CN114032837B - Step flood control dam based on junked tires and construction and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Step flood control dam based on junked tires and construction and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114032837B CN114032837B CN202111412826.5A CN202111412826A CN114032837B CN 114032837 B CN114032837 B CN 114032837B CN 202111412826 A CN202111412826 A CN 202111412826A CN 114032837 B CN114032837 B CN 114032837B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
- E02B3/106—Temporary dykes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B7/26—Vertical-lift gates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B7/26—Vertical-lift gates
- E02B7/34—Flash- boards for vertical-lift gates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B7/26—Vertical-lift gates
- E02B7/36—Elevating mechanisms for vertical-lift gates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a step flood control dam based on junked tires and a construction and operation method thereof. Comprises a protective net and three step dams which are sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream, wherein the inside of each dam body is formed by stacking and connecting waste tire balancing weights, each dam body is provided with water discharge holes with different heights, and each water discharge hole on the upstream surface of the dam body is provided with an electro-hydraulic flat gate, the top of each dam body is provided with a porous overflow hole with a plane cast iron gate, two sides of each overflow hole are provided with transverse fixed anchor cables, and the bottom of each overflow hole is provided with a foundation reinforcing structure. The step flood control dam discharges water layer by layer through the water discharge holes with different heights of the dam body in the flood period, so that the purposes of reducing flood peaks and reducing downstream flood control pressure are achieved. The function of layered water taking is realized by gradually opening the layer of water discharge holes which are closest to the water level and can discharge water in the normal operation period. The whole step flood control dam engineering structure is stable, and the manufacturing cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a step flood control dam based on junked tires and a construction and operation method thereof.
Background
Flood control is to research and take various countermeasures and measures according to flood rules and flood characteristics so as to prevent or reduce flood disasters and ensure water conservancy work of social and economic development. The basic working contents of the system include flood control planning, flood control construction, management and application of flood control engineering, flood control, flood scheduling and arrangement, post-disaster recovery reconstruction and the like. Flood control measures include engineering measures and non-engineering measures. Flood control is also an important major discipline in water conservancy science. The flood often causes landslide and vegetation destruction, and even causes traffic jam, casualties and property loss of downstream urban road surfaces, and some flood control measures are necessary in some mountain areas where the flood is easy to gather.
Because of the development of technology, the market of retreading and reclaimed rubber is smaller and smaller due to the high-quality and low-cost synthetic rubber, and the market is limited by the technical level, production equipment and other problems, and road asphalt is produced by using the tire rubber powder as a raw material, so that the cost is too high to use in a large amount. The waste tires are incinerated together with other garbage to recover energy in the form of steam or electric power, and the waste tires can be disposed of in a large amount, but the resource utilization rate is not high. In addition, the treatment methods of renovating, preparing rubber powder and reclaimed rubber, preparing asphalt filler, directly burning fuel and the like cause secondary pollution to a greater or lesser extent, waste resources and harm to the health of residents, and are not the final solution.
In the mountain area spillway area, in order to prevent the problem that some mountain area floods of sudden wash the road safety problem of low reaches cities and towns, can set up some earth and rockfill dams between spillways, these earth and rockfill dams part comprises junked tire, can play mountain area flood control's effect, can reduce the flood peak to a certain extent simultaneously, also can play certain siltation effect in the bottom of these dam bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a step flood control dam based on junked tires and a construction and operation method thereof, which can well utilize the junked tires and solid wastes as filling bodies of the step dam to play a role in reducing flood peaks in flood season, thereby reducing the damage of mountain area flood to downstream environment.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a step flood control dam based on junked tires comprises three dam bodies which are distributed in a step shape from upstream to downstream, wherein the sizes of the three dam bodies are gradually reduced from upstream to downstream, the cross section of each dam body is in a right trapezoid-like shape, the vertical surface is an upstream surface, the outsole of the right trapezoid is arranged below, the main body of the dam body is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, and the small bottom of the main body of the dam body is arranged below;
the dam body is formed by stacking and connecting waste tire balancing weights, the dam body is provided with water discharge holes with different heights, the top of the dam body is provided with overflow holes with gates, two sides of the dam body are connected with a mountain through balancing weights with transverse fixed anchor cables, and the bottom of the dam body is fixed in a soil layer through a foundation reinforcing structure formed by the balancing weights and piles;
the waste tire balancing weights are connected through steel strands, and gaps between the tires and the steel strands are filled through concrete pouring;
the outer part of the whole dam body is a concrete protective layer with the thickness of 50-70 mm.
Further, the waste tire balancing weight of the dam body part is an A-shaped balancing weight, a pore canal of a water drain hole structure is reserved and installed on the dam body when the A-shaped balancing weight is stacked, the pore canal is divided into three layers along the height direction, and each water drain hole structure is provided with an electro-hydraulic plate gate structure.
Further, the A-shaped balancing weight comprises cross binding steel strands arranged in the A-shaped balancing weight and concrete poured in the waste tire wheel cavity, wherein a transverse steel strand reserved hole for connecting transverse steel strands in the horizontal plane of the A-shaped balancing weight, a longitudinal steel strand reserved hole for connecting longitudinal steel strands in the horizontal plane and a vertical steel strand reserved hole for connecting vertical steel strands perpendicular to the horizontal plane are reserved when the concrete is poured; the end part of the steel strand is fixed on the outer side surface of the tire through an anchor bolt and a gasket.
