CN114032472B - Cobalt-free maraging steel and strengthening and toughening treatment process thereof - Google Patents
Cobalt-free maraging steel and strengthening and toughening treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni content: 18.5-20%, W content: 5.5 to 6%, mo content: 2.1-2.5%, ti content: 2.5 to 3.5%, al content: 0.1 to 0.3 percent, and the balance of Fe element; by adjusting the alloying components of the cobalt-free maraging steel, optimizing the technological parameters of the two-time solution treatment, combining the three-time vertical deformation treatment, controllable cold treatment, rapid aging treatment and other processes, the grain size of the cobalt-free maraging steel is refined, and the microstructure of the cobalt-free maraging steel is regulated, controlled and optimized, so that a mixed structure which mainly comprises fine and uniform tempered lath martensite and is assisted by a dispersion-distributed nano-scale intermetallic compound is finally obtained; the mixed structure can obviously improve the strength of the cobalt-free maraging steel and keep high toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-alloy high-strength steel, and particularly relates to cobalt-free maraging steel and a strengthening and toughening treatment process thereof.
Background
The maraging steel is ultra-low carbon (or carbon-free) high-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel which takes iron nickel as a matrix and takes Co, mo, ti and the like as strengthening elements, and has good plasticity and toughness.
Usually, the content of Co element in maraging steel is between 8 and 18%. The production cost of the maraging steel is high due to the shortage of Co resources. Therefore, on the basis of the traditional maraging steel, various countries develop a series of cobalt-free maraging steels through alloying design and obtain certain application, such as American T-250 and T300, japanese 14Ni3Cr3Mo1.5Ti, india 12Ni3.2Cr5.1Mo1Ti, china Fe18Ni4Mo1.7Ti and the like, the strength grade can reach 1800MPa, and the fracture toughness K can reach K1 IC ≈70MPa·m 1/2 Already close to the level of cobalt-containing maraging steels. The cobalt-free maraging steel not only reduces the production cost by 20-30%, but also has better performance than the cobalt-containing maraging steel of the corresponding grade through reasonable component design and preparation process control. Therefore, the development of the cobalt-free maraging steel has important practical significance and economic benefit.
The material science of the maraging steel is high-purity, high-nickel and ultra-low carbon (or carbon-free) steel, the maraging steel does not depend on C or carbide strengthening, and C is an impurity element in the steel. Maraging steel usually needs to be vacuum smelted once or twice because of its low impurity content. As the maraging steel does not contain carbon (or ultra-low carbon), the strengthening mechanism is obviously different from that of common martensite strengthening and carbide strengthening. The maraging steel is not high in strength after solution treatment, and has a microstructure mainly comprising lath martensite (no carbon or ultra-low carbon), and excellent plasticity and cold workability. Only through the subsequent aging treatment process, fine and dispersed intermetallic compounds are precipitated at the defect positions of grain boundaries, phase boundaries, dislocation lines and the like of the maraging steel, the strength of the maraging steel is multiplied through a precipitation strengthening mode, and the ultrahigh-strength maraging steel is finally obtained and has excellent toughness and plasticity. However, as the strength of the cobalt-free maraging steel increases, its plasticity and toughness will significantly decrease.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the cobalt-free maraging steel and the strengthening and toughening treatment process thereof, wherein the grain size and microstructure are regulated, controlled and optimized by adjusting the alloying components of the cobalt-free maraging steel and designing the hot working process parameters such as solution treatment, room temperature pre-deformation, controllable cold treatment and the like, so that the strength of the cobalt-free maraging steel can be obviously improved, and the high toughness is kept.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
the cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni content: 18.5-20%, W content: 5.5 to 6%, mo content: 2.1-2.5%, ti content: 2.5 to 3.5%, al content: 0.1 to 0.3 percent, and the balance of Fe element.
