CN114039263A - Temperature control-based dispersion delay light beam correction method - Google Patents
Temperature control-based dispersion delay light beam correction method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/0915—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light
- H01S3/0933—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light of a semiconductor, e.g. light emitting diode
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10007—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers
- H01S3/10013—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating in optical amplifiers by controlling the temperature of the active medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/1028—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the temperature
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dispersion delay light beam correction method based on temperature control, which adopts a plurality of electro-optical conversion channels to connect antenna units or sub-arrays and receive microwave signals, wherein each channel corresponds to one antenna unit or one sub-array, the microwave signals with different wavelengths are loaded to light signals by each channel through electro-optical conversion, wave combining devices are adopted to combine the light signals with different wavelengths into one path of light signals, a plurality of optical switches are adopted to form a dispersion delay array, the light signals are received, the light signals with different wavelengths generate different delay differences and gradually changed phase differences, each optical switch is respectively controlled, the delay differences and the phase differences between the light signals corresponding to each channel are adjusted, nonlinear distortion is reduced, and a beam with a specific direction is formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectricity, and particularly relates to a nonlinear suppression technology.
Background
The microwave photon technology applies the advantages of large bandwidth and low loss of photons to systems such as phased array radar and the like, and can realize the long-distance transmission of microwave signals, the generation of arbitrary waveform signals, the sampling of ultra-wideband signals and the formation of wide-band wide-angle beams.
The optical beam forming network is an important component for realizing broadband wide-angle scanning by the light-controlled phased array radar, and the optical real time delay is realized at the present stage, and the optical beam forming network is roughly divided into two technologies: one is transmission delay and the other is dispersion delay.
The transmission delay realizes the delay by controlling the length of the optical transmission medium, and has high flexibility and wide applicability, but needs more equipment and has high processing difficulty. If the transmission medium is an optical fiber, the processing precision of a high-frequency band is below 0.1mm, and the existing processing technology is difficult to realize efficiently. If the transmission medium is an optical waveguide, there are problems with insertion loss and effective refractive index, and a large amount of delay is challenging.
The dispersion delay realizes the change of relative delay amount of each channel by changing the optical wavelength, and because the dispersion effect exists in the medium, the delay amount corresponding to the light with different wavelengths is different even in the same dispersion medium. The scheme is simple to realize, less in equipment and high in tolerance to the processing error of the optical dispersion medium. The error of the optical fiber length can be controlled below 0.1m through mechanical measurement, and the maximum delay difference among channels does not exceed 0.04 ps.
Dispersive media have nonlinear effects and conventional equally spaced wavelengths can cause distortion of the optical beam. If linear and nonlinear factors of dispersion delay are analyzed, the traditional equidistant optical wavelength is adjusted and controlled according to a new method, so that the output wavelength array is distributed at unequal intervals, the nonlinear effect of dispersion can be inhibited, and the distortion problem can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, provides a dispersion delay light beam correction method based on temperature control, controls the temperature of a laser, changes the wavelength distribution of a laser array, does not follow the equal interval distribution of the traditional technology any more, has a nonlinear change rule of the interval, inhibits the nonlinear effect of dispersion, and improves the distortion problem of light beam formation of the traditional dispersion scheme.
The method comprises the steps of connecting antenna units or sub-arrays by adopting a plurality of electro-optical conversion channels, receiving microwave signals, enabling each channel to correspond to one antenna unit or one sub-array, loading the microwave signals with different wavelengths to optical signals through electro-optical conversion by each channel, synthesizing the optical signals with different wavelengths into one optical signal by adopting a wave combining device, forming a dispersion delay array by adopting a plurality of optical switches, receiving the optical signals, enabling the optical signals with different wavelengths to generate different delay differences and gradually changed phase differences, respectively controlling each optical switch, adjusting the delay differences and the phase differences between the optical signals corresponding to each channel, reducing nonlinear distortion and forming beams with specific directions.
Further, the characteristic that the nonlinear change of the wavelength interval is opposite to the nonlinear change trend of the dispersion coefficient is utilized, the wavelength of the laser is adjusted in a temperature control mode, the nonlinear trend of the wavelength interval of the laser array is opposite to that of the dispersion medium, the nonlinear distortion caused by dispersion delay is counteracted, and the relative dispersion amount of each channel keeps a linear relation.