Further, the water draining hole structure is formed by arranging a plurality of B-shaped balancing weights along the axis, pretension and combination are realized through a plurality of steel strands along the axis between the B-shaped balancing weights, a protective net formed by the steel strands is arranged on one side of the water facing surface of the water draining hole structure, concrete is poured into the wheel cavity of the B-shaped balancing weights, reserved holes for the plurality of steel strands along the axis to pass through are reserved during pouring of the B-shaped balancing weights, transverse steel strand reserved holes for the B-shaped balancing weights to pass through when the B-shaped balancing weights are connected with surrounding A-shaped balancing weights are reserved, concrete is poured between the B-shaped balancing weights, and the quantity of the B-shaped balancing weights is set according to the length of a pore canal for installing the water draining hole structure.
Further, the electro-hydraulic flat gate structure is arranged on the upstream surface of the water discharge hole structure and comprises a hydraulic machine, a cast iron gate, a gate running track, a gate pier and a hydraulic jacking device, wherein the hydraulic machine arranged at the top is connected with the hydraulic jacking device arranged at the inner side of the gate pier to control the opening and closing of the cast iron gate, so that the water discharge flow is controlled.
Further, the foundation reinforcing structure comprises a pile and a plurality of C-shaped balancing weights of which the axes are arranged at one end, far away from the soil layer, of the pile, wherein the C-shaped balancing weights comprise cross binding steel strands arranged inside and concrete poured inside a waste tire cavity, through holes for the pile to penetrate through are formed in the concrete inside the tire, transverse steel strand reserved holes for connecting transverse steel strands in the horizontal plane of the C-shaped balancing weights, longitudinal steel strand reserved holes for connecting longitudinal steel strands in the horizontal plane and vertical steel strand reserved holes for connecting vertical steel strands perpendicular to the horizontal plane are reserved when the concrete is poured, and the ends of the steel strands are fixed on the outer side surface of the tire through anchor bolts and gaskets.
Further, one end of the fixed anchor rope with the balancing weight of the transversely fixed anchor rope is poured and fixed on the waste tire through a gasket and an anchor bolt, and the other end of the fixed anchor rope is provided with a barb for fixing the mountain;
still including setting up the protection network at the upper reaches, the protection network includes and twines the cellular network of constituteing by the steel wire each other, and steel wire both sides and bottom are fixed to be formed by concrete placement, and protection network both sides and bottom have arranged many piles for strengthen the connection of protection network and mountain body, the protection network top is provided with the crossbeam, and the crossbeam both sides are wider than the protection network, stretches out the part and the both sides mountain body of both sides and be connected.
Furthermore, overflow holes with gates are arranged at the top of the dam body and are provided with plane cast iron gate structures, and the width of two gates at two sides is wider than that of a plurality of gates in the middle; the plane cast iron gate structure comprises gate opening and closing equipment, gate piers, plane cast iron gates and gate running tracks, wherein waste tires are used as filling bodies on two sides of the gate opening and closing equipment, and the opening and closing degree of the plane cast iron gates is controlled through the gate opening and closing equipment, so that the lower leakage flow is ensured not to exceed the downstream river channel leakage-bearing allowable value.
The construction method of the flood control dam comprises the following steps:
step (1): determining the number, type and size of the needed waste tire balancing weights according to the landform and geological conditions of the site, wherein the height of the flood control dam is higher than the normal water storage level, and determining the position and depth of the pile driven into the ground;
step (2): prefabricating an A-type balancing weight, a B-type balancing weight, a C-type balancing weight, an A-type balancing weight with a transverse fixed anchor rope, a foundation reinforcement structure and a water drain hole structure;
step (3): paving a foundation reinforcement structure, driving the prefabricated foundation reinforcement structure into a soil layer, arranging required length and width in the horizontal direction, connecting the prefabricated foundation reinforcement structure through a transverse steel strand reserved hole and a longitudinal steel strand reserved hole reserved on the side edge of the foundation reinforcement structure, and fixing the prefabricated foundation reinforcement structure on the side edge of the outermost periphery through a surface gasket side gasket and an anchoring bolt;
step (4): stacking A-shaped balancing weights on a foundation reinforcement structure, wherein each layer of A-shaped balancing weights in the horizontal direction are connected by penetrating steel strands through transverse steel strand reserved holes and longitudinal steel strand reserved holes in the A-shaped balancing weights, and the side edges of the A-shaped balancing weights at the outermost periphery are fixed through surface gaskets, side gaskets and anchor bolts;
step (5): the two sides of the dam body are connected with the mountain by using an A-shaped balancing weight with a transverse fixed anchor rope, and the connection between the balancing weight and the mountain at the two sides is filled with concrete;
step (6): the number of each layer of tires is reduced layer by layer from bottom to top, a water drain hole channel and an overflow hole channel are reserved, the tire is finally paved into a structure with an isosceles trapezoid at the front side and a right trapezoid at the side surface, after the tires are paved, a plurality of steel strands which are applied with prestress are arranged among the tires overlapped in the vertical direction and are connected through vertical steel strand reserved holes reserved at the tops of the waste tires, and the outer surfaces of the waste tires at the topmost layer and the bottommost layer are fixed through surface gaskets and anchor bolts; the corresponding water drain hole structure is filled in the water drain hole channel, gaps among the tires are filled with concrete, and the electro-hydraulic flat gate is assembled;
step (7): reserving overflow holes at the top of a dam body, filling A-shaped balancing weights in gate piers corresponding to each overflow hole, and assembling a plane cast iron gate structure;
step (8): a concrete protection layer is arranged outside the whole dam body;
step (9): by adopting the method, the downstream step dam is constructed, and the protective net is arranged on the upstream of the whole step dam.
