CN114032444B - High-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material and casting method thereof - Google Patents

High-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material and casting method thereof Download PDF

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CN114032444B
CN114032444B CN202111178271.2A CN202111178271A CN114032444B CN 114032444 B CN114032444 B CN 114032444B CN 202111178271 A CN202111178271 A CN 202111178271A CN 114032444 B CN114032444 B CN 114032444B
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邓小洲
郝博魁
王海建
郑卫星
肖凤赞
戈启华
杨刚
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Yichang Marine Diesel Engine Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/28—Normalising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon

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Abstract

The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material and a casting method thereof, wherein the raw iron liquid of the material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3.5 to 3.8 percent of C, 0.3 to 0.60 percent of Si, less than 0.4 percent of Mn, less than 0.06 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of S, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Cr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the mass percentages of the chemical components of the casting material after spheroidizing inoculation are as follows: 3.5 to 3.8 percent of C, 1.6 to 2.2 percent of Si, less than 0.4 percent of Mn, less than 0.06 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of S, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Cu0, and Mg:0.04-0.06%, RE:0.01-0.04. The casting steps comprise melting raw materials into molten iron, preparing a nodulizer, an inoculant, a slag remover and Cu in a casting ladle, discharging the molten iron from a furnace, treating the molten iron by adopting a flushing method and a flow-following mode, pouring after slag removal, and finally carrying out normalizing and tempering heat treatment to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material, wherein the wall thickness of the material is more than 100mm, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1000MPA, the elongation is more than or equal to 4%, and the HBW is more than or equal to 300.

Description

High-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material and casting method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cast iron materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material and a casting method thereof.
Background
The nodular cast iron has high tensile strength and bending fatigue limit, and also has good plasticity and toughness, and is commonly used for producing parts which are complex in stress and have high requirements on strength, toughness, wear resistance and the like, such as crankshafts and camshafts of automobiles, tractors, internal combustion engines and the like, and medium-pressure valves of general machinery and the like.
QT1000-4 has high tensile strength and high yield strength, and the hardness reaches 280-320HB, and is widely applied to high-end equipment such as mining machinery gears, special equipment swing arms, low-speed diesel engine crankshafts and the like. At present, the strength and toughness of a general QT1000-4 material are difficult to meet the technical requirements in a thick-wall (the wall thickness is more than 100 mm) state, other trace elements (such as V, ti) need to be strictly controlled in the production process, spheroidization recession and graphite floating are mainly prevented in the production process of high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron, and Ti element plays a role in inhibiting spheroidization and particularly shows obvious effect in the production of the thick-wall high-toughness nodular cast iron, so raw materials need to be selected to control the residual quantity of Ti; adding Ni, mo and other alloy elements to raise pearlite content and raise tensile strength, and Ni and Mo alloy has high cost, high production cost and complicated production process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material and a casting method thereof, wherein the wall thickness is more than 100mm, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1000MPA, and the elongation is more than or equal to 4%.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.5 to 3.8 percent of C, 0.3 to 0.60 percent of Si, less than 0.4 percent of Mn, less than 0.06 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of S, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Cr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the mass percentages of the chemical components of the casting material after spheroidizing inoculation are as follows: 3.5 to 3.8 percent of C, 1.6 to 2.2 percent of Si, less than 0.4 percent of Mn, less than 0.06 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of S, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Cu, and the weight percentage of Mg:0.04-0.06%, RE:0.01-0.04.
Furthermore, the wall thickness of the material is more than 100mm, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1000MPA, the elongation is more than or equal to 4 percent, and the HBW is more than or equal to 300 percent.