Specifically, let us say that the relative delay amount Δ τ generated by two optical wavelengths with a wavelength interval Δ λ in a medium with a length L and an abbe number D (λ) is D (λ) × L × Δ λ, where D (λ) includes a linear term and a nonlinear term, let us say that the ratio RDS of the dispersion slope S and the abbe number of wavelength λ is S/D is the relative dispersion slope, and let us say that the abbe number of the reference wavelength is D0When D (λ) ═ D0(1+ RDS × Δ λ), and assuming light velocity c and channel interval D, the delay difference sin θ between beam direction θ and channel is Δ τ × c/D, and sin θ is D0(1+ RDS × Δ λ) × L × Δ λ × c/d describes the beam pointing direction versus the dispersion coefficient.
Although the dispersion coefficient slightly changes with the change of the wavelength, the relative dispersion slope RDS basically keeps unchanged in a certain waveband range, and higher-order nonlinear dispersion quantity can be ignored.
Let the wavelength λ corresponding to the first channel1Wavelength λ corresponding to the second channel2… … wavelength λ corresponding to Mth electro-optical conversion channelMWithout loss of generalitySex, set λ1<λ2<…<λM. The correction is divided into three steps:
step 1: the wavelength interval ratio of adjacent channels is determined. And setting the wavelength difference between the second channel and the first channel as X, the wavelength difference between the third channel and the second channel as (1-RDS) X, the wavelength difference between the fourth channel and the third channel as (1-2 RDS) X, and so on, and the wavelength difference between the Mth channel and the (M-1) channel as [1- (M-1) RDS ]. X. That is, as the wavelength increases, the dispersion coefficient increases and the wavelength interval between two adjacent channels decreases. Therefore, the total wavelength interval T between the mth channel and the 1 st channel is [ (M-1) - (M-1) × (M-2)/2 × RDS ] ×.
Step 2: and determining the wavelength interval value of the adjacent channels, and preliminarily obtaining the corrected wavelength of each channel. In order to make the total wavelength difference before and after correction the same, the wavelength difference between the M-th channel and the 1 st channel before correction is also made to be T, so that the wavelength difference X between the second channel and the first channel can be obtained, and the wavelength difference of each adjacent channel can be obtained according to the proportion determined in the step 1. And (4) enabling the wavelengths of the 1 st channel before and after correction to be the same, namely obtaining the wavelength value of each channel preliminarily.
And step 3: and determining the wavelength translation value of each channel, and finally obtaining the correction wavelength of each channel. According to step 2, the wavelengths of the 1 st and Mth channels are unchanged, and the wavelength of the middle channel has the largest deviation from the original wavelength. To multiplex other devices for ITU-T standard wavelengths as much as possible (e.g. wavelength division multiplexers), all wavelengths are shifted with a minimum total deviation of the individual channels. And (3) comparing the corrected wavelength value obtained in the step (2) with the wavelength of each channel before correction, wherein the maximum difference value of the wavelength of each channel is P, and when the maximum difference value of the wavelength of each channel appears in the middle channel, the wavelength of each channel is shifted by-P/2.
Wherein the nonlinear deviation of the dispersion can be suppressed by a wavelength design method after the step 1 is completed. And the use of step 2 and step 3 makes the wavelength difference before and after correction as small as possible, so that other devices (such as wavelength division multiplexers and the like) aiming at ITU standard wavelengths can be multiplexed as much as possible.
By Delta lambdaTThe temperature variation is described in relation to the wavelength variation by f (Δ T), where Δ T is the difference between the initial and adjusted temperature of the laser, and Δ λTIs to adjustThe wavelength of the Nth channel is adjusted according to the wavelength change caused by the temperature of the whole laserN,change＝λN, after correction-λN, before correctionThe temperature difference Δ T of the nth channel is f-1(ΔλN,change)。
Further, the laser chip is arranged on a temperature control table, the wavelength of the laser is measured, wavelength data are sent to the control table, and the temperature of the temperature control table is controlled according to the required wavelength value until the adjustment wavelength of the laser is equal to the required wavelength.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the traditional dispersion delay light beam forming, the wavelengths of a laser array are distributed at equal intervals, the nonlinear effect of dispersion cannot be corrected, the light beam is distorted after the number of channels is increased and the dispersion delay amount is increased, the main lobe is expanded, the side lobe is lifted, the main-to-side ratio is reduced, and the power and the precision of radar detection are influenced; the invention controls the temperature of each laser, changes the wavelength of the laser array, ensures that the intervals are distributed according to a certain rule, inhibits the nonlinear effect of chromatic dispersion, promotes the linearity of each channel relative delay, and improves the distortion problem of optical beam forming of a chromatic dispersion scheme.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of optical beam formation, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of laser temperature control, fig. 3 is a graph of a relationship between a wavelength difference value and a corresponding channel before and after correction, fig. 4 is a beam directing diagram at equal intervals, and fig. 5 is a beam directing diagram after correction.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is specifically explained in the following by combining the attached drawings.