A method for operating the flood protection dam,
(1) Reducing the flow rate of water
When flood comes, the water flow firstly passes through the upstream protective net, and the filtered flood is intercepted by the first-stage flood prevention dam;
(2) Flow rate of the drain under the control of flood season
The water in the first-stage reservoir is blocked and gradually rises, when the water level rises to the height of a first-layer water discharge hole of the dam body, a first-layer electro-hydraulic flat gate is opened to start downstream water discharge, when the water level rises to the height of a second-layer water discharge hole, a second-layer water discharge Kong Dianye movable flat gate is opened, and under the condition that the allowable value of the downstream water flow is not exceeded, the first-layer water discharge Kong Dianye movable flat gate is gradually closed, and under the condition that the water level gradually rises to the height of a third-layer water discharge hole, a third-layer water discharge Kong Dianye movable flat gate is gradually opened, and under the condition that the allowable value of the downstream water flow is not exceeded, the second-layer water discharge electro-hydraulic flat gate is gradually closed, when the water level continuously rises, all the electro-hydraulic flat gates are closed at the moment, the flat cast iron gate arranged at the top is opened, under the condition that the allowable value of the downstream water flow is not exceeded, the flood is discharged from the uppermost overflow hole of the dam body, and under the same condition that the downstream flood protection is operated according to the method;
when the water level in the reservoir is stable, for the first-stage flood prevention dam, when flood fills the reservoir surrounded by the whole cascade dam and the water level is not raised any more, the electro-hydraulic plate gate of the third-layer water discharge hole of the flood prevention dam is gradually opened, so that water in the reservoir is discharged downstream at a stable flow rate, when the water level is lowered to be lower than the height of the third-layer water discharge hole, the electro-hydraulic plate gate of the second-layer water discharge hole is gradually opened, when the water level is lowered to be lower than the height of the second-layer water discharge hole, the electro-hydraulic plate gate of the first-layer water discharge hole is gradually opened, and finally, the water level is lowered to be lower than the flood prevention limit water level, and the downstream flood prevention dam also operates according to the method;
(3) Layered water intake
When the reservoir is in a normal operation period, flood which is blocked is stored in the reservoir, the layer of water discharge holes which are closest to the water level and can discharge water are gradually opened, and as the water level is reduced to the height of the next layer of water discharge holes, the next layer of water discharge holes are gradually opened, so that surface water is discharged into the downstream at a stable flow rate;
(4) Line Hong Chongyu
When the bottom of the step dam is provided with sedimentation, starting from the most downstream seat of the step reservoir, each seat of reservoir is moved Hong Chongyu, and under the condition that the flow rate of the downstream river channel is not more than the allowable value of the flow rate of the downstream river channel, the bottom two-hole electro-hydraulic plate gate is opened, and the high-speed flowing water carries sediment to flush into the downstream.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) Although the junked tires cannot be effectively treated, the junked tires can be used as excellent dam filling bodies due to the advantages of excellent elasticity, corrosion resistance, water impermeability and the like, so that the whole dam body is more stable, and meanwhile, the method is economical and environment-friendly.
(2) According to the step flood control dam, the anchoring components and the foundation reinforcing structures are respectively added at the two sides and the bottom of the dam body, so that the dam body is connected with a mountain body more safely and reliably.
(3) The step flood control dam has a counter-regulation function similar to a reservoir, and can slowly drain water layer by layer under the control of the electrohydraulic flat gate in the flood season, so that the aim of reducing the flood discharge flow in the flood season is fulfilled, and the scouring to the downstream environment is reduced. The water flow can be discharged in time through the water discharge hole of the dam body, and the water level in the reservoir is reduced to be below the flood control limit water level, so that the next flood period is met.
(4) The invention has the function of layered water taking, when the reservoir is in the normal operation period, water in the reservoir is discharged layer by layer through the water discharge holes with different heights of the dam body, so that the water temperature in the reservoir is proper, and surface water without a lot of impurities is discharged into the downstream in a stable flow for downstream agricultural irrigation, industrial water and the like.
(5) The overflow hole with the plane cast iron gate is arranged at the top of the dam body, so that the condition that the lower drainage flow exceeds the downstream river flow drainage allowable value due to continuous rising of the water level caused by heavy rain can be effectively avoided.
(6) The cascade distribution of the flood control dam can offset the instantaneous flow of flood to a great extent, plays a role in reducing flood peaks, and effectively reduces the adverse effect of mountain area flood on downstream towns.
(7) The invention can reduce the cross-section area of water by opening a small amount of electrohydraulic plate gate at the bottom, so that the water passing flow rate and the flow velocity are increased, and the water flowing at high speed can carry a large amount of sediment to flush downstream, thereby finally effectively reducing the influence of sediment accumulation on the cascade dam.
(8) Compared with a common reinforced concrete step dam, the step dam formed by the waste tires is low in cost, convenient to disassemble in the later period, and meanwhile, the difficulty in repairing and reinforcing the dam body in the later period is reduced, and even if the waste tire balancing weight is exposed through cracking of the concrete in the later period, the internal structure is not easy to corrode due to exposure in the air.
(9) The waste tire balancing weight adopted by the invention can omit a template when an internal structure is poured, the construction method is more convenient and quicker, and the concrete in the waste tire can be properly doped with materials such as broken stone and the like, so that the whole price is lower.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic overall distribution of a step flood control dam of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the step dam of fig. 1 taken along section 1-1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the upstream face of the a-1 step dam.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along section 2-2 in fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of three different scrap tire weights according to the present invention; wherein, the graph A is a type A balancing weight, the graph B is a type B balancing weight, and the graph C is a type C balancing weight.
