CN114034027B - Photovoltaic collaborative warm water drainage cooling system and method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic collaborative warm water drainage cooling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114034027B CN114034027B CN202111251573.8A CN202111251573A CN114034027B CN 114034027 B CN114034027 B CN 114034027B CN 202111251573 A CN202111251573 A CN 202111251573A CN 114034027 B CN114034027 B CN 114034027B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001089 mineralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D7/00—Auxiliary devices for promoting water circulation
- F22D7/06—Rotary devices, e.g. propellers
- F22D7/08—Arrangements of pumps, e.g. outside the boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of warm water drainage treatment, and discloses a photovoltaic collaborative warm water drainage cooling system and method, wherein the system comprises the following steps: a decompression evaporator, in which the tube side is circulated with warm water, the shell side is circulated with cooling water and is in negative pressure, and the steam outlet is used for discharging the high-temperature steam of the cooling water; the photovoltaic power generation plate is arranged on the water surface of the reservoir; the mineralization mixer is internally provided with a mixing spraying device; the outlet of the drainage pipeline and the inlet of the water pumping pipeline are positioned at different positions of the reservoir. The invention has the following advantages and effects: the photovoltaic cooperation warm drainage cooling system isolates the warm drainage cooling part from the reservoir, so that the reservoir does not need to consider heat balance like a direct-discharge cooling pond in the prior art, the temperature difference between the reservoir and the environment can be increased by increasing heat, the transpiration effect of the reservoir is enhanced, the water quantity falling on the photovoltaic power generation plate is increased, and the cooling effect of the photovoltaic power generation plate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of warm water drainage treatment, in particular to a photovoltaic collaborative warm water drainage cooling system and method.
Background
At present, a large number of domestic nuclear power units are operated, a large amount of seawater is needed to be used as cooling water for cooling the unit, and then the cooled seawater is discharged into the sea, and the temperature of the discharged water is increased to 6-11 ℃. This form of waste heat forms warm water drains into the environment with the cooling water. The warm water drainage changes the environmental temperature of the water area, so that the biomass of the water body is reduced, the diversity of species is reduced, the ecological environment is seriously endangered, and the survival and development of human beings are threatened.
The heat quantity of warm water discharge is large, the temperature rise is low, the warm water is extremely difficult to use, and no good treatment method exists at present. The following treatment methods are only available: (1) the heat pump technology is used for heating in living areas. However, the technology still consumes energy, and the engineering quantity of the nuclear power plant far from the living area is huge; (2) in combination with environmental ecological engineering, warm water is utilized for aquaculture in winter, greenhouse vegetable planting and the like. But the problem of warm water drainage cannot be fundamentally solved.
The most widely used so far is the cooling tower technology, i.e. the exhaust heat is discharged to the atmosphere through a cooling tower by closed-loop cooling. Large cooling tower technology has been successfully used in thermal power plants for many years. However, the cooling tower technology does not effectively utilize waste heat, but still discharges the waste heat to the atmosphere, essentially transferring thermal pollution to the sea area to the atmosphere, and bringing about environmental effects such as salt mist, drips, noise, vision, and the like. In addition, the construction cost of the cooling tower is high, the construction cost per square meter reaches 13000 yuan, and the one-time investment of a single million kilowatt nuclear power unit is about 2.6 hundred million yuan, so that the cooling requirement can be met.
In order to adapt to the latest domestic environmental protection policy, under the condition that the nuclear power ultra-large cooling tower technology is immature and the investment is high, the existing project starts to adopt a reservoir as a cooling pool scheme. The water in the natural reservoir is used as cooling water to cool the unit and then is discharged back to the reservoir. Because the water quantity of warm water drainage is huge, the area of the cooling reservoir needs to be extremely large to completely cool the warm water drainage under the transpiration effect, the area of the cooling pool is more than 12 times of that of a main factory area, and meanwhile, a large amount of water is supplemented to maintain the stable water level of the pool. And the scheme still does not utilize the waste heat, but only utilizes a reservoir as an intermediate heat dissipation means to discharge the waste heat to the atmosphere.