237ps/nm dispersion delay optical fiber is selected, and RDS is about 0.003nm-1Selecting the wavelength of a commercial 1550nm waveband dense wavelength division multiplexer, considering 32 continuous wavelengths in 1532.681nm-1557.363nm defined by ITU-T standard, wherein each wavelength is almost equal to 100GHz at equal intervals and is about 0.796nm, and sequentially corresponding to each channel of the antenna according to the size sequence.
When the wavelength is corrected, firstly, the wavelength interval ratio between the channels is determined according to the total number of the channels of 32 and the numerical value of the RDS. Let the wavelength difference between the second and first channels be X, then the wavelength difference between the third and second channels be 0.997X, then the wavelength difference between the fourth and third channels be 0.994X, and so on, and the wavelength difference between the 32 nd and 31 st channels be 0.91X. The total wavelength interval T of the 32 nd channel and the 1 st channel is determined to be 29.605X. Then, the wavelength difference between the 32 nd and 1 st channels before correction was 24.682nm, and the value was made to be the same as the value T, whereby the wavelength difference X between the second and first channels was calculated to be 0.8337 nm. The wavelength of the 1 st channel before and after correction is set to be the same and is 1532.681nm, and the wavelength value of each channel is obtained preliminarily. And finally, translating all the wavelengths, wherein the 1 st channel wavelength and the 32 nd channel wavelength are the same before and after correction, the difference between the 16 th channel wavelength and the 17 th channel wavelength before and after correction is the largest, and the difference P is 0.398nm, so that all the channel wavelengths are translated by-0.199 nm. The difference in wavelength between the channels before and after correction is shown in FIG. 3.
The values of the required wavelengths for each channel are specified, and the temperature of the laser array is adjusted using the apparatus of fig. 2 so that the wavelengths meet the set values, thereby completing the wavelength correction.
Selecting 32-element antenna arrays with unit intervals of 75mm, testing at 2GHz, respectively connecting optical fibers to the array optical switches of the figure 1 according to 7.66ps/nm, 15.32ps/nm, 30.65ps/nm, 61.29ps/nm and 122.58ps/nm, sharing 5-level dispersion delay optical fibers, adjusting the on-off of each optical switch, namely changing the beam direction, wherein the total number of the 32 states is 32, and when all the optical switches are in a 0 state, adjusting the delay difference of each channel to enable the antenna beam direction to be-45 degrees.
The wavelength of the laser is selected according to equal intervals, the beam directions of all the switch states are as shown in fig. 4, if the difference between the scanning angle and the initial angle (-45 degrees) is not large, namely the length distance of the dispersion optical fiber is short, and the nonlinear accumulation effect of the dispersion is not obvious; with the increase of the scanning angle, the beam direction of the wavelength of the uncorrected laser is gradually distorted, and when the beam direction is +45 degrees, the beam synthesis effect is poor, because the nonlinearity of the delay difference between adjacent channels is increased after the dispersion delay amount is increased, so that the beam direction deviation corresponding to the adjacent channels is increased, and the beam is not focused.
After the wavelength of the laser is subjected to nonlinear correction, the beam direction is as shown in fig. 5, the beam shape distortion disappears, the major-minor ratio is still kept above 12.6dB, the wavelength value of the laser array is adjusted through temperature control, so that the laser array can meet the requirement of restraining nonlinear dispersion, the linearity of the relative dispersion among channels is improved under the condition of large number of channels and large dispersion, and the beam forming quality is improved.