Fig. 6 is a structural view of the drain hole structure a in fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a structural view of the planar cast iron gate b of fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is a structural view of the electro-hydraulic flat gate c1 in fig. 3.
Fig. 9 is a structural view of the anchoring member d of fig. 3.
Fig. 10 is a structural view of the tire assembly e of fig. 3.
Fig. 11 is a top view of fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a structural view of the foundation reinforcement structure f of fig. 3.
Fig. 13 is a front view of the protection net of fig. 1.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a protective net, 2-a gate opening and closing device, 3-side piers, 4-junked tires, 5-steel strands, 6-concrete, 7-transverse fixed anchor cables, 8-piles, 9-face gaskets, 10-side gaskets, 11-anchoring bolts, 12-pile preformed holes, 12-1-transverse steel strand preformed holes, 12-2-longitudinal steel strand preformed holes, 12-3-vertical steel strand preformed holes and 13-hydraulic press; 14-cast iron gate, 15-gate running track, 16-gate pier, 17-hydraulic jacking device, 18-beam, a-water drain hole, b-plane cast iron gate structure, c 1-first layer electro-hydraulic flat gate structure, c 2-second layer electro-hydraulic flat gate structure, c 3-third layer electro-hydraulic flat gate structure, d-anchoring member, e-tire combined connection structure and f-foundation reinforcement structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The upstream protection net 1 plays a role in filtering certain upstream accumulations; the side piers 3 separate an overflow section and a non-overflow section of the dam body, so that overflow of flowing water of the dam face to two sides is prevented; the junked tires 4 are of the same size; the steel strands 5 are all common steel strands with prestress applied; the transverse fixing anchor cable 7 is a steel product with one barb at one end, the tail part of the straight line end of the transverse fixing anchor cable is provided with threads and penetrates through the surface gasket 9, and the transverse fixing anchor cable is connected with the junked tire 4 by screwing a nut on the tail part and welding the tail part on the surface gasket 9; pouring pile 8 material concrete 6; the pile reserved hole 12, the transverse steel strand reserved hole 12-1, the longitudinal steel strand reserved hole 12-2 and the vertical steel strand reserved hole 12-3 are slightly larger than the outer diameters of the pile and the steel strands; grooves which are matched with the gate running rails are reserved on two sides of the cast iron gate 14 respectively; the gate running track 15 is matched with grooves reserved on the bottom surface and two sides of the gate, so that the gate is stable; gate running tracks are arranged on two sides of the gate pier 16, and a certain space is reserved for facilitating the connection of the hydraulic jacking device and the gate; the hydraulic jacking device 17 is arranged in the gate piers at two sides and controls the opening degree of the gate through hydraulic opening and closing; c1, c2 and c3 respectively represent each layer of electrohydraulic flat gate, and the structure sizes of the electrohydraulic flat gates are the same; the anchoring member d is formed by the cross binding steel strands 5 in the waste tires, the surface of the tire is fixed by a face gasket 9 and an anchoring bolt 11, one side of the tire is provided with a transverse fixing anchor rope 7, the tail of the tire is screwed with the anchoring bolt 11 and welded to the face gasket 9 to be connected with the waste tires 4, and finally the interior of the tire is filled with concrete 6, and the side edge and the top of the anchoring member d are required to be reserved with holes penetrating the steel strands when the waste tires 4 are overlapped when the concrete is poured, and the reserved transverse steel strand reserved holes 12-1, the reserved longitudinal steel strand reserved holes 12-2 and the reserved vertical steel strand reserved holes 12-3 are quickly and accurately spliced and overlapped at the later stage; the foundation reinforcement structure f is that the upper part of each pile 8 is combined with three layers of junked tires 4 and is poured together by concrete 6, and the lower part of each pile 8 is inserted into a soil layer with higher strength according to engineering requirements and keeps each pile 8 in the vertical direction.
The invention is described by taking a three-stage cascade dam as an example, according to fig. 1 to 2, a cascade flood control dam is formed by waste tires, the sizes of all the dams are sequentially reduced from top to bottom in a ladder-shaped arrangement, the overall structure is same, the upstream surface direction of the dam body is vertical, and a protective net 1 for intercepting the dead branch garbage is arranged at the upstream of the whole dam body;
taking an A-1 step dam as an example according to fig. 3 to 4, water outlet holes a with different heights are formed in the upstream surface of the dam body, and electro-hydraulic flat gates c1, c2 and c3 are respectively arranged; the top of the dam body is provided with 8 plane cast iron gates b, wherein the left-most gate and the right-most gate have the same size and structure except that the width of the left-most gate and the right-most gate is wider than that of a middle gate with a plurality of holes, and each gate is provided with a gate opening and closing device 2; the bottom and two sides of the dam body are respectively reinforced and connected with the mountain through an anchor member d and a foundation reinforcing structure f, and the whole dam body is provided with a concrete protection layer of about 65 mm.