In addition, the water tank is adopted for heat dissipation, the heat dissipation performance is affected by large-area irradiation, and especially in summer with hot weather, the direct sunlight intensity reaches 500W/m 2 The water temperature of the water tank can rise, so that the effect of cooling the nuclear power unit of the water tank is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the application is to provide a photovoltaic collaborative warm drainage cooling system and method, which can utilize waste heat to heat a reservoir to reduce the temperature of a photovoltaic power generation plate and greatly reduce the area of the warm drainage cooling reservoir.
In order to achieve the above purpose, on one hand, the technical scheme adopted is as follows:
the application provides a photovoltaic is warm drainage cooling system in coordination, include:
a decompression evaporator, in which the tube side is circulated with warm water, the shell side is circulated with cooling water and is in negative pressure, and the steam outlet is used for discharging the high-temperature steam of the cooling water;
the photovoltaic power generation plate is arranged on the water surface of the reservoir;
the mineralization mixer is connected to the steam outlet through a steam pipeline, a mixing spray device is arranged in the mineralization mixer, the mixing spray device is used for extracting low-temperature water in the reservoir through a water extraction pipeline, and the bottom of the mineralization mixer is connected with the reservoir through a drainage pipeline;
the outlet of the drainage pipeline and the inlet of the water pumping pipeline are positioned at different positions of the reservoir.
Preferably, a preheater is further arranged at the upstream of the shell side inlet of the decompression evaporator; a magnetic shielding pump is also arranged between the preheater and the decompression evaporator.
Preferably, the reduced pressure evaporator further comprises:
the evaporation spray device is arranged at the top of the shell side of the decompression evaporator and is communicated with the inlet of the shell side of the decompression evaporator, and the distance between the evaporation spray device and the heat exchange tube at the top of the decompression evaporator is at least 120mm.
Preferably, the mineralization mixer bottom is at least 10m from the reservoir surface.
Preferably, a compressor for pressurizing high-pressure water vapor is arranged in the steam pipeline.
The application also provides a photovoltaic collaborative warm water drainage cooling method, which comprises the following steps:
exchanging heat between cooling water and warm water under a reduced pressure state to generate high-temperature steam;
fully mixing the high-temperature water vapor with low-temperature water in a reservoir to generate medium-temperature water;
medium-temperature water is discharged into a reservoir to increase the temperature of water on the surface layer of the reservoir;
the transpiration effect of water on the surface layer of the reservoir is aggravated, and wet air is cooled in the air to form water drops which fall on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate;
the water drops are on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate, and the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation plate is reduced by re-evaporation.
Preferably, the cooling water is depressurized to an absolute pressure of less than 3kPa.
Preferably, the cooling water is preheated to at least 26 ℃ before depressurizing, while the pressure is raised to 1Mpa.
Preferably, when the high-temperature water vapor is sufficiently mixed with the low-temperature water in the reservoir, the low-temperature water is dispersed into droplets having an average particle diameter of 500 μm and then mixed with the high-temperature water vapor.
Preferably, the cooling water is seawater.
The beneficial effects that technical scheme that this application provided brought include:
according to the photovoltaic collaborative warm drainage cooling method, reduced pressure distillation is utilized, warm drainage with large flow and low waste heat is converted into water vapor with small flow and high waste heat, the water quantity entering a cooling pond is greatly reduced, the corresponding transpiration effect of the cooling pond with a small area is also needed to balance the water quantity entering and exiting the cooling pond, the required reservoir is equivalent to the cooling pond with a small area, only about half of the area of the cooling pond in the prior art is needed, the water supplementing quantity in the reservoir is greatly reduced, and the site selection space of the nuclear power station is greatly improved.
The photovoltaic cooperation warm drainage cooling system isolates the warm drainage cooling part from the reservoir, so that the reservoir does not need to consider heat balance like a direct-discharge cooling pond in the prior art, the temperature difference between the reservoir and the environment can be increased by increasing heat, the transpiration effect of the reservoir is enhanced, the water quantity falling on the photovoltaic power generation plate is increased, and the cooling effect of the photovoltaic power generation plate is improved.