The above-described embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A temperature control-based dispersion delay optical beam correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of connecting antenna units or sub-arrays by adopting a plurality of electro-optical conversion channels, receiving microwave signals, enabling each channel to correspond to one antenna unit or one sub-array, loading the microwave signals with different wavelengths to optical signals through electro-optical conversion by each channel, synthesizing the optical signals with different wavelengths into one optical signal by adopting a wave combining device, forming a dispersion delay array by adopting a plurality of optical switches, receiving the optical signals, enabling the optical signals with different wavelengths to generate different delay differences and gradually changed phase differences, respectively controlling each optical switch, adjusting the delay differences and the phase differences between the optical signals corresponding to each channel, reducing nonlinear distortion and forming beams with specific directions.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the delay difference and the phase difference between the optical signals corresponding to each channel comprises: the characteristic that the nonlinear change of the wavelength interval is opposite to the nonlinear change trend of the dispersion coefficient is utilized, the wavelength of the laser is adjusted in a temperature control mode, the nonlinear trend of the wavelength interval of the laser array is opposite to the nonlinear trend of the dispersion medium, the nonlinear distortion caused by dispersion delay is counteracted, and the relative dispersion amount of each channel keeps a linear relation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the characteristic of wavelength interval nonlinear variation opposite to the nonlinear variation trend of dispersion coefficient comprises:the relative delay amount delta tau generated in a medium with the length L and the dispersion coefficient D (lambda) by two optical wavelengths with the wavelength interval delta lambda is set as D (lambda) multiplied by L multiplied by delta lambda, wherein D (lambda) comprises a linear term and a nonlinear term, the relative dispersion slope is set as the ratio RDS/D of the dispersion slope S and the dispersion coefficient of the wavelength lambda, and the dispersion coefficient of the reference wavelength is set as D0When D (λ) ═ D0(1+ RDS × Δ λ), and assuming light velocity c and channel interval D, the delay difference sin θ between beam direction θ and channel is Δ τ × c/D, and sin θ is D0(1+ RDS × Δ λ) × L × Δ λ × c/d describes the beam pointing direction versus the dispersion coefficient.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the adjusting the wavelength of the laser by temperature control comprises: let the wavelength λ corresponding to the first channel1Wavelength λ corresponding to the second channel2… … wavelength λ corresponding to Mth electro-optical conversion channelMLet λ be1<λ2<…<λM(ii) a Setting the wavelength difference between the second and the first channels as X, the wavelength difference between the third and the second channels is (1-RDS) X, the wavelength difference between the fourth and the third channels is (1-2 RDS) X, and the wavelength difference between the Mth and the Mth (M-1) channels is [1- (M-1). RDS]X, the total wavelength interval between the M-th and first channels, T ═ M-1) - (M-1) × (M-2)/2 × RDS]X; the wavelength difference between the Mth channel and the first channel before correction is made to be T, and the wavelength difference X between the second channel and the first channel, the wavelength difference between adjacent channels and the wavelength value of each channel are obtained; comparing the corrected wavelength value with the wavelength of each channel before correction, setting the maximum difference value of the wavelength of each channel as P, and translating the wavelength of each channel by-P/2; by Delta lambdaTThe temperature variation is described in relation to the wavelength variation by f (Δ T), where Δ T is the difference between the initial and adjusted temperature of the laser, and Δ λTIf the wavelength is changed by adjusting the temperature of the laser, the adjusted wavelength λ of the Nth channelN,change＝λN, after correction-λN, before correctionThe temperature difference Δ T of the nth channel is f-1(ΔλN,change)。
5. The method of temperature controlled based dispersive, delayed optical beam modification according to claim 4 further comprising: and placing the laser chip on a temperature control table, measuring the wavelength of the laser, sending wavelength data to the control table, and controlling the temperature of the temperature control table according to the required wavelength value until the adjustment wavelength of the laser is equal to the required wavelength.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002372730A (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-26 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical waveform shaping circuit |
| JP2012220893A (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-11-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Nonlinear optical effect suppressor and optical relay device |
| CN111641458A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Universal multichannel optical dispersion delayer |
| CN112558053A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-26 | 电子科技大学 | Optical beam forming network device and method based on microwave photon true time delay |
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- 2021-11-01 CN CN202111282287.8A patent/CN114039263A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002372730A (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-26 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Optical waveform shaping circuit |
| JP2012220893A (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-11-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Nonlinear optical effect suppressor and optical relay device |
| CN111641458A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Universal multichannel optical dispersion delayer |
| CN112558053A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-26 | 电子科技大学 | Optical beam forming network device and method based on microwave photon true time delay |
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| Title |
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| 范晶晶;林桂道;: "基于色散光纤棱镜的光控多波束接收技术研究", 舰船电子对抗, no. 02, pages 98 - 102 * |
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Application publication date: 20220211 |