According to fig. 5, three concrete balancing weights with different structures which are needed to be used in the invention are prefabricated, wherein a steel strand is arranged in the A, the surface of the tire is fixed through a face gasket 9 and an anchor bolt 11, the inside of the waste tire is filled with concrete 6, a transverse steel strand reserved hole 12-1, a longitudinal steel strand reserved hole 12-2 and a vertical steel strand reserved hole 12-3 are reserved, only the groove part in the waste tire 4 is filled, the transverse steel strand reserved hole 12-1 and the vertical steel strand reserved hole 12-3 are reserved, the cross-binding steel strand is arranged in the C, the surface of the tire is fixed through a face gasket 9 and the anchor bolt 11, a pile reserved hole 12 with a diameter larger than that of a pile 8 is reserved in the middle, the pile can be poured together with the pile, and the transverse steel strand reserved hole 12-1, the longitudinal steel strand reserved hole 12-2 and the vertical steel strand reserved hole 12-3 are reserved;
according to fig. 6, the waste tire balancing weights B are arranged longitudinally, parallel steel strands 5 are penetrated through reserved transverse steel strand reserved holes 12-1, the orifice needs a protective net structure formed by combining a mounting surface gasket 9 and the steel strands 5 so as to avoid blocking holes, and four steel strands 5 exerting prestress among the tires overlapped in the longitudinal direction penetrate through reserved vertical steel strand reserved holes 12-3 and are fixed on the outer surfaces of the tires through anchor bolts 11 and the surface gasket 9;
according to fig. 7, the plane cast iron gate structure at the top of the dam body consists of gate opening and closing equipment 2, gate piers with waste tires as filling bodies on two sides, a plane cast iron gate and gate running rails, the opening and closing degree of the plane cast iron gate 14 is controlled by the gate opening and closing equipment 2, and the lower leakage flow is ensured not to exceed the downstream river leakage allowable value;
according to fig. 8, the gate structure is composed of a hydraulic machine 13, a cast iron gate 14, a gate running rail 15, a gate pier 16 and a hydraulic lifting device 17, wherein the whole gate structure controls the opening and closing of the cast iron gate by connecting the hydraulic machine 13 arranged on the top with the hydraulic lifting device 17 arranged on the inner side of the gate pier 16, so as to control the water discharge flow;
according to fig. 10 to 11, the dam foundation reinforcing structure is characterized in that waste tire balancing weights A are stacked one by one, each layer is connected through a transverse steel strand reserved hole 12-1 reserved on the waste tire balancing weight A and a longitudinal steel strand reserved hole 12-2 penetrating through steel strands 5, the side edges of the outermost waste tire balancing weights are fixed through face gaskets 9, side gaskets 10 and anchor bolts 11, a plurality of steel strands 5 for applying prestress need to be arranged among the tires overlapped in the vertical direction after all the tires are paved, the steel strands are connected through vertical steel strand reserved holes 12-3 reserved at the tops of the waste tires 4, and the outer surfaces of the topmost and bottommost waste tires are fixed through the face gaskets 9 and the anchor bolts 11.
According to fig. 12, the foundation reinforcing structure is formed by superposing at least three layers of waste tire balancing weights C in the vertical direction, wherein the inner steel strands 5 cross through piles 8 and cast concrete inside, the piles penetrate through the center of the tires and are perpendicular to the tires, a plurality of steel strands 5 for applying prestress are arranged between each group of tires overlapped in the vertical direction and are connected through vertical steel strand reserved holes 12-3 reserved at the tops of the waste tires 4, and the outer surfaces of the waste tires at the topmost layer and the bottommost layer are fixed through surface gaskets 9 and anchor bolts 11, and gaps among the tires can be filled with concrete 6.
According to fig. 13, the main body of the protection net 1 is formed by mutually winding steel wires to form a honeycomb structure, both sides and the bottom of the steel wires are fixed on a foundation poured by concrete 6, and a plurality of piles 8 are arranged on both sides and the bottom of the whole protection net for reinforcing the connection between the protection net 1 and a mountain, a cross beam 18 is arranged on the top of the protection net 1, both sides of the cross beam are wider than the protection net 1, and the parts extending out of both sides are connected with the mountain at both sides.
The construction method of the junked tire step flood control dam takes an A-1 step dam in a three-step dam as an example, and is described in detail as follows:
1) According to the landform and geological conditions of the site, the size A, B, C of the waste tire balancing weight needed at this time is determined, the height of the planned dam is higher than the normal water storage level, the shape of the planned dam is approximately isosceles trapezoid when seen from the front, the shape of the planned dam is approximately right trapezoid when seen from the side, the position and depth of the pile 8 driven into the ground are determined, and the pile 8 is driven into a soil layer meeting the strength requirement is ensured.
2) Cleaning the bottom floating soil, starting to lay a foundation reinforcement structure f, driving the prefabricated foundation reinforcement structure f into a soil layer with higher strength at a preselected address, arranging a specific length and a specific width in the horizontal direction, connecting the transverse steel strand reserved holes 12-1 and the longitudinal steel strand reserved holes 12-2 reserved on the side edges of the foundation reinforcement structure f, and fixing the side edges of the foundation reinforcement structure f on the outermost periphery through the surface gaskets 9, the side gaskets 10 and the anchoring bolts 11.
3) After the bottom layer foundation reinforcement structure f is paved, the waste tire balancing weights A are stacked layer by layer on the foundation reinforcement structure f, each layer of waste tire balancing weights A in the horizontal direction are connected through the reserved transverse steel strand reserved holes 12-1 and the reserved longitudinal steel strand reserved holes 12-2 which are inserted with the steel strands 5, and the side edges of the waste tire balancing weights at the outermost periphery are fixed through the face gaskets 9, the side gaskets 10 and the anchoring bolts 11.
4) For the waste tire balancing weights at the two sides of the dam body, special anchoring members d are needed to be added, namely, transverse fixed anchor ropes 7 are simultaneously poured in the waste tire balancing weights A, as shown in fig. 9, the connection between the tires and the mountain bodies at the two sides is filled with concrete 6, and finally, the connection with the mountain bodies is reinforced through the anchor ropes.