The surface temperature of the photovoltaic power generation plate is generally far higher than the environment and a reservoir, the temperature of water drops cooled by transpiration is generally about 70 ℃, the temperature of water drops cooled by transpiration is generally about 10-20 ℃, the heat on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate can be effectively taken away, and the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation plate can be reduced to about 50 ℃ through the photovoltaic cooperative warm water drainage cooling system and the photovoltaic power generation method, and meanwhile the power generation efficiency is improved by about 5%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pipeline according to one embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1. a decompression evaporator; 11. a preheater; 12. a magnetic shield pump; 13. an evaporation spraying device; 2. a reservoir; 21. a photovoltaic power generation panel; 3. a mineralization mixer; 31. a mixing and spraying device; 4. a steam line; 41. a compressor; 5. a drainage pipe; 6. and a water pumping pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The application provides an embodiment of a photovoltaic cooperation warm water drainage cooling system, which comprises a decompression evaporator 1, a photovoltaic power generation plate 21 and a mineralization mixer 3.
Wherein the decompression evaporator 1 is a tubular heat exchange device, the tube side of the decompression evaporator is circulated with warm water drainage, and the shell side of the decompression evaporator is circulated with a cooling book. Specifically, the tube side is generally loaded with warm water discharged by a nuclear power station, the water flow is huge, but the temperature is very low, the carried effective energy is very low and is difficult to use, the shell side is internally circulated with cooling water, generally purified seawater, and negative pressure is arranged in the shell side, so that the cooling water in the shell side can be evaporated at a lower temperature to form relatively high-temperature water vapor, the relatively high-temperature water vapor is discharged from a vapor outlet, a large amount of heat is simultaneously introduced into the high-temperature water vapor from the warm water, the temperature of the warm water can be reduced to the same degree as the ambient temperature, and the environment problem can not be caused by direct water discharge.
The photovoltaic power generation panel 21 is disposed on the water surface of the reservoir 2, and in general, a suitable reservoir 2 can be excavated on site without the natural reservoir 2 at a suitable place where the nuclear power station is suitably established, and when the suitable natural reservoir 2 is provided, the natural reservoir 2 can be used as the reservoir 2 of the photovoltaic power generation panel 21.
The mineralizing mixer 3 is connected to a steam outlet through a steam pipeline and is used for receiving high-temperature water vapor, the other end of the mineralizing mixer is used for extracting low-temperature water from the reservoir 2 through a water pumping pipeline 6, and the low-temperature water and the high-temperature water vapor are mixed to form medium-temperature water which is discharged from a water discharging pipeline 5 at the bottom.
Meanwhile, in order to prevent the medium-temperature water just discharged from being drawn out, the outlet of the drain pipe 5 and the inlet of the water suction pipe 6 are located at different positions.
In general, the reservoir 2 is at its highest surface temperature in a steady state, and the lower the surface temperature is, the lower the temperature is, the less the temperature is stable to a certain depth, and the larger the temperature is. The drainage pipeline 5 is arranged closer to the water surface for increasing the evaporation effect, so that the deep cold water is prevented from consuming the heat of the medium-temperature water. Whereas the water extraction line 6 generally extracts cooler water from the lower middle and bottom layers in order to enhance the mixing cooling effect.
The above-described reduced pressure evaporator 1 has converted a large flow of warm water into a small flow of warm water vapor, so that the conventional reservoir 2 is separated from the problems of flow and heat balance that need to be considered at the same time.
The small flow of the high-temperature steam ensures that the water quantity entering can be completely consumed only by a small area, and the water flow balance is maintained, so that a large amount of warm water discharged into the reservoir 2 is consumed without considering that the evaporation is aggravated by enlarging the area, and the area of the reservoir 2 is greatly reduced.
