switching tube is connected with the second end of the second winding, the first end of the second capacitor is connected with a middle tap of the second winding, and the second end of the ninth switching tube is connected with the second end of the tenth switching tube and the second end of the second capacitor.
12. A vehicle-mounted dc converter apparatus comprising the dc converter according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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| CN202111137801.9A CN114039488A (en) | 2021-09-27 | 2021-09-27 | DC converter and on-vehicle DC conversion device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114640243A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-17 | 南方科技大学 | DC conversion circuit and DC conversion system |
| CN114710043A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-07-05 | 茂睿芯（深圳）科技有限公司 | Bidirectional resonant converter, control method and device thereof, and power supply equipment |
-
2021
- 2021-09-27 CN CN202111137801.9A patent/CN114039488A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114640243A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-17 | 南方科技大学 | DC conversion circuit and DC conversion system |
| CN114640243B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-04-30 | 南方科技大学 | DC conversion circuit and DC conversion system |
| CN114710043A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-07-05 | 茂睿芯（深圳）科技有限公司 | Bidirectional resonant converter, control method and device thereof, and power supply equipment |
| CN114710043B (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-06 | 茂睿芯（深圳）科技有限公司 | Bidirectional resonant converter, control method and device thereof, and power supply equipment |
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