A strengthening and toughening treatment process of cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni content: 18.5-20%, W content: 5.5-6%, mo content: 2.1-2.5%, ti content: 2.5 to 3.5%, al content: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of the total weight of the steel ingot and the balance of Fe element are smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in an atmosphere protection furnace, heating to 1050-1150 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, and then forging at 1050-850 ℃, wherein the forging ratio is 40-60%;
1.3, immediately soaking the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil at the temperature of 60 +/-15 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1, carrying out room-temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling deformation direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2, and the deformation amount of the end face of the rolling deformation is 40-70%;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 900-950 ℃, preserving the heat for 30-45 minutes, and then immediately quenching and cooling to the room temperature;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1 carrying out second room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 40-70%;
3.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 3.1 for the second time to 830-850 ℃, preserving the temperature for 15-30 minutes, and then immediately quenching and cooling to the room temperature;
step four, controllable cold treatment
And D, carrying out cryogenic treatment on the product subjected to the solution treatment in the step three by using a program controllable cold treatment device: the cooling medium is liquid nitrogen, the cooling temperature is-180 to-196 ℃, the cooling speed is controlled at 2 to 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 3 to 6 hours, and then the temperature is returned to the room temperature;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (3) heating the product treated in the step four to 520-550 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 30-90 minutes, taking out the product from the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
And in the step one, the atmosphere protection furnace is an inert gas, nitrogen or argon protection furnace.
In the first to third steps, quenching is to immerse the product into quenching oil, and the oil temperature is 60 +/-15 ℃ for cooling.
In the fifth step, the width of the tempered lath martensite structure is 0.1-0.25 μm, and the grain size of the intermetallic compound is 10-30 nm.
And fifthly, the intermetallic compounds comprise Ni3Mo, ni3Ti, ni3Al or NiAl.
And in the fourth step, the program controllable cold treatment device is a controllable liquid nitrogen cooling box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. on the basis of the traditional maraging steel, the invention optimizes the alloying design to develop the novel cobalt-free maraging steel, reduces the cost and obviously improves the toughness.
2. The invention adopts three-stage deformation process of high-temperature forging, primary room-temperature pre-deformation and secondary room-temperature pre-deformation to refine the microstructure; the deformation directions of the three-stage deformation process are mutually vertical, so that the deformation texture is avoided while the crystal grains are obviously refined.
3. According to the invention, through rapid aging treatment, the aging temperature is increased, the aging time is shortened, the aging precipitation effect can be obviously improved, and the coarsening of crystal grains is avoided; the precipitated intermetallic compound is in a nanoscale and is uniformly dispersed in the matrix, so that the purpose of aging strengthening is achieved.
4. The invention regulates and controls the microstructure of the novel maraging steel by combining the technological parameters of two times of solution treatment, room temperature pretreatment, aging treatment and the like which are strictly controlled through an optimal alloying design to obtain a mixed structure which takes a tempered lath martensite structure as a main part and takes intermetallic compounds such as Ni3Mo, ni3Ti, ni3Al, niAl and the like as auxiliary parts, (the width of the lath martensite obtained by the first solution treatment is 0.3-0.6 mu m, and the width of the lath martensite obtained by the second solution treatment is 0.1-0.25 mu m); wherein, the martensite structure of the tempered lath is fine, uniform and compact; the intermetallic compound is separated out in a large amount and is dispersed and distributed in a martensite matrix in a nanoscale, and the size of crystal grains in the product is 10-30 nm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for performing a high toughness treatment on a cobalt-free maraging steel.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the forging direction, the deformation direction of the primary room temperature pretreatment, and the deformation direction of the secondary room temperature pretreatment.
FIG. 3 TEM image of tempered strip martensite after cobalt-free maraging steel strengthening treatment.
FIG. 4 TEM image of precipitated metal compounds (Ni 3M) after strengthening and toughening treatment of cobalt-free maraging steel.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described more clearly and completely in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni:19%, W:5.7%, mo:2.3%, ti:3%, al:0.15 percent and the balance of Fe element.
A strengthening and toughening treatment process of cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:19%, W:5.7%, mo:2.3%, ti:3%, al:0.15 percent of steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2 placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace to be heated to 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 75 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is about 50 percent, and the final forging temperature is 900 ℃;
1.3, immediately immersing the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 55 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1 carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 60%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 930 ℃, preserving heat for 40 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the product to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 55 ℃;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1 carrying out second room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 50%;
3.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 3.1 for the second time to 840 ℃, preserving the heat for 20 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the blank to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 55 ℃;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-190 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving the heat for 4 hours, taking out the blank, and then, cooling the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (4) heating the product treated in the fourth step to 535 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 60 minutes, taking out the product from the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
After the above process, the product of example 1 was tested. The microstructure was observed with a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and the results are shown in fig. 3 and 4. The novel cobalt-free maraging steel has a matrix mainly comprising fine and uniform tempered lath martensite, the lath width is 0.1-0.25 mu m, the martensite is obviously refined, and a large amount of nano-scale intermetallic compounds Ni3Mo, ni3Ti, ni3Al, niAl and the like which are dispersedly distributed can be observed. The product of example 1 was subjected to mechanical testing: wherein the tensile strength R m =2070 +/-15 MPa, yield strength R e =1935 ± 15MPa, elongation a =8.3%, fracture toughness K IC ＝87±5MPa·m 1/2 。
Example 2
The cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni:18.5%, W:5.5%, mo:2.1%, ti:2.5%, al:0.1 percent and the balance of Fe element.