The actual environment of the reservoir 2 is typically the highest temperature of the photovoltaic panel 21 and secondly the water surface temperature, both of which are much higher than the air temperature. When the present embodiment is not used, the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation panel 21 is generally stabilized at around 70 ℃, the water surface temperature is around 20-40 ℃, and the air temperature may be only around 10-20 ℃.
The heat brought into the water reservoir 2 by the high-temperature vapor heats the water reservoir 2, the evaporation effect of the water reservoir 2 is increased, the ambient humidity is greatly increased, the change of the air temperature is mainly influenced by weather, meanwhile, the influence of the temperature of the water reservoir 2 is relatively small, so that the condensed moisture content is increased when the hot and humid air transpired by the water reservoir 2 meets the relatively cold ambient air, finally, the hot and humid air falls on a high-temperature solar panel, and the temperature of the solar panel is reduced by re-evaporation.
Meanwhile, since the cooling water of the nuclear power plant is not required to be extracted from the reservoir 2, the heat balance is not required to be considered like the prior art, and more accumulated heat is beneficial to enhancing the cooling effect of the photovoltaic power generation panel 21.
In general, the discharge amount and the temperature of the warm water discharged from the nuclear power plant are quite stable, so that the operation effect of the decompression evaporator 1 can be controlled by only adjusting the parameters of the cooling water. Thus in some preferred embodiments a preheater 11 is also provided upstream of the shell side outlet of the reduced pressure evaporator 1, and a magnetic shield pump 12 is also provided between the preheater 11 and the evaporator.
The preheater 11 is used for adjusting the inlet parameters of the cooling water, so that the system is stable in operation, and the damage of devices caused by the explosive boiling in the reduced pressure evaporator 1 due to supercooling of the cooling water in accidental situations is avoided, for example, in the embodiment, seawater is utilized as the cooling water, when a pipeline for pumping the seawater encounters the cooling water, the temperature of the pipeline is possibly close to 0 ℃, the set temperature of the cooling water utilized by the reduced pressure evaporator 1 is generally about 20 ℃, and the damage of the reduced pressure evaporator 1 is easily caused by directly utilizing the cooling water. And the magnetic shield pump 12 is used to prevent the back flow of the cooling water while adjusting the pressure.
In consideration of the discharge amount of warm water, the temperature and the heat exchange condition, the evaporation spraying device 13 is utilized to spray cooling water on the heat exchange tube of the decompression evaporator 1 in the decompression evaporator 1, so that the heat exchange effect can be effectively improved. Specifically, the pipe diameter of the spray pipe in the evaporation spray device 13 is DN25, the spray pipe is provided with nozzles, the mutual distance between the nozzles is 200mm, the distance between the nozzles and the upper end face of the uppermost heat exchange pipe in the decompression evaporator 1 after water is discharged is 120mm, and in some embodiments, the spray pipe is further arranged, so that the cooling water drops are smaller in size, and enter the phase change heat exchange process earlier, and the heat exchange effect is improved.
Further, the distance between the bottom of the mineralizing mixer 3 and the surface of the reservoir 2 is at least 10m, in particular 10m in the present application, and in other embodiments may be higher. The arrangement of the higher spacing can effectively improve and reduce the interference of the temperature of the reservoir 2 to the mineralizing mixer 3, improve the outlet speed of the mixed medium-temperature water, accelerate the mixing efficiency of the medium-temperature water and the water surface, and avoid the condition that the water temperature near the drainage pipeline 5 is increased and the temperature change of other water surfaces is not great.
Further, a compressor 41 for pressurizing high-temperature vapor is arranged in the vapor pipeline, the compressor 41 is used for isolating the low-pressure environment of the decompression evaporator 1, and simultaneously recovering the high-temperature vapor to the atmospheric pressure, so that a large amount of water is prevented from being separated out in the mineralization mixer 3 due to the recovery of the normal pressure of the high-temperature vapor, and the mineralization mixer 3 is prevented from being damaged.