The invention also relates to a casting method of the high-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting raw materials according to a ratio, melting molten iron in a medium-frequency induction furnace, sampling and analyzing, after the components are adjusted to be qualified, heating the molten iron to 1505 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 3-7 minutes, cooling to 1445 +/-5 ℃, and discharging;
s2, adding a nodulizer with the mass of 1.35 +/-0.2% of molten iron into a nodulizing groove at the bottom of the ladle before discharging, covering 0.6 +/-0.1% of inoculant on the nodulizer, covering 0.1 +/-0.05% of deslagging agent after tamping by a mallet, and finally covering 0.5-0.8% of Cu;
s3, when molten iron is discharged from the furnace by 15-25%, adding 0.5 +/-0.1% of inoculant into a casting ladle, and treating the molten iron by adopting a flushing method and a flow following method; after nodulizing, slagging off operation is carried out until no obvious massive scum exists on the surface, 0.15 +/-0.05% of inoculant is added to the surface of molten iron, 0.1 +/-0.05% of deslagging agent is covered, and pouring is prepared;
s4, adding 0.15 +/-0.1% of inoculant into the pouring basin to serve as stream-following inoculant; then pouring the molten iron obtained in the step S3, standing for 5-10 seconds, picking out surface slag, and then carrying out plug pouring until pouring is finished;
s5, preserving the heat of the poured material in the mold for 8-76 h, and performing normalizing treatment after opening the box, wherein the normalizing treatment temperature is 920 +/-10 ℃; and then discharging from the furnace, spraying and cooling, cooling the surface to below 300 ℃, then heating to 530 +/-10 ℃ for tempering, finally discharging from the furnace, and air cooling to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material.
Further, the raw materials in S1 comprise 50 parts of pig iron, 50 parts of carbon steel, 2 parts of carburant and 1 part of ferrochrome.
Further, when the temperature of the molten iron in the S1 reaches 1410 +/-5 ℃, sampling and carrying out spectral analysis, wherein the components in the furnace are controlled as follows: 3.5 to 3.8 percent of C, 0.3 to 0.60 percent of Si, less than 0.4 percent of Mn, less than 0.06 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of S and 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Cr.
Further, the inoculant is a compound containing Ba, ca and Bi, wherein Ba: ca: the proportion of Bi is 1:2:2.5.
further, the nodulizer is a rare earth magnesium nodulizer containing Si and Ce; the slag removing agent is an oxide containing silicon and aluminum, wherein the ratio of silicon to aluminum is 3:1.
and further pouring the molten iron treated by the step S3 within 20 min.
Further, the holding time of the normalizing treatment and the tempering treatment is determined according to the thickness, and the specific time is t/25+1h, wherein t is the wall thickness mm.
Further, the thickness of the material is 100-250 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by adding Cr and Cu components and using a specific inoculant and a nodulizer in a matching manner, the produced nodular cast iron has tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness meeting the requirements of QT1000-4 materials, and is low in production cost.
The inoculant provided by the invention contains Ba, ca and Bi, and inoculation recession in the cooling process of a thick-wall casting is prevented through the inoculation effect of Ba, ca and Bi; cu is also used as an inoculant to refine the grain structure and improve the pearlite content.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a real casting of a square frame prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a heat treatment process diagram for preparing the nodular cast iron material.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
1. modeling: the trial-manufactured piece is molded by selecting a square frame casting piece shown in the figure 1, the pouring weight is about 2000kg, the wall thickness is 160mm, and 3 attached casting test blocks with the thickness of 140mm are placed in each casting piece.
2. Smelting: the furnace burden comprises the following specific steps: 1000kg of high-purity pig iron, 1000kg of scrap steel, 40kg of carburant and 20kg of ferrochrome; wherein the high-purity pig iron is bread pig iron with the Fe content of more than 95 percent, wherein the C content is 4.0-4.2 percent, the Si content is 0.30-0.40 percent, and the rest is Mn, P, S and other inevitable trace impurity alloy elements; the scrap steel is common carbon steel with Mn content less than or equal to 0.7 percent, the nitrogen content of the carburant is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, and the carbon content is more than or equal to 97 percent; the Cr-Fe is ferrochrome with Cr content of 50-55%.