A strengthening and toughening treatment process of cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:18.5%, W:5.5%, mo:2.1%, ti:2.5%, al: smelting 0.1% of steel ingot with the balance of Fe element to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace, heating to 1050 ℃, preserving heat for 60 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is about 40%, and the final forging temperature is 850 ℃;
1.3, immediately immersing the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 60 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1 carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 40%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the product to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 60 ℃;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1, carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2 for the second time: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 40%;
3.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 3.1 for the second time to 830 ℃, preserving the heat for 15 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil after the blank is taken out of the furnace, and quenching and cooling the blank to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 60 ℃;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-196 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving the heat for 3 hours, taking out the blank, and heating the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (4) heating the product treated in the fourth step to 520 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 30 minutes, taking out the product from the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
After the process, the product of example 2 is subjected to mechanical property test: wherein the tensile strength R m =1940 + -15 MPa, yield strength R e =1825 ± 15MPa, elongation a =9.2%, fracture toughness K IC ＝92±5MPa·m 1/2 。
Example 3
The cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni:20%, W:6%, mo:2.5%, ti:3.5%, al:0.3 percent and the balance of Fe element.
A strengthening and toughening treatment process of cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:20%, W:6%, mo:2.5%, ti:3.5%, al:0.3 percent of the steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace, heating to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 90 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is about 60 percent, and the final forging temperature is 950 ℃;
1.3, immediately immersing the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 65 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1 carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 70%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 950 ℃, preserving the heat for 45 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil at the temperature of 65 ℃ after the product is taken out of the furnace, and quenching and cooling the product to the room temperature;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1 carrying out second room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 70%;
3.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 3.1 for the second time to 850 ℃, preserving the heat for 30 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil after the blank is taken out of the furnace, and quenching and cooling the blank to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 65 ℃;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-185 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving heat for 6 hours, taking out the blank, and then, cooling the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (3) heating the product treated in the fourth step to 550 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 90 minutes, taking out the product outside the furnace, and cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
After the process, the product of example 3 is subjected to mechanical property test: wherein the tensile strength R m =2035 +/-15 MPa, yield strength R e =1945 ± 15MPa, elongation a =8.7%, fracture toughness K IC ＝84±5MPa·m 1/2 。
Example 4
The cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni:19.2%, W:5.8%, mo:2.2%, ti:2.8%, al:0.2 percent and the balance of Fe element.
A strengthening and toughening treatment process of cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:19.2%, W:5.8%, mo:2.2%, ti:2.8%, al:0.2 percent of steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace, heating to 1130 ℃, preserving heat for 60 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is about 60 percent, and the final forging temperature is 925 ℃;
1.3, immediately immersing the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 62 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1, carrying out room-temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 65%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at room temperature in the step 2.1 to 925 ℃, preserving heat for 40 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil after the product is taken out of the furnace, and quenching and cooling the product to room temperature at the oil temperature of 62 ℃;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1, carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2 for the second time: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 50%;
3.2 heating the product after the second room temperature pretreatment in the step 3.1 to 835 ℃ again, preserving the heat for 30 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the blank to room temperature at the oil temperature of 62 ℃;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-192 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving the heat for 4 hours, taking out the blank, and heating the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (4) heating the product treated in the fourth step to 535 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 45 minutes, taking out the product from the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
After the process, the product of example 4 is subjected to mechanical property test: wherein the tensile strength R m =1930 +/-15 MPa, yield strength R e =1845 +/-15 MPa, elongation A =9.7%, fracture toughness K IC ＝87±5MPa·m 1/2 。
Example 5
The cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni:19.5%, W:5.6%, mo:2.4%, ti:3.3%, al:0.1 percent and the balance of Fe element.