The application also provides an embodiment of a photovoltaic collaborative warm water drainage cooling method, which comprises the following steps:
exchanging heat between cooling water and warm water under a reduced pressure state to generate high-temperature steam;
fully mixing the high-temperature water vapor with low-temperature water extracted from the reservoir 2 to generate medium-temperature water;
medium-temperature water is discharged into the reservoir 2 to increase the temperature of water on the surface layer of the reservoir 2;
the transpiration effect of the water on the surface layer of the reservoir 2 is aggravated, and the wet air is cooled in the air to form water drops which fall on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate 21;
the water drops fall on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel 21, and the re-evaporation lowers the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation panel 21.
By using the method provided by the embodiment, a reciprocating process similar to a heat pipe is formed between the photovoltaic power generation plate 21 and high-place cold air, water on the surface layer of the reservoir 2 is aggravated to transpire to form a damp-heat air group, part of the damp-heat air group is condensed into water drops when encountering cold air in high altitude, wherein part of the water drops fall on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate 21 to evaporate again to take away heat, so that the damp-heat air is fused into the damp-heat air group, and the reciprocating process is formed. Unlike the prior art, which mainly relies on the air convection cooling process, the method can reduce the temperature by about 20 ℃ according to weather conditions, and meanwhile, even if all the power consumption of the method is calculated into loss, the total power generation efficiency is improved by about 5%.
In general, the cooling water needs to be depressurized to an absolute pressure of less than 3kPa for sufficient heat exchange efficiency.
In order to effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency, in some preferred embodiments, the cooling water needs to be preheated to 26 ℃ before being depressurized, and the pressure is increased to 1Mpa, because the flow rate of warm water is large and the heat transfer time of warm water per unit volume is short.
More preferably, in order to improve the mixing efficiency, the low-temperature water extracted from the reservoir 2 is dispersed into droplets having an average particle diameter of 500 μm and then mixed with high-temperature vapor.
In order to save cost and improve the utilization efficiency of waste heat of warm water drainage, seawater is generally selected as cooling water, and salt production can be carried out by utilizing strong brine after heat exchange, or the seawater is directly discharged, so that ecological pollution is not caused.
The application also provides an embodiment of a photovoltaic collaborative warm water drainage cooling method based on the photovoltaic collaborative warm water drainage cooling system, which comprises the following steps:
seawater is heated to 26 ℃ through a preheater 11 and is sent into the shell side of the decompression evaporator 1 through a magnetic shielding pump 12, and dispersed into water mist in the shell side through an evaporation spraying device 13 with the pipe diameter DN25 to be sprayed onto the surface of a heat exchange pipe of the decompression evaporator 1; whereas warm drain water having a pressure of 0.2MPa and a temperature of 28℃flows into the tube of the pressure-reducing evaporator 1, and the flow rate of the warm drain water in the tube is 1.5m/s.
High-temperature steam is sent into the compressor 41 through a steam pipeline, the compressor 41 restores the high-temperature steam into normal pressure and sends the normal pressure into the mineralization mixer 3, and the mineralization mixer 3 is filled with ceramic ring filler with the size of 100 mm. On the one hand, the low-temperature water with the temperature of about 19 ℃ in the reservoir 2 is introduced into the water inlet pipe of the mineralizing mixer 3 through a multistage centrifugal pump, and is sprayed into the mineralizing mixer 3 through the nozzle of the top mixing spraying device 31, and the size of water drops formed by spraying is about 500 mu m. The high-temperature water vapor is directly contacted with the surface of the low-temperature water ceramic ring filler in a liquid drop shape, and the water is totally condensed into liquid water with the temperature of 22 ℃ and discharged into the surface of the reservoir 2.
After absorbing the steam of the evaporation heat-taking device, the temperature of the mixed water returned to the reservoir 2 rises, the generated wet steam contacts cold air in the air to form water drops which fall on the surface of a solar photovoltaic panel of a photovoltaic power station and absorb heat to evaporate, the solar photovoltaic panel is a commercial solar photovoltaic panel commonly used at present, wherein the thickness of a silicon substrate is set to 180 mu m, the pile face is set to be a random regular pyramid pile face with the height of 3 mu m, the anti-reflection layer is SiNx with the thickness of 80nm, the normal state temperature is 70 ℃ when the method and the device are not used, and the temperature of the solar panel with the surface of 70 ℃ is reduced to 55 ℃ when the method and the device are used, so that the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved by 5.5%.