5) When the tires are paved, the number of the tires paved on each layer is controlled, the number of the tires on each layer is reduced from bottom to top layer by layer, meanwhile, a water drain hole channel and an overflow hole channel required by a dam body are reserved, the dam body is finally paved into a structure which is isosceles trapezoid on the front surface and right trapezoid on the side surface, as shown in fig. 4, after all the tires are paved, a plurality of steel strands 5 for applying prestress are required to be arranged among the tires overlapped in the vertical direction, are connected through vertical steel strand reserved holes 12-3 reserved at the top of the waste tires 4, and are fixed on the outer surfaces of the waste tires on the topmost layer and the bottommost layer through surface gaskets 9 and anchor bolts 11; the water discharge hole structure part adopts a B-type waste tire balancing weight, and the prefabricated waste tire water discharge hole structure is filled into a reserved water discharge hole channel as shown in fig. 6, gaps among tires are filled with concrete 6, and each waste tire water discharge hole is required to be provided with a protective net formed by simple binding and lap joint of steel strands 5.
6) 8 overflow holes are reserved at the top of the dam body, as shown in fig. 4, considering that the whole 8-hole overflow hole, namely, the top overflow dam section, is equivalent to the third layer of water discharge hole in width to ensure smooth laying of the side piers 3, the width of the overflow holes at two sides is wider than that of the middle 6-hole overflow hole, the rest of the dimension is consistent with that of the middle 6 holes, the gate adopts a plane cast iron gate 14, the gate piers 16 at two ends of the gate are internally filled with waste tire balancing weights A, and a concrete protection layer with a certain thickness is arranged outside the waste tire balancing weights A. The plane cast iron gate 14 is controlled to open and close by the gate opening and closing device 2.
7) On the upstream surface of the dam body, electro-hydraulic plate gates c1, c2 and c3 are required to be arranged for each water discharge hole independently.
8) The whole dam body is provided with a concrete protection layer of about 65 mm.
9) Similarly, the construction method of the step dams A-2 and A-3 is the same as the principle, except that the height, thickness and width of the step dams A-2 and A-3 are sequentially reduced compared with those of the step dams A-1, and the sizes of other components are unchanged.
10 A layer of protective net 1 is required to be arranged on the upstream of the whole step dam, the main body part of the protective net 1 is formed by mutually winding steel wires to form a honeycomb structure, two sides and the bottom of the steel wires are fixed on a foundation formed by pouring concrete 6, a plurality of piles 8 are arranged on the two sides and the bottom of the whole protective net, the top of the protective net 1 is provided with a cross beam 18, two sides of the cross beam are wider than the protective net 1, and the parts extending out of the two sides are connected with mountain bodies at the two sides.
The operation method of the waste tire step flood control dam is described in detail as follows:
taking a first-stage flood control dam of a three-stage cascade dam as an example:
1) Reducing the flow rate of water
When flood comes, the water flow firstly passes through the upstream protective net 1, a certain accumulation is filtered, a certain instantaneous flow is counteracted, the flood after simple filtration is intercepted by the first-stage flood control dam A-1, and the impact energy of the water flow is counteracted further.
2) Flow rate of the drain under the control of flood season
The water intercepted into the reservoir gradually rises, when the water level rises to the height of the first layer of water discharge holes of the cascade dam A-1, the first layer of electro-hydraulic flat gate c1 is opened, the dam body starts to discharge water downwards, when the water level rises to the height of the second layer of water discharge holes, the second layer of water discharge Kong Dianye is gradually opened, the first layer of water discharge Kong Dianye is gradually closed under the condition that the allowable value of the flow rate of the water downwards is not exceeded, the third layer of water discharge Kong Dianye is gradually opened when the water level rises to the height of the third layer of water discharge holes, the second layer of water discharge electro-hydraulic flat gate c2 is gradually closed under the condition that the allowable value of the flow rate of the water downwards is not exceeded, all electro-hydraulic flat gates are closed at this time, the flat cast iron gate b arranged at the top is opened, and flood is discharged from the uppermost layer of overflow holes of the dam under the condition that the allowable value of the flow rate of the water downwards is not exceeded, and the method is also operated according to the second-third-stage flood prevention method.
When the water level in the reservoir is stable, each step dam continuously drains downwards at a stable flow rate. Taking the first-stage flood control dam A-1 as an example, when flood fills the reservoir surrounded by the whole cascade dam and the water level no longer rises, gradually opening the electrohydraulic plate gate c3 of the third-layer water discharge hole of the flood control dam to enable water in the reservoir to be discharged into the downstream with stable flow, gradually opening the electrohydraulic plate gate c2 of the second-layer water discharge hole when the water level falls below the height of the third-layer water discharge hole, gradually opening the electrohydraulic plate gate c1 of the first-layer water discharge hole when the water level falls below the height of the second-layer water discharge hole, and finally reducing the water level below the flood control limit water level, and operating the second-stage flood control dam according to the method.
3) Layered water intake
When the water level is higher than the elevation of the gate c1, layered water intake can be performed. When the water level is between the elevation of the plane cast iron gate b and the elevation of the gate c3, gradually opening the gate c3 to obtain surface water at the water level; when the water level is between the elevation of the gate c3 and the elevation of the gate c2, gradually opening the gate c2 to obtain surface water at the water level; when the water level is between the elevation of the gate c2 and the elevation of the gate c1, gradually opening the gate c1 to obtain surface water at the water level; the obtained water can be discharged into downstream with stable flow for downstream agricultural irrigation, industrial water and the like.