A strengthening and toughening treatment process of cobalt-free maraging steel comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:19.5%, W:5.6%, mo:2.4%, ti:3.3%, al:0.1 percent of the steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace, heating to 1080 ℃, preserving heat for 80 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is about 55 percent, and the final forging temperature is 860 ℃;
1.3, immediately immersing the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 60 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1 carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 50%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 945 ℃, preserving the heat for 30 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil after the product is taken out of the furnace, and quenching and cooling the product to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 60 ℃;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1, carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2 for the second time: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 65%;
3.2 heating the product after the second room temperature pretreatment in the step 3.1 to 845 ℃ again, preserving the heat for 20 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil at the temperature of 60 ℃ after the blank is taken out of the furnace, quenching and cooling the blank to the room temperature;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-196 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving the heat for 5 hours, taking out the blank, and cooling the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (4) heating the product treated in the fourth step to 540 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 75 minutes, taking out the product out of the furnace and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
After the above process, the mechanical properties of the product of example 5 were tested: wherein the tensile strength R m =1920 +/-15 MPa, yield strength R e =1835 ± 15MPa, elongation a =9.2%, fracture toughness K IC ＝89±5MPa·m 1/2 。
Comparative example 1
This case is a comparative example, the process, parameters are the same as in example 1, but no room temperature pretreatment (i.e., room temperature rolling pre-deformation) is performed. The product of comparative example 1 was subjected to mechanical property testing: wherein the tensile strength R m =1965 +/-15 MPa, yield strength R e =1855 ± 15MPa, elongation a =6.3%, fracture toughness K IC ＝67±5MPa·m 1/2 . Comparative example 1 it can be seen that the strength of the product without room temperature pretreatment is reduced by about 100MPa, but the fracture toughness is significantly reduced.
Comparative example 2
This case is a comparative example, the process and parameters are the same as those of example 2, but the secondary solution treatment is not performed. The product of comparative example 2 was subjected to mechanical property testing: wherein the tensile strength R m =1920 +/-15 MPa, yield strength R e =1815 ± 15MPa, elongation a =6.5%, fracture toughness K IC ＝58±5MPa·m 1/2 . Comparative example 2 shows that the product not subjected to the secondary solution treatment had a small decrease in strength within the error range, but had a significantly decreased fracture toughness.
Claims (10)
1. A strengthening and toughening treatment process of cobalt-free maraging steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni content: 18.5-20%, W content: 5.5-6%, mo content: 2.1-2.5%, ti content: 2.5 to 3.5%, al content: 0.1-0.3 percent of steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in an atmosphere protection furnace, heating to 1050-1150 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, and then forging at 1050-850 ℃, wherein the forging ratio is 40-60%;
1.3, immediately soaking the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil at the temperature of 60 +/-15 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1 carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling deformation direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2, and the deformation amount of the end face of the rolling deformation is 40-70%;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 900-950 ℃, preserving the heat for 30-45 minutes, and then immediately quenching and cooling to the room temperature;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1, carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2 for the second time: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 40-70%;
3.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 3.1 for the second time to 830-850 ℃, preserving the temperature for 15-30 minutes, and then immediately quenching and cooling to the room temperature;
step four, controllable cold treatment
And D, carrying out cryogenic treatment on the product subjected to the solution treatment in the step three by using a program controllable cold treatment device: the cooling medium is liquid nitrogen, the cooling temperature is-180 to-196 ℃, the cooling speed is controlled at 2 to 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 3 to 6 hours, and then the temperature is returned to the room temperature;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (4) heating the product treated in the fourth step to 520-550 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 30-90 minutes, taking out the product from the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
2. The strengthening and toughening treatment process of the cobalt-free maraging steel as recited in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:19%, W:5.7%, mo:2.3%, ti:3% of Al:0.15 percent of steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace, heating to 1100 ℃, preserving heat for 75 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is 50%, and the final forging temperature is 900 ℃;
1.3, immediately immersing the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 55 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1 carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 60%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 930 ℃, preserving heat for 40 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the product to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 55 ℃;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1, carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2 for the second time: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 50%;
3.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 3.1 for the second time to 840 ℃, preserving the heat for 20 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the blank to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 55 ℃;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-190 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving the heat for 4 hours, taking out the blank, and heating the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (4) heating the product treated in the fourth step to 535 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 60 minutes, taking out the product from the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