And melting the ingredients into molten iron by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, sampling when the temperature of the molten iron reaches 1410 +/-5 ℃, carrying out spectral analysis, and adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron in the furnace according to an analysis result so as to meet the specified requirement. The components in the furnace are controlled as follows: 3.65 percent of C; 0.45 percent of Si; 0.33 percent of Mn0; p is 0.04%; 0.03 percent of S; 0.51 percent of Cr. After the components are qualified, the molten iron is continuously heated to 1506 ℃, the temperature is kept for 6 minutes, and the molten iron is discharged after being cooled to 1447 ℃.
Preparing 1 3T casting ladle from the casting ladle, adding 27kg of nodulizer into the casting ladle, covering 12kg of inoculant on the nodulizer, covering 2kg of slag remover after tamping by a mallet, and finally covering Cu:13kg. Wherein the nodulizer is a rare earth magnesium nodulizer containing Si and Ce; the inoculant is a compound containing Ba, ca and Bi, wherein the ratio of Ba: ca: the Bi ratio is 1:2:2.5, the addition amount of Cu is 0.5-0.8%. The silicon-containing compound and Cu can be used as inoculants to refine the grain structure and improve the pearlite content. The main components of the slag remover are silicon and aluminum in proportion 3:1 oxide.
When the molten iron is discharged from the furnace by 500kg, 10kg of inoculant is added into a casting ladle, and the molten iron is treated by adopting a pouring method and a stream following method. And after the spheroidization is finished, carrying out slagging-off operation, adding 3kg of inoculant to the surface of molten iron after no obvious massive scum exists on the surface, covering 2kg of slag remover, and preparing for casting.
3. Pouring: removing hot air within 20 minutes before pouring, beating a plug and checking the tightness of the plug, adding 3kg of stream inoculation agent into a pouring basin according to a smelting batching list, pouring after confirming no abnormality, pouring molten iron according to the pouring weight, standing for 10S, picking out surface slag, plugging and pouring until the pouring is finished.
4. And (3) heat treatment: and (3) keeping the temperature of the casting mold for 72h, then boxing and cleaning, and carrying out normalizing and tempering heat treatment according to the attached figure 2. And (3) keeping the temperature at 920 +/-10 ℃ for 7.5h according to the wall thickness of the casting, discharging from the furnace, carrying out spray cooling, reducing the surface temperature of the part to below 300 ℃, then heating to 530 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 7.5h, discharging from the furnace, carrying out air cooling, wherein the produced product has stable performance, and the casting process is simple and controllable.
5. And (3) detection: the mechanical properties of the cast test block were measured and the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness were recorded as shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003296201060000041
Example 2:
1. modeling: the trial-manufactured piece is molded by selecting a square frame casting piece shown in the figure 1, the pouring weight is about 2000kg, the wall thickness is 160mm, and 3 attached casting test blocks with the thickness of 140mm are placed in each casting piece.
2. Smelting: the furnace burden comprises the following specific steps: 1000kg of high-purity pig iron, 1000kg of scrap steel, 40kg of carburant and 17kg of ferrochrome.
And melting the ingredients into molten iron by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, sampling when the temperature of the molten iron reaches 1407 ℃, carrying out spectral analysis, and adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron in the furnace according to an analysis result so as to meet the specified requirements. The components in the furnace are controlled as follows: 3.55 percent of C; 0.32% of Si; 0.35 percent of Mn0; p is 0.02 percent; 0.01 percent of S; cr is 0.42. And after the components are qualified, continuously heating the molten iron to 1503 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 minutes, and cooling the molten iron to 1444 ℃ to discharge the molten iron.
Preparing 1 3T casting ladle from the casting ladle, adding 23kg of nodulizer into the casting ladle, covering 10kg of inoculant on the nodulizer, covering 1kg of slag remover after tamping by a mallet, and finally covering Cu:10.2kg.