4) Line Hong Chongyu
And starting from the most downstream step dam A-3 of the step reservoirs, carrying out flood-driving and silt-flushing on each reservoir. When the reservoir contains a certain water storage capacity, under the condition that the allowable value of the downstream river flow is not exceeded, the gates on the two sides of the bottom electro-hydraulic flat gate c1 are opened, the gate in the middle of the electro-hydraulic flat gate c1 is closed, and at the moment, a large amount of sediment can be carried by water flowing at a high speed to flush downstream.
Claims (6)
1. The step flood control dam based on the junked tires is characterized by comprising three dam bodies which are distributed in a step shape from upstream to downstream, wherein the sizes of the three dam bodies are gradually reduced from upstream to downstream, the cross section of each dam body is similar to a right trapezoid, the vertical surface is an upstream surface, the outsole of the right trapezoid is arranged below, the main body of the dam body is an isosceles trapezoid, and the small bottom is arranged below;
the dam body is formed by stacking and connecting waste tire balancing weights, the dam body is provided with water discharge holes with different heights, the top of the dam body is provided with overflow holes with gates, two sides of the dam body are connected with a mountain through balancing weights with transverse fixed anchor cables, and the bottom of the dam body is fixed in a soil layer through a foundation reinforcing structure formed by the balancing weights and piles;
the waste tire balancing weights are connected through steel strands, and gaps between the tires and the steel strands are filled through concrete pouring;
the outer part of the whole dam body is a concrete protective layer with the thickness of 50-70 mm;
the waste tire balancing weights of the dam body part are A-shaped balancing weights, a pore canal for installing a water drain hole structure is reserved on the dam body when the A-shaped balancing weights are stacked, the pore canal is divided into three layers along the height direction, and each water drain hole structure is provided with an electro-hydraulic flat gate structure;
the A-shaped balancing weight comprises cross binding steel strands arranged in the A-shaped balancing weight and concrete poured in the waste tire wheel cavity, wherein a transverse steel strand reserved hole for connecting transverse steel strands in the horizontal plane of the A-shaped balancing weight, a longitudinal steel strand reserved hole for connecting longitudinal steel strands in the horizontal plane and a vertical steel strand reserved hole for connecting vertical steel strands perpendicular to the horizontal plane are reserved when the concrete is poured; the end part of the steel strand is fixed on the outer side surface of the tire through an anchor bolt and a gasket;
the water draining hole structure is formed by arranging a plurality of B-shaped balancing weights along an axis, pretensioning and combination are realized among the B-shaped balancing weights through a plurality of steel strands along the axis, a protective net formed by the steel strands is arranged on one side of a water facing surface of the water draining hole structure, concrete is poured into a wheel cavity of the B-shaped balancing weights, reserved holes for the plurality of steel strands along the axis to pass through are reserved during pouring of the B-shaped balancing weights, transverse steel strand reserved holes for the B-shaped balancing weights to pass through when the B-shaped balancing weights are connected with surrounding A-shaped balancing weights are reserved, concrete is poured among the B-shaped balancing weights, and the number of the B-shaped balancing weights is set according to the length of a pore canal for installing the water draining hole structure;
the foundation reinforcing structure is composed of piles and a plurality of C-shaped balancing weights arranged at one end of the piles, far away from a soil layer, the C-shaped balancing weights comprise cross binding steel strands arranged inside and concrete poured inside a waste tire cavity, through holes for the piles to penetrate through are formed in the concrete inside the tire, transverse steel strand reserved holes for connecting transverse steel strands in the horizontal plane of the C-shaped balancing weights, longitudinal steel strand reserved holes for connecting longitudinal steel strands in the horizontal plane and vertical steel strand reserved holes for connecting vertical steel strands perpendicular to the horizontal plane are reserved when the concrete is poured, and the ends of the steel strands are fixed on the outer side face of the tire through anchor bolts and gaskets.
2. The flood control dam of claim 1, wherein the electro-hydraulic flat gate structure is arranged on the upstream surface of the water discharge hole structure and comprises a hydraulic machine, a cast iron gate, a gate running rail, a gate pier and a hydraulic jacking device, wherein the hydraulic machine arranged at the top is connected with the hydraulic jacking device arranged at the inner side of the gate pier to control the opening and closing of the cast iron gate, so as to control the water discharge flow.
3. The flood control dam according to claim 2, wherein one end of the transverse fixing anchor rope of the a-type balancing weight with the transverse fixing anchor rope is poured and fixed on the junked tire through a gasket and an anchor bolt, and the other end is provided with a barb for fixing with a mountain;
still including setting up the protection network at the upper reaches, the protection network includes and twines the cellular network of constituteing by the steel wire each other, and steel wire both sides and bottom are fixed to be formed by concrete placement, and protection network both sides and bottom have arranged many piles for strengthen the connection of protection network and mountain body, the protection network top is provided with the crossbeam, and the crossbeam both sides are wider than the protection network, stretches out the part and the both sides mountain body of both sides and be connected.
4. A flood control dam according to claim 3, wherein the overflow holes with gates are arranged at the top of the dam body and are provided with plane cast iron gate structures, and the width of two gates at two sides is wider than that of the gates in the middle; the plane cast iron gate structure comprises gate opening and closing equipment, gate piers, plane cast iron gates and gate running tracks, wherein waste tires are used as filling bodies on two sides of the gate opening and closing equipment, and the opening and closing degree of the plane cast iron gates is controlled through the gate opening and closing equipment, so that the lower leakage flow is ensured not to exceed the downstream river channel leakage-bearing allowable value.