The present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A photovoltaic co-temperature drainage cooling system, comprising:
a decompression evaporator (1) in which warm water is circulated in a tube side, cooling water is circulated in a shell side and is in negative pressure, and high-temperature water vapor of the cooling water is discharged through a vapor outlet;
a photovoltaic power generation panel (21) which is provided on the water surface of the reservoir (2);
the mineralization mixer (3) is connected to the steam outlet through a steam pipeline (4), a mixing spray device (31) is arranged in the mineralization mixer (3), the mixing spray device (31) is used for extracting low-temperature water of the reservoir (2) through a water pumping pipeline (6), and the bottom of the mineralization mixer (3) is connected with the reservoir (2) through a water draining pipeline (5);
the outlet of the drainage pipeline (5) and the inlet of the water suction pipeline (6) are positioned at different positions of the reservoir (2).
2. The photovoltaic co-temperature drainage cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: a preheater (11) is also arranged at the upstream of the shell side inlet of the decompression evaporator (1); a magnetic shielding pump (12) is also arranged between the preheater (11) and the decompression evaporator (1).
3. A photovoltaic co-temperature drainage cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure reducing evaporator (1) further comprises:
the evaporation spraying device (13) is arranged at the top of the shell side of the decompression evaporator (1) and is communicated with the inlet of the shell side of the decompression evaporator (1), and the distance between the evaporation spraying device (13) and the heat exchange tube at the top of the decompression evaporator (1) is at least 120mm.
4. The photovoltaic co-temperature drainage cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the bottom of the mineralizing mixer (3) and the surface of the reservoir (2) is at least 10m.
5. The photovoltaic co-temperature drainage cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: a compressor (41) for pressurizing high-pressure water vapor is arranged in the vapor pipeline (4).
6. A method for cooling photovoltaic co-temperature drainage, which is characterized by being implemented by using the photovoltaic co-temperature drainage cooling system as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, and comprising the following steps:
exchanging heat between cooling water and warm water under a reduced pressure state to generate high-temperature steam;
fully mixing the high-temperature water vapor with low-temperature water in a reservoir (2) to generate medium-temperature water;
medium-temperature water is discharged into the reservoir (2) to increase the temperature of the surface water of the reservoir (2);
the transpiration effect of the surface water of the reservoir (2) is aggravated, and the wet air is cooled in the air to form water drops which fall on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate (21);
the water drops are on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate (21), and the re-evaporation reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic power generation plate (21).
7. The method for cooling the photovoltaic collaborative temperature drainage according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the cooling water is depressurized to an absolute pressure of less than 3kPa.
8. The method for cooling the photovoltaic collaborative temperature drainage according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the cooling water needs to be preheated to at least 26 ℃ before depressurization while the pressure is raised to 1Mpa.
9. The method for cooling the photovoltaic collaborative temperature drainage according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: when the high-temperature water vapor is sufficiently mixed with the low-temperature water in the reservoir (2), the low-temperature water is dispersed into droplets with an average particle diameter of 500 mu m and then mixed with the high-temperature water vapor.
10. The method for cooling the photovoltaic collaborative temperature drainage according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the cooling water is seawater.
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| CN1283167A (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 2001-02-07 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | Desalination method and desalination apparatus |
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| WO2021117969A1 (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-17 | 한국해양과학기술원 | Combined power and desalination system using unused heat |
| CN113237367A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-10 | 深圳润德工程有限公司 | Warm water drainage loop heat pipe cooling device and method utilizing solar energy |
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| CN1283167A (en) * | 1997-12-25 | 2001-02-07 | 株式会社荏原制作所 | Desalination method and desalination apparatus |
| JP2013087302A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-05-13 | M Hikari Energy Kaihatsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Method for utilizing seawater cooling water of nuclear power plant |
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