When the molten iron is discharged from the furnace by 380kg, 8.2kg of inoculant is added into a casting ladle, and the molten iron is treated by adopting a pouring method and a flow-following mode. After the spheroidization is finished, slagging-off operation is carried out, 2.1kg of inoculant is added to the surface of molten iron after obvious massive scum is not generated on the surface, 1.1kg of deslagging agent is covered, and pouring is prepared.
3. Pouring: removing hot air within 20 minutes before pouring, beating a plug and checking the tightness of the plug, adding 2.2kg of stream inoculation agent into a pouring basin according to a smelting proportioning sheet, pouring after confirming no abnormality, pouring molten iron according to the pouring weight, standing for 10S, picking out surface slag, and blocking for pouring until the pouring is finished.
4. And (3) heat treatment: and (3) keeping the temperature of the casting mold for 72h, then boxing and cleaning, and carrying out normalizing and tempering heat treatment according to the attached figure 2. According to the wall thickness of the casting, after preserving heat at 913 ℃ for 7.5h, discharging from the furnace for spray cooling, after reducing the surface temperature of the part to below 300 ℃, heating to 522 ℃ and preserving heat for 7.5h, discharging from the furnace for air cooling, the produced product has stable performance, and the casting process is simple and controllable.
5. And (3) detection: the mechanical properties of the cast test block were measured and the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness were recorded as shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003296201060000051
Example 3:
1. modeling: the trial-manufactured piece is molded by selecting a square frame casting piece shown in the figure 1, the pouring weight is about 2000kg, the wall thickness is 160mm, and 3 attached casting test blocks with the thickness of 140mm are placed in each casting piece.
2. Smelting: the furnace burden comprises the following specific steps: 1000kg of high-purity pig iron, 1000kg of scrap steel, 40kg of carburant and 27kg of ferrochrome.
And melting the ingredients into molten iron by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace, sampling when the temperature of the molten iron reaches 1414 ℃, performing spectral analysis, and adjusting the chemical components of the molten iron in the furnace according to the analysis result so as to meet the specified requirements. The components in the furnace are controlled as follows: 3.78 percent of C; 0.59 percent of Si; 0.49 percent of Mn0; p0.058%; 0.049% of S; and Cr is 0.67. After the components are qualified, the molten iron is continuously heated to 1508 ℃, the temperature is kept for 7 minutes, and the molten iron is cooled to 1449 ℃ and discharged.
Preparing 1 3T casting ladle from the casting ladle, adding 30.5kg of nodulizer into the casting ladle, covering 13.8kg of inoculant on the nodulizer, covering 2.9kg of slag remover after tamping by a mallet, and finally covering Cu:13.7kg.
When the molten iron is discharged from the furnace by 480kg, 11.6kg of inoculant is added into a casting ladle, and the molten iron is treated by adopting a pouring method and a stream following method. And after the spheroidization is finished, carrying out slagging-off operation, adding 4kg of inoculant to the surface of molten iron after no obvious massive scum exists on the surface, covering 2.95kg of slag remover, and preparing for casting.
3. Pouring: removing hot air within 20 minutes before pouring, beating a plug and checking the tightness of the plug, adding 4.9kg of stream inoculation agent into a pouring basin according to a smelting proportioning sheet, pouring after confirming no abnormality, pouring molten iron according to the pouring weight, standing for 10S, picking out surface slag, and blocking for pouring until the pouring is finished.
4. And (3) heat treatment: and (3) keeping the temperature of the casting mold for 72h, then boxing and cleaning, and carrying out normalizing and tempering heat treatment according to the attached figure 2. According to the wall thickness of the casting, after heat preservation is carried out for 7.5h at 928 ℃, the casting is taken out of the furnace for spray cooling, after the surface temperature of the part is reduced to be below 300 ℃, the temperature is increased to 530 +/-10 ℃ for heat preservation for 7.5h, the casting is taken out of the furnace for air cooling, the performance of the produced product is stable, and the casting process is simple and controllable.