3. The strengthening and toughening treatment process of the cobalt-free maraging steel as recited in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:18.5%, W:5.5%, mo:2.1%, ti:2.5%, al:0.1 percent of the steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace, heating to 1050 ℃, preserving heat for 60 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is 40%, and the final forging temperature is 850 ℃;
1.3, immediately soaking the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 60 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1, carrying out room-temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 40%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 30 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the product to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 60 ℃;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1 carrying out second room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 40%;
3.2 heating the product after the second room temperature pretreatment in the step 3.1 to 830 ℃ again, preserving the heat for 15 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the blank to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 60 ℃;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-196 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving the heat for 3 hours, taking out the blank, and heating the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (4) heating the product treated in the step four to 520 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 30 minutes, taking out the product from the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
4. The process of strengthening and toughening cobalt-free maraging steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:20%, W:6%, mo:2.5%, ti:3.5%, al:0.3 percent of steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace, heating to 1150 ℃, preserving heat for 90 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is 60 percent, and the final forging temperature is 950 ℃;
1.3, immediately immersing the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 65 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1 carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 70%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 950 ℃, preserving the heat for 45 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil after the product is taken out of the furnace, and quenching and cooling the product to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 65 ℃;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1 carrying out second room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 70%;
3.2 heating the product after the second room temperature pretreatment in the step 3.1 to 850 ℃ again, preserving the heat for 30 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the blank to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 65 ℃;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-185 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving heat for 6 hours, taking out the blank, and heating the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (4) heating the product treated in the step four to 550 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 90 minutes, taking out the product from the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
5. The strengthening and toughening treatment process of the cobalt-free maraging steel as recited in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, high-temperature pretreatment
1.1 adopting a vacuum secondary smelting technology to mix Ni:19.2%, W:5.8%, mo:2.2%, ti:2.8%, al:0.2 percent of steel ingot with the balance of Fe element is smelted to obtain a blank;
1.2, placing the blank obtained in the step 1.1 in a nitrogen protection furnace, heating to 1130 ℃, preserving heat for 60 minutes, and immediately forging after discharging, wherein the forging ratio is 60 percent, and the final forging temperature is 925 ℃;
1.3, immediately immersing the blank forged in the step 1.2 into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 62 ℃ for quenching and cooling to room temperature;
step two, primary solution treatment
2.1, carrying out room-temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 1.3: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling ratio is 65%, and the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2;
2.2 heating the product pretreated at the room temperature in the step 2.1 to 925 ℃, preserving heat for 40 minutes, immediately immersing the product into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the product to the room temperature at the oil temperature of 62 ℃;
step three, secondary solution treatment
3.1, carrying out room temperature pretreatment on the product treated in the step 2.2 for the second time: rolling at room temperature, wherein the rolling direction is vertical to the forging direction in the step 1.2 and the rolling deformation direction in the step 2.1, and the deformation of the rolled end face is 50%;
3.2 heating the product after the second room temperature pretreatment in the step 3.1 to 835 ℃ again, preserving the heat for 30 minutes, immediately immersing the blank into quenching oil after discharging, and quenching and cooling the blank to room temperature at the oil temperature of 62 ℃;
step four, controllable cold treatment
Cooling the product subjected to the solution treatment in the third step to-192 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min by using a program controllable cold treatment device, preserving the heat for 4 hours, taking out the blank, and then, cooling the blank to room temperature in the air;
step five, rapid aging treatment
And (3) heating the product treated in the fourth step to 535 ℃ again for tempering, then preserving the heat for 45 minutes, taking out the product outside the furnace, and air-cooling the product to room temperature to obtain a tempered lath martensite structure and intermetallic compounds uniformly dispersed in the tempered lath martensite structure.
6. The process for the strengthening and toughening of cobalt-free maraging steel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: and in the step one, the atmosphere protection furnace is an inert gas, nitrogen or argon protection furnace.
7. The process for the strengthening and toughening of a cobalt-free maraging steel as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in the first to third steps, quenching is carried out by immersing the product into quenching oil, and the oil temperature is cooled at 60 +/-15 ℃.
8. The process for the strengthening and toughening of a cobalt-free maraging steel as recited in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: in the fifth step, the width of the martensite structure of the tempered lath is 0.1-0.25 μm, and the grain size of the intermetallic compound is 10-30 nm.
9. The process of strengthening and toughening cobalt-free maraging steel according to claim 8, wherein: the intermetallic compound includes Ni3Mo, ni3Ti, ni3Al or NiAl.
10. A cobalt-free maraging steel for use in the treatment process of claim 1, characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni content: 18.5-20%, W content: 5.5 to 6%, mo content: 2.1-2.5%, ti content: 2.5 to 3.5%, al content: 0.1 to 0.3 percent, and the balance of Fe element.
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