5. A method of constructing a flood barrier according to claim 4, comprising the steps of:
step (1): determining the number, type and size of the needed waste tire balancing weights according to the landform and geological conditions of the site, wherein the height of the flood control dam is higher than the normal water storage level, and determining the position and depth of the pile driven into the ground;
step (2): prefabricating an A-type balancing weight, a B-type balancing weight, a C-type balancing weight, an A-type balancing weight with a transverse fixed anchor rope, a foundation reinforcement structure and a water drain hole structure;
step (3): paving a foundation reinforcement structure, driving the prefabricated foundation reinforcement structure into a soil layer, arranging required length and width in the horizontal direction, connecting the prefabricated foundation reinforcement structure through a transverse steel strand reserved hole and a longitudinal steel strand reserved hole reserved on the side edge of the foundation reinforcement structure, and fixing the prefabricated foundation reinforcement structure on the side edge of the outermost periphery through a side gasket and an anchor bolt;
step (4): stacking A-shaped balancing weights on a foundation reinforcement structure, wherein each layer of A-shaped balancing weights in the horizontal direction are connected by penetrating steel strands through transverse steel strand reserved holes and longitudinal steel strand reserved holes on the A-shaped balancing weights, and the side edges of the A-shaped balancing weights at the outermost periphery are fixed by side gaskets and anchor bolts;
step (5): the two sides of the dam body are connected with the mountain by using an A-shaped balancing weight with a transverse fixed anchor rope, and the connection between the balancing weight and the mountain at the two sides is filled with concrete;
step (6): the number of each layer of tires is reduced layer by layer from bottom to top, a water drain hole channel and an overflow hole channel are reserved, the tire is finally paved into a structure with an isosceles trapezoid at the front side and a right trapezoid at the side surface, after the tires are paved, a plurality of steel strands which are applied with prestress are arranged among the tires overlapped in the vertical direction and are connected through vertical steel strand reserved holes reserved at the tops of the waste tires, and the outer surfaces of the waste tires at the topmost layer and the bottommost layer are fixed through surface gaskets and anchor bolts; the corresponding water drain hole structure is filled in the water drain hole channel, gaps among the tires are filled with concrete, and the electro-hydraulic flat gate is assembled;
step (7): reserving overflow holes at the top of a dam body, filling A-shaped balancing weights in gate piers corresponding to each overflow hole, and assembling a plane cast iron gate structure;
step (8): a concrete protection layer is arranged outside the whole dam body;
step (9): by adopting the method, the downstream step dam is constructed, and the protective net is arranged on the upstream of the whole step dam.
6. A method of operating a flood barrier according to claim 4,
(1) Reducing the flow rate of water
When flood comes, the water flow firstly passes through the upstream protective net, and the filtered flood is intercepted by the first-stage flood prevention dam;
(2) Flow rate of the drain under the control of flood season
The water in the first-stage reservoir is blocked and gradually rises, when the water level rises to the height of a first layer of water discharge hole of the dam body, a first layer of electro-hydraulic flat gate is opened to start downstream water discharge, when the water level rises to the height of a second layer of water discharge hole, a second layer of water discharge Kong Dianye flat gate is opened, and under the condition that the allowable value of downstream river flow is not exceeded, the first layer of water discharge Kong Dianye flat gate is gradually closed, and under the condition that the water level gradually rises to the height of a third layer of water discharge hole, a third layer of water discharge Kong Dianye flat gate is gradually opened, and under the condition that the allowable value of downstream river flow is not exceeded, the second layer of water discharge Kong Dianye flat gate is gradually closed, when the water level continuously rises, all electro-hydraulic flat gates are closed at this time, a flat cast iron gate arranged at the top is opened, under the condition that the allowable value of downstream river flow is not exceeded, flood water is discharged from the uppermost overflow hole of the dam body, and under the same condition, the downstream flood preventing dam also operates according to the method;
when the water level in the reservoir is stable, for the first-stage flood prevention dam, when flood fills the reservoir surrounded by the whole cascade dam and the water level is not raised any more, the electro-hydraulic plate gate of the third-layer water discharge hole of the flood prevention dam is gradually opened, so that water in the reservoir is discharged downstream at a stable flow rate, when the water level is lowered to be lower than the height of the third-layer water discharge hole, the electro-hydraulic plate gate of the second-layer water discharge hole is gradually opened, when the water level is lowered to be lower than the height of the second-layer water discharge hole, the electro-hydraulic plate gate of the first-layer water discharge hole is gradually opened, and finally, the water level is lowered to be lower than the flood prevention limit water level, and the downstream flood prevention dam also operates according to the method;
(3) Layered water intake
When the reservoir is in a normal operation period, flood which is blocked is stored in the reservoir, the layer of water discharge holes which are closest to the water level and can discharge water are gradually opened, and as the water level is reduced to the height of the next layer of water discharge holes, the next layer of water discharge holes are gradually opened, so that surface water is discharged into the downstream at a stable flow rate;
(4) Line Hong Chongyu
When the running bottom of the cascade dam is deposited, starting from the most downstream seat of the cascade reservoir, each seat of reservoir is moved Hong Chongyu, and when the reservoir contains a certain water storage capacity, under the condition that the flow rate of the downstream river channel is not more than the allowable value of the flow rate of the downstream river channel, the bottom two-hole electro-hydraulic plate gate is opened, and the high-speed flowing water carries sediment to flush into the downstream.
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| CN115387290B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-10-27 | 黄河水利职业技术学院 | Hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering overflow dam structure |
| CN115450234B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-03-24 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Blocking protection structure suitable for high-energy impact and construction method thereof |
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