5. And (3) detection: the mechanical properties of the cast test block were measured and the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness were recorded as shown in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003296201060000052
Figure BDA0003296201060000061
The cast parts obtained in the above examples have tensile strength and elongation higher than QT1000-4 standard when the wall thickness is more than 100 mm.

Claims (6)

1. The high-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material is characterized in that the raw iron liquid of the material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.5 to 3.8 percent of C, 0.3 to 0.60 percent of Si, less than 0.4 percent of Mn, less than 0.06 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of S, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Cr, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the casting material after spheroidizing inoculation comprises the following chemical components: 3.5 to 3.8 percent of C, 1.6 to 2.2 percent of Si, less than 0.4 percent of Mn, less than 0.06 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of S, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Cr, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Cu, and Mg:0.04-0.06%, RE:0.01-0.04; the wall thickness of the material is more than 100mm, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1000MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 4 percent, and the HBW is more than or equal to 300 percent;
the casting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting raw materials according to a ratio, melting molten iron in a medium-frequency induction furnace, sampling, analyzing, adjusting components to be qualified, heating the molten iron to 1505 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 3~7 minutes, cooling to 1445 +/-5 ℃, and discharging;
s2, adding a nodulizing agent with the mass of 1.35 +/-0.2% of that of molten iron into a nodulizing groove at the bottom of a casting ladle before tapping, covering 0.6 +/-0.1% of inoculant on the nodulizing agent, covering 0.1 +/-0.05% of deslagging agent after tamping by a wooden mallet, and finally covering 0.5 to 0.8% of Cu;
s3, when the molten iron is discharged from the furnace for 15 to 25 percent, adding 0.5 +/-0.1 percent of inoculant into a casting ladle, and treating the molten iron by adopting a pouring method and a flow-following mode; after nodulizing, slagging off operation is carried out until no obvious massive scum exists on the surface, 0.15 +/-0.05% of inoculant is added to the surface of molten iron, 0.1 +/-0.05% of deslagging agent is covered, and pouring is prepared;
s4, adding 0.15 +/-0.1% of inoculant into the pouring basin to serve as stream-following inoculant; then pouring the molten iron obtained in the step S3, standing for 5-10S, picking out surface slag, and then carrying out plug pouring until the pouring is finished;
s5, preserving the heat of the poured material in a mold for 8 to 76h, and normalizing at 920 +/-10 ℃ after opening the box; then discharging from the furnace, spray cooling, cooling to the surface temperature of below 300 ℃, then heating to 530 +/-10 ℃ for tempering, finally discharging from the furnace, and air cooling to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness thick-wall nodular cast iron material;
the inoculant is a compound containing Ba, ca and Bi, wherein the ratio of Ba: ca: the proportion of Bi is 1:2:2.5; the nodulizer is rare earth magnesium nodulizer containing Si and Ce; the slag removing agent is an oxide containing silicon and aluminum, wherein the ratio of silicon to aluminum is 3:1.
2. the high toughness thick-walled ductile cast iron material according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials in S1 are 50 parts of pig iron, 50 parts of carbon steel, 2 parts of carburant and 1 part of ferrochrome.
3. The high toughness thick-walled ductile cast iron material according to claim 1, wherein: when the temperature of molten iron in the S1 reaches 1410 +/-5 ℃, sampling and carrying out spectral analysis, wherein the components in the furnace are controlled as follows: 3.5 to 3.8 percent of C, 0.3 to 0.60 percent of Si, less than 0.4 percent of Mn, less than 0.06 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of S and 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Cr.
4. The high toughness thick-walled ductile cast iron material according to claim 1, wherein: and pouring the molten iron treated in the step S3 within 20 min.
5. The high toughness thick-walled ductile cast iron material according to claim 1, wherein: the heat preservation time of the normalizing treatment and the tempering treatment is determined according to the thickness, and the specific time is t/25+1h, wherein t is the wall thickness mm.
6. The high toughness thick-walled ductile iron material according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the material is 100 to 250mm.
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